ÿWPC¸ “q5’ojGL¢'ªþëY†7AWd^§®=ÀÁN@:ÀëÔ2á8ßZm+y¢n×Áø²\O~ c,•MùI}µÐà½Æ X§+XåóFòðZ²êZ.[³ÑˆT¶Ô‡mé8¹Üëhçƒ&>1 ‰.‹r´(S-¦ŸÆ‚ýkæµGPßÛ·S~6®Z ü`†ÏuHù Eñji±7Š‹ÍDËn u¤„|3•ǦP2™ŠÀ‘9«Ž3ðIBðlx ¤Fl4òöµÅ¼T«f뺪M1í%÷„÷¾û&KÄ5áß·û_È1Àa %‚Ù›ôõçk ,Ub)Ô­#ìEyŠøüÿ¤djó$·(­q¸‚˜^[¸(!GýÑ…E'Ò²¾½Sƒ¦SI»ëŠÅ#®ôás§‚^•VA>Y–¤z¼×J/ÈQ [²/Bf…cây˜4pór€3òG‹™ÿ¸¶#x–xưÁ®Nt7Ò7zlºð#¶¨Æ“Ñ¡¨…# F %Q UNW 0Æ¥ k 4s ‡ U:– 0&Ð w@öU:6 0Dpê´U>žiÜU:EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE B D3œœœ 0DÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ AOÆbb 0D( D/l B›˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLhÎX(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman Regular(žjÆ$¡¡Ñ` ` ÑÑÜÜÑÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÓÓuM%3|x— , øð AZ"Arial Regular(Ö(2Iˆ$¤¤Ý ƒjÆ!ÝÑ` °ÑÑܰÑÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÓÓÝ  ÝÒ44ÒÒXXÒà Œ àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó … [† ‡ Eˆ ‰ Š E‹ Œ  Ž Ó€,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó àÔ€X#âXXXÔÔ€X XX#âÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€X#âXX ÔÐ  ÐÌSeptember€30,€1998ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAMÔó ó<@ˆÐ9Z &Courier Regular _Ý ƒ J$ÝÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÓÓÒ44ÒÒXXÒà Œ àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÓÓÔ‡ò˜­òXXÔÔ‡ò˜Ñòòò˜­ÔThe€first€four€criteria€are€found€in€òòGrayóó.€€A€fifth€category€in€òòGrayóó,€based€on€a€specific€numberÐ `  Ðof€prior€felony€convictions,€may€enhance€the€sentence€range€but€is€no€longer€a€listed€criterion.€€òòSeeóóÐ  ¾ ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115,€Sentencing€Commission€Comments.Ô#†ò˜­òòò˜Ñ¾#ÔÔ‡ò‡òòò˜­Ô,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular d&&&&'ÿÿdxd(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒjÆ!ÝÑ` °ÑÑܰÑÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÓÓÝ  ÝñŽ ñ›ñŽ ñÑ7€XdìdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÔ€ X#âXXXÔñŽ ñßr€ *<,(j 8` `€€@E f ` 8ttxPX` ð  rß›ñŽ ñà@g g ÚàòòIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEóóˆÐ `  Ðà@*ÚàòòAT€NASHVILLEóóˆÐ , Ì Ðà@ââ'ÚàAPRIL€1998€SESSIONˆÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à ” àà ì à*à D àC.C.A.€#€01C01„9705„CC„00177Ð 0 Ðà Œ àAppellee/Appellant,à ” àà ì à*à D àDICKSON€COUNTY€Ð \ü  ÐVS.à Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì à*à D àHon.€Robert€E.€Burch,€Judge€Ð (È  ÐÓÓDELBERT€LEE€HARRIS,€à ” à€à ì à*à D à(Aggravated€Assault,€Rape,€Rape€€€€Ð ô”  Ðà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àof€a€Child,€and€Attempt€to€Commit€Ìà Œ àAppellant/Appellee.à ” àà ì à*à D àSexual€Battery)Ð À` ÐÌÌÌÌÌòòFor€Appellant/Appelleeóó:à ” àà ì àà D àòòFor€Appellee/Appellantóó:Ð $Ä ÐÌJack€L.€Garton,€Attorneyà ” àà ì àà D àJohn€Knox€WalkupÐ ð ÐWhite,€Regen€&€Garton,€PLCà ì àà D àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÐ Öv Ð107€Professional€Building€Ì110€North€Mathis€Driveà ” àà ì àà D àDeborah€A.€Tullis€€à L àà ¤ àà ü! àÐ ¢!B ÐP.O.€Box€190à < àà ” àà ì àà D àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÐ ˆ"( ÐDickson,€TN€€37056„0190à ” àà ì àà D àCriminal€Justice€DivisionÐ n# Ðà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àCordell€Hull€Building,€Second€FloorÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D à425€Fifth€Avenue€North€Ìà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àNashville,€TN€€37243ÌÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àDan€Mitchum€Alsobrooks€Ìà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àDistrict€Attorney€General€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àRobert€S.€Wilson€€à L àÐ ž*>!% Ðà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àTwenty„Third€Judicial€District€Ìà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àP.O.€Box€580€Ìà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àCharlotte,€TN€€37036ÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:__________________________ÌÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌÌGARY€R.€WADE,€JUDGEÐ  þ8ž/5 ÐÓÓÑ7€ #â XXdæXdì7Ñà@33-ÚàòòOPINIONóóˆÐ `  Ðà Œ àà ä àThe€defendant,€Delbert€Lee€Harris,€was€convicted€of€aggravatedÏassault,€rape,€rape€of€a€child,€and€attempted€sexual€battery.€€The€trial€court€imposedÏsentences€of€four€years€for€aggravated€assault,€ten€years€for€rape,€twenty„two€yearsÏfor€rape€of€a€child,€and€eleven€months€and€twenty„nine€days€for€attempt€to€commitÏsexual€battery.€€The€sentence€for€rape€is€to€be€served€consecutively€to€the€sentenceÏfor€rape€of€a€child€for€an€effective€sentence€of€thirty„two€years.€€The€defendant€wasÏon€probation€for€a€prior€crime€at€the€time€of€the€offenses.€€All€sentences€are€to€beÏserved€consecutively€to€the€earlier€term.€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àIn€this€appeal€of€right,€the€defendant€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€theÏevidence€and€claims€that€the€sentences€are€excessive.€€In€its€separate€appeal,€theÏstate€asserts€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€establishing€a€Range€I,€thirty€percentÏrelease€eligibility€date€for€the€twenty„two€year€sentence€for€rape€of€a€child.€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àThere€is€merit€to€the€appeal€by€the€state.€€The€judgments€of€convictionÏare€affirmed.€€The€causes€are€remanded€for€resentencing.€€Ìà Œ àà ä àœÌà Œ àà ä àBy›€the€late€summer€of€1995,€the€defendant€and€his€wife,€Diane€Harris,Ïhad€been€married€almost€ten€years.€€There€were€two€minor€children€born€to€theirÏmarriage.€€Ms.€Harris€had€three€children€by€a€prior€marriage;€two,€including€the€minorÏfemale€victim,€lived€in€the€Harris€residence.€€The€victim€was€born€September€10,Ï1982.€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àAt€approximately€3:40€A.M.€on€September€17,€1995,€the€defendantÏawoke€the€victim,€directed€her€to€an€upstairs€playroom,€and€began€to€remove€herÏshorts.€€Meanwhile,€Ms.€Harris€woke€from€her€sleep,€saw€the€victim€being€ledÐ 8¸.4 Ðupstairs€by€the€defendant,€and€followed€them.€€The€victim€began€to€cry€as€herÏclothes€were€being€removed€by€the€defendant.€€At€that€point,€Ms.€Harris€intervened,Ïgrabbed€her€daughter,€and€took€her€into€the€kitchen.€€She€then€called€911,€reportedÏthat€her€thirteen„year„old€daughter€had€been€molested,€and€informed€the€dispatcherÏthat€the€defendant€had€taken€possession€of€a€gun.€€Afterward,€Ms.€Harris€woke€herÏseven„year„old€daughter€so€all€three€of€them€could€leave€the€residence.€€TheÏdefendant€first€threatened€to€commit€suicide€and€then€made€threats€to€Ms.€Harris.€ÏThe€victim€and€her€younger€sister€heard€the€defendant€say,€"You€f______€up€now"Ïto€Ms.€Harris.€€The€defendant€then€pointed€a€gun€at€her€chest€from€less€than€a€footÏaway.€€When€he€pulled€the€trigger,€the€bullet€jammed.€€The€defendant€then€wentÏupstairs€to€get€a€second€gun.€€As€he€did€so,€Ms.€Harris€removed€her€two€daughtersÏfrom€the€residence€and€hid€them€behind€a€playhouse€in€the€front€yard€until€the€policeÏarrived.€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àMs.€Harris€then€went€to€the€outside€window€of€her€sons'€bedroom.€€TheÏboys€were€asleep.€€When€Ms.€Harris€saw€the€defendant€enter€the€bedroom,€she€ranÏinto€some€tall€weeds€at€the€rear€of€the€house,€hid,€and€began€to€pray.€€Armed€with€aÏrifle,€the€defendant€then€walked€out€of€the€residence€and€called€for€Ms.€Harris€andÏher€daughters,€promising€that€he€would€not€harm€them€and€that€he€just€wanted€toÏtalk.€€€€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àFour€police€vehicles€were€dispatched€to€the€Harris€residence.€€DeputyÏWayne€Heflin,€who€arrived€first,€was€met€by€the€victim€and€her€sister.€€They€wereÏdescribed€by€Deputy€B.€J.€Gafford€as€"very€upset€...€hollering€that€their€daddy€hadÏtaken€a€weapon€and€run€into€the€woods...."€€Deputy€Heflin€also€learned€from€theÏvictim€that€the€defendant€had€touched€her€private€parts€and€had€done€so€before.€ÏWhen€the€victim€reported€that€her€younger€brothers€were€still€inside,€Deputies€HeflinÐ 8¸.4 Ðand€Gafford€removed€the€boys€from€the€residence.€€As€the€deputy€started€to€driveÏaway,€Ms.€Harris,€described€as€"really€afraid,"€approached€the€police€vehicle€andÏreported€that€the€defendant€had€tried€to€shoot€her.€€She€told€the€officer€that€sheÏfeared€that€the€defendant,€who€had€a€scope€on€his€rifle,€might€shoot€her€from€theÏwoods.€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àLater,€Dr.€David€Bridges€examined€the€victim,€found€her€to€be€anxiousÏand€depressed,€and€learned€her€account€of€what€had€occurred€at€the€HarrisÏresidence.€€The€victim€reported€to€Dr.€Bridges€that€the€defendant€had€forced€her€toÏengage€in€sexual€intercourse€in€May€of€1995.€€She€explained€that€Ms.€Harris€did€notÏknow€about€the€earlier€incident.€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àDetective€Tim€Eads€of€the€Dickson€County€Sheriff's€DepartmentÏrecovered€two€30/30€Winchester€shells€from€the€Harris€residence.€€He€describedÏone€of€the€shells,€which€was€found€on€the€defendant's€bed€in€the€master€bedroom,Ïas€"bent€and€[with]€a€scrap€mark€on€the€side€like€an€abrasion."€€Detective€Eads'Ïsearch€took€place€about€five€days€after€the€offense.€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àThe€victim€testified€that€just€after€she€completed€the€school€year€inÏ1995,€the€defendant€took€her€outside,€placed€her€on€a€sleeping€bag€in€the€yard,€andÏforced€his€penis€into€her€vagina.€€She€also€described€a€second€rape€which€occurredÏon€September€12,€œ1995.›€€She€recalled€that€the€defendant€wore€a€condom€as€heÏpenetrated€her€vagina.€€Finally,€she€recounted€the€September€17,€1995,€occurrenceÏwhen€the€defendant€"was€trying€to€pull€my€clothes€off€and€my€mom€walked€in€andÏfound€him€there€and€she€went€and€called€the€cops...."€€She€testified€that€theÏdefendant€"tried€to€shoot€my€mom."€€ÌÐ 8¸.4 Ðà Œ àà ä àThe€defendant€testified€that€he€had€married€Ms.€Harris€in€Maryland€inÏ1986.€€The€family€moved€to€Tennessee€a€month€later.€€He€stated€that€both€he€andÏMs.€Harris€had€alcohol€problems€but€she€quit€drinking€after€the€move€to€Tennessee.€ÏThe€defendant€claimed€that€he€and€Ms.€Harris€had€marital€problems€due€to€herÏjealousy,€possessiveness€and€disapproval€of€his€spending€so€much€time€coachingÏsoftball,€baseball,€and€football.€€He€testified€that€he€had€attempted€to€commit€suicideÏon€one€occasion€before€the€series€of€incidents€that€led€to€his€arrest.€€He€denied€thatÏhe€raped€the€victim€either€in€the€spring€of€1995€or€on€September€12€of€that€year.€€HeÏdescribed€the€September€17€incident€as€an€altercation€initiated€by€Ms.€Harris.€€TheÏdefendant€contended€that€he€took€possession€of€the€gun€to€"attempt€to€kill€myself"Ïand€explained€that€he€went€outside€so€that€Ms.€Harris€could€see.€€He€testified€thatÏwhen€the€police€arrived,€he€simply€walked€up€a€hill€and€stayed€there€for€a€timeÏbefore€eventually€going€to€a€friend's€house.€€The€defendant€maintained€that€heÏreturned€to€his€own€residence€when€he€saw€that€his€friend's€residence€lights€wereÏoff.€€He€stayed€there€until€September€20.€€He€testified€that€he€then€drove€to€Ms.ÏHarris's€grandmother's€house€in€Nashville€to€say€goodbye€to€his€wife€and€theÏchildren.€€The€defendant€remembered€telling€Ms.€Harris€that€she€could€have€theÏresidence€and€recalled€giving€the€boys€"a€hug€bye."€€He€then€returned€to€MarylandÏwhere€he€later€learned€that€there€were€criminal€warrants€against€him€in€this€state.€€ÌÌà@¾¾0ÚàIˆÌà Œ àà ä àInitially,€the€defendant€complains€that€the€proof€was€insufficient€toÏestablish€the€offense€of€aggravated€assault€because€Ms.€Harris€failed€to€testify€thatÏshe€feared€imminent€bodily€injury.€€He€argues€that€he€went€to€get€the€rifle€in€order€toÏcommit€suicide€and€did€not€intend€to€place€Ms.€Harris€in€danger.€€The€defendantÏargues€that€there€was€no€force€or€coercion€involved€as€was€necessary€for€either€theÏrape€or€the€rape€of€a€child€convictions.€€Also,€the€defendant€asserts€that€he€did€notÐ 8¸.4 Ðattempt€to€commit€a€sexual€battery€because€there€was€no€proof€of€threat€on€his€partÏor€of€resistance€on€the€part€of€the€victim.€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àOn€appeal,€the€state€is€entitled€to€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€theÏevidence€and€all€reasonable€inferences€which€might€be€drawn€therefrom.€€òòState€v.Ð 0 ÐCabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€€The€credibility€of€the€witnesses,€theÐ \ü  Ðweight€to€be€given€their€testimony,€and€the€reconciliation€of€conflicts€in€the€evidenceÏare€matters€entrusted€exclusively€to€the€jury€as€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòByrge€v.€Stateóó,€575Ð ô”  ÐS.W.2d€292,€295€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978).€€This€court€may€not€re„evaluate€theÏevidence€nor€substitute€its€inferences€for€those€drawn€by€the€trier€of€fact€from€theÏevidence.€€òòFarmer€v.€Stateóó,€574€S.W.2d€49€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978);€òòState€v.Ð Xø ÐGravesóó,€493€S.W.2d€474€(Tenn.€1973).€€A€jury€verdict,€approved€by€the€trial€judge,Ð $Ä Ðaccredits€the€testimony€of€the€state's€witnesses€and€resolves€all€conflicts€in€theÏtestimony€in€favor€of€the€theory€of€the€state.€€òòState€v.€Hatchettóó,€560€S.W.2d€627,€630Ð ¼ \ Ð(Tenn.€1978).€€A€conviction€may€only€be€set€aside€when€the€reviewing€court€findsÏthat€the€"evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€finding€by€the€trier€of€fact€of€guiltÏbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt."€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13€(e);€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.Ð  &À  Ð307€(1979).€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àOne€"who€intentionally€or€knowingly€causes€another€to€reasonably€fearÏimminent€bodily€injury"€and€either€"causes€serious€bodily€injury€to€another"€or€"usesÏor€displays€a€deadly€weapon"€commits€an€aggravated€assault.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ïðððð39„13„101,€„102.€€Here,€of€course,€Ms.€Harris€testified€that€the€defendant€pointedÏand€attempted€to€fire€a€gun€into€her€chest€from€less€than€a€foot€away.€€SheÏexpressed€her€fear€to€Deputy€Heflin€and€exhibited€fear€by€hiding€from€the€defendantÏon€the€outside€of€their€residence.€€Circumstances€warranted€a€finding€that€the€fearÏwas€reasonable.€€The€jury€also€acted€within€its€prerogative€by€rejecting€theÐ 8¸.4 Ðdefendant's€assertion€that€he€possessed€the€weapon€for€suicide€purposes€only€andÏby€accepting€the€theory€of€the€state.€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä à"Rape"€is€the€"unlawful€sexual€penetration€of€a€victim€...€accompaniedÏby€...€force€or€coercion....€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„503(a)(1).€€"Coercion"€may€beÏaccomplished€through€the€use€of€parental€or€custodial€authority€of€a€child€less€thanÏfifteen€years€of€age.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„501(1).€€The€defendant,€theÏstepfather€of€the€victim,€penetrated€her€once€when€she€was€thirteen€years€old.€€TheÏvictim€lived€in€his€residence€at€the€time€and€qualified€as€being€in€his€custody.€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àA€"rape€of€a€child€is€the€unlawful€sexual€penetration€of€a€victim€by€theÏdefendant€...€if€such€victim€is€less€than€thirteen€years€of€age."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÏ39„13„522(a).€€The€victim€was€only€twelve€at€the€end€of€the€school€year€€in€1995Ïwhen€the€first€penetration€occurred.€€Thus,€all€of€the€elements€of€the€crime€of€rape€ofÏa€child€were€established€by€the€proof.ÌÌà Œ àà ä àSexual€battery,€a€Class€E€felony,€"is€unlawful€sexual€contact€with€aÏvictim€by€the€defendant€...€accompanied€by€...€force€or€coercion...."€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðððð€39„13„503(a)(1),€„505(a)(b).€€Attempt,€which€would€reduce€sexual€battery€toÏa€Class€A€misdemeanor,€is€defined€by€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„12„101.€€The€proofÏwas€that€the€defendant€pulled€down€the€victim's€shorts€at€3:45€A.M.€in€the€morningÏwhile€everyone€else€in€the€household€was€asleep.€€The€victim€stood,€"silently€crying,"Ïaccording€to€Ms.€Harris.€€These€and€other€circumstances€five€days€before€when€theÏdefendant€raped€the€victim€corroborated€sexual€aggression€on€the€part€of€theÏdefendant.€€An€attempt€is€committed€when,€acting€with€the€kind€of€culpabilityÏotherwise€required€for€the€offense,€a€defendant€"acts€with€intent€to€cause€a€resultÏthat€is€an€element€of€the€offense,€and€believes€that€the€conduct€will€cause€the€resultÐ 8¸.4 Ðwithout€further€conduct€on€the€person's€part"€or€"acts€with€intent€to€complete€aÏcourse€of€action€or€cause€a€result€that€would€constitute€the€offense,€under€theÏcircumstances€surrounding€the€conduct€œas›€the€person€believes€them€to€be,€and€theÏconduct€constitutes€a€substantial€step€toward€the€commission€of€the€offense."€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€39„12„101(a)(2),€(3).€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àThe€evidence€is€sufficient€as€to€each€of€the€crimes.€€ÌÌà@¢¢/ÚàIIˆÌà Œ àà ä àNext,€the€defendant€claims€that€the€sentence€is€excessive.€€In€itsÏappeal,€the€state€claims€the€sentence€was€inadequate€because€the€trial€judgeÏestablished€a€Range€I,€thirty€percent€release€eligibility€for€the€rape€of€a€childÏsentence.€€Ìà Œ àÌÔ‡Xc‹XX Xc‹Ôà Œ àà ä àWhen€there€is€a€challenge€to€the€length,€range,€or€manner€of€service€ofÐ ˆ"( Ða€sentence,€it€is€the€duty€of€this€court€to€conduct€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€with€aÐ T$ô Ðpresumption€that€the€determinations€made€by€the€trial€court€are€correct.€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€This€presumption€is€"conditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showingÏin€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevantÏfacts€and€circumstances."€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991);€òòseeóóÐ „+$"& ÐòòState€v.€Jonesóó,€883€S.W.2d€597€(Tenn.€1994).€€The€Sentencing€CommissionÐ P-ð#( ÐComments€provide€that€the€burden€is€on€the€defendant€to€show€the€impropriety€ofÏthe€sentence.€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àOur€review€requires€an€analysis€of€(1)€the€evidence,€if€any,€received€atÏthe€trial€and€sentencing€hearing;€(2)€the€presentence€report;€(3)€the€principles€ofÏsentencing€and€the€arguments€of€counsel€relative€to€sentencing€alternatives;€(4)€theÐ 8¸.4 Ðnature€and€characteristics€of€the€offense;€(5)€any€mitigating€or€enhancing€factors;€(6)Ïany€statements€made€by€the€defendant€in€his€own€behalf;€and€(7)€the€defendant'sÏpotential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€€40„35„102,€„103,€and€„¼210;€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€735€S.W.2d€859,€863€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).€Ð Äd ÐÌÔ#† Xc‹XXXc‹è=#Ôà Œ àà ä àAt€the€time€of€these€offenses,€the€presumptive€sentence€was€theÐ \ü  Ðminimum€in€the€range.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(c)€(amended€effective€July€1,Ï1995€to€make€the€presumptive€sentence€for€a€Class€A€felony€the€midpoint€in€theÏrange).€€Should€the€trial€court€find€mitigating€and€enhancement€factors,€it€must€startÏat€the€presumptive€minimum€in€the€range€and€enhance€the€sentence€based€uponÏany€applicable€enhancement€factors,€then€reduce€the€sentence€based€upon€anyÏappropriate€mitigating€factors.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(e).€€The€weight€givenÏto€each€factor€is€within€the€trial€court's€discretion€provided€that€the€record€supportsÏits€findings€and€it€complies€with€the€Sentencing€Act.€€òòSeeóó€€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€atÐ ¼ \ Ð169.€€The€trial€court,€however,€should€make€specific€findings€on€the€record€whichÏindicate€its€application€of€the€sentencing€principles.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€40„35„209Ïand€„210.€Ô‡Xc‹XX Xc‹ÔÐ  &À  ÐÔ#† Xc‹XXXc‹˜G#ÔÌà Œ àà ä àAs€a€Range€I€offender,€the€defendant€was€eligible€for€a€sentence€ofÏfifteen€to€twenty„five€years€for€rape€of€a€child.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„13„522(b);Ï40„35„112(a)(1).€€Because€the€offense€occurred€in€May€of€1995,€the€presumptiveÏsentence€is€the€minimum€within€the€range.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(c).€€In€theÏimposition€of€the€twenty„two„year€sentence,€the€trial€court€determined€that€thereÏwere€two€enhancement€factors:€€(1)€that€the€crime€was€committed€to€gratify€theÏdefendant's€desire€for€pleasure€or€excitement;€and€(2)€that€the€defendant€abused€aÏposition€of€private€trust.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(7),€(15).€€A€mitigating€factorÏwas€that€the€defendant€neither€caused€nor€threatened€serious€bodily€injury€to€theÐ 8¸.4 Ðchild€victim.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(1).€€The€defendant€contends€that€theÏ"gratification"€enhancement€factor€was€improperly€applied€because€the€state,€whichÏhas€the€burden€of€demonstrating€that€the€rape€was€sexually€motivated,€failed€toÏmeet€its€burden€of€proof€in€accordance€with€the€ruling€in€òòState€v.€Adamsóó,€864Ð Äd ÐS.W.2d€31€(Tenn.€1993).€€In€response,€the€state€asserts€that€the€trial€court€did€notÏrely€heavily€on€the€first€enhancement€factor€and€gave€little€weight€to€the€mitigatingÏfactor.€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àPleasure€or€excitement€is€not€an€essential€part€of€the€crime€of€rape.€ÏFor€that€reason,€a€sentence€may€be€enhanced€if€that€factor€is€present.€€òòState€v.Ð Œ, ÐHoytóó,€928€S.W.2d€935€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€€The€state€has€the€burden€ofÐ Xø Ðdemonstrating€that€the€rape€was€due€to€a€sexual€desire.€€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€910€S.W.2dÐ $Ä Ð457€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€In€our€view,€the€repetition€of€acts€of€a€sexual€natureÏsuggest€a€desire€for€pleasure€or€excitement.€€Use€of€a€condom€in€a€subsequent€act€Ìand€his€implementation€of€methods€designed€to€avoid€detection€by€Ms.€Harris€alsoÏsuggest€a€planned€criminal€act€undertaken€for€sexual€pleasure.€€Overall,€theÏcircumstances€reflected€by€the€record€warrant€application€of€the€factor.€€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àA€Range€I€sentence€for€rape€is€between€eight€and€twelve€years.€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðððð€39„13„503(b);€40„35„112(a)(2).€€The€presumption€is€the€minimumÏsentence€within€the€range.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(c).€€The€trial€court€foundÏtwo€enhancement€factors:€€(1)€the€crime€was€committed€to€gratify€the€defendant'sÏdesire€for€pleasure€and€excitement;€and€(2)€œthe€defendant€abused›€œa€position›€ofÏprivate€trust.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(7),€(15).€€The€trial€court€also€found€aÏmitigating€factor,€that€the€defendant€neither€caused€nor€threatened€serious€bodilyÏinjury€to€the€victim.€€Again,€the€defendant€contends€that€the€state€failed€to€submitÏproof€on€the€second€enhancement€factor.€€In€response,€the€state€asserts€that€theÐ 8¸.4 Ðtrial€court€imposed€a€ten„year€sentence€based€primarily€on€abuse€of€a€position€ofÏprivate€trust€and€that€little€weight€was€given€to€the€mitigating€factor.€€For€reasonsÏpreviously€stated,€we€believe€the€"gratification"€factor€should€apply.€€€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àAs€a€Range€I€offender,€the€defendant€was€eligible€for€a€sentence€ofÏthree€to€six€years€for€aggravated€assault.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„102(b);€ðð€40„35„¼112(a)(3).€€The€trial€court€determined€that€use€of€a€firearm€was€an€enhancementÏfactor€and€thus€imposed€a€four„year€sentence.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(9).€ÏBecause€the€use€of€a€deadly€weapon€is€an€element€of€aggravated€assault,€the€stateÏhas€conceded€that€the€factor€was€inappropriately€applied.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„¼13„103;€òòState€v.€Treanous€L.€Davisóó,€No.€01C01„9507„CR„00226€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,Ð Xø Ðat€Nashville,€Feb.€29,€1996).€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àThe€state€nonetheless€asserts€that€a€four„year€sentence€is€appropriateÏbecause€the€circumstances€would€have€warranted€the€application€of€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€40„35„114(3):€that€the€offense€involved€more€than€one€victim.€€The€stateÏargues€that€the€assault€of€Diane€Harris€endangered€the€two€children€present.€€WeÏagree€with€the€state.€€The€defendant€attempted€to€fire€the€weapon€when€childrenÏwere€present.€€Even€after€the€escape€by€Ms.€Harris€and€her€daughter,€the€defendantÏremained€armed€and€sought€their€return.€€The€other€children€still€in€the€residenceÏwere€at€risk.€€Because€an€enhancement€factor€is€present,€a€four„year€sentence€isÏappropriate.€€€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àFinally,€the€defendant€argues€that€consecutive€sentencing€isÏunnecessary.€€Ô‡Xc‹XX Xc‹ÔPrior€to€the€enactment€of€the€Criminal€Sentencing€Reform€Act€ofÐ €4 +0 Ð1989,€the€limited€classifications€for€the€imposition€of€consecutive€sentences€were€setÏout€in€òòGray€v.€Stateóó,€538€S.W.2d€391,€393€(Tenn.€1976).€€In€that€case€our€supremeÐ 8¸.4 Ðcourt€ruled€that€aggravating€circumstances€must€be€present€before€placement€in€anyÏone€of€the€classifications.€€Later,€in€òòState€v.€Tayloróó,€739€S.W.2d€227€(Tenn.€1987),Ð , Ì Ðthe€court€established€an€additional€category€for€those€defendants€convicted€of€two€orÏmore€statutory€offenses€involving€sexual€abuse€of€minors.€€There€were,€however,Ïadditional€words€of€caution:€€"[C]onsecutive€sentences€should€not€routinely€beÏimposed€.€.€.€and€.€.€.€the€aggregate€maximum€of€consecutive€terms€must€beÏreasonably€related€to€the€severity€of€the€offenses€involved."€€òòState€v.€Tayloróó,€739Ð (È  ÐS.W.2d€at€230.€€The€Sentencing€Commission€Comments€adopted€the€cautionaryÏlanguage.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115.€€The€1989€Act€is,€in€essence,€theÏcodification€of€the€holdings€in€òòGrayóó€and€òòTayloróó;€consecutive€sentences€may€beÐ Œ, Ðimposed€in€the€discretion€of€the€trial€court€only€upon€a€determination€that€one€orÏmore€of€the€following€criteria׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€exist:Ð $Ä ÐÓÓà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#à(1)€The€defendant€is€a€professional€criminal€who€hasÏknowingly€devoted€himself€to€criminal€acts€as€a€majorÏsource€of€livelihood;Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#à(2)€€The€defendant€is€an€offender€whose€record€ofÏcriminal€activity€is€extensive;Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#à(3)€The€defendant€is€a€dangerous€mentally€abnormalÏperson€so€declared€by€a€competent€psychiatrist€whoÏconcludes€as€a€result€of€an€investigation€prior€toÏsentencing€that€the€defendant's€criminal€conduct€hasÏbeen€characterized€by€a€pattern€of€repetitive€orÏcompulsive€behavior€with€heedless€indifference€toÏconsequences;Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#à(4)€The€defendant€is€a€dangerous€offender€whoseÏbehavior€indicates€little€or€no€regard€for€human€life,€andÏno€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€in€which€the€riskÏto€human€life€is€high;€€€€à D à€€€€Ð/¼%*ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#à(5)€€The€defendant€is€convicted€of€two€(2)€or€moreÏstatutory€offenses€involving€sexual€abuse€of€a€minor€withÏconsideration€of€the€aggravating€circumstances€arisingÏfrom€the€relationship€between€the€defendant€and€victimÏor€victims,€the€time€span€of€defendant's€undetectedÏsexual€activity,€the€nature€and€scope€of€the€sexual€actsÐ f5,1 Ðand€the€extent€of€the€residual,€physical€and€mentalÏdamage€to€the€victim€or€victims;Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#à(6)€€The€defendant€is€sentenced€for€an€offenseÏcommitted€while€on€probation;Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#à(7)€€The€defendant€is€sentenced€for€criminal€contempt.Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌÓ`_ÓTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b).ÌÌà Œ àà ä àIn€òòGrayóó,€our€supreme€court€ruled€that€before€consecutive€sentencingÐ (È  Ðcould€be€imposed€upon€the€dangerous€offender,€as€now€defined€by€subsectionÏ(b)(4)€in€the€statute,€other€conditions€must€be€present:€€(a)€that€the€crimes€involvedÏaggravating€circumstances;€(b)€that€consecutive€sentences€are€a€necessary€meansÏto€protect€the€public€from€the€defendant;€and€(c)€that€the€term€reasonably€relates€toÏthe€severity€of€the€offenses.ÌÌà Œ àà ä àIn€òòState€v.€Wilkersonóó,€905€S.W.2d€933,€938€(Tenn.€1995),€our€highÐ ¼ \ Ðcourt€reaffirmed€those€principles,€holding€that€consecutive€sentences€cannot€beÏrequired€of€the€dangerous€offender€"unless€the€terms€reasonably€relate[]€to€theÏseverity€of€the€offenses€committed€and€are€necessary€in€order€to€protect€the€publicÏ(society)€from€further€criminal€acts€by€those€persons€who€resort€to€aggravatedÏcriminal€conduct."€€The€òòWilkersonóó€decision,€which€modified€somewhat€the€strictÐ ¸)X $ Ðfactual€guidelines€for€consecutive€sentencing€adopted€in€òòState€v.€Woodsóó,€814Ð „+$"& ÐS.W.2d€378,€380€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991),€described€sentencing€as€a€"humanÏprocess€that€neither€can€nor€should€be€reduced€to€a€set€of€fixed€and€mechanicalÏrules."€€òòState€v.€Wilkersonóó,€905€S.W.2d€at€938.€€The€record€must€show€that€theÐ è0ˆ', Ðsentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances€were€consideredÏbefore€the€presumption€of€correctness€applies.€€€€Ô#† Xc‹XXXc‹ÕY#ÔÐ €4 +0 МР L6ì,2 Лà Œ àà ä àThe€trial€court€imposed€consecutive€sentencing€because€the€defendantÏhad€been€convicted€of€two€or€more€statutory€offenses€involving€a€sexual€abuse€of€aÏminor.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(5).€€That€the€defendant€was€the€stepfatherÏof€the€minor€victim€was€the€essential€concern€of€the€trial€court.€€That€the€activity€hadÏbeen€repeated€and€that€the€victim€suffered€emotionally€as€a€result€were€alsoÏconcerns.€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àObviously,€there€was€a€statutory€basis€for€the€consecutive€sentences.€ÏIn€our€view,€the€trial€court€acted€within€its€discretion€in€requiring€that€two€of€the€fourÏsentences€be€consecutive.€€Both€of€the€œconsecutively›€œsentenced›€crimes€were€of€aÏserious€nature€and€committed€against€a€particularly€vulnerable€victim.€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àThe€state€has€asked€for€a€resentencing€based€upon€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ïðð€œ39„13„523ñs ñ(b):ñs ññt ñ€which€was€enacñt ññu ññt ñat3dñt ññu ññv ñted€in€1992:€ñv ñ›ÌÓÓœà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#à(b)€€Notwithstanding€any€provision€of€law€to€the€contrary,Ïa€multiple€rapist€or€a€child€rapist€...€shall€be€required€toÏserve€the€entire€sentence€imposed€by€the€courtÏundiminished€by€any€sentence€reduction€credits€suchÏperson€may€be€eligible€for€or€earn....€€Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#à(c)€€The€provisions€of€title€40,€chapter€€35,€part€5,€relativeÏto€release€eligibility€status€and€parole€shall€not€apply€to€orÏauthorize€the€release€of€a€multiple€rapist€or€child€rapist,Ïas€defined€in€subsection€(a),€prior€to€the€service€of€theÏentire€sentence€imposed€by€the€court.€€Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌÓÓTennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€40„35„501,€et€seq.,€governs€the€authority€to€release€aÏdefendant€on€parole.€€In€1992,€that€portion€of€our€code€provided€that€a€"felonyÏsentence€to€the€Department€of€Correction€...€shall€be€served€according€to€thisÏchapter.€€An€inmate€shall€not€be€eligible€for€parole€until€reaching€his€release€eligibilityÏdate...."€€ñ{ ññx ñtñx ññz ñcañz ññ{ ññ{ ñTenn.€Code€Ann.€ñ{ ññ| ññz ñ€ñz ññ| ñðð€40„35„501(ñ} ñañ} ññ~ ñcñ~ ñ)ñ ñ(1)ñ ññ€ ññ ñ€ñ ññ€ ññ ñ.€€ñ ñ€ñ‚ ñSñ‚ ññƒ ññ‚ ñsñ‚ ññƒ ññ„ ñubsection€(c)€ñ„ ñestablishes€releaseÏeligibility€at€30%€for€a€Range€I€standard€offender.€€ñ… ñòòñ… ññ‡ ññ† ñidñ† ññ‡ ññˆ ñId.óóñˆ ññŠ ññ‰ ñ€€ñ‰ ññŠ ññ‹ ñ€€ñ‹ ññˆ ññ… ñóóñ… ññˆ ñThe€language€of€the€childÐ L6ì,2 Ðrape€statute,€subsection€(c),€provides€that€"title€40,€chapter€35,€part€5,€relative€toÐ 8¸.4 Ðrelease€eligibility€status€and€parole€shall€not€...€authorize€the€release€of€a€...€childÏrapist€...€prior€to€service€of€the€entire€sentence€imposed€by€the€court."€€ñ ñTenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€39„13„523(2)(c).€€ñ ñIn€our€view,€a€child€rapist€is€not€entitled€to€be€released€onÏparole.€ñŒ ñ€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„¼523(2)(c).€€ñŒ ñ›ÌÌà Œ àà ä àThe€trial€court€imposed€all€three€sentences€at€the€same€time.€€ItÏintended€under€these€circumstances€an€effective€sentence€of€thirty„two€years.€ÏBecause€the€trial€court€was€in€error€in€determining€release€eligibility€on€the€longest€ofÏthe€individual€sentences,€this€court€deems€it€appropriate€for€the€matter€to€beÏremanded€for€a€new€sentencing€hearing€on€each€count.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Roy€DonÐ Œ, ÐGibsonóó,€No.€02C01„9604„CC„00117€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Jackson,€June€25,€1997),Ð Xø Ðòòapp.€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€Feb.€23,€1998).€€The€trial€court€must€establish€sentences€onÐ $Ä Ðeach€count€that,€when€taken€together,€reflect€the€purposes€and€principles€of€theÏ1989€Act.€€òòId.Ð ¼ \ ÐÌà Œ àà ä àóóIn€summary,€the€judgments€of€conviction€are€affirmed.€€The€œcauses›€areÐ T$ô Ðremanded€for€resentencing.€€ÌÌñ‹ ñœñ‹ ñÓÓà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D à________________________________Ìà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àGary€R.€Wade,€Judge€ÌÌœCONCUR:›ÌÌÌÌ_____________________________ÌThomas€T.€Woodall,€JudgeÌÌÌÌ_____________________________ÌL.T.€Lafferty,€Special€Judge€