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SN\  `&Times New RomanS7Z(X7&  d d?)1dxd<:zTop of For7B(X7  ?O%2A`Arial?  SN\  `&Times New RomanS7Z(X7?)2dxd0KS.SampleKM<6X9`(Courier NewKSN\  `&Times New RomanS0.Strong 8dl6TypewriterKM<6X9`(Courier NewKSN\  `&Times New RomanS42Variable: 8HTML MarkupB      2 0CommentB   35;AGMSY_11.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.(O$3#37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)Ki)<6X9`(Courier New\  `&Times New Roman%2A`Arialr#-s (|G2C $ !.8C=dd8         0  EYo) ʨ3|x dU(|3x$ !.8C=dd8     VVVV'dxd)!dxdx( $ Figure  1  (#$  0  ^_X`YE<<CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3x$ !.8C=dd8     ($$   1  X[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8C HKKKK   RC $      1  E  _Wenotethatthedefendantsfirstnameappearsintherecordasboth _Larenzo_and Lorenzo.Itisthepolicy  ofthiscourt,however,tospellthedefendantsnameasitappearsontheindictment. !.8C=dd8     _   C=8!XXdd8@ttN,C=INTHECOURTOFCRIMINALAPPEALSOFTENNESSEE  @%ATJACKSON#C=N, #Ԉ &    @  @` July9,2002Session L X!XC= #C=XX!#STATEOFTENNESSEEv.LARENZODESHAWNHARRISX!XC= c \#  1       J @@ DirectAppealfromtheCircuitCourtforCarrollCounty  J @@No.01CR1682C.CreedMcGinley,Judge  6 @@*AV) ` dE<` A   @@TTNo.W200102626CCAR3CDFiledAugust30,_2002_   AV) ` dE<|` A }     ThedefendantwasconvictedofpossessionofaScheduleIIcontrolledsubstancewiththeintentto x  manufacture,deliver,orsell,aClassBfelony;possessionofaScheduleVIcontrolledsubstancewith d theintenttomanufacture,deliver,orsell,aClassEfelony;andpossessionofdrugparaphernalia, P aClassAmisdemeanor.Followingthedenialofhismotionforanewtrial,hefiledatimelyappeal < tothiscourt,challengingthesufficiencyoftheevidenceinsupportofhisconvictions.Weaffirm (x thedefendantsconvictions.However,becausethejuryassessed,andthetrialcourtimposed,afine d forpossessionofaScheduleVIcontrolledsubstancethatexceedsthestatutorymaximum,we P remandthecasetothetrialcourtforanewjurytobeimpaneledtoassessanappropriatefinein < Count2andforentryofacorrectedjudgmentastothepossessionofdrugparaphernaliaconviction ( inCount3.#C=XX!#X!XC=   Tenn.R.App.P.3AppealasofRight;JudgmentoftheCircuitCourtAffirmedand  Remanded     #C=X!w #X!X.C=AlanE.Glenn,J.,deliveredtheopinionofthecourt,inwhichJohnEverettWilliamsand ` NormaMcGeeOgle,JJ.,joined. L  StephenD.Jackson,Jackson,Tennessee,fortheappellant,LarenzoDeshawnHarris. $"t! PaulG.Summers,AttorneyGeneralandReporter;MichaelE.Moore,SolicitorGeneral;Michael #L# W.Catalano,AssociateSolicitorGeneral;G.RobertRadford,DistrictAttorneyGeneral;andEleanor $8 $ Cahill,AssistantDistrictAttorneyGeneral,fortheappellee,StateofTennessee. %$!% I   '"' @@OO& OPINION #C=XX!x #X!XC=  #C=XX!l #  X!XC=  OnJanuary11,2001,Huntingdonpoliceofficers,actingonatipfromaconfidential  informantthatthedefendant,LarenzoDeshawnHarris,wassellingcocaineandmarijuanafromhis t residence,executedasearchwarrantat199SixthAvenueinHuntingdon.Amongotheritemsthe ` officersuncoveredinthesearchwere3.1gramsofcocaine,37.2gramsofmarijuana,$375incash, L  plasticziplocksandwichbags,andasetofhandscales.Thedefendantwasarrestedatthescene, 8  andsubsequentlyindictedononecountofpossessionofaScheduleIIcontrolledsubstance(cocaine) $ t withtheintenttomanufacture,deliver,orsell,aClassBfelony;onecountofpossessionofa  ` ScheduleVIcontrolledsubstance(marijuana)withtheintenttomanufacture,deliver,orsell,aClass  L  Efelony;andonecountofpossessionofdrugparaphernaliawiththeintenttouse,aClassA  8  misdemeanor. $    SergeantJohnnyHilloftheHuntingdonPoliceDepartmenttestifiedatthedefendants   September7,2001,trialthathewasacriminalinvestigatorwithyearsofexperienceandtrainingin   thedetectionofdrugs.Hesaidthatheobtainedthesearchwarrantforthedefendantsresidence   basedonthetipfromtheconfidentialinformant,whohadprovidedreliableinformationinthepast, p andontheobservationsofpoliceofficers,whohadwatchedthehouseforseveraldaysandseena \ largeamountoftrafficcomingandgoingfromthefrontdoor.Heandfellowofficersarrivedto H executethewarrantatapproximately10:30p.m.onJanuary11,2001,pullingtheirvehicleintothe 4 frontyardoftheresidenceandsteppingfromitdirectlyontotheporch.  p   Thedefendantmettheofficersatthefrontdoor,andwasdirectedtositonalivingroom H couch.Anotherindividualwhowaspresentinthehousewhentheofficersenteredrantowardthe 4 back,andanofficerfollowedher.SergeantHillremainedinthelivingroom,keepinghiseyeson   thedefendant.Asthedefendantsatdown,SergeantHillnoticedhimbenddownandreachunder   thecouchwithonehand,inamotionthatSergeantHillinterpretedasplacinganitemunderthe  couch.WhenSergeantHilllookedintheareawherethedefendanthadreached,hefound two..  .smallplasticbagsrolledupwithsomecrackcocaineinthem.SergeantHillsaidthatthetotal  weightofthecocaine,whichwaspackagedseparately,was3.1grams,whichisaboutthesizeof l whatiscommonlyreferredtoasan 8ballofcocaine.Heexplainedthattheusualpracticeisfor X  smallersizedrocks,oftenaboutonetwentiethofagram,tobebrokenoffalargereightballfor D! individualsale.Heestimatedthatthetotalstreetvalueofthedrugwas 12hundreddollarsor 0"  more. #l!   Inadditiontothecocaine,SergeantHillalsofoundfourteensmallsandwichbagsof $D # marijuana,packagedinthetypicalmannerforindividualsale,togetherinsidealargerplasticbagthat %0!$ wasunderneaththecushiononwhichthedefendantwassitting.Hesaidthatthetotalvalueofthe &"% marijuana,at$20perbag,wasapproximately$280.Officersalsoseized$375incashfromthe '#& defendantsperson.SergeantHilltestifiedthathehadknownthedefendantforsometime,andthat, (#' tohisknowledge,hehadneverhadajob.Otheritemsuncoveredinthesearchwereapartially )$( smoked blunt,(i.e.,marijuanarolledupintoapieceoftobacco),severalemptyplasticziplock |*%) bagssimilartotheonesinwhichthemarijuanawaspackaged,asetofhandscalesusedtoweigh h+&* marijuana,andasmalltwowayradio.SergeantHilltestifiedthatpoliceofficerswereincreasingly  findingtwowayradiosusedinthedrugtradeasamethodfor lookoutstoradiowarningstodrug  dealersaboutthepresenceandactivitiesofpoliceofficers.Hesaidthatthehandscalesandsome  oftheplasticziplockbagswerediscoveredinabedroomthatcontainedamansclothingandajail t propertybagwiththedefendantsnameonit.Otherplasticbagswerediscoveredinthekitchen,and ` thepartiallysmokedbluntwasdiscoveredinsideasmallboxthatwasinanotherbedroom.Theonly L  otherindividualspresentinthehomewhenthesearchwasconductedwerethedefendantsmother, 8  StephanieHarris,andthedefendantssister.Neitherhadgonenearthecouchwherethecocaineand $ t marijuanawerefound.Thedefendantsmotherwaschargedasacodefendantinthecase,and  ` subsequentlypledguiltytolessercharges.  L    SergeantHilltestifiedoncrossexaminationthatthehousewasrentedtothedefendants $  aunt,anelderlyladywhowasnotpresentwhenthesearchwasexecuted.Tohisknowledgeand   baseduponhisobservationsofthehouseoverthepreviousfewdays,thedefendantwastheonly   adultmalelivinginthehome.Hedidnotobserveanythinginthedefendantshand,eitherwhenthe   defendantmettheofficersatthedoor,orwhenhesatdownonthecouch.Nordidheseethe   defendantreachintohispocketsbeforehemadethegesturethatledSergeantHilltobelievehehad p placedsomethingunderthecouch.SergeantHillagreedheprobablywouldhaveseenthelargebag \ ofmarijuanainthedefendantshandhadthedefendantplaceditunderthecushionaftertheofficers H enteredthehouse.Heacknowledgedthatnoneoftheitemsrecoveredinthesearchwere 4 fingerprinted.Hesaidthatthedefendantsmotherwaschargedasacodefendantapproximatelyone  p weeklaterduetoherknowledgeof,andparticipationin,thedefendantsdrugsellingactivitiesin  \ thehome. H   BrianLeeEaton,aforensicscientistwiththeTennesseeBureauofInvestigationCrime   LaboratoryinJackson,testifiedthathereceivedtwodifferentsubstancestoanalyzeinconnection   withthecase:aplantmaterial,whichhedeterminedtobemarijuana,andarocklikesubstance,  whichhedeterminedtobe3.1gramsofcocaine.Heidentifiedthesubstances,whichwereadmitted  asexhibits.Heacknowledgedoncrossexaminationthathehadnotbeenaskedtoconduct  fingerprintanalysesofthesubstances. l   Thedefendantelectednottotestify,andnowitnesseswerepresentedonhisbehalf.After D! deliberating,thejuryfoundhimguiltyofeachcountoftheindictment,settingfinesof$65,000for 0"  thepossessionofaScheduleIIcontrolledsubstanceconviction,$50,000forthepossessionofa #l! ScheduleVIcontrolledsubstanceconviction,and$500forthepossessionofdrugparaphernalia $X" conviction.Followingasentencinghearing,thetrialcourtsentencedthedefendanttoconcurrent $D # termsofelevenyearsintheDepartmentofCorrectionforpossessionofaScheduleIIcontrolled %0!$ substance,twoyearsintheDepartmentofCorrectionforpossessionofaScheduleVIcontrolled &"%  substance,andelevenmonths,twentyninedaysinthecountyjailforpossessionofdrug '#& paraphernalia. \#  2      ׀Thetrialcourtnotedthatthedefendanthadcommittedtheinstantoffenseswhileon   probationforapriorconvictionforsaleofaScheduleIIcontrolledsubstance.Consequently,the  trialcourtorderedthatthesentencesbeservedconsecutivelytothedefendantssentenceontheprior  drugconviction. t @& ANALYSIS L  @iiSufficiencyoftheEvidence $ t    Thesoleissuethedefendantraisesonappealiswhethertheevidencewassufficientto  L  supporthisconvictions.Whenthesufficiencyoftheconvictingevidenceischallenged,therelevant  8  questionofthereviewingcourtis whether,afterviewingtheevidenceinthelightmostfavorable $  totheprosecution,anyrationaltrieroffactcouldhavefoundtheessentialelementsofthecrime   chargedbeyondareasonabledoubt.Jacksonv.Virginia,443U.S.307,319,99S.Ct.2781,2789,   61L.Ed.2d560(1979);seealsoStatev.Evans,838S.W.2d185,19092(Tenn.1992);Statev.   Anderson,835S.W.2d600,604(Tenn.Crim.App.1992);Tenn.R.App.P.13(e)( Findingsofguilt   incriminalactionswhetherbythetrialcourtorjuryshallbesetasideiftheevidenceisinsufficient p tosupportthefindingsbythetrieroffactofguiltbeyondareasonabledoubt.).Thisruleis \ applicabletofindingsofguiltbasedoncircumstantial,aswellasdirect,evidence.SeeStatev. H Brown,551S.W.2d329,331(Tenn.1977);Farmerv.State,343S.W.2d895,897(Tenn.1961). 4   Indeterminingthesufficiencyoftheevidence,thiscourtdoesnotreweighorreevaluatethe  \ evidence.Statev.Cabbage,571S.W.2d832,835(Tenn.1978);Statev.Hatchett,560S.W.2d627, H 630(Tenn.1978).Neitherdoesthiscourtsubstituteitsinferencesforthoseofthetrieroffactin 4 circumstantialevidencecases.Liakasv.State,286S.W.2d856,859(Tenn.1956);Farmerv.State,   574S.W.2d49,51(Tenn.Crim.App.1978).Tothecontrary,wearerequiredtogivetheStatethe   strongestlegitimateviewoftheevidencecontainedintherecord,aswellasallreasonableinferences  thatcanbedrawnfromitinsupportoftheconvictions.Cabbage,571S.W.2dat835.  ЀX!XXX!  #X!XXX!A:#Allquestionsinvolvingthecredibilityofwitnesses,theweightandvaluetobegiventhe l evidence,andallfactualissuesareresolvedbythetrieroffact.SeeStatev.Pappas,754S.W.2d X  620,623(Tenn.Crim.App.1987). Aguiltyverdictbythejury,approvedbythetrialjudge, D! accreditsthetestimonyofthewitnessesfortheStateandresolvesallconflictsinfavorofthetheory 0"  oftheState.Statev.Grace,493S.W.2d474,476(Tenn.1973).Ajuryconvictionremovesthe #l! presumptionofinnocencewithwhichadefendantisinitiallycloakedandreplacesitwithoneof $X" guilt,sothatonappeal,aconvicteddefendanthastheburdenofdemonstratingthattheevidenceis $D # insufficient.SeeStatev.Tuggle,639S.W.2d913,914(Tenn.1982).X!XXX!Ԁ %0!$   &"%   Thedefendantcontendsthattheevidencewasinsufficienttoprovebeyondareasonable   doubthisactualorconstructivepossessionofthedrugsanddrugparaphernaliafoundinthehome.  Heassertsthattheproofwasnotsufficienttoshowthatheplacedthecocaineunderneaththecouch  orpossessedorevenknewofthemarijuanaunderthecushion.Hefurtherassertsthatthejail t propertybagandmaleclothingfoundinthebedroomwerenotsufficienttoestablishhewasa ` permanentresidentofthehome.Hepointsoutthathismotherpledguiltytopossessingthedrugs L  andparaphernaliafoundinthehome,andarguesthatneitherhismerepresenceatthescene,nor 8  associationwithhismother,issufficienttoshowthathepossessedthecocaine,marijuana,anddrug $ t paraphernaliaatissueinthecase.TheStaterespondsthattheevidencewassufficientforthejury  ` toinferthedefendantsconstructiveandjointpossessionofthedrugsanddrugparaphernaliafound  L  inthehome.  8  #X!XXX!9>#X!XXX!  InordertoconvictthedefendantofpossessionofaScheduleIIcontrolledsubstancewiththe   intenttomanufacture,deliver,orsell,aClassBfelony,theStatehadtoprovethatthedefendant   knowinglypossessedmorethan.5gramsofcocainewiththeintenttomanufacture,deliver,orsell   it.SeeTenn.CodeAnn.3917417(a)(4),(c)(1)(1997).Toconvictthedefendantofpossession   ofaScheduleVIcontrolledsubstancewiththeintenttomanufacture,deliver,orsell,aClassE p felony,theStatehadtoshowthatheknowinglypossessednotlessthanonehalfouncenormorethan \ tenpoundsofmarijuanawiththeintenttomanufacture,deliver,orsellit.SeeTenn.CodeAnn. H 3917417(a)(4),(g)(1)(1997).Finally,toconvicthimofpossessionofdrugparaphernalia,aClass 4 Amisdemeanor,theStatehadtoshowthatheusedorpossessedwiththeintenttousedrug  p paraphernaliato plant,propagate,cultivate,grow,harvest,manufacture,compound,convert,  \ produce,process,prepare,test,analyze,pack,repack,store,contain,conceal,inject,ingest,inhale, H orotherwiseintroduceintothehumanbodyacontrolledsubstance[.]Tenn.CodeAnn.3917 4 425(a)(1)(1997).     #X!XXX!C#Possessionofdrugsanddrugparaphernaliamayoccureitheraloneorjointlywithothers.  SeeStatev.Copeland,677S.W.2d471,476(Tenn.Crim.App.1984).Possessionmayalsobe  constructiveaswellasactual.SeeStatev.Shaw,37S.W.3d900,903(Tenn.2001);Statev.  Transou,928S.W.2d949,95556(Tenn.Crim.App.1996);Statev.Cooper,736S.W.2d125,129 l (Tenn.Crim.App.1987). Constructivepossessionrequiresthatapersonknowinglyhavethepower X  andtheintentionatagiventimetoexercisedominionandcontroloveranobject,eitherdirectlyor D! throughothers.Inessence,constructivepossessionistheabilitytoreduceanobjecttoactual 0"  possession.Copeland,677S.W.2dat476(citationomitted).X!XXX!Ԁ #l!   #X!XXX!QM#Anindividualsmerepresenceinanareainwhichdrugsarefound,orassociationwith $D # anotherindividualinpossessionofdrugs,isnot,alone,sufficienttoestablishconstructive %0!$ possession.Shaw,37S.W.3dat903(citingStatev.Patterson,966S.W.2d435,445(Tenn.Crim. &"% App.1997);Cooper,736S.W.2dat129).Inthiscase,however,therewasevidencetoshowthatthe '#& defendantwasmorethantheuninformedandunawarevisitortothehomeheclaimstohavebeen. (#' Thedefendantwashomewhentheofficersarrivedtoexecutethesearchwarrantandmetthemat )$( thedoor.Mensclothingandajailpropertybagbearingthedefendantsnamewerefoundinone |*%) ofthebedroomsofthehouse.Havingwatchedthehouseforseveraldays,SergeantHillwasnot h+&* awarethatanyothermanlivedatthehome.Thehandscalesusedtoweighmarijuanaandplastic  bagssimilartothoseinwhichthemarijuanawaspackagedwerefoundinthebedroomwhich,from  everyindication,wasthatofthedefendant.Possessionofpremisesinwhichcontrabandisfound  createsaninferencethatthepossessorhadpossessionofthecontraband.SeeTransou,928S.W.2d t at956;Armstrongv.State,548S.W.2d334,336(Tenn.Crim.App.1976).Thecocainewasfound ` underneaththecouchonwhichthedefendantwassitting,intheexactspotwhereSergeantHillhad L  observedhimreaching,andthemarijuanawasfoundalmostdirectlyunderneaththedefendants 8  body,underthecushiononwhichhewassitting.Thisevidencewassufficientforarationaltrierof $ t facttoinferthedefendantsconstructive,jointpossessionwithhismotherofthedrugsanddrug  ` paraphernaliafoundinthehome.  L    Moreover,arationaltrieroffactcouldhavereasonablyconcludedfromtheevidencethatthe $  defendantspossessionofthedrugsanddrugparaphernaliawasforthepurposeofdrugselling   activitieshewasconductingfromthehome.We,therefore,concludethattheevidencewas   sufficienttoconvictthedefendantofpossessionofcocainewiththeintenttomanufacture,deliver,   orsell;possessionofmarijuanawiththeintenttomanufacture,deliver,orsell;andpossessionof   drugparaphernalia.SeeStatev.Ross,49S.W.3d833,846(Tenn.2001)(registrationforand p paymentforhotelroom,plusfindingofdefendantsitemsintheroom,andhispossessionofaroom \ key,resultedininferencethathepossesseddrugsinroom);Patterson,966S.W.2dat445(defendants H onthepremisesandinsameareaswherecocaineanddrugparaphernaliawerefoundconstructively 4 possessedboth).  p   TheStatehasnotedthatthe$50,000fineimposedforthedefendantsconvictionfor H possessionofaScheduleVIcontrolledsubstanceexceedsthemaximumfineof$5000authorized 4 byTennesseeCodeAnnotatedsection3917417(g)(1).BecausetheTennesseeConstitution   provideseverycitizentherighttohaveajuryofhispeersassessanyfineinexcessof$50,seeTenn.   Const.art.VI,14,thiscourtmaynotreducethefinethatwaserroneouslyapprovedandimposed  bythetrialcourt.SeeStatev.Martin,940S.W.2d567,57071(Tenn.1997). However,itis  permissibletoremandthecaseforadeterminationontheissueofthefinealone,sothatdefendant  mayhaveajuryassessafinewithinthestatutorylimits.Statev.JohnWilliamKuhlman,No. l 01C019702CC00059,1998Tenn.Crim.App.LEXIS452,at*9(Tenn.Crim.App.Apr.13, X  1998),perm.toappealdenied(Tenn.Jan.19,1999).Accordingly,weaffirmthedefendants D! convictions,butremandthecasetothetrialcourttoimpanelajurytofixanappropriatefinein 0"  Count2andforentryofacorrectedjudgmentastothepossessionofdrugparaphernaliaconviction #l! inCount3. $X"    `     h     ___________________________________ &"%    `     h     ALANE.GLENN,JUDGE