ÿWPC …# VU:a %› 0(¡w@É4  , J4 ~ U.† 0J´ 0Tþ 0^R 0h° 0r 0|Š 0† 0Œ 1u 0d‘ B)õ DC AMaÍ® B{v~˜vÓ D3é 0@ AO\Æ« 0Dq D/µ Bä˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLlÎ,c½¬AZ‹"Arial RegularX($¡¡ ÐÑUÒDÓUÔDÕUÖU×UØ&eÙÓ€Ô¡¨ BZ3|xâc:\office\wpwin\template\opinion.wpt%ä2¼A`ArialTT2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ% Line 7 d!!!!7Border 1dd€-"Cþÿ << Gÿÿ ÃÝ ƒ!ÝÔ€ ÔÝ  ÝÔ€ ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€ XÔÌÌOctober€24,€1997ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔ  Ôó ó dPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÒ  ion-F Geneva Ò%%%%'ÿÿdxd("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ ÔÝ  Ý›Ò  ÒÒ ° ÒÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ќـ€ÙÓ  ÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑßR€#$"A1-j|` ç `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌAT€NASHVILLEÌÌJUNE€1997€SESSIONÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà àà à)à à€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àNo.€01„C„01„9607„CC„00300Ìà àà àAPPELLEE,à àà àà à)à àÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àSequatchie€CountyÌv.à àà àà àà àà àà à)à àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àThomas€W.€Graham,€JudgeÌGEORGE€WESLEY€HARVILLE,€JR.à à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à à(Aggravated€Assault)Ìà àà àAPPELLANT.à àà à)ÌÌÌÌFOR€THE€APPELLANT:à àà àà àà àFOR€THE€APPELLEE:ÌÌEdward€L.€Boringà àà àà àà àà àJohn€Knox€WalkupÌAttorney€at€Lawà àà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÌP.€O.€Box€381à àà àà àà àà à500€Charlotte€AvenueÌPikeville,€TN€€37367à àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37243„0497ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àDaryl€J.€BrandÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àJ.€Michael€TaylorÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à265€Third€Avenue,€Suite€300Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àDayton,€TN€€37321ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àWill€DunnÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à265€Third€Avenue,€Suite€300Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àDayton,€TN€€37321ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€____________________________________ÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌJoe€B.€Jones,€Presiding€JudgeÌÌÌÇò òÓ  ÓÔ€  ÔÑ7€ëXXdæXXdæ7ÑO€P€I€N€I€O€Nó óÌÓ  ÓÔ€ XÔÌÌÌÓÓà àThe€appellant,€George€W.€Harville,€Jr.,€(defendant),€was€convicted€ofÏaggravated€assault,€a€Class€C€felony,€by€a€jury€of€his€peers.€€The€trial€court€found€theÏdefendant€was€a€standard€offender€and€imposed€a€Range€I€sentence€consisting€of€aÏ$5,000€fine€and€confinement€for€four€(4)€years€in€the€Department€of€Correction.€€In€thisÏCourt,€the€defendant€contends€the€trial€court€committed€error€of€prejudicial€dimensionsÏby€failing€to€suppress€evidence€on€the€ground€the€aggravated€assault€occurred€afterÏan€unlawful€stop€by€a€police€officer.€€After€a€thorough€review€of€the€record,€the€briefsÏsubmitted€by€the€parties,€and€the€law€governing€the€issue€presented€for€review,€it€is€theÏopinion€of€this€Court€that€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€should€be€affirmed.Ìà àThe€State€of€Tennessee€correctly€asserts€the€defendant€has€never€stated€in€theÏmotion€to€suppress,€the€hearing€on€the€motion€to€suppress,€and€the€brief€filed€in€thisÏCourt€€what€evidence€he€sought€to€suppress.€€The€state€is€correct€in€its€conclusionÏbased€upon€the€record€presented€to€this€Court.Ìà àThe€motion€to€suppress€states€in€substance€the€defendant€seeks€to€ð ðsuppressÏcertain€evidenceðð€on€the€ground€Officer€James€C.€Jackson€did€not€possess€sufficientÏinformation€to€justify€the€òòTerryóó€stop€in€question.€€He€claims€ð ðall€evidence€obtainedÏpursuant€to€this€stop€.€.€.€was€tainted€by€this€illegal€seizure€and€should€be€excluded.ðð€ÏHe€seeks€the€entry€of€an€order€ð ðsuppressing€the€evidence€seized€.€.€.€as€the€result€ofÏthis€illegal,€unlawful€and€unreasonable€stop.ðð€€When€this€motion€was€heard€prior€to€theÏtrial,€there€was€no€mention€of€what€evidence€the€defendant€sought€to€suppress.€€TheÏissue€presented€for€review€in€this€case€refers€to€ð ðcertain€evidenceðð€which€should€haveÍbeen€suppressed.€€The€argument€portion€of€the€brief€does€not€allude€to€what€evidenceÏthe€defendant€sought€to€suppress.Ìà àBefore€this€Court€can€adjudicate€the€issue€presented€for€review,€this€Court€mustÏspeculate€as€to€the€nature€of€the€ð ðcertain€evidenceðð€the€defendant€sought€to€suppress.€ÏMoreover,€the€predicate€laid€for€the€suppression€of€the€evidence€rests€on€an€erroneousÏpremise.€€When€Deputy€Jackson€attempted€to€stop€the€defendant,€he€refused€to€stop€inÏobedience€to€the€emergency€lights€and€siren.€€Instead,€the€defendant€came€to€a€stopÏwhen€his€truck€struck€a€mudhole€on€a€dirt€road.€€The€record€reveals€Deputy€JacksonÏdid€not€seize€any€evidence€as€a€direct€result€of€the€alleged€ð ðstop.ðð€Ìà àA€review€of€the€facts€is€necessary€to€establish€the€factual€scenario€whichÏunfolded€on€the€date€in€question.Ìà àDeputy€Jackson,€a€Hamilton€County€deputy€sheriff,€was€preparing€a€report€in€aÏparking€area€across€the€street€from€the€Favorite€Market,€which€is€located€on€U.S.€127Ïin€Hamilton€County.€€He€subsequently€heard€a€driver€of€an€automobile€ð ðlaying€on€theÏhorn.ðð€€He€looked€to€see€why€the€driver€was€blowing€the€horn.€€Deputy€Jackson€sawÏthe€defendant,€who€was€driving€his€pickup€truck,€make€a€wide€right„hand€turn€from€theÏparking€lot€of€the€Favorite€Market€into€the€north„bound€lane€on€U.S.€127.€€When€theÏdefendant€went€into€the€south„bound€lane€while€making€the€turn,€a€person€driving€anÏautomobile€in€the€south„bound€lane€began€honking€his€horn.Ìà àIt€occurred€to€Deputy€Jackson€that€the€defendant€may€be€driving€while€under€theÏinfluence.€€He€decided€to€follow€the€defendant.€€He€observed€the€defendant€weavingÏwithin€his€lane€of€traffic,€ð ðridingðð€the€center€line€of€the€highway€and€driving€onto€theÏcenter€line,€and€failing€to€maintain€a€constant€speed€when€the€defendantððs€lane€wasÍunimpeded.€€Given€these€circumstances€and€the€fact€it€was€raining,€Deputy€JacksonÏdecided€to€stop€the€€defendant€to€determine€if€his€ability€to€operate€the€truck€wasÏimpaired.€€He€activated€the€emergency€lights.€€The€defendant€did€not€stop.€€HeÏactivated€the€siren.€€The€defendant€did€not€stop.€€Ìà àWhen€the€defendant€reached€the€Hamilton€County„Sequatchie€County€line,ÏDeputy€Jackson€alerted€the€dispatcher€he€was€entering€into€Sequatchie€County€andÏhe€would€need€assistance.€€The€dispatcher€notified€Sequatchie€County€lawÏenforcement€officers€of€what€had€occurred€and€asked€the€authorities€to€assist€DeputyÏJackson.Ìà àThe€defendant€turned€onto€a€dirt€road€in€Sequatchie€County,€which€was€in€aÏhorrible€state€of€repair.€€Deputy€Jackson€followed€the€defendant.€€The€defendantÏsubsequently€hit€a€large€mudhole€in€the€road€and€his€pickup€truck€was€disabled.€ÏDeputy€Jackson€ordered€the€defendant,€and€a€passenger,€Robert€W.€King,€to€exit€theÏpickup€truck.€€The€defendant€exited€the€truck.€€Jackson€then€approached€the€truck€withÏhis€weapon€drawn.€€The€defendant€got€back€into€the€truck.€€Jackson€retreated€behindÏhis€cruiser.€€The€defendant€exited€the€truck€a€second€time€and€subsequently€enteredÏthe€truck€again.Ìà àDeputy€Jackson€saw€a€firearm€in€Kingððs€hands.€€Jackson€advised€OfficerÏCulpepper,€a€City€of€Walden€police€officer€who€had€arrived€to€assist€him,€to€take€coverÏbecause€the€passenger€had€a€firearm.€€King€fired€the€weapon€while€inside€the€truck.€€€AÏsecond€shot€was€fired€which€struck€the€rear€of€the€cruiser.€€€Deputy€Jackson€fired€twoÏshots.€€He€struck€one€of€the€tires€on€the€truck€as€the€defendant€was€attempting€to€driveÏaway.€€€The€shooting€ceased.€€King€exited€the€truckÌà àThe€defendant€slid€to€the€middle€of€the€truck€and€reached€for€something.€€HeÏthen€exited€the€truck€and€fled€to€a€wooded€area.€€Jackson€pursued€the€defendant.€€HeÏeventually€saw€a€pistol€in€the€right€back€pocket€of€the€defendantððs€pants.€€While€in€theÏwoods,€Deputy€Jackson€confronted€the€defendant.€€The€defendant€drew€the€pistol€fromÏhis€back€pocket.€€Deputy€Jackson€fired€his€weapon€at€the€defendant.€€He€struck€theÏdefendant.€€However,€the€defendant€began€walking€toward€Deputy€Jackson€with€theÏpistol€in€his€hand.€€Another€officer€who€had€arrived€to€assist€Jackson€tackled€theÏdefendant.€€€€€€€€€Ìà à€€As€previously€stated,€Deputy€Jackson€did€not€seize€any€evidence€after€theÏdefendantððs€truck€struck€the€large€mudhole.€€The€only€evidence€seized€was€incident€toÏthe€arrest€for€what€transpired€after€the€truck€was€immobilized,€namely,€the€aggravatedÏassault.€€This€evidence€did€not€pertain€to€the€defendantððs€operation€of€the€truck.Ìà àThis€Court€is€of€the€opinion€Deputy€Jackson€had€reasonable€and€articulableÏfacts€to€stop€the€defendant€pursuant€to€òòTerry€v.€Ohioóó,€392€U.S.€1,€88€S.Ct.€1868,€20ÏL.Ed.2d€889€(1968).€€Deputy€Jackson€saw€the€defendant€make€a€wide€right€turn€whichÏresulted€in€the€defendantððs€motor€vehicle€crossing€the€center€line€into€the€opposingÏlane€of€traffic.€€He€also€viewed€the€defendantððs€vehicle€weaving€within€its€lane€of€traffic.€ÏThe€defendant€was€ð ðridingðð€the€center€line€and€driving€on€the€line€at€times.€€It€wasÏraining€and€the€highway€was€wet.€€In€short,€these€facts,€coupled€with€all€reasonableÏinferences€and€deductions€which€may€be€drawn€from€these€facts,€were€sufficient€toÏjustify€Deputy€Jackson€stopping€the€defendant€to€determine€whether€his€ability€toÏoperate€a€motor€vehicle€was€impaired.€€The€defendant€did€not€have€the€right€to€resistÏthe€stop€even€if€the€defendant€thought€Deputy€Jackson€did€not€have€the€authority€toÍstop€him.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„16„602(b)€and€ðð€39„11„611(e).€€Ìà àThis€Court€is€further€of€the€opinion€Deputy€Jackson€did€not€ð ðstopðð€the€defendantÏwithin€the€meaning€of€the€law.€€The€defendant€ignored€the€emergency€lights€and€sirenÏactivated€by€Deputy€Jackson.€€The€only€reason€the€defendant€came€to€a€stop€wasÏbecause€his€truck€became€stuck€in€a€mudhole€in€the€road.€Ìà àAssuming,€òòarguendoóó,€Deputy€Jackson€did€not€possess€reasonable€andÏarticulable€facts€to€justify€the€stop,€this€fact,€standing€alone,€does€not€afford€theÏdefendant€relief€from€his€conviction.€€It€is€a€well„established€rule€of€law€in€thisÏjurisdiction€that€there€is€no€constitutional€immunity€from€an€unlawful€stop€or€arrest.€€òòSeeóóÏòòState€v.€Manningóó,€490€S.W.2d€512,€514€(Tenn.€1973);€òòState€v.€Milleróó,€608€S.W.2d€158,Ï160€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1980);€òòRobinson€v.€Stateóó,€517€S.W.2dÏ768,€772€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòcertóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1974).€€In€addition,€the€fact€there€wasÏan€illegal€stop€or€arrest€does€not€warrant€the€total€exclusion€of€what€takes€place€afterÏthe€illegal€stop€or€arrest.€€This€is€particularly€true€of€crimes€committed€subsequent€toÏthe€illegal€stop€or€arrest.€€Such€conduct€is€not€obtained€as€a€result€of€the€exploitation€ofÏthe€illegal€stop€or€arrest.€€òòBrown€v.€Anchorageóó,€680€P.2d€100€(Alaska€1984)€(assault€onÏa€police€officer);€òòCooper€v.€Stateóó,€No.€12„93„00318„CR,€1997€WL€287619€(Tex.€Ct.ÏApp.,€at€Tyler,€May€29,€1997).€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Mayorgaóó,€876€S.W.2d€176€(Tex.€Ct.€App.Ï1994);€òòRoberts€v.€Stateóó,€711€P.2d€1131€(Wyo.€1985);€òòEllison€v.€Stateóó,€410€A.2d€519Ï(Del.€Super.€Ct.€1979),€òòcertóó.€òòdeniedóó,€455€U.S.€1026,€102€S.Ct.€1730,€72€L.Ed.2d€147Ï(1982).€Thus,€the€evidence€pertaining€to€the€aggravated€assault€committed€againstÏDeputy€Jackson,€which€occurred€after€the€alleged€stop,€was€admissible€as€evidence€inÏthis€prosecution€for€this€offense.ÌÌÌÓÓÌà àà àà àà àà à____________________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à€€JOE€B.€JONES,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÌÌÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌÌ______________________________________Ìà à€€WILLIAM€M.€BARKER,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌÌ______________________________________Ìà àTHOMAS€T.€WOODALL,€JUDGEà à