ÿWPCK$ …# VU:a %› 0 D¡w@å4% 9 0ˆH 0DÐ 0J 0T^ 0^² 0h 0rx 0|ê 0†f 0ì | 1u„ 0dù B]U*zB)¤DCÍ AM D3]Ÿ 0@ ¾àž^-#‹§®v~UvÓÓ AO¦"Æõ" 0D»# D/ÿ# B.$˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLüÏ,c½¬AZ‹"Arial RegularX(ñÄ$¡¡Ò€°ÒÒX°Ò _¤e` a DbDcdefEghÓ€³†;$3|xq(8(3Åå$¤¤Ý ƒñÄ!ÝÒ€°ÒÒX°ÒÝ  Ýà Ø àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d''''7Border 1dd€-(Cþÿ << Gÿÿ'ÿÿdxd Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€&ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÔ€&ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€&XÔÌÌJulyÏ2,Ï1998ÌÌCecilÏW.ÏCrowsonÌAppellateÏCourtÏClerkÔ  Ôó ó ÷Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€&ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€&ôÔThe€breath€test€was€conducted€on€the€Intoximeter›€3,000.Ì("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò ´Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€&ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€&ôÔBoth€Denise€Wilkerson›€and€Denise€œMusgrave›€worked€at€Moogieððs€restaurant€and€had€seen€theÏappellant€there€in€the€past.€€They€both€testified€that€they€were€not€working,€but€were€eating€at€theÏrestaurant€on€the€night€of€appellantððs€arrest.Ì …Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€&ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€&ôÔThe€appellant€filed€a€pre„trial€motion€to€suppress€the€blood€alcohol€evidence;€however,€the€trialÏcourt€denied€the€motion€upon€finding€that€Officer€Harmon€complied€with€the€observation€requirement.€Ì TÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€&ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€&ôÔOfficer€Harmon€testified€that€during€the€twenty€(20)€minute€observation,€the€appellant€did€notÏvomit,€smoke,€belch,€or€put€anything€into€his€mouth.€€Ì Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€&ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€&ôÔòòButóó€òòseeóó€òòState€v.€Jerry€Wayne€Edisonóó,€òòslip€op.óó€at€11„12,€in€which€the€majority€of€a€panel€of€thisÏCourt€opined€that€breathalyser€evidence€is€closely€akin€to€expert€testimony.€€As€such,€the€majority€inÏòòEdisonóó€concluded€that€the€admission€of€breathalyser€results€should€be€reviewed€under€an€abuse€ofÏdiscretion€standard.€€òòSeeóó€òòslipóó€òòopóó.€at€12.€€Although€in€appellantððs€case,€we€adhere€to€the€preponderanceÏof€the€evidence€standard€in€òòOdom›óó,€we€note€that€the€trial€courtððs€decision€would€be€affirmed€under€theÏabuse€of€discretion€standard.€€€€€€€€€Ì Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€&ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€&ôÔAlthough€this€case€involved€a€bench€trial,€the€findings€of€the€trial€judge€who€conducted€theÏproceedings€carry€the€same€weight€as€a€jury€verdict.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Tateóó,€615€S.W.2d€161,€162€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1981).ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ellan Geneva ÒÒ  ellan Geneva Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€&ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÑ € ÑÑ\R AØ'\Ñ›Ñ7€êÀXXdædÈ7ÑÑ  ќـ€ÙßR€)+(A1-j|` , `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌà@ àAT€NASHVILLEÌÌà@ àFEBRUARY€1998€SESSIONÌÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à à€à àNO.€œ01C01›„9703„CR„00094Ìà àà àAppelleeà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àà àPICKETT€COUNTYÌv.à àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àà àHON.€JOHN€A.€œTURNBULL›ÌDAVID€L.€HATHAWAYà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àà à(œD.U.I.›)Ìà àà àAppellant.à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)ÌÌÌÌòòFor€the€Appellantóó:à àà àà àà àà àà àòòFor€the€Appelleeóó:ÌÌPhillips€M.€œSmalling›à àà àà àà àà àà àJohn€Knox€WalkupÌœHassler›€&€œSmalling›à àà àà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÌP.O.€Box€340ÌœByrdstown›,€TN.€38549à àà àà àà àà àLisa€A.€œNaylor›Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àœ2d›€Floor,€œCordell›€Hull€BuildingÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà à425€Fifth€Avenue€NorthÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN.€37243„0493ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àWilliam€E.€GibsonÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAnthony€J.€œCraighead›Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà à145€South€JeffersonÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àœCookeville›,€TN.€38501„3424ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:____________________ÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌWILLIAM€M.€BARKER,€JUDGEÌÌà@ àOPINION€à àÌÌÓÓà àThe€appellant,€David€L.€Hathaway,€appeals€as€of€right€his€conviction€in€theÏCriminal€Court€of€œPickett›€County.€€After€a€bench€trial,€he€was€convicted€of€drivingÏunder€the€influence€of€an€intoxicant€(ð ðD.U.I.ðð)€and€was€sentenced€to€a€suspendedÏterm€of€six€(6)€months€and€one€(1)€hour€in€the€county€jail.€€The€trial€court€revokedÏappellantððs€driverððs€license€for€one€(1)€year€and€ordered€him€to€serve€forty€eight€(48)Ïhours€in€jail.€€Appellant€was€also€ordered€to€pay€a€$350€fine.Ìà àOn€appeal,€the€appellant€challenges€the€admissibility€of€the€results€of€hisÏbreathalyser€examination€and€the€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence.€€After€aÏreview€of€the€record,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.Ìà àAt€approximately€9:30€p.m.,€on€May€5,€1995,€the€appellant€left€ð ðMoogieððsððÏrestaurant€in€Pickett€County€and€drove€his€pickup€truck€down€a€gravel€roadÏapproaching€Highway€111.€€State€Trooper€Gilbert€Lee€and€officers€from€the€PickettÏCounty€Sheriffððs€Department€were€setting€up€a€nearby€road€block€on€Highway€111€asÏit€enters€Obey€State€Park.€€Trooper€Lee€approached€the€appellantððs€vehicle€on€footÏas€appellant€waited€to€turn€right€onto€the€highway.€€Trooper€Lee€testified€that€his€onlyÏreason€for€stopping€the€appellant€was€to€check€his€driverððs€license.€€According€toÏTrooper€Lee,€the€appellant€had€not€shown€any€signs€of€intoxication€while€drivingÏdown€the€gravel€road.Ìà àWhen€Trooper€Lee€spoke€to€the€appellant€through€the€truck€window,€heÏsmelled€a€strong€odor€of€alcohol.€€The€trooper€asked€appellant€for€his€driverððs€licenseÏand€asked€if€he€had€consumed€any€alcoholic€beverages€that€evening.€€The€appellantÏresponded€that€he€had€drank€ð ða€couple€of€three€beersðð€at€Moogieððs€restaurant€whileÏeating€dinner€and€he€volunteered€to€step€out€of€the€truck€to€obtain€his€driverððs€license.Ìà àTrooper€Lee€observed€the€appellant€as€he€exited€the€truck€and€noticed€thatÏappellant€had€trouble€walking€steady€and€maintaining€his€balance.€€In€addition,€theÏappellantððs€speech€was€slurred€and€he€fumbled€through€his€billfold€while€trying€toÏlocate€his€license.€€Based€upon€those€observations,€Trooper€Lee€asked€the€appellantÏto€participate€in€a€field€sobriety€test.€€Trooper€Lee€testified€that€the€appellant€ignoredÏhis€request€and€focused€entirely€upon€the€safety€of€his€truck,€in€the€event€of€his€arrest.€ÍAs€other€police€officers€arrived€onto€the€scene,€Trooper€Lee€arrested€the€appellant€forÏD.U.I.€and€made€arrangements€for€him€to€be€transported€to€the€Pickett€County€jail.€€NoÏfield€sobriety€test€was€conducted.€€Ìà àOfficer€Scott€Stephens€from€the€Pickett€County€Sheriffððs€Department€escortedÏappellant€to€the€local€jail.€€He€testified€that€the€appellant€appeared€to€have€beenÏdrinking€based€upon€the€odor€of€alcohol€on€his€breath,€his€slurred€speech,€his€glassyÏeyes,€and€his€unstable€walk.€€Officer€Stephens€left€the€appellant€in€the€custody€ofÏOfficer€Billy€Harmon,€who€conducted€a€breathalyser€examination.€€Officer€HarmonÏobserved€the€appellant€at€the€jail€and€noted€that€the€appellant€had€slurred€speech,€anÏunsteady€walk,€and€an€odor€of€alcohol.€€The€results€of€the€breath€test€revealed€thatÏthe€appellant€had€a€blood€alcohol€level€of€0.16€percent.× ƒ, ××  ×Ìà àThe€appellant€testified€in€his€own€defense€that€although€he€had€consumedÏalcohol€that€evening,€he€could€safely€operate€his€vehicle.€€He€admitted€that€he€drankÏfour€beers€during€the€two€hours€he€spent€at€Moogieððs€restaurant.€€However,€he€statedÏthat€it€was€customary€for€him€to€drink€beer€with€dinner€and€that€it€did€not€impair€hisÏability€to€drive.€€Two€patrons€at€Moogieððs€restaurant,€Denise€œWilkerson›€and€DeniseÏœMusgrave›,€both€testified€for€the€defense€that€they€observed€the€appellant€drinkingÏbeer€at€the€restaurant.€€They€testified€that€the€appellant€often€dined€there€and€enjoyedÍbeer€with€his€meals.× ƒ. ××  ×€€In€their€opinion,€the€appellant€did€not€appear€to€be€intoxicatedÏwhen€he€left€the€restaurant€on€the€evening€of€his€arrest.€€€€Ìà àIn€an€attempt€to€reconcile€the€apparent€conflicts€in€the€testimony€of€theÏwitnesses,€the€trial€court€noted€that€whether€the€appellant€appeared€to€be€intoxicatedÏwas€a€separate€question€from€whether€he€was€driving€while€under€the€influence€of€anÏintoxicant.€€Relying€upon€the€officersðð€observations€and€the€results€of€the€breathalyserÏexamination,€the€trial€court€concluded€that€the€appellant€was€guilty€of€D.U.I..€€Ìà àThe€appellant€first€contends€that€the€results€of€the€breath€test€should€not€haveÏbeen€admitted€into€evidence.€€He€argues€that€Officer€Harmon€failed€to€properlyÏobserve€him€for€twenty€(20)€minutes€before€conducting€the€test.× ƒ/ ××  ×Ìà àThis€issue€is€without€merit.Ìà àThe€appellant€correctly€states€that€the€officers€were€required€to€observe€him€forÏtwenty€(20)€minutes€prior€to€administering€the€breathalyser€examination.€€òòSeeóó€òòStateÏv.€Sensingóó,€843€S.W.2d€412,€417„18€(Tenn.€1992).€€The€twenty€(20)€minuteÏobservation€period€is€part€of€the€forensic€services€instruction,€provided€by€theÏTennessee€Bureau€of€Investigation,€to€ensure€that€the€accused€does€not€vomit,Ísmoke,€belch,€or€put€any€substance€into€his€mouth€that€would€disturb€the€findings€ofÏthe€breath€test.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€at€417.€€If€the€prosecution€cannot€establish€that€the€defendantÏwas€observed€for€the€requisite€twenty€(20)€minutes,€then€the€test€results€areÏinadmissible€at€trial.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€œMcCaslin›óó,€894€S.W.2d€310,€312€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ï1994).Ìà àIn€this€case,€the€appellant€points€to€the€dispatcher€time€log€at€the€SheriffððsÏDepartment€to€show€that€Officer€Harmon€did€not€observe€him€for€twenty€(20)€minutesÏbefore€administering€the€breath€test.€€The€time€log€reflects€that€Officer€Harmon€tookÏcustody€of€the€appellant€sometime€after€9:40€p.m..€€The€time€reflected€on€theÏœintoximeter›€indicates€that€the€breath€test€was€administered€at€10:00€p.m..€€OfficerÏHarmon€testified€that€he€did€not€follow€the€time€kept€at€the€Sheriffððs€Department€or€theÏtime€on€the€œintoximeter›,€but€instead€conducted€a€twenty€(20)€minute€observation€ofÏappellant€in€accordance€with€the€time€on€his€wrist€watch.× ƒ0 ××  ×€€He€stated€that€his€wristÏwatch€was€not€synchronized€with€other€clocks€at€the€police€department.Ìà àThe€trial€court€noted€that€by€not€synchronizing€the€time€pieces€at€the€SheriffððsÏDepartment,€the€time€on€Officer€Harmonððs€wrist€watch€may€have€been€different€fromÏthat€in€the€police€records.€€The€court€accredited€the€testimony€of€Officer€Harmon€andÏruled€that€the€observation€requirement€was€satisfied.Ìà àIn€determining€the€admissibility€of€blood€alcohol€evidence,€the€trial€court€mustÏfind€by€a€preponderance€of€the€evidence€that€the€òòSensingóó€requirements€are€met.€ÏòòSeeóó€òòState€v.€œOdom›óó,€928€S.W.2d€18,€23€(Tenn.€1996);€òòState€v.€Jerry€Wayne€Edisonóó,ÏNo.€œ03C01›„9605„CC„00199€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Knoxville,€June€18,€œ1997),€òòapp.Ïgrantedóó€(Tenn.,€Mar.€9,€1998).›€€The€trial€courtððs€decision€to€admit€the€blood€alcoholÏevidence€is€presumed€to€be€correct€and€will€not€be€overturned€on€appeal€unless€theÏevidence€preponderates€otherwise.€€òòœOdom›óó,€928€S.W.2d€at€22„23.× ƒ1 ××  ×€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ìà àWe€conclude€that€the€trial€court€did€not€œerr›€in€admitting€the€results€ofÏappellantððs€breathalyser€examination.€€The€trial€court€accepted€Officer€HarmonððsÏtestimony€and€determined€that€he€properly€observed€the€appellant€beforeÏadministering€the€test.€€Questions€concerning€the€weight€and€value€of€the€evidenceÏand€resolution€of€conflicts€in€the€proof€are€matters€entrusted€to€the€trial€judge€as€theÏtrier€of€fact.€€òòSeeóó€òòœOdom›óó,€928€S.W.2d€at€23;€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835Ï(Tenn.€1978).€€We€defer€to€the€trial€courtððs€findings€in€that€respect€and€conclude€thatÏthe€evidence€does€not€preponderate€against€the€decision€to€admit€the€blood€alcoholÏproof.Ìà àThe€appellant€next€contends€that€the€evidence€was€insufficient€as€a€matter€ofÏlaw€to€sustain€his€D.U.I.€conviction.€€He€argues€that€without€the€blood€alcoholÏevidence,€the€State€failed€to€prove€that€he€was€driving€under€the€influence€of€anÏintoxicant.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.Ìà àWhen€a€defendant€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence,€weÏmust€review€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€prosecution€to€determineÏwhether€ð ðany€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€theÏcrime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.ðð€€òòSeeóó€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319,€99ÏœS.Ct›.€2781,€61€œL.Ed›.œ2d›€560€(1979).€€We€do€not€reweigh€or€re„evaluate€the€evidenceÏand€are€required€to€afford€the€State€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€proofÏcontained€in€the€record,€including€all€reasonable€and€legitimate€inferences€whichÏmay€be€drawn€therefrom.€€òòSeeóó€òòCabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€at€835.Ìà àQuestions€concerning€the€credibility€of€witnesses,€the€weight€and€value€to€beÏgiven€the€evidence,€and€any€factual€issues€raised€by€the€evidence€are€resolved€byÏthe€trier€of€fact,€not€this€Court.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€€A€guilty€verdict€rendered€by€the€trial€judge× ƒ2 ××  ×Ïaccredits€the€testimony€of€the€witnesses€for€the€State,€and€a€presumption€of€guiltÏreplaces€the€presumption€of€innocence.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Graceóó,€493€S.W.2d€474,€476Ï(Tenn.€1973);€òòState€v.€Tateóó,€615€S.W.2d€161,€162€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1981).€€Ìà àOn€appeal,€the€appellant€has€the€burden€of€demonstrating€to€this€Court€whyÏthe€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€verdict€returned€by€the€trier€of€fact.€€ThisÏCourt€will€not€disturb€a€verdict€of€guilty€for€lack€of€sufficient€evidence€unless€the€factsÏcontained€in€the€record€and€any€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€from€the€facts€areÏinsufficient,€as€a€matter€of€law,€for€a€rational€trier€of€fact€to€find€the€appellant€guiltyÏbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€œTuggle›óó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.Ï1982).Ìà àIn€this€case,€the€trial€judge€found€that€the€appellant€was€guilty€of€driving€aÏmotor€vehicle€while€under€the€influence€of€an€intoxicant.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€55„10„401(a)€(Supp.€1994).€€The€judge€based€his€conclusion€upon€appellantððs€0.16€percentÏblood€alcohol€level€and€the€testimony€of€the€three€police€officers.€€The€appellantÏconcedes€that€with€the€breathalyser€evidence,€there€was€sufficient€proof€to€sustain€hisÏconviction.€€Under€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€55„10„408(b)€(Supp.€1994),Ïevidence€that€the€defendant€had€a€blood€alcohol€level€of€.10€percent€or€more,€at€theÏtime€alleged,€creates€a€presumption€that€the€defendant€was€under€the€influence€of€anÏintoxicant.€€As€previously€addressed,€there€was€no€error€in€the€admission€ofÏappellantððs€blood€alcohol€level€in€this€case.Ìà àMoreover,€the€appellant€admitted€at€trial€that€he€had€consumed€four€beers€inÏthe€span€of€two€hours€while€eating€dinner€at€Moogieððs€restaurant.€€Trooper€Lee,ÍOfficer€Stephens,€and€Officer€Harmon€all€testified€that€the€appellant€had€slurredÏspeech,€an€unsteady€walk,€and€an€odor€of€alcohol€after€he€left€the€restaurant.Ìà àWe€have€reviewed€the€evidence€and€conclude€that€the€trial€court€was€justifiedÏin€finding€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€the€appellant€was€guilty€of€D.U.I..€€TheÏappellant€has€failed€to€carry€his€burden€of€demonstrating€otherwise.Ìà àBased€upon€the€foregoing,€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.€€€€€€€€Ìà à€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà àà à___________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àWILLIAM€M.€BARKER,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌ____________________________ÌGARY€R.€WADE,€Presiding€JudgeÌÌÌ____________________________ÌœCURWOOD›€œWITT›,€JUDGEÓÓœ›œ›ÓÓœ›œ›œ›œ›œ›œ›œ›œ›œ›ÓÓ