ÿWPC-  ©f­ µ£ äby–Y«`ói¾qÏ>Ò§ÐнçʼnE‚É£¦Uy88¬lÿdýTòלÕ6ŠìÆn'ߤÎÞ­aX–7D é¶bˇ½â¾ÎUŽÄ‰Ÿ«Àý‘Á…khÆRÔiš•OzÈi14qc[wÅœ[+>P-—ÂQÔì˜ÃÕ,üCD[é䣕²þT­’ö]®q(/ØEœ‹³4½ìŽŸ6Á9 «Òü¶Þ²Î+äø¥Â\‹+ÎÜAaAÄYÚñIÖ®èpY½tu@O~Ñ[4/xí…£­v;©_(zË‘¾˜5Ñ(Óÿ݃¾¿tÚØl—Y>g•ú°`Î]SÞ)Õ¢üC›FP€Üç^zœGg~HG@Ò_?o½CyBÙe/—ƒ#‡Àä NUif¤¦’„²à_÷̼£8ú¼ÒeÊBx`—È»¼Ã€î$þø•5ôÏ#ö†‹Pç‘Òh+z *Z cü6¦fKªZ=»>_†ùçÂW>Iò¦j´moÖ¤Ûꞌ³,ÐÊ”õ)ÎÀdõRJï¢÷²_9'§R²î˜ 2í]EÍUÀãi8AÀ>Úë—@Ö¸‘"ƒ0G{–ñþ¹,žM¨³`®Ž†î!a#!NUNo %½ 0(ÃU:ëb% w- 41 E "T Nv ^ x „ m†  U¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ AQú ÆK 0D 0DU 0D™ ™ D3Ý B ˜HP LaserJet 8000 DN PSØÚØÚÚØØÚ0(ÈhH  Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡,Ù¹6 AZ‹"Arial Regular- ù-tpO'3|xkidnappingDxV' ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ  KÝ ƒ[¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€X¦«XXXÔÔ€7XX¦«ÔÓ  ÓÔ_Ôò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€X¦«X7ÔÐ  ÐÌOctober€22,€1999ÌÌCecil€Ô_ÔCrowsonÔ_Ô,€Jr.ÌAppellate€Court€Ô_ÔClerkÔdAxÔó óÔ_ÔZ[\]_Cþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó````'ÿÿdxd dÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ` °ÑÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€ŠáÊ‹XXÔÔ€Š Ÿ‹‹ŠáÊÔÑTR[° AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ€ÑÑ8€• XXdìdÈ8ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÓ  Óò òÔ_Ôßv€Y_@0,j:úÿ`  `€€@ÿEa ` 8ttxPR` ð  vßÔ_ÔÔ_ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÐ `  ÐÌAT€NASHVILLEÌÌJULY€SESSION,€1999ÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à À àà  à)€€€€€€€€C.C.A.€NO.€01C01„9809„CC„00380Ð p Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àó óÐ r  Ðà ` àà ¸ àAppellee,ò òà h àà À àà  à)€€€€€€€Ð t  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)€€€€€€€€COFFEE€COUNTYÌV.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)€€€€€€€Ð x  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à0 p àHON.€GERALD€L.€EWELL,€SR.Ð|p€%p€% ÐJOHN€THOMAS€HEFLIN,à À àà0  à)€€€€€€€à p àÐ~€%€% Ѐà ` àà0 ¸ àà0¸ €%¸ €%àà0h€%€%àà À àà  à)€€€€€€€€ó óЀ h€%h€% Ѐà ` àà ¸ àAppellant.à h àà À àò òà  à)à0 p à(FIRST€DEGREE€MURDER)€Ð‚"p€%p€% Ðó óÌÌÌòòFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:à À àà  àòòà p àà È àFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:Ð x ÐÌò òCAMPBELL€SMOOTà0 h àà0Àh€%h€%àà  àà p àPAUL€G.€SUMMERS€Ðp À€%À€% Ðó óDistrict€Public€Defenderà h àà0 À àà0À€%À€%àà0p€%€%àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÐr!p€%p€% ÐÌò òRACHEL€E.€WILLISà0 h àó óà À àò òà  àà p àKIM€R.€HELPER€Ðj# h€%h€% Ðó óAssistant€Public€Defenderò òó óà À àà  àà p àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÐ l$  Ð605€East€Carroll€Streetà h àà À àà  àà p à2nd€Floor,€Cordell€Hull€BuildingÐ h% ÐP.O.€Box€260€ò òà0  àó óà h àà À àà  àà0p€%€%à425€Fifth€Avenue€North€Ðd&p€%p€% ÐTullahoma,€TN€37388€à0 h àà0Àh€%h€%àà  àà p àNashville,€TN€€37243Ð`'À€%À€% ÐÌò òà ` àà ¸ àà  àà0 h àó óà À àà  àà p àò òC.€MICHAEL€LAYNE€ÐX)ø h€%h€% Ðó óà0 ` àà0¸ ` €%` €%àà0¸ €%¸ €%àà0h€%€%àà0Àh€%h€%àò òà  àà p àó óDistrict€Attorney€General€ÐZ*ú !À€%À€% ÐÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àò òKENNETH€SHELTON,€JR.€Ð R,ò"# Ðó óà0 ` àà0¸ ` €%` €%àà0¸ €%¸ €%àà0h€%€%àà À àà  àà p àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÐT-ô#$h€%h€% Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àP.O.€Box€147€Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àManchester,€TN€37355€ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED€________________________ÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÐ ;¼12 ÐTHOMAS€T.€WOODALL,€JUDGEò òó óÐ  `  ÐÓ  ÓÔ€°MK°ˆŠ|˜Ôò òòòOPINIONóóó óÔ€Š|˜ˆ°°MKÔÐ `  ÐÓ  ÓÌÓÓÌà ` àOn€January€13,€1997,€the€Coffee€County€Grand€Jury€indicted€Defendant€JohnÐ ´ ÐThomas€Heflin€for€first€degree€murder.€€After€a€jury€trial€on€March€9ð!ð11,€1998,Ð ¤ ÐDefendant€was€convicted€of€first€degree€murder€and€was€sentenced€to€life€in€prison.€Ð ô” ÐDefendant€challenges€his€conviction,€raising€the€following€issues:Ð ä„  ÐÓÓà0 ` à1)€whether€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€allowed€the€State€to€introduce€theÐ Ôt  Ðstatement€of€a€co„conspirator€into€evidence;€andÐÌl ` €%` €% ÐÌà0 ` à2)€whether€Defendantððs€conviction€is€invalid€because€it€was€based€on€theÐ ¼\ Ðuncorroborated€testimony€of€an€accomplice.дT` €%` €% ÐÌÓÓAfter€a€review€of€the€record,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.Ð ¤D ÐÌà@dd+Dàò òI.€€FACTSó óˆÐ „$ ÐÌà ` àRichard€Daniel€Clark€testified€that€in€October€of€1996,€he€was€living€in€theÐ d# Ðsame€residence€as€his€mother,€Taniese€Wilson,€his€step„father,€Al€Wilson,€and€hisÐ T%ô Ðstep„brother,€Christopher€Wilson.€€Clark€testified€that€his€mother€and€Al€WilsonÐ D'ä Ðbegan€living€together€in€August€of€1996€and€they€married€on€September€28,€1996.Ð 4)Ô  ÐÌà ` àClark€testified€that€his€mother€dated€Defendant€for€a€number€of€years€beforeÐ -´#$ Ðshe€met€Mr.€Wilson.€€Although€Ms.€Wilson€and€Defendant€stopped€dating€each€otherÐ /¤%& Ðat€some€point,€they€began€seeing€each€other€again€in€August€of€1996.€€From€AugustÐ ô0”'( Ðto€October€of€1996,€Defendant€spent€the€night€with€Ms.€Wilson€whenever€Mr.€WilsonÐ ä2„)* Ðwas€working€out€of€town.Ð Ô4t+, Ðâ âÐ Ä6d-. Ðà ` àClark€testified€that€on€October€21,€1996,€his€mother€approached€him€andÐ `  Ðâ âstated€that€something€bad€was€going€to€happen€to€Mr.€Wilson.€€Ms.€Wilson€thenÐ P ð Ðasked€Clark€to€kill€Mr.€Wilson,€but€Clark€did€not€respond.€€A€few€days€later,€Ms.Ð @ à ÐWilson€repeated€her€request€that€Clark€kill€Mr.€Wilson.€€Ms.€Wilson€stated€that€ð ðtheyððdÐ 0Ð Ðfind€a€place€to€do€itðð€and€she€also€stated€that€if€Mr.€Wilsonððs€death€appeared€to€beÐ  À Ðan€accident,€the€insurance€policy€would€yield€twice€as€much€money.€€Ms.€WilsonÐ °  Ðexplained€that€after€Mr.€Wilson€was€killed,€she€would€claim€that€he€had€ð ðbeen€robbedÐ    Ðby€Mexicans.ðð€€Ms.€Wilson€also€told€Clark€that€when€they€obtained€the€insuranceÐ ð  Ðproceeds,€she€would€be€able€to€buy€a€new€house€and€Clark€would€be€able€to€buy€aÐ à€ Ðnew€truck.€€Clark€then€agreed€to€kill€Mr.€Wilson.Ð Ðp ÐÌà ` àClark€testified€that€on€October€26,€1996,€Ms.€Wilson€woke€him€up€and€askedÐ °P Ðhim€to€pick€up€Defendant.€€Clark€took€Ms.€Wilsonððs€Beretta€and€drove€to€DefendantððsÐ   @ Ðresidence,€but€Defendant€told€him€to€leave€and€come€back€later.€€Clark€returned€atÐ "0 Ðapproximately€1:00€p.m.€and€Defendant€got€in€the€Beretta.€€Clark€and€DefendantÐ €$  Ðthen€spent€the€rest€of€the€afternoon€and€evening€traveling€between€several€differentÐ p& Ðlocations€where€they€drank€beer€and€smoked€marijuana.€€While€Clark€and€DefendantÐ `(  Ðwere€at€an€establishment€named€Ronððs€Market€at€approximately€12:00€a.m.,Ð P*ð " ÐDefendant€told€Clark€that€they€needed€to€travel€to€Normandy.€€Clark€understood€thisÐ @,à"$ Ðcomment€to€mean€that€they€were€going€to€kill€Mr.€Wilson€Ð 0.Ð$& ÐÌà ` àClark€testified€that€he€and€Defendant€then€drove€to€a€store€by€the€NormandyÐ 2°(* ÐDam.€€While€they€were€waiting€in€the€parking€lot,€Defendant€gave€Clark€a€.22€semi„Ð 4 *, Ðautomatic€and€stated€that€Clark€was€going€to€need€the€gun.€€Clark€and€DefendantÐ ð5,. Ðthen€waited€in€the€parking€lot€until€they€saw€Ms.€Wilson€and€Mr.€Wilson€drive€by€inÐ à7€.0 Ða€silver€Thunderbird.€€Clark€and€Defendant€then€drove€to€an€area€near€the€damÐ Ð9p02 Ðwhere€they€saw€the€Thunderbird.€€Clark€parked€next€to€the€Thunderbird€and€ClarkÐ `  Ðand€Defendant€got€out€of€the€Beretta.€€When€he€got€out€of€the€car,€Clark€saw€that€Mr.Ð P ð ÐWilson€was€lying€on€a€blanket.€€Clark€then€shot€Mr.€Wilson€in€the€head€two€times.Ð @ à ÐÌà ` àClark€testified€that€after€he€shot€Mr.€Wilson,€Ms.€Wilson€and€Defendant€beganÐ  À Ðarguing€and€Ms.€Wilson€stated€that€they€ð ðhad€to€make€it€look€real.ðð€€Defendant€thenÐ °  Ðripped€Ms.€Wilsonððs€shirt€and€Clark€and€Defendant€began€arguing€about€who€wasÐ    Ðgoing€to€hit€Ms.€Wilson€in€the€head.€€Clark€eventually€gave€the€gun€to€Defendant€andÐ ð  Ðbegan€walking€to€the€Beretta.€€Clark€then€heard€what€sounded€like€a€ð ðthump€on€aÐ à€ Ðmelonðð€and€when€he€turned€around,€he€saw€that€Ms.€Wilson€was€unconscious.€€ClarkÐ Ðp Ðand€Defendant€then€took€Mr.€Wilsonððs€jewelry€and€they€subsequently€threw€theÐ À` Ðjewelry€in€a€field€and€threw€the€gun€off€a€bridge.€€Clark€and€Defendant€then€went€toÐ °P Ðthe€Wilsonsðð€residence€where€they€spent€the€night.Ð   @ ÐÌà ` àChristopher€Wilson€testified€that€shortly€before€Mr.€and€Ms.€Wilson€wereÐ €$  Ðmarried,€Defendant€spent€the€night€with€Ms.€Wilson€in€her€residence.€€DefendantÐ p& Ðcontinued€to€spend€the€night€with€Ms.€Wilson€after€she€married€Mr.€Wilson.€Ð `(  ÐChristopher€Wilson€subsequently€reported€Defendantððs€activities€to€Mr.€Wilson,€andÐ P*ð " ÐMr.€Wilson€responded€that€if€he€was€going€to€be€mistreated,€he€would€move€back€toÐ @,à"$ Ðhis€home€state€of€Michigan.Ð 0.Ð$& ÐÌà ` àKlouse€Reccord€testified€that€he€went€to€the€Wilson€residence€on€the€morningÐ 2°(* Ðof€October€27,€1996.€€When€Reccord€arrived€at€the€residence,€he€saw€thatÐ 4 *, ÐDefendant€was€pacing€back€and€forth€in€the€living€room.€€Shortly€thereafter,€ReccordÐ ð5,. Ðgave€Defendant€a€ride€to€another€location.€€When€Reccord€told€Defendant€that€Mr.Ð à7€.0 ÐWilson€had€been€killed€during€a€camping€trip,€Defendant€stated€that€ð ðit€didnððt€soundÐ Ð9p02 Ðlike€[Ms.€Wilson]€to€go€on€a€camping€trip.ðð€€Defendant€also€stated€that€he€had€beenÐ `  Ðwith€Clark€all€of€the€previous€night€and€he€had€come€home€with€Clark.Ð P ð ÐÌà ` àTerry€Holder€testified€that€during€the€first€week€of€October€1996,€he€saw€Ms.Ð 0Ð ÐWilson€and€Defendant€together€at€Patricia€Holderððs€house.€€At€that€time,€Mr.€HolderÐ  À Ðquestioned€Ms.€Wilson€about€her€marriage€to€Mr.€Wilson.€€Ms.€Wilson€then€statedÐ °  Ðthat€she€had€married€Mr.€Wilson€for€the€kids€and€for€the€insurance€money.€€When€Mr.Ð    ÐHolder€asked€how€Ms.€Wilson€would€obtain€insurance€money,€Ms.€Wilson€stated,Ð ð  Ðð ðWeððre€going€to€have€him€killed.ðð€€Defendant€then€told€Ms.€Wilson,€ð ðThat€way,€youÐ à€ Ðcan€get€that€log€house€you€always€wanted.ððÐ Ðp ÐÌà ` àPatricia€Holder€testified€that€during€the€first€week€of€October€1996,€Ms.€WilsonÐ °P Ðand€Defendant€came€to€her€house.€€Later€that€evening,€Ms.€Wilson€stated€that€sheÐ   @ Ðand€Defendant€were€going€to€kill€Mr.€Wilson€and€use€the€insurance€money€to€buildÐ "0 Ða€log€house.€€Ms.€Holder€testified€that€even€though€Defendant€did€not€actually€sayÐ €$  Ðanything€in€response€to€Ms.€Wilsonððs€statement,€he€smiled€and€laughed€and€agreedÐ p& Ðwith€everything€Ms.€Wilson€said.Ð `(  ÐÌà ` àJosh€Brooks€testified€that€on€October€22,€1996,€he€received€a€telephone€callÐ @,à"$ Ðfrom€Ms.€Wilson.€€In€response€to€this€call,€Brooks€obtained€a€chain€and€he€thenÐ 0.Ð$& Ðdrove€to€the€Normandy€Dam.€€When€Brooks€arrived,€he€saw€that€Ms.€WilsonððsÐ  0À&( Ðvehicle€had€become€stuck€in€a€culvert.€€Brooks€also€noticed€that€Defendant€was€withÐ 2°(* ÐMs.€Wilson.€€Brooks€subsequently€attached€the€chain€to€his€truck€and€Ms.€WilsonððsÐ 4 *, Ðcar€and€he€then€pulled€Ms.€Wilsonððs€car€out€of€the€culvert.€Ð ð5,. ÐÌÐ Ð9p02 Ðà@ÆÆ"Dàò òII.€€OUT€OF€COURT€STATEMENTó óˆÐ `  ÐÌà ` àDefendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€allowed€Terry€Holder€toÐ @ à Ðtestify€that€during€the€first€week€of€October€1996,€he€heard€Ms.€Wilson€say€that€sheÐ 0Ð Ðwas€going€to€have€Mr.€Wilson€killed€so€that€she€could€collect€the€insurance€money.€Ð  À ÐSpecifically,€Defendant€contends€that€this€evidence€was€inadmissible€hearsay.Ð °  ÐÌà ` àInitially,€we€agree€with€Defendant€that€Ms.€Wilsonððs€out€of€court€statement€wasÐ ð  Ðhearsay.€€Rule€801(c)€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Evidence€states€that€ð ððð[h]earsayððÐ à€ Ðis€a€statement,€other€than€one€made€by€the€declarant€while€testifying€at€the€trial€orÐ Ðp Ðhearing,€offered€in€evidence€to€prove€the€truth€of€the€matter€asserted.ðð€€It€is€evidentÐ À` Ðthat€the€State€introduced€Ms.€Wilsonððs€statement€for€the€purpose€of€establishing€theÐ °P Ðtruth€of€the€matter€asserted.€€Indeed,€after€Mr.€Holder€testified€that€Ms.€Wilson€statedÐ   @ Ðthat€they€were€going€to€have€Mr.€Wilson€killed€so€that€she€could€receive€theÐ "0 Ðinsurance€proceeds,€the€prosecutor€repeated€this€testimony€and€asked€whether€thatÐ €$  Ðwas€what€Ms.€Wilson€had€said.€€When€Mr.€Holder€testified€that€it€was,€the€prosecutorÐ p& Ðasked€Mr.€Holder€to€repeat€his€testimony€again€and€Mr.€Holder€complied.€€TheÐ `(  Ðprosecutor€then€repeated€the€testimony€yet€again€and€asked€whether€that€was€whatÐ P*ð " ÐMs.€Wilson€had€said.€€It€is€clear€from€the€amount€of€emphasis€that€the€prosecutorÐ @,à"$ Ðplaced€on€Ms.€Wilsonððs€statement€that€it€was€introduced€for€the€truth€of€the€matterÐ 0.Ð$& Ðasserted.€€Thus,€Ms.€Wilsonððs€statement€was€hearsay€that€was€inadmissible€underÐ  0À&( ÐRule€802€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Evidence€unless€its€admission€was€provided€forÐ 2°(* Ðby€an€exception€to€the€hearsay€rule.Ð 4 *, ÐÌà ` àThe€State€contends€that€Ms.€Wilsonððs€statement€was€admissible€under€RuleÐ à7€.0 Ð803(1.2)€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Evidence.€€Rule€803(1.2)€provides€that€ð ð[a]Ð Ð9p02 Ðstatement€offered€against€a€party€that€is€.€.€.€a€statement€by€a€co-conspirator€of€aÐ `  Ðparty€during€the€course€of€and€in€furtherance€of€the€conspiracyðð€is€not€excluded€byÐ P ð Ðthe€hearsay€rule.€€In€order€for€a€statement€to€be€admissible€under€this€rule,€(1)€thereÐ @ à Ðmust€be€independent€evidence€that€a€conspiracy€existed,€(2)€the€statement€mustÐ 0Ð Ðhave€been€made€during€the€pendency€of€the€conspiracy,€and€(3)€the€statement€mustÐ  À Ðhave€been€made€in€furtherance€of€the€conspiracy.€€òòState€v.€Gayloróó,€862€S.W.2d€546,Ð °  Ð553€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992).€€We€conclude€that€the€evidence€was€sufficient€toÐ    Ðestablish€by€a€preponderance€of€the€evidence€that€Defendant€and€Ms.€WilsonÐ ð  Ðconspired€to€kill€Mr.€Wilson€for€the€insurance€proceeds€and€that€the€statement€wasÐ à€ Ðmade€during€the€pendency€of€the€conspiracy.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Stamperóó,€863€S.W.2dÐ Ðp Ð404,€406€(Tenn.€1993)€(holding€that€the€appropriate€standard€of€proof€for€preliminaryÐ À` Ðfacts€required€for€admission€of€evidence€under€Rule€803(1.2)(E)€is€proof€by€aÐ °P Ðpreponderance€of€the€evidence).€€However,€we€also€conclude€that€the€statement€wasÐ   @ Ðnot€made€in€furtherance€of€the€conspiracy.€€Ms.€Wilsonððs€statement€was€merely€aÐ "0 Ðdeclaration€of€her€intent€that€did€absolutely€nothing€to€advance€or€aid€the€conspiracyÐ €$  Ðin€any€way.€€Indeed,€this€statement€appears€to€be€a€part€of€a€casual€conversationÐ p& Ðrather€than€an€attempt€to€further€the€conspiracy.€€Thus,€we€agree€with€Defendant€thatÐ `(  Ðthe€trial€court€erred€when€it€allowed€Mr.€Holder€to€testify€about€Ms.€WilsonððsÐ P*ð " Ðstatement.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Hutchinsonóó,€898€S.W.2d€161,€170€(Tenn.€1994)€(noting€thatÐ @,à"$ Ðcasual€conversations€are€not€made€ð ðin€furtherance€ofðð€the€conspiracy€unless€theyÐ 0.Ð$& Ðsomehow€advance€the€objectives€of€the€conspiracy).€€However,€we€conclude€thatÐ  0À&( Ðthis€was€harmless€error.Ð 2°(* ÐÌà ` àThe€record€indicates€that€Defendant€did€not€object€when€Patricia€HolderÐ ð5,. Ðtestified€that€Ms.€Wilson€had€stated€that€she€and€Defendant€were€going€to€kill€Mr.Ð à7€.0 ÐWilson€and€use€the€insurance€money€to€build€a€log€house.€€Moreover,€Defendant€hasÐ Ð9p02 Ðnot€challenged€the€admissibility€of€this€evidence€on€appeal.€€Not€only€was€theÐ `  Ðtestimony€of€Ms.€Holder€substantially€similar€to€that€of€Mr.€Holder,€it€was€alsoÐ P ð Ðsignificantly€more€damaging€to€Defendantððs€assertions€of€innocence.€€Indeed,€afterÐ @ à ÐMs.€Holder€testified€that€Ms.€Wilson€stated€that€she€and€Defendant€were€going€to€killÐ 0Ð ÐMr.€Wilson€for€the€insurance€money,€Ms.€Holder€testified€that€Defendant€ð ðagree[ed]Ð  À Ðwith€everything€she€said.ðð€€Ms.€Holderððs€testimony€about€Ms.€Wilsonððs€statement€wasÐ °  Ðclearly€admissible€because€the€statement€was€one€in€which€Defendant€ð ðha[d]Ð    Ðmanifested€an€adoption€or€belief€in€its€truth.ðð€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€803(1.2)(B).€€Ð ð  ÐTherefore,€even€though€Ms.€Wilsonððs€statement€was€improperly€admitted€through€theÐ à€ Ðtestimony€of€Mr.€Holder,€Defendant€was€not€prejudiced€because€the€same€evidenceÐ Ðp Ðwas€properly€admitted€through€the€testimony€of€Ms.€Holder.Ð À` ÐÌà ` àIn€short,€we€conclude€that€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€allowed€Mr.€Holder€toÐ   @ Ðtestify€about€Ms.€Wilsonððs€statement.€€However,€in€light€of€the€fact€that€Ms.€HolderÐ "0 Ðgave€nearly€identical€testimony€about€Ms.€Wilsonððs€statement,€any€error€wasÐ €$  Ðharmless.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€36(b).€€Defendant€is€not€entitled€to€relief€on€thisÐ p& Ðissue.Ð `(  ÐÌà@‚ ‚ Dàò òIII.€€CORROBORATION€OF€ACCOMPLICE€TESTIMONYó óˆÐ @,à"$ ÐÌà ` àDefendant€contends€that€his€conviction€is€invalid€because€it€was€based€on€theÐ  0À&( Ðuncorroborated€testimony€of€his€accomplice,€Clark.Ð 2°(* ÐÌà ` àIn€Tennessee,€it€is€well„settled€that€a€defendant€cannot€be€convicted€on€theÐ ð5,. Ðuncorroborated€testimony€of€an€accomplice.€€òòState€v.€Bigbeeóó,€885€S.W.2d€797,€803Ð à7€.0 Ð(Tenn.€1994).€€However,€Ð Ð9p02 ÐÓÓÌÌÌà0 ` à[t]his€corroborative€evidence€may€be€direct€or€entirely€circumstantial,€and€itÐ H è Ðneed€not€be€adequate,€in€and€of€itself,€to€support€a€conviction;€it€is€sufficientÐ @ à Ðto€meet€the€requirements€of€the€rule€if€it€fairly€and€legitimately€tends€to€connectÐ 8Ø Ðthe€defendant€with€the€commission€of€the€crime€charged.€It€is€not€necessaryÐ 0Ð Ðthat€the€corroboration€extend€to€every€part€of€the€accomplice's€evidence.€TheÐ (È Ðcorroboration€need€not€be€conclusive,€but€it€is€sufficient€if€this€evidence,€ofÐ  À Ðitself,€tends€to€connect€the€defendant€with€the€commission€of€the€offense,Ð ¸  Ðalthough€the€evidence€is€slight€and€entitled,€when€standing€alone,€to€but€littleÐ °  Ðconsideration.€€òòШ ` €%` €% ÐÌÓÃMÓId.óó€€In€other€words,€ð ðonly€slight€circumstances€are€required€to€corroborate€anÐ ø˜  Ðaccomplice's€testimony.ðð€€òòState€v.€Griffisóó,€964€S.W.2d€577,€589€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð èˆ Ð1997).€€Whether€an€accomplice's€testimony€has€been€sufficiently€corroborated€is€aÐ Øx Ðquestion€for€the€jury.€€òòBigbeeóó,€885€S.W.2d€at€803.Ð Èh ÐÌà ` àWe€conclude€that€the€other€evidence€in€this€case€is€sufficient€to€establish€atÐ ¨H Ðleast€the€ð ðslight€circumstancesðð€necessary€to€corroborate€Clarkððs€testimony.€€First,Ð ˜!8 ÐBrooks€saw€Defendant€and€Ms.€Wilson€together€a€few€days€before€the€murder€in€theÐ ˆ#( Ðsame€area€where€the€murder€was€committed.€€Second,€Defendant€told€Reccord€thatÐ x% Ðhe€had€been€with€Clark€all€night€on€October€26,€1996,€and€he€had€come€back€to€Ms.Ð h' ÐWilsonððs€residence€with€Clark.€€Third,€and€most€significantly,€when€Ms.€Wilson€toldÐ X)ø! ÐMs.€Holder€that€she€and€Defendant€were€going€to€kill€Mr.€Wilson€in€order€to€obtainÐ H+è!# Ðthe€insurance€proceeds,€Defendant€smiled€and€laughed€and€agreed€with€everythingÐ 8-Ø#% ÐMs.€Wilson€said.€€We€conclude€that€while€this€evidence€was€not€adequate,€in€and€ofÐ (/È%' Ðitself,€to€support€a€conviction,€the€evidence€ð ðfairly€and€legitimately€tends€to€connectÐ 1¸') Ð[Defendant]€with€the€commission€of€the€crime€charged.ðð€€Thus,€Clarkððs€testimony€wasÐ 3¨)+ Ðsufficiently€corroborated.€€Defendant€is€not€entitled€to€relief€on€this€issue.Ð ø4˜+- ÐÌÐ Ø8x/1 Їà ` àAccordingly,€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€AFFIRMED.Ð `  ÐÌÌÓÓà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à____________________________________Ð 0Ð Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àTHOMAS€T.€WOODALL,€JudgeÐ (È ÐÌÌÌCONCUR:Ð ¨  ÐÌÌÌ___________________________________Ð èˆ ÐJERRY€L.€SMITH,€JudgeÐ à€ ÐÌÌ___________________________________Ð Èh ÐNORMA€McGEE€OGLE,€Judge