ÿWPC ó—‘KS>¤¿vÞ<µ].ó¾jR‰cKÌìt=f‚yvåhô¯W[ëæT„»Wœí”ëú]ögO.Ö¯™©ÅõߌRúÉ… “ò$’_ì¡+AýÐ$B> 9¸óW9—íý™‰KëÕk³À…kv$pÛ&ÚÑͺÎÄ=f ’YÖ8š±7ëÕ&käŽCÿ6 ®ž,/œ du¸“ø}b‚±ßIÙŒx'W(ûZ5£’''Âã=ÿº­Ù{«6(F+;{…WÄX8h©ëb»1¼š±ÁƲќî Ðy’Ãú8LÜ9XÙÖÝ`_éôáǪ̻˜ ÿ£®ÝÔî Â’†Hig*·—B -i`ôIdÅC ý˜èáó°þ_ÈtÇ1'Oͽ%ÍÕ1¥Kóy MÞ6và‘ÝÞx›QyÇÁ ÎZ¦eL]…¤zU·ÜÞ4AyO7€`CG®VòtˆDcÊ‘E ›É áu4±bï|€©ðsC»÷¸å¦o±™£Ÿoݦ:‡ÐN;0ïW<ý×YƇq ?¹d¿H2Öº±Pš‚ow{kÒî®?×£\¼îÚjÄ5ã¯î³Bݒ̱¯GµŸ«Þ:n‹<šÓí ûB‚£©bTÝÁ×õWØùâòib#Á\ % UN# 0ˆq U8Nù ^ G wS zW ÒÑ 4£ · Æ mÈ Æß Æ¥ Æk Æ11N÷÷÷Eùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùù ûûûûûb 0ë     Bôô 0¤ D5µ D-ê 0K ASbƵ 0¤{ 0D A«c˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PCL 6ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0»(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman Regular(`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman RegularÉœM)  ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptÖJ~'àÖ3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5H- ù-(|G2$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€SP»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô?Dò»»Ô d(|3Ö~$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€SP»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV)ÿÿ!dxdx)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3Ö~$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€SP»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€SP»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼SP»»»ÔÑ8€-LXXdæ»»d8Ñà@ttìàÔ‡îÓSPÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@kk$ìàAT€NASHVILLEÔ#†¼SP»îîÓ #ԈРР ÐÓ  ÓAssigned€on€Briefs,€à @ àà @` àApril€18,€2000Ð ð@ ÐÔ‡X-LX»¼SPÔÌò òÔ#†¼SP»XX-L #ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóó€v.€ANDREW€CHARLES€Ô_ÔHELTONÔ_ÔÔ‡X-LX»¼SPÔó óÐ ä4 ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Davidson€CountyÐ Ø ( Ðà@@øøìàNo.€98„B„1052€€€€€€Seth€Norman,€JudgeÐ ¾  ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<o` AßÐ pÀ  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€M1999„01405„CCA„R3„CD€„€Filed€October€13,€2000Ð eµ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<0` AßÐ 1  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€Defendant,€Andrew€Charles€Ô_ÔHeltonÔ_Ô,€was€indicted,€along€with€co„defendants€Shirley€Ô_ÔCrowellÔ_Ô€andÐ &v  ÐÔ_ÔShayneÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔCochranÔ_Ô,€for€two€counts€of€premeditated€murder€and€two€counts€of€felony€murder€for€theÐ  \ Ðshooting€deaths€of€Robert€Cole€and€Michael€Ô_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô.€€After€the€trial€court€granted€a€motion€for€aÐ òB Ðjudgment€of€acquittal€on€the€felony€murder€charges,€the€Defendant€was€convicted€by€a€jury€of€firstÐ Ø( Ðdegree€murder€for€the€death€of€Robert€Cole€and€of€second€degree€murder€for€the€death€of€MichaelÐ ¾ ÐÔ_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô.€€The€Defendant€was€sentenced€to€mandatory€life€imprisonment€for€the€first€degree€murderÐ ¤ô Ðconviction€and€to€twenty„three€years€imprisonment€for€the€second€degree€murder€conviction.€€TheÐ ŠÚ ÐDefendant€now€appeals€and€argues€that€the€evidence€presented€at€trial€was€insufficient€to€sustain€hisÐ pÀ Ðconvictions.€€The€Defendant€also€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€admitting€certain€crime€sceneÐ V¦ Ðand€autopsy€photographs€into€evidence.€€After€a€thorough€review€of€the€record€and€applicable€law,Ð <Œ Ðwe€find€no€merit€to€the€Defendant's€contentions€and€thus€affirm€his€convictions.Ð "r ÐÔ#†¼SP»XX-L·#ÔÔ‡X-LX»¼SPÔÌÓ½ÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Criminal€Court€Affirmed.ó óÐ Ô$ ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼SP»àX-L¬ #ÔÔ‡X-LX.¼SPÔRobert€W.€Wedemeyer,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòJerry€L.€Smith,€J.óó€andÐ  ð ÐòòJohn€Everett€Williams,€J.óó,€joined.Ð † Ö  ÐÌJeffrey€A.€Ô_ÔDeVasherÔ_Ô€(on€appeal),€Assistant€Public€Defender,€and€Ross€Alderman€(at€trial),Ð R"¢" ÐMetropolitan€Public€Defender,€Nashville,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Andrew€Charles€Ô_ÔHeltonÔ_Ô.Ô#†¼SP»XX-Lz #ÔÔ‡X-LX»¼SPÔÐ 8#ˆ# ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter,€David€H.€Ô_ÔFindleyÔ_Ô,€Assistant€Attorney€General,Ð %T % ÐCriminal€Justice€Division,€Victor€S.€Johnson,€III,€District€Attorney€General,€Pamela€Anderson,Ð ê%:!& ÐAssistant€District€Attorney€General,€and€Ô_ÔT.J.Ô_Ô€Ô_ÔHaycoxÔ_Ô,€Assistant€District€Attorney€General€for€theÐ Ð& "' Ðappellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ô#†¼SP»XX-L #ÔÔ‡X-LX»¼SPÔÐ ¶'#( ÐÓK ÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼SP»XX-L¯#ÔÔ‡X-LX»¼SPÔÐ ‚)Ò$* ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼SP»XX-L6#ÔÔ‡X-LX»¼SPÔÓ  Óà@!ìàò òFACTUAL€BACKGROUNDó óˆÐ N+ž&, Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àÌÐ -j(.ý ÐÔ#†¼SP»XX-L”#ÔÔ‡X-LX»¼SPÔà  àPrior€to€the€evening€of€November€28,€1997,€the€Defendant€had€known€victim€MichaelÐ ° ÐÔ_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô€for€about€eleven€years.€€However,€it€was€not€until€the€Defendant€got€divorced€that€he€andÐ –æ ÐÔ_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô€began€to€socialize€on€a€regular€basis.€€During€the€months€before€the€killings,€the€DefendantÐ |Ì Ðtestified€that€he€and€Ô_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô€would€see€each€other€at€least€a€couple€of€times€a€week.€€A€few€daysÐ b² Ðbefore€Thanksgiving,€1997,€the€Defendant€testified€that€Ô_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô€came€to€his€house,€pushed€himÐ H˜ Ðagainst€the€wall,€and€accused€the€Defendant€of€trying€to€"cross€him€out€with€his€girlfriend."€€A€friendÐ . ~ Ðbroke€the€fight€up,€and€according€to€the€Defendant,€Ô_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô€"broke€down€.€.€.€and€started€crying."Ð  d ÐÌà  àThe€next€time€the€Defendant€saw€Ô_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô€was€on€the€evening€of€November€28,€1997.€€OnÐ à 0 Ðthat€night,€the€Defendant€was€at€home€not€feeling€very€well€when€Michael€Ô_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô€called€and€askedÐ Æ   Ðthe€Defendant€to€come€over.€€The€Defendant€declined,€and€Ô_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô€offered€to€come€over€and€bringÐ ¬ ü  Ðthe€Defendant€some€food.€€Ô_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô€went€to€the€Defendant's€apartment€with€food€and€a€bottle€ofÐ ’â  ÐCrown€Royal€whiskey.€€The€two€men€drank€for€a€short€time€and€then€decided€to€go€out.€€They€wentÐ xÈ  Ðto€Ô_ÔShayneÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔCochranÔ_Ô's€house,€and€then€all€three€men€went€to€Bailey's€Sports€Bar€in€Ô_ÔRivergateÔ_Ô.€€AtÐ ^®  ÐBailey's,€the€men€met€up€with€Robert€Cole€and€decided€to€go€to€the€home€of€Leslie€Hebert,€a€friendÐ D”  Ðof€Ô_ÔCochranÔ_Ô's.€€Allison€Ô_ÔDowellÔ_Ô€and€Hebert's€roommate€were€also€present€when€the€men€arrived.€€AfterÐ *z  Ðstaying€at€Hebert's€house€for€awhile,€the€Defendant,€Ô_ÔCochranÔ_Ô,€Ô_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô,€Cole,€Hebert,€and€Ô_ÔDowellÔ_ÔÐ ` Ðwent€to€an€after„hours€club€downtown€called€"The€Church."€€Ð öF ÐÌà  àWhen€the€group€arrived€at€The€Church,€the€Defendant€took€off€his€jacket€and€left€it€in€the€carÐ Â Ðthat€Ô_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô€had€been€driving.€€The€Defendant€testified€that€the€jacket€contained€approximatelyÐ ¨ø Ð$200.00€in€cash€and€a€small€amount€of€marijuana.€€At€The€Church,€the€Defendant€became€separatedÐ ŽÞ Ðfrom€the€group.€€Thinking€that€the€Defendant€might€have€gone€home,€Ô_ÔCochranÔ_Ô,€Ô_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô,€Cole,Ð tÄ ÐHebert,€and€Ô_ÔDowellÔ_Ô€left€The€Church€and€went€to€the€Defendant's€apartment.€€€Ô_ÔCochranÔ_Ô€hid€a€CrownÐ Zª ÐRoyal€bag€full€of€cocaine€and€pills€behind€one€of€the€buildings€at€the€Defendant's€apartment€complexÐ @ Ðand€then€retrieved€it€shortly€thereafter.€€The€group€waited€outside€the€Defendant's€apartment€for€aÐ &v Ðbrief€period€of€time€and€then€went€to€Ô_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô's€apartment€in€Antioch.€Ô#†¼SP»XX-L#ÔÔ‡X-LX»¼SPÔÐ  \ ÐÌà  àWhen€the€group€arrived€at€Ô_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô's€apartment,€Ô_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô's€roommate€took€his€car,€whichÐ Ø( ÐÔ_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô€had€been€driving€all€evening,€and€went€to€work.€€Without€a€car,€the€two€women€had€no€wayÐ ¾ Ðto€get€home€so€they€paged€the€Defendant,€hoping€that€he€would€take€them€home.€€€The€DefendantÐ ¤ô Ðtestified€that€he€was€on€his€way€to€his€apartment€in€a€cab€he€shared€with€Shirley€Ô_ÔCrowellÔ_Ô,€Ô_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô'sÐ Š Ú Ðex„girlfriend€whom€the€Defendant€encountered€at€The€Church,€when€he€got€a€page€fromÔ#†¼SP»XX-LÜ#ÔÔ‡X-LX»¼SPÔ€Ô_ÔCochranÔ_ÔÐ p!À  Ðand€Ô_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô.€€The€Defendant€testified€that€he€called€Ô_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô's€apartment,€and€Ô_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô€asked€himÐ V"¦! Ðto€come€over€because€Hebert€and€Ô_ÔDowellÔ_Ô€needed€a€ride€home.€€Ô_ÔCrowellÔ_Ô,€who€had€recently€brokenÐ <#Œ" Ðup€with€Ô_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô,€agreed€to€ride€with€the€Defendant€to€pick€up€Hebert€and€Ô_ÔDowellÔ_Ô,€but€said€that€sheÐ "$r# Ðwould€not€go€inside.€€Ð %X $ ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€eventually€arrived€at€Ô_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô's€apartment€and€testified€that€he€askedÐ Ô&$"& ÐÔ_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô€about€his€jacket€that€he€left€in€the€car.€€Ô_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô€told€the€Defendant€that€Ô_ÔCochranÔ_Ô€had€gottenÐ º' #' Ðthe€jacket€out€of€the€car€and€that€it€was€in€the€living€room.€€When€the€Defendant€retrieved€his€jacket,Ð  (ð#( Ðhe€realized€that€several€items,€including€$200.00€and€some€marijuana,€were€missing.€€The€DefendantÐ †)Ö$) Ðtalked€briefly€with€Ô_ÔCochranÔ_Ô€outside€while€Ô_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô€went€upstairs€to€change€clothes.€€Ô#†¼SP»XX-Lý"#ÔÔ‡X-LX»¼SPÔAfter€changingÐ l*¼%* Ðclothes,€Ô_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô€came€back€downstairs€about€the€time€that€the€Defendant€came€inside.€€Ð R+¢&+ ÐÐ 8,ˆ', Ðà  àAlthough€the€Defendant's€story€differs€as€to€what€occurred€next,€Hebert€and€Ô_ÔDowellÔ_Ô€testifiedÐ ° Ðthat€the€Defendant€began€to€accuse€Ô_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô€of€stealing.€€Ô_ÔDowellÔ_Ô€testified€that€the€Defendant€andÐ –æ ÐÔ_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô€were€arguing€"kind€of€loud."Ô#†¼SP»XX-LÙ(#ÔÔ‡X-LX»¼SPÔ€€Ô_ÔDowellÔ_Ô€also€noticed€that€the€Defendant€had€a€gun€strappedÐ |Ì Ðon€his€shoulder€underneath€his€jacket.€€When€Ô_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô€denied€the€allegation,€Hebert€and€Ô_ÔDowellÔ_ÔÐ b² Ðtestified€that€the€Defendant€pulled€out€a€gun€and€shot€Ô_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô.€€According€to€Hebert€and€Ô_ÔDowellÔ_Ô,Ð H˜ ÐÔ_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô€did€not€touch€the€Defendant€before€he€started€shooting.Ô#†¼SP»XX-Lt+#ÔÔ‡X-LX»¼SPÔ€€Hebert€testified€that€the€DefendantÐ . ~ Ðjust€began€shooting€for€no€apparent€reason.Ð  d ÐÌà  àSoon€after€the€Defendant€began€shooting,€Hebert€ran€outside,€and€Ô_ÔDowellÔ_Ô€ran€to€the€back€ofÐ à 0 Ðthe€apartment.€€Ô_ÔDowellÔ_Ô€testified€that€she€saw€the€first€shot€and€could€hear€more€shots€as€she€wasÐ Æ   Ðrunning€to€the€back€of€the€apartment.€€At€one€point,€Ô_ÔDowellÔ_Ô€testified€that€the€Defendant€walked€toÐ ¬ ü  Ðthe€back€of€the€apartment€where€she€was,€looked€at€her€for€a€moment,€and€then€returned€to€the€frontÐ ’â  Ðof€the€apartment.€€In€fear€that€she€might€be€shot€for€hiding,€Ô_ÔDowellÔ_Ô€went€to€the€front€of€the€apartmentÐ xÈ  Ðand€saw€the€Defendant€shoot€Ô_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô€one€more€time€in€the€mouth.€€€Ô_ÔDowellÔ_Ô€then€ran€outside€andÐ ^®  Ðfound€Hebert€hiding€in€the€bushes.Ð D”  ÐÌà  àHebert€testified€that€she€was€hiding€outside€with€a€view€of€the€apartment.€€She€saw€Ô_ÔDowellÔ_ÔÐ ` Ðrun€outside€and€saw€Ô_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô€lying€on€the€floor€and€Cole€sitting€on€the€living€room€couch.€€Ô#†¼SP»XX-Lì-#ÔÔ‡X-LX»¼SPÔHebertÐ öF Ðtestified€that€Cole€remained€sitting€on€the€living€room€couch€during€the€entire€confrontation€betweenÐ Ü, Ðthe€Defendant€and€Ô_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô.€€This€is€contradictory€to€the€Defendant's€testimony€that€Cole€had€beenÐ Â Ðinvolved€in€the€fight.€€The€Defendant€testified€that€Cole€was€pulling€at€the€Defendant's€pockets€andÐ ¨ø Ðclaimed€that€he€shot€Cole€only€to€make€him€let€go.€€Ô#†¼SP»XX-L…3#ÔÔ‡X-LX»¼SPÔÐ ŽÞ ÐÌà  àAfter€the€killings,€the€Defendant€and€Ô_ÔCochranÔ_Ô€got€into€the€Defendant's€car.€€Ô_ÔCochranÔ_Ô€askedÐ Zª ÐHebert€and€Ô_ÔDowellÔ_Ô€to€get€in€also.€€Hebert€and€Ô_ÔDowellÔ_Ô€got€into€the€car€and€saw€that€Shirley€Ô_ÔCrowellÔ_ÔÐ @ Ðwas€also€present.€€After€driving€a€short€distance€in€the€parking€lot,€the€Defendant€returned€toÐ &v ÐÔ_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô's€apartment€and€retrieved€Ô_ÔDowellÔ_Ô's€purse€as€well€as€the€gun€that€he€had€used€to€shootÐ  \ ÐÔ_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô€and€Cole.€€Ô_ÔCrowellÔ_Ô€made€some€threatening€statements€to€Hebert€and€Ô_ÔDowellÔ_Ô.€€HebertÐ òB Ðtestified€that€the€Defendant€told€her€and€Ô_ÔDowellÔ_Ô,€"I€am€sorry€Ô_Ôy'allÔ_Ô€had€to€see€that."€€€Ð Ø( ÐÌà  àWhen€police€arrived€at€Ô_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô's€apartment€after€the€shooting,€Ô_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô€was€found€lyingÐ ¤ô Ðon€the€floor€near€the€front€door,€and€Cole€was€found€lying€on€the€living€room€couch.€€Both€Ô_ÔChatmanÔ_ÔÐ Š Ú Ðand€Cole€had€been€shot€multiple€times.€€The€police€were€able€to€get€a€description€of€the€Defendant'sÐ p!À  Ðcar€from€neighbors€and€within€minutes€were€in€pursuit.€€During€the€pursuit,€Ô_ÔCrowellÔ_Ô€threw€the€gunÐ V"¦! Ðout€of€the€car€window.€€The€Defendant,€upon€realizing€that€the€police€were€behind€him,€put€the€carÐ <#Œ" Ðin€neutral€and€got€out€of€the€car.€€Everyone€fled€from€the€car,€except€for€Hebert,€who€jumped€intoÐ "$r# Ðthe€front€seat€to€stop€the€car€from€rolling.€€All€of€the€occupants€of€the€car,€including€the€Defendant,Ð %X $ Ðwere€found€and€taken€into€police€custody.€€The€police€also€found€the€nine€millimeter€semiautomaticÐ î%>!% Ðhandgun€on€a€sidewalk€near€the€Defendant's€car.Ð Ô&$"& Ðà@ìì*ìàˆÌà  àBoth€victims€were€pronounced€dead€upon€arriving€at€nearby€hospitals.€€Autopsies€performedÐ  (ð#( Ðon€the€victims€revealed€the€following:€(1)€Ô_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô€had€a€"contact"€wound€to€his€lower€left€abdomen,Ð †)Ö$) Ða€"close„range"€wound€to€his€upper€left€abdomen,€and€a€contusion€to€the€right€side€of€his€head;€(2)Ð l*¼%* Ðâ âCole€had€a€"close„range"€gunshot€wound€to€the€left€eyebrow€and€additional€gunshot€wounds€on€theÐ R+¢&+ Ðright€side€of€the€head€and€on€the€scrotum;€and€(3)€both€victims€tested€positive€for€cocaine,€marijuana,Ð ° Ðand€alcohol.€€Ð –æ Ðâ âÌà  àThe€Defendant€was€convicted€by€a€jury€of€first€degree€murder€for€the€death€of€Robert€ColeÐ b² Ðand€of€second€degree€murder€for€the€death€of€Michael€Ô_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô.€€The€Defendant€now€contends€thatÐ H˜ Ðthe€evidence€presented€at€trial€was€insufficient€to€sustain€his€convictions.€€In€addition,€the€DefendantÐ . ~ Ðargues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€admitting€a€number€of€crime€scene€and€autopsy€photographs€intoÐ  d Ðevidence.€€Ð ú J ÐÔ#†¼SP»XX-LŸ5#ÔÔ‡X-LX»¼SPÔÌÔ#†¼SP»XX-L•C#ÔÔ‡X-LX»¼SPÔà@  ìàò òI.€€SUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€EVIDENCEó óˆÐ Æ   ÐÌÔ‡X-LXXX-LÔà  àThe€Defendant€argues€that€the€evidence€presented€at€trial€is€insufficient€to€support€either€hisÐ ’â  Ðconviction€for€first€degree€murder€or€his€conviction€for€second€degree€murder.€€Viewing€the€evidenceÐ xÈ  Ðin€the€€light€most€favorable€to€the€State,€we€conclude€that€the€evidence€is€sufficient€to€support€bothÐ ^®  Ðconvictions.Ð D”  ÐÌà  àWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence,€this€Court€mustÐ ` Ðreview€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€prosecution€in€determining€"whether€'anyÐ öF Ðrational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonableÐ Ü, Ðdoubt.'"€€òòState€v.€Meadeóó,€942€S.W.2d€561,€564€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€1996)€(quoting€òòJackson€v.Ð Â ÐVirginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319€(1979)).€€Because€the€presumption€of€innocence€is€replaced€by€aÐ ¨ø Ðpresumption€of€guilt€upon€conviction,€a€convicted€criminal€defendant€bears€the€burden€of€showingÐ ŽÞ Ðthat€the€evidence€presented€at€trial€was€insufficient.€òòÔ_ÔMcBeeÔ_Ô€v.€Stateóó,€372€S.W.2d€173,€176€(Tenn.Ð tÄ Ð1963).€€This€Court€will€not€disturb€a€verdict€of€guilt€for€lack€of€sufficient€evidence€unless€the€factsÐ Zª Ðcontained€in€the€record€and€any€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€from€the€facts€are€insufficient,€asÐ @ Ða€matter€of€law,€for€a€rational€trier€of€fact€to€find€the€defendant€guilty€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€Ð &v ÐòòState€v.€Ô_ÔTuggleÔ_Ôóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).€€On€appeal,€this€Court€must€afford€the€State€"theÐ  \ Ðstrongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€as€well€as€all€reasonable€and€legitimate€inferences€that€mayÐ òB Ðbe€drawn€therefrom."€€òòId.óó€(citing€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978))Ô#†X-LXXX-LED#ÔÔ‡X-LXXX-LÔ.€€This€CourtÐ Ø( Ðwill€not€Ô_ÔreweighÔ_Ô€or€reevaluate€the€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Evansóó,€838€S.W.2d€185,€191€(Tenn.€1982)Ð ¾ Ð(citing€òòCabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€at€835).€€A€criminal€conviction€shall€be€set€aside€where€the€evidenceÐ ¤ô Ðis€"insufficient€to€support€the€findings€by€the€trier€of€fact€of€guilt€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt."€€Tenn.Ð Š Ú ÐR.€App.€P.€13(e).€€Ô#†X-LXXX-LL#ÔÐ p!À  ÐÌò òÓ  ÓA.€First€Degree€Murderó óÐ <#Œ" ÐÌÓ¢NÓà  àThe€Defendant€argues€that€the€evidence€presented€at€trial€was€insufficient€to€support€aÐ %X $ Ðconviction€for€first€degree€murder.€€Specifically,€the€Defendant€argues€that€he€did€not€act€withÐ î%>!% Ðpremeditation€when€shooting€Robert€Cole.€€We€disagree.Ð Ô&$"& ÐÌà  àFirst€degree€murder€is€the€premeditated€and€intentional€killing€of€another€person.€€Tenn.€CodeÐ  (ð#( ÐAnn.€ðð€39„13„202(a)(1).€€Once€a€homicide€has€been€established,€it€is€presumed€to€be€second€degreeÐ †)Ö$) Ðmurder,€and€the€State€has€the€burden€of€proving€premeditation€to€raise€the€offense€to€first€degreeÐ l*¼%* Ðâ âmurder.€€òòState€v.€Hallóó,€8€S.W.3d€593,€599€(Tenn.€1999)€(citing€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔNesbitÔ_Ôóó,€978€S.W.2d€872,€898Ð R+¢&+ Ð(Tenn.€1998)).€Premeditation€is€defined€as€"an€act€done€after€the€exercise€of€reflection€andÐ ° Ðjudgment."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„202(d).€Ð –æ Ðâ âà8  à"Premeditation"€means€that€the€intent€to€kill€must€have€been€formed€prior€to€the€actÐ |Ì Ðitself.€€It€is€not€necessary€that€the€purpose€to€kill€pre„exist€in€the€mind€of€the€accusedÐ b² Ðfor€any€definite€period€of€time.€€The€mental€state€of€the€accused€at€the€time€theÐ H˜ Ðaccused€allegedly€decided€to€kill€must€be€carefully€considered€in€order€to€determineÐ . ~ Ðwhether€the€accused€was€sufficiently€free€from€excitement€and€passion€as€to€beÐ  d Ðcapable€of€premeditation.Ðú JÐ Ð  Ѐ€Ð à 0 ÐòòId.óó€€Premeditation€is€the€process€of€thinking€about€a€proposed€killing€before€engaging€in€theÐ Æ   Ðhomicidal€conduct.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Brownóó,€836€S.W.2d€530,€540„41€(Tenn.€1992).Ð ¬ ü  ÐÌà  àThe€existence€of€premeditation€is€a€question€of€fact€for€the€jury€to€determine€and€may€beÐ xÈ  Ðinferred€from€the€circumstances€surrounding€the€offense.€€òòState€v.€Rosaóó,€996€S.W.2d€833,€837€(Tenn.Ð ^®  Ð1999)€(citing€òòBrownóó,€836€S.W.2d€at€539).€€The€use€of€a€deadly€weapon€upon€an€unarmed€victim€andÐ D”  Ða€defendant's€calmness€after€the€crime€may€support€the€existence€of€premeditation.€€òòId.óó€(citing€òòStateÐ *z  Ðv.€Blandóó,€958€S.W.2d€651,€660€(Tenn.€1997)).Ð ` Ðà  àÌà  àViewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€State,€a€jury€could€have€reasonablyÐ Ü, Ðfound€that€the€Defendant€shot€and€killed€victim€Cole€after€the€exercise€of€reflection€and€judgment.€Ð  ÐòòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„202(a)(1),€(d).€€It€is€undisputed€that€the€Defendant€shot€both€of€theÐ ¨ø Ðvictims.€€Allison€Ô_ÔDowellÔ_Ô€testified€that€when€the€Defendant€left€the€scene€the€first€time,€Cole€was€stillÐ ŽÞ Ðsitting€on€the€couch.€€Ô_ÔDowellÔ_Ô's€testimony€is€substantiated€by€that€of€Janet€Dixon,€a€resident€of€theÐ tÄ Ðadjoining€townhouse,€who€testified€that€she€heard€"three€popping€sounds,"€a€car€pull€away€and€comeÐ Zª Ðback,€and€then€more€popping€sounds.€€Hebert€also€testified€€that€when€she€came€back€to€the€front€ofÐ @ Ðthe€apartment€after€Ô_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô€had€been€shot,€she€saw€Cole€sitting€on€the€couch.€€No€evidence€wasÐ &v Ðpresented€at€trial€to€support€the€Defendant's€testimony€that€he€shot€Cole€immediately€after€he€shotÐ  \ ÐÔ_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô€because€Cole€would€not€let€go€of€the€Defendant's€pockets.€€Cole€was€unarmed€when€theÐ òB ÐDefendant€shot€him.Ð Ø( ÐÌà  àThe€testimony€at€trial€also€indicated€that€the€Defendant€was€unusually€calm€after€theÐ ¤ô Ðshootings.€€The€Defendant€testified€that€when€he€went€back€into€the€apartment€and€retrieved€the€gun,Ð Š Ú Ðthe€victims€were€convulsing€and€in€pain;€yet€he€did€not€call€for€an€ambulance.€€Instead,€theÐ p!À  ÐDefendant€got€into€his€car€and€drove€away.€€In€the€car,€he€told€Hebert€and€Ô_ÔDowellÔ_Ô€that€he€was€sorryÐ V"¦! Ðthat€they€had€to€see€what€had€happened.€€Hebert€testified€that€the€Defendant€was€the€"calmest€out€ofÐ <#Œ" Ðeverybody€there."€€These€circumstances€indicate€a€calmness€immediately€following€the€killings,Ð "$r# Ðwhich€supports€a€finding€of€premeditation.€€òòSeeóó€òòBlandóó,€958€S.W.2d€at€660.€€€€Thus,€there€is€nothingÐ %X $ Ðto€indicate€that€the€jury€acted€unreasonably€in€finding€that€the€Defendant€acted€with€a€previouslyÐ î%>!% Ðformed€intent€to€kill€when€he€shot€Cole.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„202(d).€€€Ð Ô&$"& ÐÌà@——ìàò òB.€Second€Degree€Murderó óˆÐ  (ð#( ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€argues€the€evidence€presented€at€trial€was€insufficient€to€convict€him€forÐ l*¼%* Ðsecond€degree€murder.€€Specifically,€the€Defendant€argues€that€the€offense€amounted€to,€at€most,€Ð R+¢&+ Ðvoluntary€manslaughter,€that€is,€an€"intentional€or€knowing€killing€of€another€in€a€state€of€passionÐ 8,ˆ', Ðproduced€by€adequate€provocation€sufficient€to€lead€a€reasonable€person€to€act€in€an€irrationalÐ ° Ðmanner."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„211(a).€€However,€it€is€the€opinion€of€this€Court€that€there€wasÐ –æ Ðample€evidence€in€the€record€to€establish€that€the€Defendant€knowingly€shot€and€killed€Ô_ÔChatmanÔ_ÔÐ |Ì Ðwithout€the€adequate€provocation€to€reduce€the€conviction€to€voluntary€manslaughter.€WitnessesÐ b² ÐHebert€and€Ô_ÔDowellÔ_Ô€both€testified€that€the€Defendant€was€the€one€who€confronted€Ô_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô€andÐ H˜ Ðaccused€him€of€stealing.€€Other€than€the€Defendant's€own€testimony,€there€is€no€evidence€thatÐ . ~ ÐÔ_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô€provoked€or€attacked€the€Defendant.€€Ð  d ÐÌà  àWhether€acts€constitute€a€knowing€killing,€so€as€to€support€a€conviction€for€second€degreeÐ à 0 Ðmurder,€or€a€killing€due€to€adequate€provocation,€so€as€to€support€a€conviction€for€voluntaryÐ Æ   Ðmanslaughter,€is€a€question€for€the€jury.€€òòState€v.€Johnsonóó,€909€S.W.2d€461,€464€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.Ð ¬ ü  Ð1995).€€In€this€case,€the€jury€was€instructed€on€both€the€offense€of€voluntary€manslaughter€and€thatÐ ’â  Ðof€second€degree€murder€and€determined€that€the€Defendant€was€guilty€of€second€degree€murder.€Ð xÈ  ÐIt€was€within€the€jury's€prerogative€to€reject€the€notion€of€provocation.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€€Ð ^®  ÐÌÔ#†¼SP»XX-LØC#ÔÔ‡X-LX»¼SPÔà  à€Ô% €) ÔÔ#†¼SP»XX-Ltj#ÔÔ‡X-LX»¼SPÔà@[[ ìàò òII.€€THE€PHOTOGRAPHSó óˆÐ *z  ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€admitting€certain€crime€scene€and€autopsyÐ öF Ðphotographs€into€evidence.€€It€is€within€the€discretion€of€the€trial€court€to€admit€photographs€intoÐ Ü, Ðevidence,€and€such€a€ruling€shall€not€be€reversed€absent€a€clear€showing€of€abuse.€€òòState€v.€Banksóó,Ð Â Ð564€S.W.2d€947,€949€(Tenn.€1978).€€Evidence€shall€be€excluded€where€the€probative€value€isÐ ¨ø Ðsubstantially€outweighed€by€the€danger€of€unfair€prejudice.€€Tenn.€R.€Ô_ÔEvidÔ_Ô.€403.€€Because€theÐ ŽÞ Ðprobative€value€of€the€photographs€outweighs€any€potential€prejudicial€effects,€we€find€that€the€trialÐ tÄ Ðcourt€correctly€allowed€the€photographs€to€be€admitted€into€evidence.Ð Zª ÐÌà@ìàò òA.€Crime€Scene€PhotographsˆÐ &v Ðó óÌà  àThe€Defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€admitting€into€evidence€several€photographsÐ òB Ðof€the€crime€scene.€€Specifically,€the€Defendant€argues€that€the€probative€value€of€the€evidence€wasÐ Ø( Ðoutweighed€by€the€danger€of€unfair€prejudice.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€Ô_ÔEvidÔ_Ô.€403.€€The€basis€of€this€argumentÐ ¾ Ðis€that€the€pictures€were€unduly€gruesome€and€should€not€have€been€admitted€because€other€lessÐ ¤ô Ðinflammatory€evidence€could€have€been€used€instead.€€We€disagree.Ð Š Ú ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€in€admitting€photographs€of€the€crime€scene€intoÐ V"¦! Ðevidence.€€€All€of€the€crime€scene€photographs€were€relevant€to€the€location€of€the€victims'€bodiesÐ <#Œ" Ðand€to€other€key€evidence€in€this€case.€€One€photograph€was€admitted€to€show€where€Cole's€bodyÐ "$r# Ðwas€found€because€the€manner€and€location€in€which€Cole€was€shot€was€in€dispute.€€Two€other€crimeÐ %X $ Ðscene€photographs€were€probative€of€the€damage€done€to€the€room€that€may€have€resulted€from€aÐ î%>!% Ðscuffle.€€These€photographs€contain€placards€pointing€out€where€various€pieces€of€evidence€wereÐ Ô&$"& Ðlocated€in€the€room€and€thus€are€probative€of€the€location€in€which€evidence€was€found€at€the€scene.€Ð º' #' ÐThe€final€crime€scene€photograph€that€was€objected€to€shows€a€bullet€hole€in€one€of€the€pillows€onÐ  (ð#( Ðthe€couch.€€This€photograph€was€used€to€assist€Detective€Tim€Mason€with€his€testimony€at€trial€andÐ †)Ö$) Ðwas€also€probative€of€the€manner€and€location€in€which€Cole€was€shot.€€The€photographs€admittedÐ l*¼%* Ðâ âinto€evidence€are€not€unduly€gruesome€and€thus€not€unfairly€prejudicial.€€€Although€it€is€unfortunateÐ R+¢&+ Ðthat€the€photographs€of€the€room,€and€the€furniture€therein,€contained€blood€stains€from€the€murders,Ð ° Ðthe€probative€value€of€the€living€room€layout€outweighs€any€prejudicial€effect.Ð –æ Ðâ âÌà@ÙÙìàò òB.€Autopsy€PhotographsˆÐ b² Ðó óÌà  àThe€Defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€admitting€autopsy€photographs€of€bothÐ . ~ Ðvictims.€€Specifically,€the€Defendant€argues€that€the€medical€testimony€presented€by€the€StateÐ  d Ðadequately€described€the€degree€and€extent€of€the€victims'€injuries,€reducing€the€probative€value€ofÐ ú J Ðthe€pictures.€€However,€it€is€the€opinion€of€this€Court€that€the€probative€value€of€the€photographsÐ à 0 Ðoutweighed€any€prejudicial€effects€and€thus€were€properly€admitted€into€evidence.Ð Æ   ÐÌà  àThe€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€has€held€that€photographs€of€a€corpse€are€"admissible€inÐ ’â  Ðmurder€prosecutions€if€they€are€relevant€to€the€issues€on€trial,€notwithstanding€their€gruesome€andÐ xÈ  Ðhorrifying€character."€€òòBanksóó,€564€S.W.2d€at€950„51.€€However,€where€medical€testimony€adequatelyÐ ^®  Ðdescribes€the€degree€or€extent€of€injuries,€such€photographs€should€generally€be€excluded.€€òòState€v.Ð D”  ÐCollinsóó,€986€S.W.2d€13,€21€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€1998).€€Ð *z  ÐÌà  àIn€this€case,€the€autopsy€photographs€were€used€by€the€State€to€show€entry€and€exit€wounds,Ð öF Ðas€well€as€the€range€at€which€the€victims€were€shot.€€This€evidence€directly€relates€to€the€State'sÐ Ü, Ðposition€regarding€the€manner€in€which€the€victims€were€killed.€€The€number€and€location€of€theÐ Â Ðwounds€were€relevant€to€the€State's€argument€that€the€shootings€were€premeditated€and€intentional.€Ð ¨ø ÐWe€therefore€conclude€that€the€trial€court€did€not€err€by€admitting€autopsy€photographs€of€theÐ ŽÞ Ðvictims.Ð tÄ ÐÌÔ#†¼SP»XX-LÐj#ÔÔ‡X-LX»¼SPÔà@FF%ìàò òCONCLUSIONó óˆÐ @ ÐÌà  àWe€conclude€that€the€evidence€presented€at€trial€is€sufficient€to€support€both€of€theÐ  \ ÐDefendant's€convictions.€€On€the€basis€of€the€evidence€in€the€record,€a€reasonable€jury€could€haveÐ òB Ðfound€that€the€Defendant€was€guilty€of€second€degree€murder€for€the€knowing€killing€of€MichaelÐ Ø( ÐÔ_ÔChatmanÔ_Ô€and€of€first€degree€murder€for€the€premeditated€murder€of€Robert€Cole.€€Furthermore,€weÐ ¾ Ðconclude€that€the€trial€court€properly€admitted€into€evidence€the€photographs€at€issue.€€The€probativeÐ ¤ô Ðvalue€of€the€photographs€outweighs€any€potential€prejudicial€effects.€€Finding€no€error€in€the€recordÐ Š Ú Ðbefore€us,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.Ð p!À  ÐÌÌÌà  àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€accordingly€AFFIRMED.Ð %X $ ÐÌà  àÌà  àÔ#†¼SP»XX-L£~#ÔÔ€X-LX»¼SPÔÌÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð R+¢&+ Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àROBERT€W.€WEDEMEYER,€JUDGE