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L  JosephF.Harrison,AssistantPublicDefender,_Blountville_,Tennessee,fortheappellant,Tommy $"t! LeeHenry. #`" PaulG.Summers,AttorneyGeneralandReporter;P.RobinDixon,Jr.,AssistantAttorneyGeneral; $8 $ H.GreeleyWells,Jr.,DistrictAttorneyGeneral;andJosephEugenePerrin,AssistantDistrict %$!% AttorneyGeneral,fortheappellee,StateofTennessee. &"& @66' OPINION #YXX #X XYԈ (#( @_ _  I.ProceduralandFactualBackground  p*%* #YXX $#X XY  OnOctober10,2000,theSullivanCountyGrandJurychargedtheDefendant,TommyHenry, H,', inathreecountpresentmentwithonecountofpossessionofaScheduleIIcontrolledsubstance, 4-(-k _specificallycocaine,withintenttosellordeliver,aClassCfelony;andwithtwocountsof  possessionofdrugparaphernalia.OnOctober15,2001,theDefendantenteredanAlfordplea,see  generally X XXX NorthCarolinav.Alford,400U.S.25(1970),#X XX X #Ԁtothelesserincludedoffenseofpossession  ofaScheduleIIcontrolledsubstanceandtoonecountofpossessionofdrugparaphernalia,both t ClassAmisdemeanors.Pursuanttothepleaagreement,thetrialcourtsentencedtheDefendantto ` elevenmonthsandtwentyninedaysforhisconvictionforpossessionofcocaineandorderedthe L  Defendanttopayafineintheamountof$250.00.Fortheconvictionforpossessionofdrug 8  paraphernalia,thetrialcourtsentencedtheDefendanttoelevenmonthsandtwentyninedaysand $ t orderedhimtopayafineintheamountof$150.00.Pursuanttotheagreement,thetrialcourt  ` orderedthattheDefendantservethesentencesconsecutively,resultinginaneffectivesentenceof  L  oneyear,elevenmonths,andtwentyeightdays.  8    OnJanuary14,2002,thetrialcourtconductedasentencinghearing,solelytodeterminethe   mannerofserviceofthesentences.Attheconclusionofthehearing,thetrialcourtdeniedprobation   fortheDefendantsconvictionforpossessionofcocaine,orderingtheDefendanttoservethe   sentenceinjailwithaseventyfivepercentreleaseeligibilitydate.However,thecourtorderedthe   Defendanttoservehissentenceforpossessionofdrugparaphernaliaonsupervisedprobation.In p thisappealasofright,theDefendantarguesthatthetrialcourterredbydenyingalternative \ sentencing.Afterareviewoftherecord,weaffirmthejudgmentofthetrialcourt. H   Atthepleahearing,theStatesummarizedthefactsunderlyingthechargesinthiscaseas  p follows:  \ 8  [T]hisisacaseinwhich[apoliceofficer]wasdispatchedtothe[D]efendants H residence.Thecallhadcomeinfrom[theDefendants]exwife.[Theofficer]went 4 thereforpurposesofinvestigatingacallofadomesticdisturbance.    8   ` ...When[theofficer]walkedintotheresidenceofthe[D]efendant,she   immediatelynoticed,inplainview,anumberofpiecesofdrugparaphernalia,which  include[d]amirrorwhichhadawhitepowderyresidue,somealuminumcanswith  burnedresiduewhichwouldbeconsistentwithsmokingCocaine,andplasticbaggies  withthecornerscutout.Shealsonoticedonthecoffeetable,inplainview,asaucer l witha...powderyresidue.Underneaththecoffeetableweretwobaggiecorners X  withawhitepowderyresidue.ThesubstanceslatertestedpositiveforCocaine,a D! ScheduleIIcontrolledsubstance.0"    8   ` [Theofficer]spokebrieflyto[theDefendant]whilehewasdownstairs.[The #l! Defendant]thenranupstairswhichcausedherconcern.Andwhenshefollowedhim $X" intooneofthebedrooms,shenoticedthat[theDefendant]wasinpossessionofa $D # largeamountofmoney,aswellasadditionalbaggieswiththecornerscut[]out.[The %0!$ Defendant]waslaterplacedunderarrest.&"%   8   ` ...[A]numberofitemsofparaphernaliaweresenttotheTennesseeBureau '#& ofInvestigationCrimeLaboratoryforpurposesofprocessingtheitemstoseeiflatent (#' fingerprintswerepresent.Alatentfingerprintwasdevelopedoffofoneofthe )$( saucerswhichcontainedsomeoftheCocaineresidueandthatlatentwaspositively |*%) identified...asbeingthefingerprintof...the[D]efendant.h+&*   8   ` ThisoccurredwithinthecitylimitsofKingsportandcountyboundariesof  SullivanCounty,Tennessee.   TheDefendant,whilenotagreeingthatalloftheabovefactsweretrue,stipulatedtothesefactsfor t purposesofthepleahearing. `   Atthealternativesentencinghearing,onlytheDefendanttestified.Hestatedthathewas 8  fortyfiveyearsoldandthathewaslivingwithhismotheratthetimeofthehearing.Healso $ t testifiedthathewasseparatedfromhiswife,JacquelineHenry,withwhomhehadsixchildren.He  ` reportedthatallofhischildrenwereovertheageofeighteen.  L    TheDefendanttestifiedthathehadattendedDobynsBennettHighSchool,whereheplayed $  footballandbasketballandrantrack.Hestatedthataftergraduatingfromhighschool,hereceived   apartialbasketballscholarshiptoGardnerWebbUniversity,whichheattendeduntilhisscholarship   wasdepleted.HethenreceivedafullbasketballscholarshiptoRoaneStateCommunityCollege,   whichheattendeduntilhisscholarshipwasdepleted.Hereportedthatheattendedatotalof   approximatelytwoandonehalfyearsofcollege. p   TheDefendanttestifiedthataftercollege,heworkedonafairlysteadybasis.Hereported H thatatthetimeofthehearing,hewasdetailingcarsforLucasMotors.Healsostatedthathehad 4 recentlyobtainedemploymentasanelectricianshelperatDavisElectricinKingsport.Hestated  p thatheplannedtoworkfulltimeforDavisElectricatanhourlyrateof$15.80.  \   TheDefendanttestifiedthathehadnotbeenconvictedofanycrimesforapproximatelythe 4 fifteenyearspriortothehearing.However,headmittedthatbetweentheagesoftwentyeightand   thirty,hewroteanumberofbadchecks.TheDefendantmaintainedthatatthetimeofthehearing,   hehadpaidallofthechecksinfull.Hestatedthatheinitiallypaidoffsomeofthechecks,thatsome  ofthechargesforwritingbadcheckshadbeendismissed,andthathehadreceivedsomeconvictions  forthecrimes.TheDefendantexplainedthathereceivedthebadcheckchargesafterhewas laid  offfromwork.Hetestifiedthatatthetime,hewasmarriedandlivinginanewhouse,andhedid l nothavemoneytobuynecessitiesforhisfamily.Heclaimedthathewroteeachofthecheckstobuy X  groceriesandstatedthatmostofthebadcheckswerewrittenforanamountofapproximately$30 D! to$40. 0"    TheDefendantfurthertestifiedthathedidnotusedrugsandthathedrankonlyoccasionally. $X" Healsomaintainedthatithadbeentwoorthreemonthssincehehaddrunkanyalcoholicbeverages. $D # TheDefendantadmittedthatafterbeingchargedwiththecrimesinthiscase,hewassubsequently %0!$ chargedwithsellinglessthanonehalfofagramofcocaine.However,hestatedthathehadentered &"% apleaofnotguiltytothecharge,andhemaintainedthathewasinnocentofthecharge.Finally,he '#& testifiedthatifheweretobegrantedalternativesentencing,hecouldabidebyanyandallconditions (#' imposedbythecourt. )$(   |*%)   Oncrossexamination,theDefendantadmittedthathehadalsobeenconvictedofassaultwith   adeadlyweaponandofdrivingwithasuspendedlicense.Hefurtheradmittedthatatthetimeofhis  arrestforthechargesinthiscase,hehad$1,350.00inhispossession.However,heclaimedthathe  hadsavedthemoneytobuyacar.Inaddition,theDefendantexplainedthathisfingerprintwhich t wasfoundonamirroralongwithotherdrugparaphernaliaatthetimeofhisarrestwaslikelyonthe ` mirrorbecauseheusedthemirrorwhenheshavedandcuthishair.Finally,headmittedthaton L  August30,2001,whilethiscasewaspending,hewaschargedwithsellinglessthan.5gramsof 8  cocaine,possessionoflessthan.5gramsofcocaine,andpossessionofmarijuana.Allofthese $ t chargeswerependingatthetimeofthehearinginthiscase.TheState,withtheagreementofthe  ` Defendant,enteredintoevidencethecontentsofanaffidavitofcomplaintconcerningthe  L  Defendantspendingcharges.  8  @$ II.Analysis      TheDefendantnowcontendsthathewasimproperlysentenced.Thesoleissueisthemanner   ofserviceofthepossessionofcocainesentence. X XXX Ԁ#X XX X g6# X XXX Inmisdemeanorsentencing,aseparatesentencing   hearingisnotmandatory,butthetrialcourtisrequiredtoallowthepartiesareasonableopportunity p tobeheardonthequestionofthemannerinwhichitistobeserved.Tenn.CodeAnn. \ 40-35-302(a).Inthiscase,thetrialcourtdidso.Further,thesentenceimposedmustbespecificand H consistentwiththepurposesandprinciplesoftheCriminalSentencingReformActof1989.Id. 4 40-35-302(b).Apercentageofnotgreaterthanseventy-fivepercentofthesentenceshouldbefixed  p forservice,afterwhichtheDefendantbecomeseligiblefor workrelease,furlough,trustystatusand  \ relatedrehabilitativeprograms.Id.40-35-302(d). H   Themisdemeanant,unlikethefelon,isnotentitledtothepresumptionofaminimum   sentence.Statev.Creasy,885S.W.2d829,832(Tenn.Crim.App.1994).However,indetermining   thepercentageofthesentencetobeservedinactualconfinement,thecourtmustconsider  enhancementandmitigatingfactorsaswellasthepurposesandprinciplesoftheCriminal  SentencingReformActof1989,andthecourtshouldnotimposesuchpercentagesarbitrarily.Tenn.  CodeAnn.40-35-302(d). l   Whenacriminaldefendantchallengesthelength,range,ormannerofserviceofasentence, D! thereviewingcourtmustconductadenovoreviewofthesentencewithapresumptionthatthe 0"  determinationsmadebythetrialcourtarecorrect.Id.40-35-401(d).TheTennesseeSupreme #l! Courthasheldthatinmisdemeanorsentencingatrialcourtisnotrequiredtoplacespecificfindings $X" ontherecord.Statev.Troutman,979S.W.2d271,274(Tenn.1998).Atrialcourtneedonly $D # considertheprinciplesofsentencingandtheenhancementandmitigatingfactorsinordertocomply %0!$ withthelegislativemandatesofthemisdemeanorsentencingstatute.Id.Inthiscase,todetermine &"% themannerofserviceofthesentences,thetrialcourtconsideredappropriateenhancementand '#& mitigatingfactorsandtheprinciplesofsentencing.Therefore,ourreviewinthiscaseisdenovo (#' withapresumptionofcorrectness. )$(   |*%)   Ifourreviewreflectsthatthetrialcourtfollowedthestatutorysentencingprocedure,thatthe   courtimposedalawfulsentenceafterhavinggivendueconsiderationandproperweighttothe  factorsandprinciplessetoutunderthesentencinglaw,andthatthetrialcourt'sfindingsoffactare  adequatelysupportedbytherecord,thenwemaynotmodifythesentence evenifwewouldhave t preferredadifferentresult.Statev.Fletcher,805S.W.2d785,789(Tenn.Crim.App.1991).The ` defendantbearstheburdenofshowingtheimproprietyofthesentenceimposed.Ashby,823S.W.2d L  166,169(Tenn.1991). 8    TheDefendantarguesthatheshouldhavebeengrantedsomeformofprobation.In  ` determiningwhethertograntordenyprobation,thetrialcourtmayconsiderthecircumstancesof  L  theoffense;thedefendantscriminalrecord,backgroundandsocialhistory;thedefendant'sphysical  8  andmentalhealth;thedeterrenteffectonothercriminalactivity;andthelikelihoodthatprobation $  isinthebestinterestsofboththepublicandthedefendant.Statev.Parker,932S.W.2d945,958   (Tenn.Crim.App.1996).TheDefendantbearstheburdenofestablishingsuitabilityforprobation.   Tenn.CodeAnn.40-35-303(b);Ashby,823S.W.2dat169.     Attheconclusionofthesentencinghearing,thetrialcourtfoundthattheDefendant for p aboutthelasttenorfifteen(15)years,hasdoneprettygoodasfarasdevelopinganynewcharges. \ However,thetrialjudgenotedthattheDefendantspresentencereportcontainedfivepageslisting H priorconvictions.Henotedthatmostoftheconvictionswereforwritingbadchecksbutstatedthat 4 thereportalsocontainedconvictionsforatleastonepriorassaultandother [a]ssaultand  p [b]atteries.  \   Thetrialcourtalsostated, H 8   ` The[D]efendant,onthepositiveside,didgoaconsiderableamountoftime 4 withoutanygreatdifficulty.Hehadsomecollege.Hesahighschoolgraduate.   Evidentlywasanexcellentathlete....[H]edeniescurrentdrugusageand...drinks   socially.Amixedbag.   8   ` Imnotgoingtotrytoresolvehisguiltorinnocencebecausethatsbeyond  areasonabledoubtstandard.TherearestrongindicationsfromtheAffidavitthat.  ..cocaineandmarijuanawas[sic]foundinthecarhewasdriving.Strong l circumstantialevidencethathewasdealingindrugs....[T]hatsanegativefactor, X  butImhesitanttosayamansguiltybeforeheshadajurytrialinacase....But D! evenwithoutthat...hispriorrecord...issubstantial,althoughpettyinmost 0"  respects,smallchecks[,]....[p]riorassaults.#l!   Thecourtfurthernotedthattherewas someindication[thattheDefendant]hasdrugproblems. $X"   Baseduponthesefindings,thetrialcourtdeniedalternativesentencingwithregardtothe %0!$ Defendantsconvictionforpossessionofcocaine.#X XX X 6# X XXX ԀHowever,#X XX X HP# X XXX Ԁthetrialcourtgrantedprobationasto &"% theDefendantsconvictionforpossessionofdrugparaphernalia.Weconcludethatthecourtsdenial '#& ofalternativesentencingwithregardtotheDefendantsconvictionforpossessionofcocaineis (#' adequatelysupportedbytherecord.Asnotedbythetrialcourt,theDefendantspresentencereport )$( indicatesalengthycriminalhistory.Therecordincludesconvictionsforseveraltrafficoffenses,a |*%) convictionfordrivingwithasuspendedlicense,numerousconvictionsforwritingbadorworthless h+&* checks,aconvictionforassaultwithadeadlyweapon,twoconvictionsforassaultandbattery,and  aconvictionfordamagetoprivateproperty.Althoughmostofthesecrimesare,asthetrialcourt  stated, pettyinnature,theforegoingisclearlyalengthycriminalrecord.Weagreewiththetrial  courtsdeterminationthatajailsentencewasappropriateforthepossessionofcocaineconviction.#X XX X P# X XXX  t   Accordingly,weAFFIRMthejudgmentofthetrialcourt.  ` #X XX X RU#   `     h     ___________________________________      `     h     ROBERTW.WEDEMEYER,JUDGE