ÿWPCæ" …# V %a 0Æg4- A 0 P Z wäb 0DFUNŠ 0JØ 0T" 0^v 0hÔ 0r< 0|® 0†* 0° 1u@ 0dµ  BU><U*zB)¤DCÍ AM D3]µkE 0@°v~ðvÓn AOA!Æ! 0DV" D/š" BÉ"˜HP LaserJet 4 PlusHPPCL5MS,ð,,,,,ð0nLhÎX(žjÆ$¡¡Ñ` ` ÑÑÜÜÑÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÓÓÚƒç"3|x…(º(3eB$¤¤Ý ƒjÆ!ÝÑ` °ÑÑܰÑÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÓÓÝ  Ýà Œ àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóP+P,D-P.D/U0U123D45D67D89E:;<E=>?D@AEBCEDEEFGDHIEJKDLDMNODPQDRSDTUEVWDXYEZ[D\]^D_`EabcEd[efEghiEjklmEnoDpUq DrsDt}euvwExyDzÓ€(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman Regular2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓH d< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d''''7Border 1dd€-(Cþÿ << Gÿÿ$$$$'ÿÿdxd «Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€%ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÔ€&ÔÔ€&ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€&XÔÌÌò òDecemberÏ18,Ï1997ÌÌCecilÏCrowson,ÏJr.ÌÔ€&ôÔAppellateÏCourtÏClerkó ó aÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€%ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€%ôÔÔ€&ÔÓÓIn€count€one,€the€defendant€was€found€guilty€as€charged€and€received€a€life€sentence;€inÏcount€five,€the€defendant€was€convicted€of€the€lesser€offense€of€assault€and€battery€and€received€aÏsentence€of€eleven€months,€twenty„nine€days.€€Habeas€corpus€relief€is€inappropriate€for€count€fiveÏbecause€that€sentence€has€already€been€served;€the€defendant€is€only€incarcerated€now€for€theÏservice€of€his€life€sentence.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€29„21„101.€€We€will€nevertheless€address€theÏmerits€of€the€issue.Ì("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  ÒPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÒ  ion-F Geneva Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€%ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  Ý›Ñ7€›WXdìdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÔ€&Ԝـ€ÙßR€)+(A1-j|` ´- `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌà@ àòòIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEóóÌà@ àòòAT€KNOXVILLEóóÌà@ àOCTOBER€1997€SESSIONÌÌRANDY€HENSLEY,à àà àà à*à àC.C.A.€#€€03C01„9703„CR„00106Ìà àà àAppellant,à àà à*à àJOHNSON€COUNTYÌVS.à àà àà àà àà à*à àHon.€Lynn€Brown,€JudgeÌÓÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà à*à à(Habeas€Corpus)ÌÌà àà àAppellee.à àà à*ÌÌÌÌÌÌòòFor€Appellantóó:à àà àà àà àòòFor€Appelleeóó:ÌÌRandy€Hensley,€Pro€Seà àà àà àJohn€Knox€WalkupÌ#€099477€NECCà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌP.O.€Box€5000€à àÌMountain€City,€TN€€37683à àà àà àMichael€J.€Fahey,€IIà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àDavid€E.€Crockett€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àRoute€19,€Box€99Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àJohnson€City,€TN€€37601ÌÌà àà àÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:__________________________ÌÌÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌÌÌGARY€R.€WADE,€JUDGEÇÓÓà@ àòòOPINIONóóÌà àà àThe€petitioner,€Randy€Hensley,€appeals€the€trial€court's€denial€of€hisÏpetition€for€habeas€corpus€relief.€€The€single€issue€presented€for€review€is€whetherÏhis€indictments€for€robbery€and€assault€with€intent€to€commit€murder,€both€of€whichÏled€to€convictions,× ƒ, ××  ×€were€void€for€the€failure€to€include€all€of€the€essential€elementsÏof€the€crime.€€In€particular,€the€petitioner€argues€that€his€indictments€failed€to€assertÏthe€requisite€mens€rea.€€It€is€the€contention€of€the€petitioner€that,€due€to€the€faultyÏindictments,€the€trial€court€lacked€jurisdiction€to€enter€a€conviction€or€impose€aÏsentence.€€ÌÌà àà àWe€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.€€ÌÌà àà àThe€Greene€County€indictments€at€issue€provided,€in€part,€as€follows:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àCount€One:€€[D]id€unlawfully€and€feloniously€and€forciblyÏtake€from€the€person€of€another€...€[the€victim]€...€byÏviolence€or€putting€[the€victim]€in€fear.€€The€robbery€wasÏaccomplished€by€the€use€of€a€deadly€weapon.€€ÌÌà8 àà8 àCount€Five:€€[D]id€unlawfully€and€feloniously€and€withÏmalice€aforethought€assault€[the€victim]€with€the€intent€toÏcommit€murder€in€the€first€degree....€€ÌÌÌÌÓÓà àà àA€writ€of€habeas€corpus€may€be€granted€only€when€the€petitioner€hasÏestablished€lack€of€jurisdiction€for€the€order€of€confinement€or€that€he€is€otherwiseÏentitled€to€immediate€release€because€of€the€expiration€of€his€sentence.€€òòSeeóóÏòòUssery€v.€Averyóó,€432€S.W.2d€656€(Tenn.€1968);€òòState€ex€rel.€Wade€v.€Norvellóó,€443ÏS.W.2d€839€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1969).€€Habeas€corpus€relief€is€available€in€this€stateÏonly€when€it€appears€on€the€face€of€the€judgment€or€the€record€that€the€trial€courtÏwas€without€jurisdiction€to€convict€or€sentence€the€defendant€or€that€the€sentence€ofÏimprisonment€has€otherwise€expired.€€òòArcher€v.€Stateóó,€851€S.W.2d€157,€164€(Tenn.Ï1993);€òòPotts€v.€Stateóó,€833€S.W.2d€60,€62€(Tenn.€1992).€€ÌÌà àà àTennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€39„11„301(c)€(1989)€provides€that€"[i]fÏthe€definition€of€an€offense€within€this€title€does€not€plainly€dispense€with€the€mentalÏelement,€intent,€knowledge€or€recklessness€suffices€to€establish€the€culpableÏmental€state."€€In€òòState€v.€Roger€Dale€Hill,€Sr.óó,€No.€01C01„9508„CC„00267€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.,€at€Nashville,€June€20,€1996),€òòrev'dóó,€_____S.W.2d€_____,€No.€œ01„S„01„9701„CC„00005›€(Tenn.,€at€Nashville,€Nov.€3,€1997),€a€panel€of€this€court€ruled€thatÍthe€statutory€offense€of€rape€did€not€"plainly€dispense"€with€a€mens€rea€of€the€crimeÏand€thus,€the€indictment,€which€did€not€allege€a€mens€rea,€did€not€include€anÏessential€element€of€the€œoffense€and€was,€therefore,€void.€€›ÌÌà àà àOn€appeal,€our€supreme€court€overruled€the€intermediate€courtÏopinion,€holding€as€follows:€€ÌÒ ä ÒÒ  ÒÓÓ[F]or€offenses€which€neither€expressly€require€nor€plainlyÏdispense€with€the€requirement€for€a€culpable€mentalÏstate,€an€indictment€which€fails€to€allege€such€mentalÏstate€will€be€sufficient€to€support€prosecution€andÏconviction€for€that€offense€so€long€asÌÌÒ < ÒÒ ` Ò(1)€€the€language€of€the€indictment€isÏsufficient€to€meet€the€constitutionalÏrequirements€of€notice€to€the€accused€ofÏthe€charge€against€which€the€accused€mustÏdefend,€adequate€basis€for€entry€of€aÏproper€judgment,€and€protection€fromÏdouble€jeopardy;ÌÌ(2)€€the€form€of€the€indictment€meets€theÏrequirements€of€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„13„202;€andÌÌ(3)€€the€mental€state€can€be€logicallyÏinferred€from€the€conduct€alleged.ÌÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÓÓÌòòHillóó,€_____S.W.2d_____,€slip€op.€at€3.€€The€court€ultimately€ruled€that€the€indictmentÏfor€aggravated€rape€was€sufficient€because€"the€act€for€which€the€defendant€[was]Íindicted,€'unlawful€sexual€penetration'€...€is€committable€only€if€the€principal€actor'sÏòòmensóó€òòreaóó€is€intentional,€knowing,€or€reckless.€€Thus,€the€required€mental€state€mayÏbe€inferred€from€the€nature€of€the€criminal€conduct€alleged."€€òòId.óó,€slip€op.€at€9.ÌÌà àà àGenerally,€an€indictment€must€set€forth€the€elements€of€the€offense.€ÏòòState€v.€Perkinsonóó,€867€S.W.2d€1,€5€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992).€€It€is€settled€law€thatÏ"[w]hen€the€indictment€or€presentment€fails€to€fully€state€the€crime,€all€subsequentÏproceedings€are€void."€€òòId.óó€(citing€òòState€v.€Morganóó,€598€S.W.2d€796,€797€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1979)).€€The€historical€significance€of€the€indictment€is€well€documentedÏin€the€federal€courts:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àThe€general€...€and€universal€rule€...€is€that€all€theÏmaterial€facts€and€circumstances€embraced€in€theÏdefinition€of€the€offense€must€be€stated,€or€the€indictmentÏwill€be€defective.€€No€essential€element€of€the€crime€canÏbe€omitted€without€destroying€the€whole€pleading.€€TheÏomission€cannot€be€supplied€by€intendment€orÏimplication,€and€the€charge€must€be€made€directly,€andÏnot€inferentially€or€by€way€of€recital.€€ÌÌÓÓòòUnited€States€v.€Hessóó,€124€U.S.€483,€8€S.€Ct.€571,€573€(1888).€€The€provisions€ofÏour€state€and€federal€constitutions€guarantee€the€criminally€accused€knowledge€ofÏthe€"nature€and€cause€of€the€accusation."€€U.€S.€Const.€amend.€VI;€Tenn.€Const.€artÏI,€ðð9.€€"Fair€and€reasonable€notice€of€the€charges€against€an€accused€is€aÏfundamental€constitutional€requirement."€€òòState€v.€Trustyóó,€919€S.W.2d€305,€309Í(Tenn.€1996).€€To€be€sufficient,€an€indictment€must€"inform€the€defendant€of€theÏprecise€charges;€...€must€enable€the€trial€court€upon€conviction€to€enter€anÏappropriate€judgment;€...€and€must€protect€[the]€defendant€against€doubleÏjeopardy."€€òòId.óó€€As€a€matter€of€fairness,€the€constitutional€requirement€is€designed€toÏafford€the€criminally€accused€with€an€adequate€opportunity€to€prepare€any€defenseÏbefore€the€trial.€€òòSeeóó,€òòe.g.óó,€òòPope€v.€Stateóó,€258€S.W.€775€(Tenn.€1924);€òòDaniel€v.ÏStateóó,€50€Tenn.€257€(1871).€€ÌÌà àà àSuch€a€rigid€rule€has€occasionally€caused€harsh€results€from€theÏperspective€of€the€state.€€At€times,€convictions€have€been€set€aside€even€though€theÏprosecution€gains€no€advantage:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àà àAt€common€law,€even€the€slightest€technicalÏdefect€might€fell€an€indictment.€€Sir€Matthew€HaleÏlamented€the€strictness€with€which€indictments€wereÏviewed€as€a€"blemish€and€inconvenience€of€the€law"Ïwhereby€"heinous€and€crying€offenses€escape€by€theseÏunseemly€niceties€to€the€reproach€of€the€law,€to€theÏshame€of€the€government,€and€to€the€encouragement€ofÏvillainy,€and€to€the€dishonor€of€God."€€2€Sir€MatthewÏHale,€òòThe€History€of€the€Pleas€to€the€Crownóó,€193Ï(London€E.€Ryder€1800)€(1716).€€òòÌÌUnited€States€v.€Wydermyeróó,€51€F.3d€319,€324€(2d€Cir.€1995).€€ÌÌÌÌÓÓà àà àIn€our€view,€the€indictments€in€this€case€satisfy€all€of€the€requirementsÍof€òòHillóó.€€€Initially,€the€intermediate€court's€opinion€in€òòHillóó€was€based€in€part€on€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€39„11„301(c)€(1989),€which€provided€that€"[a]€culpable€mental€state€isÏrequired€...€unless€the€definition€of€the€offense€plainly€dispenses€with€a€mentalÏelement."€€The€1982€Act€under€which€the€defendant€was€convicted€contains€noÏsimilar€provision.€€Thus,€the€indictment€need€only€set€forth€the€elements€of€theÏoffenses€as€they€were€defined€at€the€time€of€the€unlawful€act.€€òòSeeóó€òòGregory€L.ÏHatton€v.€Stateóó,€No.€02C01„9611„CC„00407,€slip€op.€at€2„3€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€atÏJackson,€Feb.€19,€1997).€€ÌÌà àà àRobbery€was€defined€as€the€"felonious€and€forcible€taking€from€theÏperson€of€another,€...€by€violence€or€putting€the€person€in€fear."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÏ39„2„501(a)€(repealed€1989).€€The€indictment€adequately€sets€forth€those€elements,Ïas€it€alleges€the€defendant€"feloniously€and€forcibly€[took]€from€the€person€ofÏanother€...€by€violence€or€putting€[the€victim]€in€fear"€and€that€the€robbery€wasÏ"accomplished€by€the€use€of€a€deadly€weapon€...."€€Moreover,€under€òòHillóó,€the€use€ofÏforce€supports€the€logical€inference€that€the€robbery€was€an€intentional€act;€that€theÏdefendant€used€a€deadly€weapon€to€accomplish€the€act€also€supports€thatÏinference.ÌÌà àà àThe€indictment€for€assault€is€also€sufficient.€€Assault€with€intent€toÍcommit€murder€occurred€under€the€1982€Act€when€a€person€"feloniously€and€withÏmalice€aforethought€assault[ed]€any€person,€with€intent€to€commit€murder€...."€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€39„2„103€(repealed€1989).€€This€indictment€charged€that€theÏdefendant€"did€unlawfully€and€feloniously€and€with€malice€aforethought€assault€...Ïwith€the€intent€to€commit€murder€in€the€first€degree€...."€€In€our€view,€that€adequatelyÏsets€forth€the€elements€of€the€offense€as€it€was€defined€when€the€defendantÏcommitted€the€crime.€€In€the€alternative,€by€use€of€the€rule€established€in€òòHillóó,€theÏphrases€"malice€aforethought"€and€"with€intent€to€commit€murder"€support€theÏinference€that€the€act€was€intentional.€€€€€ÌÌà àà àAccordingly,€the€judgment€is€affirmed.€€à àà àÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà à________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àGary€R.€Wade,€Judge€ÌÌÔ% € ÔCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ_____________________________ÌDavid€H.€Welles,€JudgeÌÌÌÌ_____________________________ÌJerry€L.€Smith,€Judge€Ì