ÿWPC’ –Ý’¯¹dÐÑËFŸ}ž×Ç™)x_üºåW?GðR:²dËÑ8j9”qØm"Û‘5»ÿ#L›ÿ&UU^¾åÔü’¢¡oÞ!§ÜC@ÙÊVáR­båEk°ÝßhõÖt˵ÛÁñò¿>}Q&  œèi/üÌfN þð´üÙQ?ŸK…*åB¢›êe8Mµº#œ Bu*댫Sawû­…£dA “d‰^ š‚Ä0–úâí¦]ëä–“¡Å)Eì ™º î´Ñ‹ý_µµ ÊÍc#Rc ;à pRÔ÷ï¨ð%ìðj²øS?ι©€8=·Àì¾Ë'ù%Ï¿…ŠÒÂt®cS}oôÄ“ýÛZíf•J‹-&вËÍ3×À¥èeb™”]V"ñµþ±–E¨þ.?«tîaÇx¼Û$åcpʺp½[6/[íÕºê“xbÆ€ÅA”ðü^X·÷æšBC£RTl¨VtÔUÞ“Üõ·{âÚtÿH±·µ~6ðöºc?Ârl#X|ÛmÕd»Â>äÙÅGswž´A0R«E{Òb°M˜dŸ÷hR ˜®V©óû·)Nᨀÿ¦dÿ®A€ÔADö”zCkÓ˜™úYÈfÿïÊib#É\ %% ^ + 0ˆ7 UN¿ w 4 z% ÒŸ q € m‚ UN™ Æç Æ­ ÆsÆ99Nÿ 0DíEE222ø444444444444444444444b,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 0Y4444444444444444 0ë Bxx 0¤• D59 D-n 0K›› ASæÆ9 0¤ÿ 0D£ A«ç˜\\IB01S02\CLERKJACÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0»U{/1Ï (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular ~‰/ê:i¢×+00 ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó ãÝ ƒRøÛ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô®|ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€statement€was€redacted€to€eliminate€the€names€of€Springfieldððs€codefendants,€and€Sergeant€Rhea,Ð ° Ðaccordingly,€substituted€the€word€ð ðblankðð€for€their€names€when€reading€the€statement€aloud€to€the€jury.€òòóó€òòSeeóó€òòBruton€v.Ð qÁ ÐUnited€Statesóó,€391€U.S.€123,€88€S.€Ct.€1620,€20€L.€Ed.€2d€476€(1968).€€  akaKenyalePirtleKeistonHenningDunavantLivingstonBarbeeCurrie OdomHambyHaywoodBrutonw[h]ere W]ek]no[w A]llsta[te]ment Lulapull[edPappasBolind]eadlyid]isparityw]hereTreadway- ù-6ÿÿ4HyperlinkóóòòÔ ÿ ÔóóÔ  Ô(|G2øÛ$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€—)»»dXXdé8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô®|ò»»Ô d(|3@¤$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€—)»»dXXdé8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV)ÿÿ!dxdx)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3@¤$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€—)»»dXXdé8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€—)»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼—)»»»ÔÑ8€ǧXXdé»»d8Ñà@hhìàÔ‡îaæî»¼—)ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@òò%ìàAT€JACKSONÔ#†¼—)»îîaæ#ԈРÓ# ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àAssigned€on€Briefs€July€13,€2004Ð öF ÐÔ‡XǧX»¼—)ÔÌò òÔ#†¼—)»XXǧ,#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóó€v.€CORNELIUS€D.€HICKS,€aka€ð ðHOLLYWOOD,ððÐ ï? Ðand€TROY€LEE€SPRINGFIELDòòóóÔ‡XǧX»¼—)Ôó óÐ  P ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Lauderdale€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€7408€€€€€€Joseph€H.€Walker,€III,€JudgeÐ ä 4 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<¡` AßÐ ¢ò  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€W2003„03035„CCA„R3„CD€€„€Filed€September€14,€Ô_Ô2004Ô_ԀР›ë  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<n` AßÐ o¿  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€defendants,€Cornelius€D.€Hicks€and€Troy€Lee€Springfield,€and€two€Ô_ÔcodefendantsÔ_Ô,€Bryan€T.Ð g· ÐOldham€and€Kenyale€M.€Pirtle,€were€charged€with€aggravated€assault,€a€Class€C€felony,€for€firingÐ P  Ða€gun€at€the€victim,€Keiston€Campbell,€as€he€drove€his€car€down€a€Henning€street.€€PirtleÐ 9‰ Ðsubsequently€pled€guilty€to€aggravated€assault,€and€a€fifth€individual€involved€in€the€incident€hadÐ "r Ðhis€case€handled€in€juvenile€court.€€The€three€remaining€defendants,€Springfield,€Hicks,€and€Oldham,Ð  [ Ðwere€tried€jointly€before€a€Lauderdale€County€Circuit€Court€jury,€which€acquitted€Oldham€butÐ ôD Ðconvicted€both€Hicks€and€Springfield€of€the€lesser„included€offense€of€facilitation€of€aggravatedÐ Ý- Ðassault,€a€Class€D€felony.€€The€trial€court€sentenced€Hicks€as€a€Range€I,€standard€offender€to€threeÐ Æ Ðyears€in€the€Department€of€Correction,€with€the€sentence€suspended€and€the€defendant€placed€onÐ ¯ÿ Ðsupervised€probation€following€service€of€250€days,€to€be€served€consecutively€to€a€sentence€for€anÐ ˜è Ðoffense€for€which€he€was€on€probation€at€the€time€of€the€instant€offense.€€Springfield€was€sentencedÐ Ñ Ðas€a€Range€I,€standard€offender€to€three€years€in€the€Department€of€Correction,€with€the€sentenceÐ jº Ðordered€to€be€served€consecutively€to€his€sentence€for€violation€of€parole.€€The€sole€issue€HicksÐ S£ Ðraises€on€appeal€is€whether€the€evidence€was€sufficient€to€sustain€his€conviction.€€SpringfieldÐ <Œ Ðchallenges€the€trial€courtððs€denial€of€his€motions€to€sever€his€trial€and€for€judgment€of€acquittal.€Ð % u ÐFollowing€our€review,€we€affirm€the€judgments€of€the€trial€court.€Ô#†¼—)»XXǧë#ÔÔ‡XǧX»¼—)ÔÐ !^  ÐÓÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgments€of€the€Circuit€Court€Affirmedó óÐ à"0" ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼—)»àXǧ‘ #ÔÔ‡XǧX.¼—)ÔAlan€E.€Glenn,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòJohn€Everett€Williamsóó€andÐ ³$ $ ÐòòNorma€McGee€Ogle,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð œ%ì % ÐÌD.€Michael€Dunavant,€Ripley,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Cornelius€D.€Hicks;€and€David€M.Ð n'¾"' ÐLivingston,€Brownsville,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Troy€Lee€Springfield.Ð W(§#( ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Renee€W.€Turner,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð )*y%* ÐElizabeth€T.€Rice,€District€Attorney€General;€and€TÔ_ÔraceyÔ_Ô€A.€Brewer,€Assistant€District€AttorneyÐ +b&+ ÐGeneral,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ô#†¼—)»XXǧr #ÔÔ‡XǧX»¼—)ԀРû+K', ÐÓC ÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼—)»XXǧj#ÔÔ‡XǧX»¼—)ÔÐ Í-).ýÐ ÐÔ_Ô‡òòóóÔ#†¼—)»XXǧò#ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XǧX»¼—)Ôò òòòÓ  ÓFACTSÐ ° ÐÌÓ•Óà@ÃÃ$ìàStateððs€ProofˆÐ „Ô ÐÌóóó óà  àThe€incident€at€issue€in€this€case€occurred€shortly€after€10:00€p.m.€on€December€4,€2002,€nearÐ X¨ Ðthe€intersection€of€Church€and€Moore€Streets€in€Henning.€€The€victim€testified€he€had€just€left€theÐ A ‘ Ðhome€of€his€friend,€James€Barbee,€and€was€on€his€way€in€his€motherððs€brown€1977€Buick€to€pick€upÐ * z ÐKelly€Currie€to€take€her€to€the€Midway€Market€when€he€passed€a€brown,€four„door€OldsmobileÐ  c ÐCutlass€in€front€of€the€Henning€Police€Department.€€As€he€proceeded€to€the€Henning€VillageÐ ü L ÐApartments€where€Currie€lived,€he€saw€in€his€rearview€mirror€that€the€Cutlass,€with€five€African„Ð å 5  ÐAmerican€males€inside,€was€traveling€behind€him.€€The€men€traveling€in€the€Cutlass€pulled€intoÐ Î   ÐHenning€Village,€turned€off€their€lights,€and€parked,€but€the€victim€did€not€see€anyone€get€out€of€theÐ ·  Ðvehicle€at€that€time.€€The€victim€said€he€thought€he€recognized€the€rims€on€the€Cutlass€as€ones€whichÐ  ð  Ðhad€been€on€a€car€that€had€been€stolen€from€ð ðMr.€Treadwayððs€son.ðð€€Therefore,€when€he€saw€theÐ ‰Ù  ÐCutlass€again€at€the€Midway€Market€he€telephoned€Barbee€and€told€him€he€had€just€seen€Mr.Ð r  ÐTreadwayððs€rims€on€another€vehicle.€€Shortly€after€both€he€and€the€men€in€the€Cutlass€had€pulled€outÐ [«  Ðof€the€market,€Barbee€met€him€in€the€area€and€he€pointed€the€vehicle€out€to€him.€€Barbee€pulled€inÐ D” Ðbehind€the€Cutlass€to€get€its€tag€number€while€the€victim€took€Currie€home.€€Ð -} ÐÌà  àThe€victim€testified€he€was€returning€to€meet€Barbee€when€he€saw€the€Cutlass€drop€off€twoÐ ÿO Ðpassengers€who€walked€to€the€door€of€a€vacant€house€on€Moore€Street.€€When€he€came€back€aroundÐ è8 Ðto€Moore€after€circling€the€block,€the€same€two€men€were€walking€up€the€street.€€One€of€the€two,Ð Ñ! Ðwho€was€wearing€a€toboggan€hat€that€tied€under€his€chin€and€had€his€hands€in€his€pockets,€noddedÐ º  Ðto€the€victim€as€if€to€say,€ð ðWhatððs€up?ðð€but€kept€walking,€while€the€second€man,€who€was€wearingÐ £ó Ða€ski€mask€pulled€down€over€his€face€and€carrying€a€pistol,€approached€the€victimððs€car,€saying,Ð ŒÜ Ðð ðHey,€hey,€stop.ðð€€The€man€fired€as€the€victim€accelerated€from€the€area,€with€the€bullet€striking€theÐ uÅ Ðtrunk€of€the€victimððs€car,€ricocheting,€and€shattering€the€rear€windshield.€€Approximately€two€toÐ ^® Ðthree€minutes€later,€the€victim€reported€the€shooting€to€Henning€Police€Officer€Rhea€at€the€MidwayÐ G— ÐMarket.€€Ð 0€ ÐÌà  àThe€victim€testified€the€ski„masked€shooter€was€wearing€a€dark,€hooded€sweater€and€possiblyÐ  R Ðan€Orlando€Magic€or€Dallas€Cowboys€jacket,€did€not€have€a€lot€of€hair€on€his€head,€and€had€a€lighterÐ ë ; Ðcomplexion,€similar€to€the€victimððs.€€He€tentatively€identified€the€masked€man€as€Oldham,€testifyingÐ Ô!$  Ðthat€ð ðfrom€what€[he€was]€thinking€.€.€.€Mr.€Odom€[sic]ðð€was€the€one€who€had€been€wearing€the€skiÐ ½" ! Ðmask€and€who€had€shot€at€him.€€The€victim€positively€identified€Hicks€as€the€second€man€in€theÐ ¦#ö" Ðtoboggan€hat,€stating€he€had€been€able€to€get€a€clear€view€of€his€face.€Ð $ß# ÐÌà  àThe€victim€testified€he€saw€all€four€adult€defendants€when€they€got€out€of€the€Cutlass€at€theÐ a&±!% ÐMidway€Market.€€None€was€wearing€a€ski€mask€at€that€time,€and€he€did€not€engage€in€conversationÐ J'š"& Ðwith€either€them€or€the€juvenile,€who€remained€inside€the€vehicle.€€He€did€not€know€any€of€theÐ 3(ƒ#' Ðoccupants€of€the€Cutlass€and€telephoned€Barbee,€in€part,€because€being€trailed€by€men€he€did€notÐ )l$( Ðknow€caused€him€fear.€€At€one€point€during€his€testimony,€the€victim€suggested€that€the€defendantsÐ *U%) Ðmight€have€been€after€the€rims€on€his€motherððs€car.€€He€conceded,€however,€that€the€Cutlass€wasÐ î*>&* Ðturning€into€the€Henning€Village€Apartments€as€he€was€exiting€the€complex€and€he€did€not€see€theÐ ×+''+ Ðmen€trailing€him€as€he€drove€to€the€Midway€Market.€€He€acknowledged€Hicks€made€no€threateningÐ ° Ðor€violent€moves€toward€him,€and€he€never€saw€Hicks€with€a€gun.€Ð ™é ÐÌà  àJames€Barbee€testified€the€victim€telephoned€him€shortly€after€leaving€his€house€to€tell€himÐ k» Ðthat€some€men€were€following€him€in€a€brown€Cutlass.€€When€he€located€the€car,€he€pulled€in€behindÐ T¤ Ðit€in€his€small,€white€Hyundai,€watching€as€it€pulled€up,€dropped€off€two€men€from€the€backseat€whoÐ =  Ðwalked€ð ðup€by€the€church,ðð€and€then€pulled€off€again.€€He€then€followed€the€car,€recording€its€tagÐ & v Ðnumber€and€observing€that,€by€the€time€it€had€ð ðmade€[the]€block,ðð€the€two€men€who€had€beenÐ  _ Ðdropped€off€were€walking€up€the€street.€€At€that€point,€the€Cutlass€continued€straight€and€he€turnedÐ ø H Ðleft€for€City€Hall.€€En€route,€he€encountered€the€victim,€who€told€him€that€the€men€had€shot€out€hisÐ á 1  Ðwindow.€€When€they€were€unable€to€find€anyone€at€City€Hall,€he€and€the€victim€separated€to€searchÐ Ê   Ðfor€Officer€Rhea.€€A€short€while€later,€he€saw€the€victim€talking€to€the€officer,€pulled€up,€andÐ ³  Ðreported€the€tag€number€which€he€had€recorded€on€his€cell€phone.€€Barbee€acknowledged€he€neitherÐ œì  Ðheard€nor€saw€the€gunshots€fired€at€the€victimððs€vehicle.€€He€testified,€€however,€that€the€gunshotÐ …Õ  Ðdamage€to€the€vehicle€had€not€been€present€earlier€in€the€evening.€€Ð n¾  ÐÌà  àA€ð ðBOLOðð€or€ð ðbe€on€the€lookoutðð€for€the€Cutlass€went€out€at€approximately€10:28€p.m.€Ð @ ÐSoon€thereafter,€Ripley€Police€Officers€Jimmy€Drake€and€Debbie€Kirkpatrick,€traveling€in€separateÐ )y Ðpatrol€cars,€spotted€the€vehicle€on€Highland€Street€in€Ripley€and€followed€it€to€a€residence€on€HambyÐ b ÐCircle.€€Officer€Kirkpatrick€testified€that€the€two€men€in€the€front€seat€got€out€on€the€passenger€sideÐ ûK Ðbefore€she€and€Officer€Drake€had€stopped,€while€the€three€in€the€backseat€remained€in€the€vehicle.Ð ä4 ÐShe€later€learned€that€both€the€driverððs€door€and€the€rear€passengerððs€door€were€jammed€and€couldÐ Í Ðnot€be€opened€from€the€inside.€€Officer€Kirkpatrick€testified€that€their€search€of€the€vehicleÐ ¶ Ðuncovered€two€guns:€€one€on€the€rear€floorboard€underneath€the€front€passengerððs€seat€and€a€secondÐ Ÿï Ðjammed€between€the€front€armrests,€with€the€barrel€pointing€toward€the€backseat.€€In€her€opinion,Ð ˆØ Ðboth€guns€were€in€a€position€where€anyone€in€the€vehicle€could€have€exercised€control€over€them.€Ð qÁ ÐOn€cross„examination,€she€testified€that€the€car€was€registered€to€Troy€Springfield,€and€her€recordsÐ Zª Ðshowed€it€was€Springfield€and€Oldham€who€exited€the€front€seat.Ð C“ ÐÌà  àOfficer€Jimmy€Drake,€who€corroborated€Officer€Kirkpatrickððs€account€of€the€stop,€identifiedÐ e Ðthe€two€small,€chrome„plated€automatic€handguns€that€were€found€in€the€vehicle€and€agreed€that€theÐ þN Ðweapons€were€located€where€any€of€the€five€occupants€could€have€reached€them.€€On€cross„Ð ç 7 Ðexamination,€he€acknowledged€that€a€backseat€passenger€could€have€placed€the€guns€in€theirÐ Ð!   Ðrespective€locations€during€the€five€to€ten€seconds€before€Officer€Kirkpatrick€reached€the€vehicle;Ð ¹" ! Ðthat€the€officers€had€to€order€one€of€the€backseat€passengers,€who€was€initially€moving€around€insideÐ ¢#ò" Ðthe€vehicle,€to€stay€still;€and€that€none€of€the€five€occupants€of€the€vehicle€made€any€attempt€to€eludeÐ ‹$Û# Ðthe€officers€or€avoid€arrest.€Ð t%Ä $ ÐÌà  àKenyale€Pirtle,€who€pled€guilty€to€the€aggravated€assault€of€the€victim€on€February€24,€2003,Ð F'–"& Ðtestified€he,€Springfield,€Oldham,€Hicks,€and€the€juvenile,€whom€he€knew€as€ð ðPac„Man,ðð€traveledÐ /(#' Ðfrom€Haywood€County€to€Henning€on€the€night€of€the€shooting€to€look€for€girls.€€Springfield€wasÐ )h$( Ðthe€driver,€Oldham€rode€in€the€front€passenger€seat,€and€he,€Hicks,€and€the€juvenile€rode€in€theÐ *Q%) Ðbackseat.€€While€they€were€riding€around,€someone€who€had€been€following€them€in€a€small,€newerÐ ê*:&* Ðmodel€white€car€tried€to€hit€their€vehicle€from€the€side.€€He€and€Hicks€then€got€out€of€the€Cutlass€andÐ Ó+#'+ ÐHicks€fired€at€the€victim.€€Pirtle€denied€he€wore€a€ski€mask,€possessed€a€gun,€or€fired€at€the€victim,Ð ° Ðand€claimed€he€never€saw€any€guns,€did€not€know€any€were€in€the€car,€and€could€not€recall€howÐ ™é Ðmany€shots€he€heard€Hicks€fire€at€the€victim.€€He€further€denied€there€was€any€talk€among€theÐ ‚Ò Ðdefendants€about€shooting€anyone,€and€maintained€his€sole€purpose€in€traveling€to€Henning€was€toÐ k» Ðlook€for€girls.€€He€agreed€his€complexion€was€lighter€than€Hicksððs€and€acknowledged€Oldham€hadÐ T¤ Ðbeen€getting€a€ride€to€his€auntððs€house€in€Henning€and€had€slept€for€most€of€the€drive,€waking€onlyÐ =  Ðwhen€they€reached€the€Midway€Market.€€Ð & v ÐÌà  àHenning€Police€Chief€James€Treadway€identified€a€ski€mask,€several€ð ðskull€capsðð€orÐ ø H Ðtoboggans,€and€a€pair€of€black€gloves€recovered€from€the€Cutlass€at€the€time€of€the€defendantsððÐ á 1  Ðarrest.€Ð Ê   ÐÌà  àRipley€Police€Sergeant€Joey€Rhea€testified€the€victim€approached€him€at€the€Midway€MarketÐ œì  Ðbetween€10:10€and€10:15€p.m.€to€report€the€shooting.€€As€he€was€searching€for€the€vehicle€the€victimÐ …Õ  Ðhad€described,€the€victim€and€Barbee€met€him€on€Moore€Street,€where€Barbee€provided€the€tagÐ n¾  Ðnumber€for€the€vehicle.€€Sergeant€Rhea€testified€he€observed€a€bullet€mark€on€the€victimððs€trunk€andÐ W§  Ða€shattered€rear€windshield€where€the€bullet€had€ricocheted€off€the€trunk,€but€was€unable€to€locateÐ @ Ðany€bullets€or€shell€casings.€€Ð )y ÐÌà  àAt€the€request€of€the€State,€Sergeant€Rhea€read€aloud€from€a€statement€Springfield€gave€onÐ ûK Ðthe€night€of€the€shooting€in€which€he€described€dropping€two€of€his€passengers€off€on€Moore€Street,Ð ä4 Ðhearing€gunshots€as€he€drove€around€the€block,€and€returning€for€the€passengers€who€had€guns.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€Ð Í ÐSergeant€Rhea€testified€that€Hicks€gave€an€initial€statement€denying€that€he€had€been€in€LauderdaleÐ ¶ ÐCounty,€but€approximately€one€week€later,€he€wrote€the€following€statement:€Ð Ÿï ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àMy€statement€is€this[.]€€I€havenððt€committed€no€[sic]€crime€of€theÐ qÁ Ðcharges€against€me!€€Iððm€[sic]€came€to€Henning€or€Ripley€to€see€myÐ Zª Ðgirl,€a€conflict€of€interest€came€about€w[h]ere€a€car€tried€to€run€us€offÐ C“ Ðthe€road€after€someone€try€to€hunt€us€down.€€___€speed€out€of€controlÐ ,| Ðafter€he€had€let€___€out€to€holla€[sic]€at€some€guy[.]€€[W]e€made€aÐ e Ðblock€so€the€time€we€made€a€block€gunshots€were€fired[.]€€___€rushÐ þN Ðback€to€the€scene€and€pick€him€up!€€I€donððt€[k]no[w]€theÐ ç 7 Ðcircumstances€of€the€shooting€was€about[.]€€[A]ll€I€know€that€he€saidÐ Ð!   Ðno€one€was€hit€so€we€all€panic,€I€told€them€to€get€me€to€my€girl[ððs]Ð ¹" ! Ðhouse€because€I€didnððt€understand€what€happen€[sic]€or€the€reasons!Ð ¢#ò" Ð___€later€told€me€he€was€a€victim€of€something€happen€in€Ripley€laterÐ ‹$Û# Ðon€so€I€felt€the€guys€that€were€following€us€were€after€him€to€someÐ t%Ä $ Ðextent!€€I€know€I€donððt€own€no€[sic]€pistol€or€I€didnððt€have€none€[sic]Ð ]&­!% Ðâ âin€[the]€car€or€bring€none€[sic]€with€me!€€So€this€sta[te]ment€that€I€hasÐ F'–"& Ð[sic]€given€sum€[sic]€up€that€basically€that€Iððm€just€being€a€man€andÐ ° Ðstanding€up€to€a€charge€that€I€didnððt€commit!€Ð™é` x` x Ðâ âÌà  àOn€cross„examination,€Sergeant€Rhea€acknowledged€Springfield€did€not€state€at€what€pointÐ k» Ðhe€first€learned€of€the€existence€of€the€handguns.€€Ð T¤ ÐÌà@——$ìàò òòòDefense€Proofóóó óˆÐ & v ÐÌà  àOldhamððs€aunt,€Lula€B.€Phillips,€testified€Oldham€telephoned€her€on€the€day€of€the€shootingÐ ù I Ðto€ask€to€borrow€money.€€When€she€agreed,€he€told€her€he€would€come€to€her€house€in€HenningÐ â 2  Ðwhenever€he€could€find€a€ride.€€Her€next€contact€with€him€occurred€at€1:00€or€1:30€the€followingÐ Ë   Ðmorning,€when€he€called€to€tell€her€he€was€in€jail.€€Ð ´  ÐÌà  àBryan€Oldham,€who€said€he€was€nineteen€years€old€at€the€time€of€the€shooting,€testified€heÐ †Ö  Ðwent€to€Henning€to€borrow€money€from€his€aunt€and€his€companions€went€to€talk€to€some€girls.€€HeÐ o¿  Ðslept€in€the€front€passenger€seat€during€the€drive,€did€not€see€any€guns€in€the€car,€heard€noÐ X¨  Ðconversation€about€shooting€anyone,€and€never€saw€Hicks,€Springfield,€or€Pirtle€with€a€gun.€€OldhamÐ A‘ Ðtestified€that€a€brown€car€followed€them€from€the€Midway€Market€to€the€street€where€they€droppedÐ *z Ðoff€Pirtle€and€Hicks,€who€were€going€to€a€house€to€talk€to€some€girls.€€A€white€car€ð ðpull[ed]€.€.€.€upÐ c Ðon€[them],ðð€as€if€the€driver€wanted€to€run€them€off€the€road,€soon€after€they€dropped€the€men€off,€andÐ üL ÐSpringfield€then€turned€to€go€to€Oldhamððs€auntððs€house.€€When€they€heard€gunshots€a€couple€ofÐ å5 Ðseconds€later,€they€returned€to€Moore€Street,€where€they€picked€up€Pirtle€and€Hicks,€who€were€aloneÐ Î Ðand€unhurt.€€Neither€was€carrying€a€gun,€and€the€only€thing€they€said€was€ð ðletððs€go.ðð€€SpringfieldÐ · Ðpulled€off€at€a€normal€rate€of€speed,€but€refused€to€take€Oldham€to€his€auntððs€house,€insisting€insteadÐ  ð Ðthat€they€drive€to€the€home€of€a€woman€he€knew€in€Ripley.€Ð ‰Ù ÐÌà  àHicks€and€Springfield€elected€not€to€testify€and€rested€their€cases€without€presenting€anyÐ [« Ðproof.€€Ð D” ÐÌà@ôô&ìàò òòòANALYSISóóó óˆÐ f ÐÌà@øøìàò òI.€€Sufficiency€of€the€EvidenceˆÐ é 9 ÐÌà  àó óHicks€raises€as€his€sole€issue€whether€the€evidence€was€sufficient€to€support€his€convictionÐ ½" ! Ðfor€facilitation€of€aggravated€assault.€€Springfield€also€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€convictingÐ ¦#ö" Ðevidence,€arguing€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€denying€his€motion€for€judgment€of€acquittal.€€TheÐ $ß# ÐState€responds€by€arguing€that€the€evidence€was€more€than€sufficient€to€sustain€Hicksððs€convictionÐ x%È $ Ðand€that€Springfield€has€waived€the€issue€by€his€failure€to€file€a€timely€motion€for€a€new€trial.€Ð a&±!% ÐNotwithstanding€waiver,€the€State€argues€that€the€evidence€against€Springfield,€was,€likewise,€moreÐ J'š"& Ðthan€sufficient€for€a€rational€trier€of€fact€to€find€him€guilty€of€facilitation€of€aggravated€assaultÐ 3(ƒ#' Ðbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€Ð )l$( ÐÌà  àÔ‡ X E XXXǧÔThe€State€asserts€that€Springfieldððs€motion€for€a€new€trial€was€untimely€because€it€was€filedÐ î*>&* Ðmore€than€thirty€days€beyond€the€July€11,€2003,€date€on€which€his€judgment€was€entered.€€However,Ð ×+''+ Ðalthough€Hicksððs€judgment€was€entered€on€July€11,€the€record€reveals€that€Springfieldððs€was€notÐ ° Ðentered€until€August€1,€2003.€€The€record€further€reveals€that€Springfield€filed€his€motion€for€a€newÐ ™é Ðtrial€on€September€2,€following€the€September€1€Labor€Day€holiday;€the€trial€court€overruled€theÐ ‚Ò Ðmotion€on€September€12;€and€Springfield€filed€his€notice€of€appeal€on€October€8.€€Thus,€both€hisÐ k» Ðmotion€for€a€new€trial€and€his€notice€of€appeal€were€timely.€€€à È àÔ#†XǧX X X E×P#ÔÐ T¤ ÐÌà  àWe€apply€the€same€standard€when€reviewing€whether€a€trial€court€erred€in€denying€a€motionÐ & v Ðfor€judgment€of€acquittal€as€when€reviewing€whether€the€evidence€was€sufficient€to€sustain€aÐ  _ Ðconviction.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Ballóó,€973€S.W.2d€288,€292€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1998);€òòState€v.€Adamsóó,€916Ð ø H ÐS.W.2d€471,€473€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€When€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€is€challenged€onÐ á 1  Ðappeal,€we€must€consider€ð ðwhether,€after€viewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€theÐ Ê   Ðprosecution,€òòanyóó€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€crime€beyondÐ ³  Ða€reasonable€doubt.ðð€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319,€99€S.€Ct.€2781,€2789,€61€L.€Ed.€2d€560,Ð œì  Ð573€(1979);€òòsee€alsoóó€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e)€(ð ðFindings€of€guilt€in€criminal€actions€whether€by€theÐ …Õ  Ðtrial€court€or€jury€shall€be€set€aside€if€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€findings€by€the€trierÐ n¾  Ðof€fact€of€guilt€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.ðð);€òòState€v.€Evansóó,€838€S.W.2d€185,€190„92€(Tenn.€1992);Ð W§  ÐòòState€v.€Andersonóó,€835€S.W.2d€600,€604€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992)òòóó.€€All€questions€involving€theÐ @ Ðcredibility€of€witnesses,€the€weight€and€value€to€be€given€the€evidence,€and€all€factual€issues€areÐ )y Ðresolved€by€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Pappasóó,€754€S.W.2d€620,€623€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987)òòóó.€Ð b Ðð ðA€guilty€verdict€by€the€jury,€approved€by€the€trial€judge,€accredits€the€testimony€of€the€witnessesÐ ûK Ðfor€the€State€and€resolves€all€conflicts€in€favor€of€the€theory€of€the€State.ðð€€òòState€v.€Graceóó,€493Ð ä4 ÐS.W.2d€474,€476€(Tenn.€1973).€€Our€supreme€court€stated€the€rationale€for€this€rule:Ð Í ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àThis€well„settled€rule€rests€on€a€sound€foundation.€€The€trialÐ Ÿï Ðjudge€and€the€jury€see€the€witnesses€face€to€face,€hear€their€testimonyÐ ˆØ Ðand€observe€their€demeanor€on€the€stand.€€Thus€the€trial€judge€andÐ qÁ Ðjury€are€the€primary€instrumentality€of€justice€to€determine€the€weightÐ Zª Ðand€credibility€to€be€given€to€the€testimony€of€witnesses.€€In€the€trialÐ C“ Ðforum€alone€is€there€human€atmosphere€and€the€totality€of€theÐ ,| Ðevidence€cannot€be€reproduced€with€a€written€record€in€this€Court.Ðe` x` x ÐòòÌBolin€v.€Stateóó,€219€Tenn.€4,€11,€405€S.W.2d€768,€771€(1966)€(citing€òòCarroll€v.€Stateóó,€212€Tenn.€464,Ð ç 7 Ð370€S.W.2d€523€(1963)).€€A€jury€conviction€removes€the€presumption€of€innocence€with€which€aÐ Ð!   Ðdefendant€is€initially€cloaked€and€replaces€it€with€one€of€guilt,€so€that€on€appeal,€a€convictedÐ ¹" ! Ðdefendant€has€the€burden€of€demonstrating€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639Ð ¢#ò" ÐS.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).Ð ‹$Û# ÐÌà  àBoth€defendants€were€convicted€of€the€lesser„included€offense€of€facilitation€of€aggravatedÐ ]&­!% Ðassault.€€ð ðA€person€is€criminally€responsible€for€the€facilitation€of€a€felony€if,€knowing€that€anotherÐ F'–"& Ðintends€to€commit€a€specific€felony,€.€.€.€the€person€knowingly€furnishes€substantial€assistance€in€theÐ /(#' Ðcommission€of€the€felony.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„403(a)€(2003).€€A€person€commits€aggravatedÐ )h$( Ðassault,€òòinter€aliaóó,€when€the€person€intentionally€or€knowingly€causes€another€to€reasonably€fearÐ *Q%) Ðimminent€bodily€injury€by€the€use€or€display€of€a€deadly€weapon.€€òòId.óó€€ðððð€39„13„101(a)(2),Ð ê*:&* Ð-102(a)(1)(B).€€A€ð ð[d]eadly€weaponðð€specifically€includes€ð ð[a]€firearm€or€anything€manifestlyÐ Ó+#'+ Ðdesigned,€made€or€adapted€for€the€purpose€of€inflicting€death€or€serious€bodily€injury.ðð€€òòId.óó€ðð€39„11„Ð ° Ð106(a)(5)(A).€€Ð ™é ÐÌà  àHicks€argues€the€State€failed€to€prove€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€he€either€knew€that€any€ofÐ k» Ðhis€codefendants€intended€to€commit€an€aggravated€assault€or€provided€substantial€assistance€in€theÐ T¤ Ðcommission€of€that€offense.€€In€support,€he€cites,€òòinter€aliaóó:€€the€victimððs€identification€of€the€lighter„Ð =  Ðskinned,€ski„masked€man€as€the€shooter€and€his€testimony€that€he€did€not€see€Hicks€with€a€gun€andÐ & v ÐHicks€did€not€threaten€him€or€have€any€motive€to€assault€him;€€Oldhamððs€testimony€that€he€neverÐ  _ Ðsaw€Hicks€with€a€gun€and€heard€no€talk€about€a€shooting;€and€the€vague€and€inconsistent€nature€ofÐ ø H Ðthe€testimony€provided€by€Pirtle,€who,€despite€pleading€guilty€to€aggravated€assault,€attributed€theÐ á 1  Ðshooting€to€Hicks.€€Springfield€argues€there€was€no€evidence€to€show€any€ð ðpredetermined€design€toÐ Ê   Ðcommit€the€crime,ðð€or€that€he€had€any€knowledge€beforehand€that€the€passengers€he€dropped€off€andÐ ³  Ðreturned€to€pick€up€were€intending€to€commit€an€aggravated€assault.€Ð œì  ÐÌà  àWe€conclude,€however,€that€the€evidence€was€sufficient€to€sustain€both€defendantsððÐ n¾  Ðconvictions€for€facilitation€of€aggravated€assault.€€Viewed€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€State,Ð W§  Ðthe€proof€established€that€Springfield€dropped€Hicks€and€Pirtle€off€at€a€vacant€house,€that€the€twoÐ @ Ðmen€walked€together€up€the€street€and€Hicks€distracted€the€victim€by€nodding€to€him€while€PirtleÐ )y Ðapproached€his€car€armed€with€a€handgun€and€wearing€a€ski€mask,€that€Pirtle€fired€at€the€victim€asÐ b Ðhe€fled€in€his€vehicle,€and€finally,€that€Springfield€returned€immediately€following€the€shooting€toÐ ûK Ðpick€the€men€up€and€transport€them€from€the€town.€€When€reviewing€the€sufficiency€of€theÐ ä4 Ðconvicting€evidence,€we€must€presume€that€the€jury€resolved€all€conflicts€and€drew€any€reasonableÐ Í Ðinferences€from€the€evidence€in€favor€of€the€State.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Sheffieldóó,€676€S.W.2d€542,€547Ð ¶ Ð(Tenn.€1984).€€Regardless€of€whether€the€defendants€were€motivated€by€ð ðroad€rage,ðð€robbery,Ð Ÿï Ðrevenge,€or€something€entirely€different€from€what€was€suggested€at€trial,€the€evidence€here€wasÐ ˆØ Ðsufficient€for€the€jury€to€reasonably€infer€that€both€defendants,€knowing€that€Pirtle€intended€toÐ qÁ Ðcommit€an€aggravated€assault€upon€the€victim,€provided€substantial€assistance€to€him€in€theÐ Zª Ðcommission€of€that€offense.€€This€issue,€therefore,€is€without€merit.€Ð C“ ÐÌà@y y ìàò òII.€€Trial€Courtððs€Denial€of€Springfieldððs€Motion€to€Severó óˆÐ e ÐÌà  àSpringfield€additionally€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€denying€his€motion€to€sever€hisÐ è 8 Ðtrial,€arguing€that€he€was€prejudiced€by€being€tried€with€Hicks,€ð ða€named€participant€in€the€crime.ðð€Ð Ñ!!  ÐWe€respectfully€disagree.€€Ð º" ! ÐÌà  àA€trial€court€shall€grant€a€pretrial€motion€to€sever€if€it€is€ð ðdeemed€appropriate€to€promote€aÐ Œ$Ü# Ðfair€determination€of€the€guilt€or€innocence€of€one€or€more€defendants.ðð€€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.Ð u%Å $ Ð14(c)(2)(i)€(2004).€€The€decision€to€sever€criminal€defendants€is€wholly€within€the€discretion€of€theÐ ^&®!% Ðtrial€court,€òòState€v.€Maddoxóó,€957€S.W.2d€547,€556€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997),€and€cannot€be€interferedÐ G'—"& Ðwith€absent€ð ðclear€abuse.ðð€€òòState€v.€Howellóó,€34€S.W.3d€484,€491€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€2000).€Ð 0(€#' ÐMoreover,€ð ð[d]isparity€in€the€evidence€against€the€defendants€is€not€alone€sufficient€to€warrant€theÐ )i$( Ðgrant€of€a€severance.ðð€€òòId.óó€(citation€omitted).€€This€court€has€held€that€ð ð[w]here€a€motion€forÐ *R%) Ðseverance€has€been€denied,€the€test€to€be€applied€by€this€court€in€determining€whether€the€trial€courtÐ ë*;&* Ðabused€its€discretion€is€whether€the€defendant€was€ððclearly€prejudicedðð€in€his€defense€as€a€result€ofÐ Ô+$'+ Ðbeing€tried€with€his€codefendant.ðð€€òòState€v.€Priceóó,€46€S.W.3d€785,€803€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€2000)Ð ° Ð(quoting€òòState€v.€Burtonóó,€751€S.W.2d€440,€447€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988)).òòó󀀀Р™é ÐÌà  àWe€find€no€abuse€of€discretion€by€the€trial€court€in€denying€Springfieldððs€motion€to€sever.€Ð k» ÐNone€of€the€defendants€at€trial€presented€an€antagonistic€defense,€and€there€was€no€evidence€thatÐ T¤ ÐSpringfield€was€prejudiced€by€being€tried€with€Hicks,€who€was€identified€by€the€victim€as€one€of€theÐ =  Ðtwo€men€who€approached€his€vehicle€on€the€street.€€In€this€regard,€we€note€that€Oldham,€whom€theÐ & v Ðvictim€tentatively€identified€as€the€actual€shooter,€was€acquitted€by€the€jury.€€Thus,€it€was€clear€thatÐ  _ Ðthe€jury€was€able€to€separate€the€proof€presented€against€each€defendant.€€We€conclude,€therefore,Ð ø H Ðthat€this€issue€is€without€merit.€€Ð á 1  ÐÌà@GG%ìàò òòòCONCLUSIONóóó óˆÐ ³  ÐÌà  àWe€conclude€that€the€evidence€was€sufficient€to€sustain€both€defendantsðð€convictions€forÐ †Ö  Ðfacilitation€of€aggravated€assault.€€We€further€conclude€that€the€trial€court€did€not€err€in€denyingÐ o¿  ÐSpringfieldððs€motion€to€sever.€€Accordingly,€we€affirm€the€judgments€of€the€trial€court.€€Ð X¨  ÐÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð c Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àALAN€E.€GLENN,€JUDGE