ÿWPC- r:RBV6=+Æ©{J›©GC ?ßí½p„œåœKR~ÄŠ–:ük1UÀM ²ÞuÂdø|¯r¥RbâÅ07Çëz³¨N‘p^¦S&~:®3×+ÔEd–è9òÖ(ðÖFkp€šùþÁÜ<ý@CÀ‘Ê[ðJ­pÕü¦ èæý\5ÃuMFàeŠš»‰P7Áº\×ÉÏʸÿéßÞîm_êçb!ØÛ? ‹"òeÐCy¢ÊèUe–52¾C¢-,Bô‰¥³¢ísÍåk'ªOö†|™L4EDBk×Y>\·ž2…àýbk­Í0O°y“×DºOD âeΧ2«…ΊJ8Iæðˆ3Ô,(KÚ{+Nù“¨ƒ,UŠ„§BÈVF$ú—À”é” Ø}ëË÷­:ù¾Càz«uÔ@ܶVÏ(½–CdÝ`ÐYø8–ÇŸÊE€ÓeúfŠüçGËíÝ!†ê'wÙ×¥ÏPŸf»yQ+[Ü¢ú«ÙÄ8È\άÉ5§ɦV”S|g,ãÈîtíwS£ÕYÑb9bh'x塳‚0Õ£‘ÀWnxîóè¶Ü©Ws@ay¡l…ö)Í©P%Ö÷Äæ%¼½·¤Ñ^iM«~ •g…# F UNQ %Ÿ 0(¥ U:Í U : w@A 4 • ¤ ê¬ U:– êÐ U:º º º º º º º º º º º º º º º º º º º º º º º Bô ô ô ô ô D3 0DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD AOˆÆ×× 0D D/á B˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLhÎ(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡, øð AZ"Arial Regular,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular AUBDCDEEFDGHDIÓ€SuM%3|xU àÔ€ X.¸XXXÔÔ€ ÔMX X.¸ÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€ X.¸X ÔMÔÐ  ÐÌSeptember€16,€1998ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAMÔó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular àÔ€X.¸XXXÔÔ€ÔMXX.¸ÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€X.¸XÔMÔÐ  ÐÌSeptember€15,€1998ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAMÔó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular d%%%%'ÿÿdxd(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝñIñ›ñIñÑ` °ÑÑܰÑÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€XLbXXXÔòòÔ‡X.¸XXXLbÔÑ7€LbXdðdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑñSññIñßr€ *<,(j 8` `€€@E f ` 8ttxPX` ð  rßñIññSññSñßr€ *<,(j 8` `€€@E f ` 8ttxPX` ð  rßñSññIñ›ñIñà@g g ÚàIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÌÌÓ  ÓAT€NASHVILLEóóÐ , Ì ÐÓ†ÓÌà@,,(ÚàMAY€1998€SESSIONˆÌÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à ” àà ì àà D à*€à œ àNo.€01C01„9708„CR„00320Ð 0 Ðà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àÌà Œ àà ä àAppellee,à ” àà ì àà D à*à œ àDavidson€CountyÐ \ü  Ðà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D à€Ìvs.à Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D à*à œ àHon.€Cheryl€Blackburn,€JudgeÐ (È  ÐÌWILLIAM€ALONZO€HAMILTON,à ì àà D à*à œ à(Delivery€of€œControlled›€œSubstance,›€Ð ô”  Ðà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ à€œSimple€Possession)›Ìà Œ àà ä àAppellant.à ” àà ì àà D à*Ð À` ÐÌÌÌÌÌòòFor€Appellantóó:à < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àòòFor€Appelleeóó:Ð $Ä ÐÌJeffrey€A.€DeVasherà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àJohn€Knox€WalkupÐ ð ÐAssistant€Public€Defenderà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÐ Öv Ð1202€Stahlman€BuildingÔ#†XLbXXX.¸Ô#ÔÔ‡X.¸XXXLbÔÐ ¼ \ ÐNashville,€TN€€37201à ” àà ì àà D àà œ àJanis€L.€Turner€Ô#†XLbXXX.¸É#ÔÔ‡X.¸XXXLbÔÐ ¢!B Ð(on€appeal)à ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÔ#†XLbXXX.¸t #ÔÔ‡X.¸XXXLbÔÐ ˆ"( Ðà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ à425€Fifth€Avenue€NorthÔ#†XLbXXX.¸8 #ÔÔ‡X.¸XXXLbÔÐ n# ÐJ.€Michael€Engleà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àCordell€Hull€Building,€Second€FloorÔ#†XLbXXX.¸ù #ÔÔ‡X.¸XXXLbÔÐ T$ô ÐSr.€Assistant€Public€Defenderà ì àà D àà œ àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493Ô#†XLbXXX.¸¿ #ÔÔ‡X.¸XXXLbÔÐ :%Ú Ð1202€Stahlman€Buildingà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àÐ  &À  ÐNashville,€TN€€37201à ” àà ì àà D àà œ àJohn€ZimmermannÐ '¦! Ð(at€trial)à ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÔ#†XLbXXX.¸p #ÔÔ‡X.¸XXXLbÔÐ ì'Œ" Ðà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àWashington€Square,€Suite€500Ìà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ à222€Second€Avenue€NorthÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àNashville,€TN€€37201Ìà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:___________________________ÌÌÌAFFIRMED€AS€MODIFIEDÌÌÌGARY€R.€WADE,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÐ  27Ò-3× ÐÔ#†XLbXXX.¸ƒ #ÔÔ‡X.¸XXXLbÔÓÓà@33-ÚàòòOPINIONóóˆÐ `  МÔ#†XLbXXX.¸H#ÔÌ›à Œ àà ä àThe€defendant,€William€Alonzo€Hamilton,€was€convicted€of€delivery€ofÏover€0.5€gram€of€cocaine€and€simple€possession€of€cocaine.€€The€trial€courtÏsentenced€the€defendant,€who€qualified€as€a€Range€I€offender,€to€ten€years€forÏdelivery€of€cocaine€and€eleven€months,€twenty„nine€days€at€seventy„five€percent€forÏsimple€possession.€€The€sentences€are€to€be€served€concurrently.€€A€fine€ofÏ$2,250.00€was€imposed.ÌÌà Œ àà ä àIn€this€appeal€of€right,€the€defendant€presents€the€following€issues€forÏour€review:ÌÓÓà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#à(1)€€whether€the€evidence€is€sufficient;Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#à(2)€€whether€the€trial€court€erred€by€admitting€theÏstatements€of€a€co„conspirator;€andÐ ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#à(3)€€whether€the€sentence€is€excessive.Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌÓÓÌà Œ àà ä àWe€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€but€modify€the€sentenceÏbecause€of€the€misapplication€of€an€enhancement€factor.ÌÌà Œ àà ä àIn€early€April€of€1995,€Agent€Gary€Luther€of€the€Drug€Task€Force€wasÏinvolved€in€an€undercover€investigation€of€Donna€Gail€Smith,€from€whom€he€hadÏpurchased€cocaine.€€On€April€11th,€as€Agent€Luther€attempted€to€arrange€anotherÏpurchase,€Ms.€Smith€responded,€"[O]kay€...€€let€me€get€in€touch€with€my€man€and€I'llÏlet€you€know."€€Later€that€afternoon,€Ms.€Smith€telephoned€Agent€Luther€and€said,Ï"I've€got€in€touch€with€my€guy."€€She€stated€that€he€could€purchase€two€eight„balls€ofÏcocaine,€about€seven€grams,€for€$380.00.€€Ms.€Smith€agreed€to€meet€Agent€LutherÏat€Shoney's,€her€place€of€employment,€at€10:00€P.M.€Ð 9¼/3 ÐÐ þ8ž/5 Ðà Œ àà ä àWhen€Agent€Luther€arrived,€he€had€$500.00€in€marked€bills€and€woreÏa€transmitter.€€Ms.€Smith€directed€him€to€a€closed€section€of€the€restaurant€andÏexplained€that€she€did€not€have€the€cocaine€but€that€she€had€"called€her€guy€and€itÏwas€supposed€to€be€there€...."€€Ms.€Smith€then€said,€"I'll€have€to€pay€when€he€getsÏhere,"€so€Agent€Luther€handed€her€$380.00.€€When€several€minutes€passed,€AgentÏLuther€asked€her€to€inquire€about€the€delay.€€Ms.€Smith€made€a€telephone€call€andÏthen€paced€back€and€forth€from€the€restaurant€entrance€to€Agent€Luther's€table.€€Ms.ÏSmith€assured€the€agent€that€"he€will€be€here€in€a€minute."€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àAfter€about€twenty€minutes,€Ms.€Smith€walked€to€a€car€which€had€justÏentered€the€parking€lot.€€When€she€returned€about€four€minutes€later,€Agent€LutherÏnoticed€a€gold€car€being€driven€away€from€the€restaurant.€€Ms.€Smith€then€handedÏAgent€Luther€a€bag€containing€white€powder.€€When€he€realized€that€he€had€notÏreceived€the€proper€amount€of€cocaine,€Ms.€Smith€said,€"I'll€go€call€him€right€now€andÏwe'll€try€to€make€it€up€and€we'll€make€it€right€with€you."€€She€stated€that€she€could€notÏrefund€any€of€the€money€because€she€no€longer€had€it.ÌÌà Œ àà ä àSergeant€James€McWright,€who€was€parked€in€an€adjoining€parking€lotÏduring€the€transaction,€saw€Ms.€Smith€motion€a€1987€gold€Nissan€Pulsar€toward€theÏrear€of€the€building.€€At€trial,€Sergeant€McWright€testified€that€Ms.€Smith€entered€theÏPulsar€and€then€return€to€the€restaurant€four€minutes€later.€€When€he€confirmed€thatÏMs.€Smith€delivered€cocaine€to€Agent€Luther,€Sergeant€McWright€directed€otherÏofficers€who€had€followed€the€Pulsar€to€initiate€a€stop.€€Sergeant€McWright€did€notÏsee€the€defendant€hand€Ms.€Smith€cocaine€nor€could€he€hear€their€conversation.ÌÌà Œ àà ä àOfficer€Ed€Rigsby,€who€arrested€the€defendant€and€read€him€his€rights,Ïœdiscovered›€a€pager€and€$311.00€in€cash€in€his€possession.€€During€a€search€of€œtheÐ 8¸.4 ÐPulsar,›€he€found€a€film€container€which€appeared€to€contain€cocaine€between€theÏfront€seats,€a€rock„like€substance€in€the€hatchback€area€of€the€vehicle,€and€plasticÏbags€stuffed€in€a€tennis€shoe.€€Because€Officer€Rigsby€picked€up€the€film€canister,Ïno€fingerprint€analysis€was€performed.ò ò€ó ó€The€defendant,€who€was€not€the€owner€ofÐ Äd Ðthe€Pulsar,€had€no€driver's€license.€€Officer€Rigsby€testified€that€drug€dealers€do€notÏordinarily€drive€their€own€cars€because€of€civil€forfeiture€laws.€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àOfficer€Carlos€Cordero€was€able€to€identify€$300.00€in€marked€billsÏseized€from€the€defendant€and€the€other€$80.00€in€marked€bills€which€were€seizedÏfrom€Ms.€Smith.€€Phillip€Freeze,€who€tested€the€contraband,€determined€that€the€bagÏof€powder€consisted€of€2.3€grams€of€cocaine€and€the€film€canister€contained€0.2Ïgram€of€cocaine.€€The€rock„like€substance€was€not€a€controlled€substance.€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àThe€thirty„three„year„old€defendant€testified€that€he€met€Ms.€SmithÏwhile€he€was€working€as€a€cook€at€Shoney's.€€He€maintained€that€he€loaned€herÏ$300.00€to€fix€her€car€and€that€she€was€to€repay€him€with€her€income€tax€refund.€€HeÏclaimed€that€Ms.€Smith€had€paged€him€on€the€night€of€his€arrest€and€that€when€heÏreturned€her€call,€she€asked€him€to€come€to€the€restaurant€so€she€could€repay€theÏloan.€€The€defendant€explained€that€he€borrowed€the€gold€Pulsar€from€a€co„workerÏand€drove€to€Shoney's€to€collect€his€money.€€He€denied€giving€Ms.€Smith€cocaineÏand€disclaimed€ownership€of€the€illegal€drugs€seized€from€the€car.€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àMs.€Smith,€who€was€a€fugitive€at€the€time€of€trial,€did€not€testify.ÌÌà@¾¾0ÚàIˆÌà Œ àà ä àThe€defendant€first€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€for€theÏdelivery€conviction.€€On€appeal,€of€course,€the€state€is€entitled€to€the€œstrongestÐ $8Ä.4 Ðlegitimate›€view€of€the€evidence€and€all€reasonable€inferences€which€might€be€drawnÏtherefrom.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€€The€credibility€ofÐ , Ì Ðthe€witnesses,€the€weight€to€be€given€their€testimony,€and€the€reconciliation€ofÏconflicts€in€the€proof€are€matters€entrusted€to€the€jury€as€trier€of€fact.€€òòByrge€v.€Stateóó,Ð Äd Ð575€S.W.2d€292,€295€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978).€€When€the€sufficiency€of€theÏevidence€is€challenged,€the€relevant€question€is€whether,€after€reviewing€theÏevidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€state,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€haveÏfound€the€essential€elements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòState€v.Ð ô”  ÐWilliamsóó,€657€S.W.2d€405,€410€(Tenn.€1983);€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e).€€Ð À` ÐÌà Œ àà ä àThe€state€may€use€direct€evidence,€circumstantial€evidence,€or€aÏcombination€of€both€to€prove€the€requisite€elements€of€a€criminal€offense.€€òòState€v.Ð $Ä ÐTharpeóó,€726€S.W.2d€896,€899-900€(Tenn.€1987).€€The€weight€to€be€givenÐ ð Ðcircumstantial€evidence,€and€any€inferences€to€be€drawn€therefrom,€"are€questionsÏprimarily€for€the€jury."€€òòMarable€v.€Stateóó,€313€S.W.2d€451,€457€(Tenn.€1958).€Ð ˆ"( ÐÌà Œ àà ä àIt€is€an€offense€to€knowingly€deliver€a€controlled€substance.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.Ð  &À  ÐCode€Ann.€ðððð€39„17„417(a)(2),€(c)(2).€€A€person€acts€knowingly€"when€the€person€isÏaware€that€the€conduct€is€reasonably€certain€to€cause€the€result."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ïðð€39„11„302(b).€€"'Deliver'€or€'delivery'€means€the€actual,€constructive,€or€attemptedÏtransfer€from€one€person€to€another€of€a€controlled€substance,€whether€or€not€thereÏis€an€agency€relationship."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„402(6).€€Cocaine€is€a€scheduleÏII€controlled€substance.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„408.€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àIn€our€view,€the€jury€acted€within€its€prerogative€by€determining€that€theÏdefendant€delivered€cocaine€to€Ms.€Smith€in€the€Shoney's€parking€lot.€€According€toÏAgent€Luther,€Ms.€Smith€did€not€have€the€cocaine€until€she€returned€from€the€œcarÐ 8¸.4 Ðdriven›€by€the€defendant.€€The€defendant€had€$300.00€in€marked€bills€on€his€personÏwhen€he€was€arrested.€€From€all€of€the€circumstances€established€by€the€testimony,Ïa€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€that€the€defendant€knowingly€deliveredÏcocaine€to€Ms.€Smith.€€òòSeeóó€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307€(1979).€€The€evidenceÐ Äd Ðis€sufficient.ÌÌà@¢¢/ÚàIIˆÌà Œ àà ä àNext,€the€defendant€challenges€the€hearsay€statements€of€Ms.€SmithÏto€Agent€Luther.€€He€argues€that€the€state€failed€to€prove€by€a€preponderance€of€theÏevidence€that€a€conspiracy€existed€when€the€hearsay€statements€were€made€andÏthat€the€statements€of€Ms.€Smith€were€not€made€in€the€course€of€and€in€furtheranceÏof€the€conspiracy.ÌÌà Œ àà ä àTenn€R.€Evid.€803(1.2)(E)€permits€statements€offered€against€a€partyÏthat€are€statements€"by€a€co„conspirator€of€a€party€during€the€course€of€and€inÏfurtherance€of€the€conspiracy."€€A€conspiracy€is€defined€as€a€combination€betweenÏtwo€or€more€persons€to€do€a€criminal€or€unlawful€act€or€a€lawful€act€by€criminal€orÏunlawful€means.€€òòState€v.€Lequireóó,€634€S.W.2d€608,€612€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1981).€€Ð ì'Œ" ÐÌà Œ àà ä àFor€determining€admissibility€of€a€co„conspirator's€statements,€the€Ïconspiracy€must€be€proved€by€a€preponderance€of€the€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Stamperóó,Ð P-ð#( Ð863€S.W.2d€404€(Tenn.€1993).€€In€order€to€prove€a€conspiracy,€it€is€not€necessaryÏthat€the€state€show€a€formal€agreement€between€the€parties€to€do€the€unlawful€act;€aÏmutual€implied€understanding€is€sufficient,€although€not€manifested€by€any€formalÏwords€or€a€written€agreement.€€òòState€v.€Gayloróó,€862€S.W.2d€546,€553€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð €4 +0 ÐApp.€1992).€€The€unlawful€confederation€may€be€established€by€circumstantialÏevidence€and€the€conduct€of€the€parties€in€the€execution€of€the€criminal€œenterprises.€Ð 8¸.4 ÐòòId.ó󛀀Ð `  ÐÌà Œ àà ä àThe€trial€court€determined€that€the€conduct€of€the€defendant€and€Ms.ÏSmith€was€sufficient€to€establish€that€a€conspiracy€existed€by€a€preponderance€ofÏthe€evidence.€€We€agree.€€Ms.€Smith€arranged€for€the€delivery.€€She€watched€for€theÏdefendant€and€upon€seeing€the€Pulsar,€she€directed€him€to€the€rear€of€the€parkingÏlot.€€She€entered€the€vehicle€and,€within€a€few€minutes,€returned€to€the€restaurantÏand€handed€Agent€Luther€a€plastic€bag€containing€cocaine.€€The€conduct€of€theÏdefendant€and€Ms.€Smith€demonstrates€an€implied€understanding€to€deliver€cocaineÏfor€sale.€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àHaving€determined€that€a€conspiracy€existed€between€the€defendantÏand€Ms.€Smith,€the€statements€may€be€admitted€into€evidence€only€if€the€conspiracyÏwas€in€process€at€the€time€the€statements€were€made.€€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€803(1.2)(E).€Ï"If€the€conspiracy€had€either€not€yet€begun€or€had€ended€by€the€time€the€statementÏwas€made,€the€declaration€is€not€admissible€under€the€hearsay€exception."€€òòGayloróó,Ð T$ô Ð862€S.W.2d€at€554.ÌÌà Œ àà ä àThe€defendant€argues€that€Ms.€Smith's€references€to€him€occurredÏbefore€any€agreement€was€reached€and,€therefore,€were€not€made€in€the€course€ofÏand€in€furtherance€of€the€conspiracy.€€€He€also€maintains€that€her€statements€simplyÏsummarized€her€efforts€to€obtain€cocaine€and,€in€the€alternative,€should€be€classifiedÏas€casual€conversation.ÌÌà Œ àà ä àThere€were€several€incriminating€statements.€€When€first€asked€if€sheÏcould€obtain€cocaine,€Ms.€Smith€responded,€"[L]et€me€get€in€touch€with€my€man€andÏI'll€let€you€know."€€Later,€she€informed€Agent€Luther€that€she€had€made€contact€œwithñ?ñÐ 8¸.4 Ðñ?ññ@ñ›Ð 8¸.4 Ðñ@ñ"my›€guy,"€who€could€provide€two€eight„balls€of€cocaine€that€evening.€€When€AgentÏLuther€arrived,€she€explained€that€she€had€"called€her€guy€and€it€was€supposed€toÏbe€there€...."€€While€Agent€Luther€waited,€she€accepted€his€money€because,€"I'llÏhave€to€pay€when€he€gets€here."€€Later,€she€said,€"He€will€be€here€in€a€minute."€ÏWhen€Agent€Luther€determined€that€the€amount€of€cocaine€he€had€received€wasÏinadequate,€Ms,€Smith€replied,€"I'll€go€call€him€right€now€and€we'll€try€to€make€it€upÏand€we'll€make€it€right€with€you."€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àBased€upon€the€various€statements,€it€is€our€conclusion€the€conspiracyÏbegan€during€the€course€of€her€initial€telephone€call€to€her€"man."€€While€Ms.€SmithÏdid€not€name€the€defendant€as€"her€guy,"€the€circumstances€surrounding€theÏtransaction€suggest€that€the€defendant€was,€in€fact,€the€man€she€had€called€earlier€inÏthe€day.€€The€statements€qualify€as€a€confirmation€of€the€availability€of€cocaine€forÏher€customer€and,€as€such,€were€made€in€furtherance€of€the€conspiracy.€€TheÏstatement€regarding€payment€is€also€in€furtherance€of€the€conspiracy€because€sheÏneeded€the€cash€in€order€to€acquire€the€cocaine€from€the€defendant.€€OtherÏstatements€by€Ms.€Smith€provided€reassurance€that€the€deal€would€beÏconsummated.€€The€statements€are€more€than€idle€conversation,€and,€in€our€viewÏwere€properly€admitted€into€evidence.ÌÌà@††/ÚàIIIˆÌà Œ àà ä àWhile€not€dissatisfied€with€the€simple€possession€sentence,€theÏdefendant€insists€that€the€ten„year€sentence€is€excessive€for€the€felony€conviction.ÏHe€submits€that€the€enhancement€factors€identified€by€the€trial€court€were€Ô‡X*»XXX*»ÔimproperlyÐ ´2T). Ðapplied€and€that€the€trial€court€ignored€valid€mitigating€factors.€€Ô#†X*»XXX*»ÉC#ÔÔ‡X*»XXX*»ÔThe€state€contendsÐ €4 +0 Ðthat€the€sentence€is€warranted€despite€the€incorrect€application€of€one€enhancementÏœfactor.ñAñÐ 8¸.4 ÐñAññAñ‡ñAññBñÌñBññAñ›ñAññBñÐ  `  ÐñBñ›à Œ àà ä àWhen€there€is€a€challenge€to€the€length,€range,€or€manner€of€service€ofÏa€sentence,€it€is€the€duty€of€this€court€to€conduct€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€with€aÐ , Ì Ðpresumption€that€the€determinations€made€by€the€trial€court€are€correct.€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€This€presumption€is€"conditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showingÏin€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevantÏfacts€and€circumstances."€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991);€òòseeóóÐ \ü  ÐòòState€v.€Jonesóó,€883€S.W.2d€597€(Tenn.€1994).€Ô#†X*»XXX*»nD#Ô€€"If€the€trial€court€appliesÐ (È  Ðinappropriate€factors€or€otherwise€fails€to€follow€the€1989€Sentencing€Act,€theÏpresumption€of€correctness€falls."€€òòState€v.€Sheltonóó,€854€S.W.2d€116,€123€(Tenn.Ð À` ÐCrim.€App.€1992).€€The€Sentencing€Commission€Comments€provide€that€the€burdenÏis€on€the€defendant€to€show€the€impropriety€of€the€sentence.€€Ô‡X*»XXX*»ÔÐ Xø ÐÌà Œ àà ä àOur€review€requires€an€analysis€of€(1)€the€evidence,€if€any,€received€atÏthe€trial€and€sentencing€hearing;€(2)€the€presentence€report;€(3)€the€principles€ofÏsentencing€and€the€arguments€of€counsel€relative€to€sentencing€alternatives;€(4)€theÏnature€and€characteristics€of€the€offense;€(5)€any€mitigating€or€enhancing€factors;€(6)Ïany€statements€made€by€the€defendant€in€his€own€behalf;€and€(7)€the€defendant'sÏpotential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€40„35„102,€„103,€and€Ì„210;€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€735€S.W.2d€859,€863€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).€€Ð ¸)X $ ÐÌà Œ àà ä àAt€the€time€of€this€offense,€the€presumptive€sentence€was€theÏminimum€in€the€range€if€there€were€no€enhancement€and€mitigating€factors.€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(c).€€Should€the€trial€court€find€mitigating€and€enhancementÏfactors,€it€must€start€at€the€minimum€sentence€in€the€range€and€enhance€theÏsentence€based€upon€any€applicable€enhancement€factors,€and€then€reduce€theÏsentence€based€upon€any€appropriate€mitigating€factors.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„¼210(e).€€The€weight€given€to€each€factor€is€within€the€trial€court's€discretion€œprovidedñCñÐ 8¸.4 ÐñCññDññCñ€ñCñ›Ð 8¸.4 ÐñDñthat›€the€record€supports€its€findings€and€it€complies€with€the€1989€Act.€€òòSeeóó€òòAshbyóó,Ð `  Ð823€S.W.2d€at€169.€€The€trial€court€should,€however,€make€specific€findings€on€theÏrecord€which€indicate€its€application€of€the€sentencing€principles.€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ïðððð€40„35„209€and€„210.€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àÔ#†X*»XXX*»I#ÔThe€defendant€testified€the€he€had€lost€two€jobs€because€of€his€arrest.€Ð \ü  ÐAfter€his€release€on€bail,€he€obtained€employment€from€Steak„Out€and€had€aÏcommitment€from€them€for€future€employment€in€the€event€he€received€a€suspendedÏsentence.€€He€arranged€to€live€with€his€girlfriend,€Gladys€Cole,€and€agreed€to€a€wageÏassignment€to€satisfy€child€support€obligations€for€his€ten„year„old€son€who€residesÏin€Arkansas.€€He€stated€that€he€was€certain€he€could€abide€by€the€court's€orders€ifÏgranted€a€suspended€or€an€alternative€sentence.ÌÌà Œ àà ä àThe€defendant,€who€had€been€convicted€twice€for€assaulting€Ms.€Cole,Ïwas€on€probation€for€those€offenses€at€the€time€he€committed€these€crimes.€€WhileÏawaiting€trial,€he€committed€misdemeanor€child€abuse€against€Ms.€Cole's€eleven„¼year„old€son.ÌÌà Œ àà ä àAs€a€Range€I€offender,€the€defendant€was€eligible€for€a€sentence€ofÏeight€to€twelve€years€for€the€delivery€of€cocaine€over€0.5€gram,€a€Class€B€felony.€ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„17„417,€40„35„112(a)(2).€€€The€trial€court€considered€theÏsentencing€principles€set€forth€in€the€1989€Act,€the€evidence,€the€pre„sentenceÏreport,€and€the€testimony€of€the€defendant€and€found€that€the€defendant€had€a€priorÏhistory€of€criminal€convictions€or€criminal€behavior€and€had€a€history€of€unwillingnessÏto€comply€with€the€conditions€of€a€sentence€involving€release€to€the€community.€ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(1),€(8).€€The€trial€court€provided€these€enhancementÏfactors€"great€weight."€€The€trial€court€found€the€defendant,€while€not€the€leader€œinñEñÐ 8¸.4 ÐñEññFñ›Ð 8¸.4 ÐñFñthe›€commission€of€the€offense,€to€be€a€leader.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(2).€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àWhile€the€defendant€argued€that€he€played€a€minor€role€in€the€offense,Ïthe€trial€court€found€that€delivering€drugs€should€not€be€characterized€as€a€minorÏrole.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(4).€€The€trial€court€refused€to€consider€hisÐ 0 Ðstable€work€history€and€lack€of€prior€felony€convictions€as€mitigating€factors,€becauseÏthat€behavior€is€expected€of€citizens.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(13).€€Ð (È  ÐÌà Œ àà ä àThe€trial€court€found€that€the€defendant€was€ineligible€for€probation.€ÏCommunity€Corrections€was€considered€but€rejected€given€the€defendant's€history€ofÏviolence.€€The€trial€court€also€found€that€placement€on€Community€Corrections€wouldÏdeprecate€the€seriousness€of€the€offense.ÌÌà Œ àà ä àThe€defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€applying€twoÏenhancement€factors:€that€the€defendant€was€a€leader€in€the€offense€and€that€heÏhas€a€history€of€unwillingness€to€comply€with€a€sentence€involving€release€to€theÏcommunity.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114€(2),€(8).€€The€state€concedes€that€theÏlatter€factor,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(8),€is€not€applicable.€€Although€theÏdefendant€can€be€considered€a€leader,€he€did€not€have€a€previous€history€ofÏunwillingness€to€comply€with€a€sentence€involving€release€to€the€community.€€òòSeeóóÐ „+$"& ÐòòState€v.€Hayesóó,€899€S.W.2d€175€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995)€(There€must€be€aÐ P-ð#( Ðdemonstrated€previous€history€of€unwillingness).ÌÌà Œ àà ä àThe€ruling€in€òòHayesóó€precludes€consideration€of€the€defendant'sÐ ´2T). Ðprobationary€status€as€an€enhancement.€€That€error€was€compounded€by€theÏplacement€of€"great€weight"€on€this€factor.€€Due€to€the€error,€the€defendant'sÏsentence€for€delivery€of€over€0.5€gram€of€cocaine€is€modified€from€ten€to€nine€œyears.ñGñ€Ð 8¸.4 ÐñGññHñ›Ð 8¸.4 ÐÐ 8¸.4 ÐñHñ›à Œ àà ä àAccordingly,€the€judgment€of€conviction€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed€andÏthe€sentence€for€delivery€of€over€0.5€gram€of€cocaine€is€modified€to€nine€years.ÌÓỚ̜Ìà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D à__________________________________Ìà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àGary€R.€Wade,€Presiding€JudgeÌÌCONCUR:Ì̛̜Ì_________________________________ÌDavid€G.€Hayes,€JudgeÌÌÌœÌ_________________________________›ÌJerry€L.€Smith,€Judge