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ŠĢą@@½½ģąņ ņ€Appeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Davidson€CountyŠ é 9 Šą@@ųųģąNo.€2000„D„1999€€€€€€J.€Randall€Wyatt,€Jr.,€JudgeŠ Ó # ŠĢĢą@@ģģ*ģąßA€V) °°` d€÷E<` Aߊ ‘į  ŠĢą@@TTģąNo.€M2002„01462„CCA„R3„CD€„€Filed€December€18,€Ō_Ō2003Ō_ŌŠ ŠŚ  ŠĢßA€V) °°` dE<]` Aߊ ^®  Šó óĢÓ  ÓA€Davidson€County€Criminal€Court€jury€convicted€the€defendant,€Kelvin€Hobson,€of€two€counts€ofŠ V¦  Šaggravated€sexual€battery,€a€Class€B€felony,€and€the€trial€court€sentenced€him€as€a€violent€offenderŠ ? Što€concurrent€ten„year€sentences.€€The€defendant€appeals€his€convictions,€claiming€that€(1)€theŠ (x Ševidence€is€insufficient;€(2)€the€trial€court€improperly€allowed€the€state€to€cross„examine€him€aboutŠ a Šprior€bad€acts;€(3)€the€trial€court€improperly€allowed€state€witnesses€to€give€rebuttal€testimony€aboutŠ śJ Šhis€prior€bad€acts€and€his€character€for€truthfulness;€(4)€the€trial€court€improperly€refused€to€give€aŠ ć3 Šcurative€instruction€after€the€state€shifted€the€burden€of€proof€during€closing€argumentŌ#†¼•Ķ»XXÉ/{#ŌŌ‡XÉ/X»¼•ĶŌ;€and€(5)€theŠ Ģ Štrial€court€should€have€granted€his€new€trial€motion€because€the€jury€foreman€mistakenly€told€otherŠ µ Šjurors€during€deliberations€that€the€defendant€would€serve€only€probation€for€his€aggravated€sexualŠ žī Šbattery€convictions.€€We€conclude€that€the€trial€court€committed€reversible€error€by€allowing€stateŠ ‡× Šwitnesses€to€testify€on€rebuttal€about€the€defendantššs€prior€bad€acts€and€his€character€for€truthfulness.€Š pĄ ŠAccordingly,€we€reverse€the€judgments€of€the€trial€court€and€remand€the€case€for€a€new€trial.Š Y© ŠÓØÓĢņ ņTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgments€of€the€Criminal€Courtó ó€ņ ņReversed,€CaseŠ +{ ŠRemandedó óŠ g ŠĢņņÓ  ÓŌ#†¼•Ķ»ąXÉ/#ŌŌ‡XÉ/X.¼•ĶŌJoseph€M.€Tipton,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€ņņDavid€H.€Wellesóó€and€ņņAlan€E.Š ź :  ŠGlenn,€JJ.óó,€joined.Š Ó!#! ŠĢGlenn€R.€Funk€and€Cynthia€M.€Fort€(on€appeal),€Nashville,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€KelvinŠ „#õ# ŠHobson.Š Ž$Ž$ ŠĢPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Thomas€E.€Williams,€III,€Assistant€AttorneyŠ `&°!& ŠGeneral;€Victor€S.€Johnson,€III,€District€Attorney€General;€Brian€Keith€Holmgren,€Assistant€DistrictŠ I'™"' ŠAttorney€General,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Š 2(‚#( ŠÓF ÓĢą@@OO&ģąņ ņOPINIONó óŌ#†¼•Ķ»XXÉ/u #ŌŌ‡XÉ/X»¼•ĶŌŠ *T%* ŠĢÓ  Óą  ąThe€defendant€was€charged€with€sexually€abusing€his€girlfriendššs€niece€and€his€girlfriendššsŠ ×+'', Štwo€granddaughters.€€L.€M.,€who€was€fifteen€years€old€at€the€March€2002€trial,€testified€that€AnnieŠ Ą,(- ŠHarvey€was€her€aunt€Ō#†¼•Ķ»XXÉ/W#ŌŌ‡XÉ/X»¼•ĶŌand€that€the€defendant€was€Ms.€Harveyššs€boyfriend.€€She€said€that€theŠ ©-ł(.żĆ ŠŌ_Ōdefendant€lived€with€her€aunt€in€Nashville€and€that€she€had€known€him€since€she€was€about€fiveŠ ° Šyears€old.€€She€said€that€when€she€was€about€nine€years€old,€she€spent€almost€every€weekend€at€Ms.Š ™é ŠHarveyššs€house€and€that€her€cousins€K.€H.€and€M.€H.€also€spent€nights€there€with€her.€€She€said€sheŠ ‚Ņ Šand€her€cousins€would€be€alone€with€the€defendant€sometimes€because€her€aunt€was€at€work€orŠ k» Šasleep.€€She€said€that€her€aunt€and€the€defendant€owned€a€box€of€sex€toys€and€that€the€defendantŠ T¤ Šwould€rub€the€toys€on€her.€€She€said€that€one€of€the€toys€was€a€vibrator€and€that€the€defendant€wouldŠ =  Šmasturbate€while€L.€M.€rubbed€herself€with€it.€€She€said€that€the€box€also€contained€photographs€ofŠ & v Šher€aunt€naked€and€that€the€defendant€showed€her€the€photographs.Š  _ ŠĢą  ąL.€M.€testified€that€the€defendant€would€rub€his€penis€against€her€genitals€while€her€clothesŠ į 1  Šwere€off€but€that€he€did€not€insert€his€penis€into€her€vagina.€€She€said€that€she€would€perform€fellatioŠ Ź   Šon€him€while€he€performed€cunnilingus€on€her€and€that€the€defendant€performed€oral€sex€on€herŠ ³  Šmore€than€three€times.€€She€said€that€the€defendant€also€stuck€his€fingers€into€her€vagina€once€andŠ œģ  Šthat€he€touched€her€labia€with€his€toe€twice€when€she€was€about€nine€years€old.€€She€said€that€theŠ …Õ  Šdefendant€did€not€stick€his€toe€inside€of€her€but€that€he€stuck€the€tip€of€his€penis€into€her€rectum.€€SheŠ n¾  Šsaid€that€the€defendant€also€rubbed€his€penis€on€K.€H.€and€M.€H.€and€that€he€made€them€performŠ W§  Šfellatio€on€him.€€She€said€that€the€four€of€them€would€watch€pornographic€videotapes€together€andŠ @ Šthat€the€defendant€wanted€to€take€photographs€of€her€naked€but€that€she€refused.€€Š )y ŠĢą  ąL.€M.€testified€that€the€defendant€gave€her€and€her€cousins€gifts€in€order€to€keep€them€fromŠ ūK Šrevealing€the€abuse€and€that€she€did€not€tell€anyone€about€the€abuse€because€the€defendant€told€herŠ ä4 Šno€one€would€believe€her.€€She€said€that€she€was€older€than€K.€H.€and€M.€H.€and€that€she€told€themŠ Ķ Šnot€to€tell€anyone€because€no€one€would€believe€them.€€She€said€that€she€never€talked€to€the€policeŠ ¶ Šbut€that€she€told€a€woman€at€school€about€the€abuse€when€she€was€thirteen€years€old.€€She€said€thatŠ Ÿļ Šlater,€Kate€Greer€from€the€Department€of€Childrenššs€Services€(DCS)€talked€to€her.€€She€said€that€Ms.Š ˆŲ ŠGreer€wanted€her€to€wear€a€wire€under€her€clothes€and€visit€the€defendant€at€work€but€that€sheŠ qĮ Šrefused.€€She€said€a€doctor€never€examined€her.Š ZŖ ŠĢą  ąOn€cross„examination,€L.€M.€testified€that€she€and€her€aunt€had€a€close€relationship€and€thatŠ ,| Šher€aunt€liked€for€her€to€visit.€€She€said€that€in€addition€to€weekends,€she€also€spent€time€at€her€auntššsŠ e Šhome€after€school.€€She€said€that€every€time€she€was€at€Ms.€Harveyššs€house,€some€type€of€sexualŠ žN Šactivity€occurred€with€the€defendant.€€She€said€that€after€she€revealed€the€abuse,€she€continued€to€goŠ ē 7 Što€Ms.€Harveyššs€house€even€though€she€was€not€supposed€to€go€there.€€She€said€that€she€never€askedŠ Š!   Šher€aunt€if€she€could€live€at€her€auntššs€house€and€that€when€she€was€twelve€or€thirteen,€she€stoppedŠ ¹" ! Šgoing€to€her€auntššs€house€completely.€€She€said€that€after€she€revealed€the€abuse,€she€was€sent€toŠ ¢#ņ" ŠVanderbilt€for€counseling€and€a€group€home.€She€said€that€the€defendant€ejaculated€often€during€theŠ ‹$Ū# Šabuse€and€that€he€could€ejaculate€up€to€four€times€each€night.Š t%Ä $ ŠĢą  ąK.€H.,€who€was€eleven€years€old€at€the€time€of€trial,€testified€that€the€defendant€would€touchŠ F'–"& Šher€buttocks€with€his€hand€and€his€penis€while€her€clothes€were€off.€€She€said€that€the€defendantŠ /(#' Šperformed€cunnilingus€on€her€and€that€he€made€her€touch€his€penis€with€her€mouth€one€time.€€SheŠ )h$( Šsaid€that€the€defendant€would€touch€her€genitals€with€his€penis€and€that€his€penis€would€go€š šin€andŠ *Q%) Šout.šš€€She€said€L.€M.€saw€the€defendant€do€these€things€to€her.€€She€said€that€she€saw€the€defendantŠ ź*:&* Štouch€M.€H.ššs€buttocks€and€genitals€with€his€hand€and€that€she€saw€the€defendant€touch€L.€M.ššsŠ Ó+#'+ Šbuttocks€with€his€hand.€€She€said€that€her€grandmother,€Annie€Harvey,€was€always€away€from€homeŠ ° Šwhen€the€abuse€occurred€and€that€the€defendant€never€bought€or€gave€her€anything.€€She€said€sheŠ ™é Štold€her€mother€about€the€abuse.€€Š ‚Ņ ŠĢą  ąOn€cross„examination,€K.€H.€acknowledged€that€she€told€the€defendantššs€attorney€no€one€hadŠ T¤ Šever€touched€her.€€She€also€acknowledged€being€examined€by€a€doctor€but€did€not€remember€tellingŠ =  Šthe€doctor€that€no€one€had€ever€touched€her€genitals.€€She€said€she€never€saw€the€defendant€ejaculate.€Š & v ŠOn€redirect€examination,€K.€H.€said€she€told€the€defendantššs€attorney€that€no€one€touched€herŠ  _ Šbecause€she€was€scared.€€She€said€L.€M.€never€told€her€to€say€bad€things€about€the€defendant.Š ų H ŠĢą  ąSue€Ross,€a€pediatric€nurse€practitioner,€testified€that€the€DCS€referred€K.€H.€to€her€and€thatŠ Ź   Šshe€examined€the€child.€€She€said€that€K.€H€was€nine€years€old€at€the€time€of€the€examination€andŠ ³  Šthat€K.€H.ššs€hymen€had€an€unusual€indentation.€€She€said€that€although€K.€H.€had€š ša€very€concerningŠ œģ  Šexam,šš€she€could€not€say€the€indentation€was€caused€by€sexual€abuse.€€She€said€that€the€indentationŠ …Õ  Šcould€have€resulted€from€a€penis€or€a€finger€coming€into€contact€with€K.€H.ššs€genitalia€or€that€itŠ n¾  Šcould€have€been€the€result€of€K.€H.ššs€normal€development.€€On€cross„examination,€she€said€that€K.Š W§  ŠH.ššs€hymen€was€not€torn€and€that€she€did€not€see€any€bruises,€abrasions,€or€scars€on€K.€H.€€SheŠ @ Šacknowledged€that€K.€H.€never€indicated€she€had€been€touched€inappropriately.Š )y ŠĢą  ąM.€H.,€who€was€nine€years€old€at€the€time€of€trial,€identified€the€defendant€in€court€andŠ ūK Štestified€that€she€knew€him€as€š šBone.šš€€She€said€that€she€met€Bone€at€Annie€Harveyššs€house€but€thatŠ ä4 Šshe€did€not€know€if€he€lived€there.€€She€acknowledged€that€she€would€spend€the€night€at€herŠ Ķ Šgrandmotherššs€house€and€that€L.€M.€and€K.€H.€also€spent€the€night€there.€€She€said€that€the€defendantŠ ¶ Šwould€touch€her€buttocks€with€his€penis€while€both€of€them€had€their€clothes€on,€that€the€defendantŠ Ÿļ Štouched€her€š šprivate€partšš€over€her€clothes€with€his€hand,€and€that€he€touched€her€private€part€withŠ ˆŲ Šhis€mouth€while€her€clothes€were€off.€€She€also€said€she€saw€the€defendant€touch€L.€M.€and€K.€H.€Š qĮ ŠShe€said€the€defendant€never€told€her€not€to€tell€people€about€the€abuse.€€On€cross„examination,€M.Š ZŖ ŠH.€testified€that€she€never€saw€the€defendantššs€penis€because€his€clothes€were€always€on.€€Š C“ ŠĢą  ąAnnie€Mae€Harvey€testified€that€she€had€known€the€defendant€all€of€her€life€and€that€they€hadŠ e Ša€romantic€relationship€for€about€eleven€years.€€She€said€that€her€niece€and€two€granddaughtersŠ žN Šwould€spend€the€night€at€her€house€and€that€the€defendant€also€would€be€there.€€She€said€that€sheŠ ē 7 Škept€a€Polaroid€instant€camera€and€a€box€of€sex€toys€in€her€bedroom€but€that€the€box€was€locked€andŠ Š!   Šshe€always€had€the€key.€€She€said€that€she€and€the€defendant€owned€sexually€explicit€videotapes€andŠ ¹" ! Šthat€she€was€unaware€of€the€children€ever€watching€them.€€She€said€that€the€defendant€tookŠ ¢#ņ" Šphotographs€of€her€naked€with€the€instant€camera,€that€she€kept€the€photographs€in€the€locked€box,Š ‹$Ū# Šand€that€she€never€showed€the€photographs€to€the€children.€€She€said€that€after€she€learned€the€policeŠ t%Ä $ Šwere€investigating€the€defendant,€they€stopped€seeing€each€other.€€She€said€that€their€romanticŠ ]&­!% Šrelationship€ended€in€1998€or€1999€and€that€the€defendant€never€spent€the€night€at€her€house€afterŠ F'–"& Šthat€time.€€She€said€that€at€some€point,€the€police€asked€to€search€her€house€but€that€she€refused.€€SheŠ /(#' Šsaid€that€the€police€later€returned€with€a€search€warrant,€that€she€telephoned€the€defendant,€and€thatŠ )h$( Šthe€defendant€arrived€at€her€house€during€the€search.Š *Q%) Šā āŠ ź*:&* Šą  ąOn€cross„examination,€Ms.€Harvey€testified€that€she€regularly€spent€money€on€L.€M.,€thatŠ ° Šā āL.€M.€never€showed€any€reluctance€to€stay€at€her€house,€and€that€L.€M.€asked€to€live€with€her€in€1996Š ™é Šor€1997Ō#†¼•Ķ»XXÉ/É#ŌŌ‡XÉ/X»¼•ĶŌ.€€She€said€that€the€defendant€was€living€with€her€at€the€time€and€that€she€did€not€let€L.€M.Š ‚Ņ Šlive€with€them€because€she€had€to€work€and€could€not€watch€L.€M.€€She€acknowledged€that€L.€M.Š k» Šwanted€to€š šrun€around€the€neighborhoodšš€but€that€she€would€not€let€her.€€She€said€that€the€defendantŠ T¤ Šmoved€out€of€her€house€in€1997€but€that€they€continued€to€see€each€other€in€1998€and€1999€asŠ =  Šfriends.€€She€said€that€the€defendant€would€give€her€rides€to€work€and€run€errands€for€her€but€thatŠ & v Šhe€never€spent€the€night€at€her€home.€€She€said€that€she€had€custody€of€K.€H.€when€K.€H.€was€fiveŠ  _ Što€eleven€years€old€and€that€after€the€defendant€moved€out,€K.€H.€and€M.€H.€moved€in€with€her.€€Š ų H ŠĢą  ąOn€redirect€examination,€Ms.€Harvey€testified€that€she€may€have€told€the€police€when€theyŠ Ź   Šsearched€her€house€in€January€2000€that€the€defendant€was€her€boyfriend.€€She€said€that€sometimesŠ ³  Šwhen€she€went€to€bed,€the€defendant€would€stay€up€with€the€children.€€She€said€that€she€did€not€knowŠ œģ  Šof€any€conflicts€L.€M.,€K.€H.,€or€M.€H.€had€with€the€defendant€and€that€she€did€not€know€why€theyŠ …Õ  Šwould€falsely€accuse€him€of€sexually€abusing€them.€€She€said€that€the€girls€never€told€her€about€theŠ n¾  Šabuse€and€that€the€defendant€never€had€the€opportunity€to€abuse€them€in€her€home€after€he€movedŠ W§  Šout€in€late€1997.€€She€said,€though,€that€sometimes€when€the€defendant€picked€her€up€from€work€inŠ @ Š1998€and€1999,€L.€M.€would€be€with€him.Š )y ŠĢą  ąSheronda€McNeal€testified€that€she€is€Annie€Harveyššs€niece€and€that€she€was€twenty„oneŠ ūK Šyears€old€at€the€time€of€the€trial.€€She€said€that€on€Labor€Day€1999,€she€was€at€another€auntššs€houseŠ ä4 Šand€that€the€defendant€dropped€off€K.€H.€€She€said€that€K.€H.€was€nervous€and€that€K.€H.€told€herŠ Ķ Šthe€defendant€had€tried€to€make€K.€H.€put€her€mouth€on€his€penis€earlier€that€day.€€She€said€that€sheŠ ¶ Štook€K.€H.€to€K.€H.ššs€mother€and€that€K.€H.€told€her€mother€about€the€abuse.€€She€said€that€the€nextŠ Ÿļ Šday,€she€went€with€K.€H.€to€the€police€and€reported€the€incident.Š ˆŲ ŠĢą  ąDetective€Kristin€Vanderkooi€Dyer€of€the€Nashville€Metropolitan€Police€Department€testifiedŠ ZŖ Šthat€on€August€20,€1999,€she€followed€up€on€a€DCS€report€that€alleged€L.€M.€had€been€sexuallyŠ C“ Šabused.€€She€said€that€she€and€Kate€Greer€from€the€DCS€met€with€L.€M.€and€that€L.€M.€was€angryŠ ,| Šthey€had€come€to€talk€to€her.€€She€said€L.€M.€was€hostile,€did€not€want€to€talk,€and€told€them,Š e Šš šYouššre€not€going€to€be€able€to€help€me.šš€€She€said€that€L.€M.€calmed€down€but€that€L.€M.€stillŠ žN Šwould€not€talk€to€them€about€the€abuse.€€She€said€L.€M.€was€worried€about€Annie€Harvey€and€theŠ ē 7 Šfact€that€L.€M.€had€not€been€honest€with€L.€M.ššs€mother€about€the€situation.€€She€said€that€she€andŠ Š!   ŠMs.€Greer€met€with€L.€M.€again€on€September€22,€that€L.€M.€gave€them€details€about€the€abuse,€andŠ ¹" ! Šthat€L.€M.€indicated€K.€H.€and€M.€H.€also€had€been€abused.€€She€said€that€at€some€point,€she€learnedŠ ¢#ņ" ŠK.€H.€had€complained€to€the€police€about€the€defendant€on€September€7,€1999.€€She€said€that€inŠ ‹$Ū# ŠOctober€1999,€she€and€Ms.€Greer€spoke€with€M.€H.,€who€told€them€that€the€defendant€began€sexuallyŠ t%Ä $ Šabusing€her€when€she€was€six€years€old€and€had€continued€to€abuse€her€until€the€summer€of€1999.€Š ]&­!% ŠĢĢą  ąDetective€Dyer€testified€that€she€went€to€Annie€Harveyššs€house€on€December€6,€1999,€andŠ )h$( Štalked€with€Ms.€Harvey€about€the€childrenššs€allegations.€€She€said€that€she€asked€to€look€around€theŠ *Q%) Šhouse€but€that€Ms.€Harvey€refused.€€She€said€that€she€did€not€know€if€the€defendant€was€living€withŠ ź*:&* ŠMs.€Harvey€at€that€time€but€that€Ms.€Harvey€did€not€want€her€going€through€the€defendantššs€personalŠ Ó+#'+ Šproperty.€€She€said€that€in€January€2000,€she€executed€a€search€warrant€at€Ms.€Harveyššs€house€andŠ ° Šthat€the€defendant€arrived€during€the€search.€€She€said€that€she€was€looking€for€a€box€of€sex€toys,€aŠ ™é Švideo€camera€on€a€tripod,€and€photographs€of€children.€€She€said€that€she€found€the€box€of€sex€toys,Š ‚Ņ Šthe€video€camera,€and€the€tripod.€€She€said€that€Annie€Harvey€was€not€cooperative€with€the€policeŠ k» Šinvestigation€and€that€Ms.€Harvey€was€protective€of€the€defendant.€Š T¤ ŠĢą  ąOn€cross„examination,€Detective€Dyer€testified€that€she€did€not€know€when€L.€M.ššs€abuseŠ & v Šwas€reported€but€that€it€could€have€been€one€year€before€Detective€Dyer€interviewed€L.€M.€€SheŠ  _ Šacknowledged€that€she€asked€L.€M.€to€wear€a€body€wire€and€record€a€conversation€with€theŠ ų H Šdefendant.€€She€said€that€L.€M.€agreed€to€wear€the€wire€but€that€due€to€scheduling€problems,€theyŠ į 1  Šnever€got€around€to€it.€€She€acknowledged€that€pedophiles€almost€always€collect€child€pornographyŠ Ź   Šand€that€she€never€found€child€pornography€in€the€defendantššs€possession.Š ³  ŠĢą  ąBeverly€Yoakley€Hobson,€the€defendantššs€wife,€testified€that€she€met€and€started€dating€theŠ …Õ  Šdefendant€in€September€1997.€€She€said€that€near€the€end€of€1997,€the€defendant€moved€in€with€her.€Š n¾  ŠShe€said€that€the€defendant€worked€weekdays€from€7:00€a.m.€until€6:30€p.m.€and€that€they€spentŠ W§  Šmost€weekends€together.€€She€said€that€she€worked€from€7:00€p.m.€to€7:00€a.m.€three€days€per€weekŠ @ Šand€that€she€did€not€know€what€the€defendant€did€while€she€was€working.€€She€said€she€becameŠ )y Šaware€of€the€allegations€against€the€defendant€when€a€police€officer€telephoned€her€around€LaborŠ b ŠDay€1999.€€She€said€that€the€officer€asked€where€the€defendant€had€been€on€Labor€Day€and€that€sheŠ ūK Štold€him€the€defendant€had€been€with€her.€€She€said€that€she€married€the€defendant€on€July€29,€2000,Š ä4 Šthat€she€knew€the€defendant€well,€that€they€were€close,€and€that€the€defendant€was€honest.Š Ķ ŠĢą  ąOn€cross„examination,€Mrs.€Hobson€testified€that€when€she€and€the€defendant€started€dating,Š Ÿļ Šthe€defendant€was€still€living€with€Annie€Harvey€but€that€he€did€not€live€with€Ms.€Harvey€all€theŠ ˆŲ Štime.€€She€said€that€after€the€defendant€moved€out€of€Ms.€Harveyššs€house,€the€defendant€and€Ms.Š qĮ ŠHarvey€remained€friends€but€that€she€did€not€know€if€they€remained€romantically€involved.€€SheŠ ZŖ Šacknowledged€telling€a€police€detective€in€September€1999€that€the€defendant€sometimes€spent€theŠ C“ Šnight€at€Ms.€Harveyššs€house.€€She€also€acknowledged€that€although€she€knew€the€defendant€did€notŠ ,| Šhave€access€to€the€children€during€some€of€the€alleged€abuse,€she€never€came€forward€with€thatŠ e Šinformation.€€She€said€Sheronda€McNeal€was€lying€when€Ms.€McNeal€testified€that€the€defendantŠ žN Šdropped€off€K.€H.€on€Labor€Day€1999.Š ē 7 ŠĢą  ąThe€defendant€testified€that€he€was€fifty€years€old€and€that€he€moved€in€with€Annie€HarveyŠ ¹" ! Šin€1984.€€He€said€that€in€1997,€Ms.€Harvey€moved€out€of€their€home€and€went€to€live€with€one€of€Ms.Š ¢#ņ" ŠHarveyššs€daughters€for€three€or€four€months.€€He€said€that€about€that€time,€he€met€Beverly€Yoakley.€Š ‹$Ū# ŠHe€said€that€he€moved€into€Ms.€Yoakleyššs€home€in€Columbia,€Tennessee€in€November€1997€andŠ t%Ä $ Šnever€spent€another€night€in€Nashville.€€He€said€that€after€he€moved€to€Columbia,€Ms.€Harvey€movedŠ ]&­!% Šback€into€her€house.€€He€said€that€from€the€end€of€1997€until€1999,€he€would€take€Ms.€Harvey€toŠ F'–"& Šwork€sometimes€but€that€he€never€spent€the€night€with€her.Š /(#' ŠĢą  ąThe€defendant€testified€that€he€knew€L.€M.,€K.€H.,€and€M.€H.€but€that€he€was€never€in€chargeŠ *Q%) Šof€looking€after€them.€€He€said€that€he€never€had€a€sexual€attraction€to€the€girls€and€that€he€neverŠ ź*:&* Šmolested€or€had€sex€with€them.€€Regarding€the€stateššs€witnesses,€he€said€that€it€was€š šjustŠ Ó+#'+ Šnerveracking€to€hear€this€from€all€of€these€people€coming€in,€some€of€them€I€donššt€even€know.šš€€HeŠ ° Šsaid€he€bought€L.€M.€tennis€shoes€once€because€her€old€shoes€were€worn€out.€€He€said€that€L.€M.Š ™é Šcame€to€Ms.€Harveyššs€house€sometimes€but€that€she€did€not€visit€when€he€was€the€only€personŠ ‚Ņ Špresent.€€He€said€that€L.€M.€also€spent€some€weekends€with€Ms.€Harvey€but€that€he€did€not€stay€atŠ k» ŠMs.€Harveyššs€house€when€L.€M.€was€there.€€He€said€that€at€some€point,€L.€M.€asked€to€move€in€withŠ T¤ ŠMs.€Harvey€but€that€he€did€not€want€L.€M.€living€with€them.€€He€said€L.€M.€was€disrespectful€andŠ =  Šcursed€him€because€he€would€not€let€her€out€of€the€house€late€at€night.€€He€said€there€was€never€aŠ & v Štime€when€he€and€L.€M.€were€awake€alone€at€night.Š  _ ŠĢą  ąThe€defendant€testified€that€he€never€touched€L.€M.€in€a€sexual€way€and€that€he€had€not€seenŠ į 1  Šher€since€1996.€€He€said€that€once€in€1996,€he€and€L.€M.€picked€up€Ms.€Harvey€from€work.€€He€saidŠ Ź   Šthat€did€not€happen€in€1998€or€1999€as€Ms.€Harvey€had€testified.€€He€said€that€K.€H.€and€M.€H.€alsoŠ ³  Šspent€nights€at€Ms.€Harveyššs€house€but€that€he€never€touched€them.€€He€said€that€he€learned€aboutŠ œģ  ŠK.€H.ššs€Labor€Day€allegations€when€a€detective€contacted€him€at€work€and€that€he€told€the€detectiveŠ …Õ  Šhe€had€been€with€Beverly€Yoakley€on€Labor€Day.Š n¾  ŠĢą  ąOn€cross„examination,€the€defendant€testified€that€he€did€not€know€why€the€children€hadŠ @ Šmade€up€the€sexual€abuse€allegations.€€He€said€that€everything€L.€M.€said€was€false,€that€the€sexuallyŠ )y Šexplicit€videotapes€and€box€of€sex€toys€belonged€to€Annie€Harvey,€that€he€had€never€seen€aŠ b Šphotograph€of€Ms.€Harvey€naked,€and€that€Ms.€Harvey€was€lying€when€she€testified€the€defendantŠ ūK Šwould€stay€up€at€night€alone€with€the€children.€€He€said€that€he€and€Ms.€Harvey€were€still€goodŠ ä4 Šfriends,€that€they€had€a€fourteen„year„old€daughter€together,€and€that€he€did€not€know€why€Ms.Š Ķ ŠHarvey€lied€during€her€testimony.€€He€denied€telling€a€detective€in€September€1999€that€he€wasŠ ¶ Šliving€at€three€residences,€including€Ms.€Yoakleyššs€and€Ms.€Harveyššs€homes.€€However,€heŠ Ÿļ Šacknowledged€telling€the€detective€that€he€did€not€š šplay€around€with€kids.šš€€He€said€that€after€heŠ ˆŲ Šmoved€in€with€Ms.€Yoakley,€he€did€not€tell€her€that€he€continued€to€have€contact€with€Ms.€Harvey.Š qĮ ŠĢą  ąThe€defendant€acknowledged€that€Mary€Harvey,€Annie€Harveyššs€daughter,€had€accused€himŠ C“ Šof€having€sexual€intercourse€with€her€when€she€was€a€juvenile.€€He€said,€though,€that€he€never€hadŠ ,| Šsex€with€Mary€Harvey.€€He€also€acknowledged€knowing€Sheria€Waters,€Annie€Harveyššs€niece,€andŠ e Šdenied€having€sexual€contact€with€her€when€she€was€a€juvenile.€€Finally,€he€said€that€he€had€neverŠ žN Šoffered€to€pay€Sheronda€McNeal€or€Sabrina€McNeal,€Annie€Harveyššs€nieces,€for€sex€when€they€wereŠ ē 7 Šjuveniles.Š Š!   ŠĢą  ąSteven€Morgan€Vaughn,€the€Vice€President€of€Levy€Wrecking€Company,€testified€that€theŠ ¢#ņ" Šdefendant€worked€for€him€and€that€he€had€known€the€defendant€for€about€fifteen€years.€€He€said€theŠ ‹$Ū# Šdefendant€was€a€good€employee,€was€truthful,€and€had€an€honest€reputation.€€On€cross„examination,Š t%Ä $ Šhe€said€he€did€not€know€the€defendant€was€on€trial€for€having€sexually€abused€three€girls.€€OnŠ ]&­!% Šredirect€examination,€he€said€he€had€never€asked€the€defendant€about€the€charges.Š F'–"& ŠĢą  ąOn€rebuttal,€the€state€recalled€Sheronda€McNeal,€who€testified€that€the€defendant€was€lyingŠ )h$( Šwhen€he€said€he€did€not€have€a€sexual€interest€in€children€and€that€the€defendant€was€living€at€AnnieŠ *Q%) ŠHarveyššs€house€in€1998€and€early€1999.€€Mary€Harvey,€Annie€Harveyššs€daughter€and€K.€H.ššsŠ ź*:&* Šmother,€also€testified€on€rebuttal.€€She€said€that€she€had€known€the€defendant€for€about€fifteen€yearsŠ Ó+#'+ Šand€that€when€she€was€ņņóóŌ#†¼•Ķ»XXÉ/O5#ŌŌ€XÉ/X»¼•ĶŌfourteen€or€fifteen€years€old,€she€and€the€defendant€performed€oral€sex€onŠ ° Šeach€other€about€four€times€and€had€sexual€intercourse.€€She€said€the€defendant€also€tookŠ ™é Šphotographs€of€her€naked€with€an€instant€camera.€€She€said€the€defendant€told€her€that€if€she€told€herŠ ‚Ņ Šmother,€her€mother€would€not€believe€her.€€Š k» ŠĢą  ąOn€cross„examination,€Ms.€Harvey€testified€that€she€told€her€mother€about€having€sex€withŠ =  Šthe€defendant€and€that€her€mother€was€mad€and€took€her€to€a€doctor.€€She€acknowledged€that€theŠ & v Šdoctor€examined€her€and€that€he€concluded€she€had€not€had€sexual€intercourse.€€She€said€that€theŠ  _ Šdoctor€was€right€and€that€she€had€lied€to€her€mother€about€the€defendant€sexually€abusing€her.€€SheŠ ų H Šsaid,€though,€that€after€she€saw€the€doctor,€she€and€the€defendant€began€having€sex.€€SheŠ į 1  Šacknowledged€meeting€with€the€defendantššs€attorney€one€year€before€trial€and€three€months€beforeŠ Ź   Štrial€and€telling€him€both€times€that€she€and€the€defendant€never€had€sex.€€She€said€she€lied€to€theŠ ³  Šattorney€because€she€did€not€want€to€talk€about€having€sex€with€the€defendant€and€because€she€hadŠ œģ  Šthought€she€had€done€something€wrong.€€She€acknowledged€that€she€loved€K.€H.€and€said€that€sheŠ …Õ  Šhad€to€give€up€custody€of€her€daughter€in€1995.€€She€said€that€although€Annie€Harvey€had€temporaryŠ n¾  Šcustody€of€K.€H.,€K.€H.€continued€to€live€with€her.€€She€said€K.€H.€only€went€to€Annie€HarveyššsŠ W§  Šhouse€when€Annie€Harvey€was€supposed€to€be€there.€€Š @ ŠĢą  ąThe€defendant€had€been€charged€with€six€counts€of€child€rape€against€L.€M.,€two€counts€ofŠ b Šaggravated€sexual€battery€against€L.€M.,€three€counts€of€child€rape€against€K.€H.,€and€two€counts€ofŠ ūK Šaggravated€sexual€battery€against€M.€H.€€The€jury€found€him€guilty€of€the€lesser€included€offenseŠ ä4 Šof€aggravated€sexual€battery€regarding€two€child€rapes€against€L.€M.€€Those€two€child€rape€chargesŠ Ķ Šrespectively€alleged€that€the€defendant€had€penetrated€L.€M.ššs€labia€with€his€foot€and€that€he€hadŠ ¶ Špenetrated€her€vagina€with€his€fingers€between€July€1,€1995,€and€July€1,€1999.€€The€jury€acquittedŠ Ÿļ Šthe€defendant€of€the€remaining€charges.Š ˆŲ ŠĢÓ  Óņ ņI.€€SUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€EVIDENCEŠ ZŖ ŠĢÓ  Óó óą  ąThe€defendant€claims€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€his€convictions€because€L.Š .~ ŠM.ššs,€K.€H.ššs,€and€M.€H.ššs€testimony€was€incredible€and€because€K.€H.ššs€and€M.€H.ššs€testimonyŠ g Šcontradicted€L.€M.ššs€testimony.€€In€addition,€he€argues€that€L.€M.ššs€testimony€was€š šmore€thanŠ  P Šsuspectšš€because€she€voluntarily€stayed€at€Annie€Harveyššs€house€for€years€despite€the€fact€that€theŠ é 9 Šdefendant€sexually€abused€her€during€every€visit€and€because€she€š šdescribed€a€man€of€extraordinaryŠ Ņ!"  Šsexual€ability.šš€€The€state€claims€the€evidence€is€sufficient.€€We€agree€with€the€state.Š »" ! ŠĢą  ąOur€standard€of€review€when€the€defendant€questions€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€onŠ $Ż# Šappeal€is€š šwhether,€after€viewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€prosecution,€ņņanyóóŠ v%Ę $ Šrational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonableŠ _&Æ!% Šdoubt.šš€€ņņJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319,€99€S.€Ct.€2781,€2789€(1979).€€We€do€not€reweighŠ H'˜"& Šthe€evidence€but€presume€that€the€jury€has€resolved€all€conflicts€in€the€testimony€and€drawn€allŠ 1(#' Šreasonable€inferences€from€the€evidence€in€favor€of€the€state.€€ņņSeeóó€ņņState€v.€Sheffieldóó,€676€S.W.2dŠ )j$( Š542,€547€(Tenn.€1984);€ņņState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€€Questions€aboutŠ *S%) Šwitness€credibility€were€resolved€by€the€jury.€€ņņSeeóó€ņņState€v.€Blandóó,€958€S.W.2d€651,€659€(Tenn.Š ģ*<&* Š1997).Š Õ+%'+ Їą  ąThe€jury€found€the€defendant€guilty€of€the€lesser€included€offense€of€aggravated€sexualŠ ° Šbattery€as€to€counts€five€and€six,€child€rape€against€L.€M.€€The€elements€of€aggravated€sexual€batteryŠ ™é Šrelevant€to€this€case€are€unlawful€sexual€contact€with€a€victim€less€than€thirteen€years€of€age.€€T.C.A.Š ‚Ņ Ššš€39„13-504(a)(4).€€š šSexual€contactšš€is€defined€as€the€š šintentional€touching€of€the€victimššs€.€.€.Š k» Šintimate€parts€if€that€intentional€touching€can€be€reasonably€construed€as€being€for€the€purpose€ofŠ T¤ Šsexual€arousal€or€gratification.šš€€T.C.A.€šš€39-13-501(6).€€In€the€stateššs€election€of€offenses,€countŠ =  Šfive€specified€that€the€defendant€penetrated€L.€M.ššs€labia€with€his€foot,€and€count€six€specified€thatŠ & v Šthe€defendant€penetrated€her€vagina€with€his€fingers.€€Š  _ ŠĢą  ąViewed€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€state,€the€evidence€is€sufficient€to€support€theŠ į 1  Šconvictions.€€L.€M.€testified€that€when€she€was€about€nine€years€old,€the€defendant€penetrated€herŠ Ź   Šlabia€with€his€toe€twice€and€that€he€inserted€his€fingers€into€her€vagina€once.€€Given€that€the€juryŠ ³  Šacquitted€the€defendant€of€eleven€counts€and€found€him€guilty€of€only€the€lesser€included€offenseŠ œģ  Šof€aggravated€sexual€battery€regarding€two€child€rape€counts,€the€jury€obviously€discredited€someŠ …Õ  Šof€the€witnessesšš€testimony.€€However,€the€jury€chose€to€believe€L.€M.ššs€testimony€that€the€defendantŠ n¾  Šused€his€toe€and€fingers€to€commit€the€lesser€included€offense€of€aggravated€sexual€battery.€€As€forŠ W§  Šthe€inconsistencies€in€the€witnessesšš€testimony,€the€credibility€and€weight€to€be€given€to€a€witnessššsŠ @ Štestimony€are€issues€to€be€resolved€by€the€trier€of€fact,€not€this€court.€€ņņSeeóó€ņņState€v.€Pappasóó,€754Š )y ŠS.W.2d€620,€623€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).€€The€evidence€is€sufficient€to€support€the€convictions.Š b ŠĢņ ņÓ  ÓII.€€CROSS„EXAMINATIONó ó€ņ ņABOUT€DEFENDANTššS€PRIOR€BAD€ACTSŠ ä4 ŠĢÓ  Óą  ąó óThe€defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€allowing€the€state€to€impeach€him€withŠ ŗ  Šprior€bad€acts.€€He€argues€that€the€trial€court€had€properly€ruled€that€the€prior€bad€act€evidence€wasŠ £ó Šinadmissible€under€Rule€404(b),€Tenn.€R.€Evid.,€and€that€he€did€not€open€the€door€to€the€cross„Š ŒÜ Šexamination.€€The€state€claims€the€defendant€has€waived€the€issue.€€In€addition,€it€argues€that€theŠ uÅ Šdefendant€opened€the€door€to€impeachment€during€his€direct€testimony.€€€We€conclude€that€theŠ ^® Šdefense€opened€the€door€to€impeachment.€€Moreover,€we€hold€that€the€defendant€waived€this€issueŠ G— Šbecause€he€failed€to€object€when€the€stateššs€cross„examination€questions€went€beyond€what€the€trialŠ 0€ Šcourt€had€ruled€were€permissible.€Š i ŠĢą  ąBefore€trial,€the€state€filed€a€notice€of€its€intent€to€impeach€the€defendantššs€testimony€withŠ ė ; Ševidence€that€he€solicited€Sheronda€and€Sabrina€McNeal,€Annie€Harveyššs€nieces,€for€sex€when€theyŠ Ō!$  Šwere€juveniles€and€that€he€sexually€assaulted€Mary€Harvey,€Annie€Harveyššs€daughter,€when€she€wasŠ ½" ! Ša€juvenile.€€Before€the€state€rested€its€case,€it€requested€a€jury€out€hearing€in€order€for€the€trial€courtŠ ¦#ö" Što€determine€whether€the€prior€bad€act€evidence€was€admissible€in€its€case€in€chief€pursuant€to€RuleŠ $ß# Š404(b),€Tenn.€R.€Evid.Š x%Č $ ŠĢą  ąDuring€the€hearing,€twenty„eight„year„old€Mary€Harvey€testified€that€she€had€known€theŠ J'š"& Šdefendant€for€about€fifteen€years€and€that€she€and€the€defendant€had€sexual€intercourse€andŠ 3(ƒ#' Šperformed€oral€sex€on€each€other€when€she€was€fourteen€or€fifteen€years€old.€€Eighteen„year„oldŠ )l$( ŠSabrina€McNeal€testified€that€the€defendant€offered€to€pay€her€three€hundred€dollars€in€exchange€forŠ *U%) Šsexual€intercourse€when€she€was€thirteen€years€old€but€that€she€refused.€€Sheronda€McNeal€testifiedŠ ī*>&* Šthat€the€defendant€offered€to€pay€her€fifty€dollars€in€exchange€for€sex€when€she€was€fourteen.€Š ×+''+ ŠFinally,€twenty„year„old€Sheria€Waters,€Annie€Harveyššs€niece,€testified€that€the€defendant€rubbedŠ ° Šhis€feet€against€her€genitals€while€her€clothes€were€off€when€she€was€ten€or€eleven€years€old.€€SheŠ ™é Šalso€said€that€at€some€point€after€that,€the€defendant€drew€a€sexually€explicit€picture,€showed€it€toŠ ‚Ņ Šher,€and€asked€her€to€have€sex€with€him.€€The€trial€court€ruled€that€the€proposed€testimony€wasŠ k» Šinadmissible€propensity€evidence.€€ņņSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€404(b)(3)€(2002).€€€Š T¤ Šą  ąĢą  ąThe€state€then€rested€its€case,€and€the€defense€began€presenting€its€case€in€chief.€€After€theŠ & v Šdefendantššs€direct€testimony,€the€state€requested€that€it€be€allowed€to€cross„examine€the€defendantŠ  _ Šabout€his€prior€bad€acts€with€Mary€Harvey,€Sabrina€McNeal,€Sheronda€McNeal,€and€Sheria€WatersŠ ų H Šor€that€it€be€allowed€to€present€their€testimony€on€rebuttal.€€The€state€argued€that€the€defendantššsŠ į 1  Šwife€and€the€defendant€had€opened€the€door€to€the€prior€bad€act€evidence€by€testifying€on€directŠ Ź   Šexamination€that€the€defendant€was€not€the€type€of€person€who€would€engage€in€that€type€of€sexualŠ ³  Šbehavior€and€that€he€did€not€have€a€sexual€attraction€to€L.€M.,€K.€H.,€and€M.€H.€€The€defense€arguedŠ œģ  Šthat€it€had€carefully€questioned€the€defendant€about€his€sexual€attraction€only€as€to€the€three€victimsŠ …Õ  Šin€this€case€and€that€it€had€not€opened€the€door€to€impeachment.€€Š n¾  ŠĢą  ąThe€trial€court€agreed€with€the€state€and€held€that€the€defendant€had€opened€the€door€toŠ @ Šimpeachment€by€his€testifying€on€direct€examination€that€he€was€not€attracted€to€young€girls.€€TheŠ )y Štrial€court€ruled€that€the€state€could€conduct€limited€cross„examination€as€to€the€defendantššs€š štotalŠ b Šdisavowal€of€any€attraction€towards€young€people€and€his€reported€inclination€towards€only€adultŠ ūK Šfemales.šš€€€However,€the€trial€court€stated€that€the€state€could€not€š šget€into€the€specifics€of€otherŠ ä4 Šfacts€that€have€not€been€admitted€yet.šš€€Moreover,€it€stated€that€it€would€determine€after€theŠ Ķ Šdefendantššs€cross„examination€whether€the€four€witnesses€could€testify€in€the€stateššs€rebuttal€case.€Š ¶ ŠAt€the€end€of€the€hearing,€the€following€exchange€occurred:Š Ÿļ ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ąą ø ąTHE€COURT:€But€with€just€a€word€to€the€wise,€I€think€youŠ qĮ Šcan€cross„examine€him,€generally,€about€this€denial€of€any€attractionŠ ZŖ Štowards€anyone,€which€is€what€weššre€here€about.€.€.€.€ŠC“` x` x ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ąą ø ąBut€did€you,€I€believe,€understand€what€Iššm€trying€to€say€asŠ e Što€this€point€on€the€cross„examination?ŠžN` x` x ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ąą ø ą[Defense€attorney]:€Judge,€if€I€feel€like€the€question€hasŠ Š!   Šcrossed€the€line,€I€intend€to€object.€€And€Iššd€appreciate€not€having€aŠ ¹" ! Šdiscussion€in€front€of€the€Jury€about€the€nature€of€the€objection€andŠ ¢#ņ" Šwe€all€understand€„„ą0h` x` xąŠ‹$Ū#hxhx ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ąą ø ąTHE€COURT:€You€wonššt€have.€€I€understand€what€this€is€allŠ ]&­!% Šabout.ŠF'–"&` x` x ŠĢą  ąOn€cross„examination,€the€state€asked€the€defendant€if€he€had€ever€engaged€in€sexualŠ )h$( Šrelations€with€Mary€Harvey,€and€the€defendant€said€no.€€The€state€also€asked€if€the€defendant€hadŠ *Q%) Šā āhad€sexual€contact€with€Sheria€Waters,€and€the€defendant€said€no.€€Finally,€the€state€asked€if€theŠ ź*:&* Šdefendant€had€ever€propositioned€Sheronda€or€Sabrina€McNeal€for€sex,€and€the€defendant€again€saidŠ ° Šno.€€The€defense€did€not€object€to€these€questions.Š ™é Šā āĢą  ąThe€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€ruling€that€he€opened€the€door€toŠ k» Šimpeachment.€€Initially,€we€note€that€the€state€claims€the€defendant€waived€this€issue€because€heŠ T¤ Šfailed€to€š š[make]€known€to€the€trial€court€any€disagreementšš€with€the€trial€courtššs€evidentiary€ruling.€Š =  ŠHowever,€the€record€reflects€that€the€defense€argued€to€the€trial€court€that€it€had€carefully€questionedŠ & v Šthe€defendant€about€his€attraction€to€the€three€victims€in€this€case€and€that€the€defendant€had€notŠ  _ Šopened€the€door€to€impeachment.€€Obviously,€the€defense€disagreed€with€the€trial€courtššs€ruling€thatŠ ų H Šthe€state€could€impeach€the€defendantššs€testimony,€and€we€believe€the€defendantššs€failing€to€stateŠ į 1  Šthat€he€disagreed€with€the€trial€courtššs€ruling€did€not€waive€this€issue.€€Therefore,€our€inquiry€willŠ Ź   Šnow€focus€on€whether€the€trial€court€properly€ruled€that€the€defendant€opened€the€door€to€cross„Š ³  Šexamination€about€prior€acts€with€Mary€Harvey,€Sheronda€McNeal,€Sabrina€McNeal,€and€SheriaŠ œģ  ŠWaters.€Š …Õ  ŠĢą  ąWe€have€reviewed€the€defendantššs€and€Beverly€Hobsonššs€testimony€and€have€found€no€pointŠ W§  Šat€which€either€of€them€stated€that€the€defendant€did€not€have€a€sexual€attraction€to€young€females.€Š @ ŠBeverly€Hobson€testified€that€she€thought€the€defendant€was€honest€and€that€she€believed€him€whenŠ )y Šhe€told€her€that€he€did€not€abuse€the€three€victims€in€this€case.€€The€defendant€testified€that€he€didŠ b Šnot€have€a€sexual€attraction€to€L.€M.,€K.€H.,€or€M.€H.,€but€he€never€stated€that€he€did€not€have€aŠ ūK Šsexual€attraction€to€juvenile€females.€€Thus,€the€trial€court€was€mistaken€when€it€held€that€theŠ ä4 Šdefendantššs€š štotal€disavowal€of€any€attraction€towards€young€people€and€his€reported€inclinationŠ Ķ Štowards€only€adult€femalesšš€opened€the€door€to€cross„examination€about€his€prior€bad€acts€with€theŠ ¶ Šfour€witnesses.€Š Ÿļ ŠĢą  ąThe€state€argues€that€even€if€the€trial€court€improperly€ruled€the€defendant€had€opened€theŠ qĮ Šdoor€to€impeachment€by€stating€he€did€not€have€an€attraction€to€young€females,€the€defense€stillŠ ZŖ Šopened€the€door€at€other€points€during€the€trial.€€The€state€argues€that€the€defendant€opened€the€doorŠ C“ Što€impeachment€by€questioning€Detective€Kristin€Dyer€about€the€fact€that€no€evidence€of€pedophiliaŠ ,| Šwas€found€in€Annie€Harveyššs€home.€€In€addition,€the€state€claims€that€the€defendant€opened€the€doorŠ e Što€impeachment€when€he€acknowledged€on€cross„examination€that€he€had€told€a€detective,€š šI€donšštŠ žN Šplay€around€with€kids.ššŠ ē 7 ŠĢą  ąAs€to€the€stateššs€claim€that€the€defendant€opened€the€door€to€impeachment€by€acknowledgingŠ ¹" ! Šthat€he€told€a€detective€he€did€not€play€around€with€children,€this€court€has€stated€that€š šthe€StateŠ ¢#ņ" Šcannot€ask€a€witness€an€irrelevant€but€prejudicial€question,€and€then,€under€the€theory€ofŠ ‹$Ū# Šimpeachment,€predicate€a€second€irrelevant€and€prejudicial€question€upon€defendantššs€response€toŠ t%Ä $ Šthe€question.šš€€ņņHatchett€v.€Stateóó,€552€S.W.2d€414,€415€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1977).€€We€believe€thatŠ ]&­!% Šthe€state€asked€the€question€with€the€pretense€of€later€impeaching€the€defendant€with€prior€bad€actsŠ F'–"& Šinvolving€Mary€Harvey,€Sheronda€McNeal,€Sabrina€McNeal,€and€Sheria€Waters.€€Therefore,€theŠ /(#' Šstate€cannot€now€claim€that€the€defendant€opened€the€door€to€impeachment.Š )h$( ŠĢą  ąRegarding€the€defenseššs€questioning€of€Kristin€Dyer,€the€defense€asked€Detective€Dyer€ifŠ ź*:&* Špedophiles€usually€collected€child€pornography,€and€she€said€yes.€€The€defense€then€asked€her€if€sheŠ Ó+#'+ Šfound€any€child€pornography€in€the€defendantššs€possession,€and€she€said€no.€€Obviously,€the€defenseŠ ° Šasked€these€questions€in€order€to€show€that€the€defendant€was€not€a€pedophile.€€We€believe€this€lineŠ ™é Šof€questioning€opened€the€door€to€the€issue€of€the€defendantššs€character,€i.e.,€his€sexual€attractionŠ ‚Ņ Što€children.€€ņņSee,€e.g.óó,€ņņState€v.€Raymond€Writeróó,€No.€E2001-01062-CCA-R3-CD,€Sullivan€CountyŠ k» Š(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€June€10,€2003),€ņņapp.€deniedóó€(Tenn.€Oct.€27,€2003)€(holding€that€a€defenseŠ T¤ Šwitnessššs€stating€during€direct€examination€that€the€defendant€had€never€shown€signs€of€being€a€childŠ =  Šmolester€š šopened€the€door€to€the€issue€of€a€pertinent€character€trait,€namely€the€defendantššsŠ & v Špropensity€for€molesting€childrenšš).€Š  _ ŠĢą  ąWe€note,€though,€that€once€the€defense€opened€the€door,€the€state€chose€to€cross„examine€theŠ į 1  Šdefendant,€rather€than€the€detective,€about€specific€acts.€€Rule€405,€Tenn.€R.€Evid.,€provides€thatŠ Ź   Šcharacter€witnesses€may€be€cross„examined€about€a€defendantššs€specific€instances€of€conduct.€€Thus,Š ³  Šaccording€to€Rule€405,€the€state€should€have€cross„examined€Detective€Dyer€about€the€defendantššsŠ œģ  Šprior€acts€with€the€four€witnesses.€€On€the€other€hand,€case€law€demonstrates€that€cross„examiningŠ …Õ  Ša€defendant€about€specific€instances€of€conduct€when€a€witness€opens€the€door€to€character€evidenceŠ n¾  Šalso€has€been€allowed.€€ņņSeeóó€ņņState€v.€Pattonóó,€593€S.W.2d€913€(Tenn.€1979)€(noting€that€aŠ W§  Špsychiatristššs€testimony€opened€the€door€to€the€stateššs€being€able€to€cross„examine€the€defendantŠ @ Šabout€specific€instances€of€conduct);€ņņState€v.€Nicholsóó,€877€S.W.2d€722€(Tenn.€1994)€(holding€thatŠ )y Šthe€state€could€cross„examine€the€defendant€about€a€prior€bad€act€in€order€to€rebut€the€defenseŠ b Šwitnessesšš€testimony€about€the€defendantššs€docile€nature);€ņņsee€generallyóó€ņņState€v.€Harold€Tolleyóó,€No.Š ūK Š03C01-9811-CR-00386,€Unicoi€County€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€Jan€14,€2000),€ņņapp.€deniedóó€(Tenn.€Sept.Š ä4 Š5,€2000)€(holding€that€because€the€defendant€opened€the€door€to€his€character€for€peacefulnessŠ Ķ Šduring€his€cross„examination€of€a€state€witness,€the€state€could€cross„examine€the€defendant€aboutŠ ¶ Ša€specific€bad€act).Š Ÿļ ŠĢą  ąIn€any€event,€regardless€of€whether€the€stateššs€cross„examining€the€defendant€rather€thanŠ qĮ ŠDetective€Dyer€was€proper,€the€defendant€cannot€prevail€in€his€claim.€€In€its€ruling,€the€trial€courtŠ ZŖ Šheld€that€the€defense€had€not€yet€opened€the€door€to€specific€acts€and€that€the€state€could€conductŠ C“ Šonly€a€limited€cross„examination€of€the€defendantššs€š štotal€disavowal€of€any€attraction€towards€youngŠ ,| Špeople.šš€€The€court€asked€the€defense€if€it€understood€this€ruling,€and€the€defense€stated€that€it€did.€Š e ŠMoreover,€the€defense€told€the€trial€court€that€it€would€object€if€the€state€asked€the€defendant€anyŠ žN Šimproper€questions.€€During€the€stateššs€cross„examination€of€the€defendant,€the€defense€did€notŠ ē 7 Šobject€when€the€state€asked€him€about€engaging€in€sexual€conduct€with€Mary€Harvey€and€SheriaŠ Š!   ŠWaters€or€propositioning€Sheronda€and€Sabrina€McNeal.€€The€failure€to€object€contemporaneouslyŠ ¹" ! Šconstitutes€a€waiver€of€the€issue€pursuant€to€Rule€36(a),€T.R.A.P.€Š ¢#ņ" Šą  ąĢÓ  Óą @ ąņ ņIII.€€REBUTTAL€WITNESSESó óŠ t%Ä $ ŠĢÓJ¼Óą  ąThe€defendant€claims€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€allowing€Mary€Harvey€and€SherondaŠ G'—"& ŠMcNeal€to€testify€on€rebuttal.€€He€argues€that€their€testimony€was€inadmissible€under€Rule€404(b),Š 0(€#' ŠTenn.€R.€Evid.,€because€the€trial€court€had€ruled€earlier€that€the€prejudicial€effect€of€the€evidenceŠ )i$( Šoutweighed€its€probative€value.€€In€addition,€he€argues€that€their€testimony€was€inadmissibleŠ *R%) Špursuant€to€Rule€608(b),€Tenn.€R.€Evid.,€because€Rule€608(b)€prohibits€the€use€of€extrinsic€evidenceŠ ė*;&* Što€show€a€defendantššs€character.€€The€state€claims€that€the€trial€court€properly€allowed€the€witnessesŠ Ō+$'+ Što€testify.€€We€conclude€that€the€trial€court€committed€reversible€error€by€allowing€Ms.€Harvey€andŠ ° ŠMs.€McNeal€to€testify.Š ™é Šą  ą€Š ‚Ņ Šą  ąAfter€the€defense€rested€its€case€in€chief,€the€state€argued€that€the€defendant€had€opened€theŠ k» Šdoor€to€the€four€womenššs€testimony.€€The€trial€court€ruled€that€pursuant€to€Rules€404€and€405,€Tenn.Š T¤ ŠR.€Evid.,€some€of€the€witnesses€could€testify€in€the€stateššs€rebuttal€case.€€The€trial€court€determinedŠ =  Šthat€the€defendant€had€opened€the€door€to€the€evidence€when€he€testified€that€he€did€not€have€anŠ & v Šattraction€to€young€people€and€that€L.€M.,€K.€H.,€and€M.€H.€were€lying.€€The€trial€court€also€held€thatŠ  _ ŠSteven€Morgan€Vaughnššs€testimony€about€the€defendant€being€honest€and€truthful€also€opened€theŠ ų H Šdoor€to€the€rebuttal€evidence.€€The€trial€court€stated,Š į 1  ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ąI€believe€that€in€terms€of€the€608€analysis€that€the€defendant€wasŠ ³  Šasked€about€behavior€yesterday€when€he€was€on€the€witness€stand.€Š œģ  ŠHe€denied€the€behavior.€€And€.€.€.€I€donššt€believe€that€that€particularŠ …Õ  Šrule€would€provide€the€state€an€opportunity,€now,€to€bring€in€extrinsicŠ n¾  Ševidence€on€those€questions€that€were€asked€the€defendant.ŠW§ ` x` x ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ą.€.€.€.Š)y` x` x ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ąą ø ąSo€I€think€the€defendant,€by€introducing€evidence€through€hisŠ ūK Šemployer,€Mr.€Vaughn,€of€the€defendantššs€reputation€for€truthfulness,Š ä4 Šwhich€it€is€primarily€what€it€went€to,€goes€to€the€credibility€of€thisŠ Ķ Šdefendant.€€And€the€defendantššs€testimony,€himself,€that€is€veryŠ ¶ Šadamantly€denying€any€inclination€towards€any€sexual€activity€withŠ Ÿļ Šchildren€goes€to€the€issue€of€credibility,€which€is€the€main€issue€inŠ ˆŲ Šthis€trial.ŠqĮ` x` x ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ąą ø ąAnd€so€the€Court€is€of€the€opinion€that€this€opens€the€door€toŠ C“ Šthe€state€to€introduce€the€witnesses€having€to€do€with€this€credibilityŠ ,| Šquestion.€.€.€.€[Under]€404(a)€and€405€that€„„€that€some€limitedŠ e Štestimony€could€be€allowed€to€„„€to€counter€that€issue€of€truthfulness.ŠžN` x` x ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ąą ø ąI€will€give€the€Jury€a€limiting€instruction€about€the€only€wayŠ Š!   Šthey€can€consider€this.€€I€will€tell€the€jury€that€they€cannot€considerŠ ¹" ! Šthis€testimony€as€to€the€defendantššs€guilt€in€this€particular€case€.€.€.Š ¢#ņ" Šbut€only€as€to€his€credibility€as€a€witness.Š‹$Ū#` x` x ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ą.€.€.€.Š]&­!%` x` x ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ąą ø ąSo€what€Iššm€saying,€the€best€way€I€know€how€to€say€it,€is€thatŠ /(#' ŠI€do€think€that€some€of€this€as€to€credibility,€after€balancing€it,€hasŠ )h$( Šprobative€value€that€outweighs€the€prejudice,€where€truthfulness,Š *Q%) Šcredibility€is€the€central€issue.€€So€Iššm€going€to€ask€„„€Iššm€going€toŠ ź*:&* Šinstruct€the€state€to€call€a€witness€or€two€on€that€subject€.€.€.€.ŠÓ+#'+` x` x ЇThe€trial€court€ruled€that€Mary€Harvey€could€testify€about€the€sexual€relationship€she€had€with€theŠ ° Šdefendant€when€she€was€a€juvenile.€€The€state€then€asked€the€trial€court€if€Sheronda€McNeal€alsoŠ ™é Šcould€testify.€€The€state€told€the€trial€court€that€it€would€question€Ms.€McNeal€only€as€to€her€opinionŠ ‚Ņ Šabout€the€defendantššs€š šcharacter€for€truthfulness,€as€it€relates€to€the€issue€of€denying€sexual€interestŠ k» Šin€children.šš€€The€trial€court€agreed€and€ruled€that€Ms.€McNeal€could€give€her€opinion.€€In€the€stateššsŠ T¤ Šrebuttal€proof,€Sheronda€McNeal€testified€that€she€had€known€the€defendant€for€a€long€time€and€thatŠ =  Šin€her€opinion,€the€defendant€was€not€truthful€when€he€testified€that€he€did€not€have€a€sexual€interestŠ & v Šin€children.€€Mary€Harvey€then€testified€that€she€and€the€defendant€had€sexual€intercourse€andŠ  _ Šperformed€oral€sex€on€each€other€when€she€was€a€juvenile.€€Before€their€testimony,€the€trial€courtŠ ų H Šhad€instructed€the€jury€that€it€could€only€consider€the€evidence€for€the€purpose€of€determining€theŠ į 1  Šdefendantššs€credibility.Š Ź   ŠĢą  ąInitially,€we€note€that€the€trial€court€stated€it€was€admitting€Mary€Harveyššs€rebuttal€testimonyŠ œģ  Špursuant€to€Rules€404(a)€and€405.€€However,€while€character€witnesses€may€be€cross„examinedŠ …Õ  Šabout€specific€acts€under€these€rules,€š šextrinsic€evidence€of€specific€acts€is€barred.šš€€Neil€P.€CohenŠ n¾  Šet€al.,€ņņTennessee€Law€of€Evidenceóó,€šš€4.05[4][e],€at€108€(4th€ed.€2000).€€Thus,€we€conclude€that€theŠ W§  Štrial€court€erred€by€allowing€Mary€Harvey€to€testify€in€the€stateššs€rebuttal€case€about€her€sexualŠ @ Šrelationship€with€the€defendant.Š )y ŠĢą  ą€We€also€conclude€that€Sheronda€McNealššs€testimony€was€inadmissible.€€The€trial€court€hadŠ ūK Šruled€that€Ms.€McNeal€could€testify€on€rebuttal€about€the€defendantššs€š šcharacter€for€truthfulness,€asŠ ä4 Šit€relates€to€the€issue€of€denying€sexual€interest€in€children.šš€€However,€as€we€stated€previously,€theŠ Ķ Šdefendant€denied€being€sexually€attracted€to€L.€M.,€K.€H.,€and€M.€H.,€but€he€never€said€that€he€didŠ ¶ Šnot€have€a€sexual€interest€in€children.€€Thus,€the€trial€court€was€mistaken€when€it€held€that€theŠ Ÿļ Šdefendantššs€denial€of€a€sexual€interest€in€children€opened€the€door€to€character€evidence.€€In€anyŠ ˆŲ Ševent,€even€if€he€had€made€such€a€statement,€Ms.€McNealššs€testimony€went€outside€the€purview€ofŠ qĮ Šadmissible€opinion€testimony.€€Pursuant€to€Rule€404(a)(1),€once€the€defendant€takes€the€stand€andŠ ZŖ Šopens€the€door€to€his€character,€as€the€defendant€did€in€this€case,€the€prosecution€can€attack€hisŠ C“ Šcharacter€for€truthfulness.€€ņņSee€alsoóó€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€404(a)(3),€608(a);€Neil€P.€Cohen€et€al.,€ņņTennesseeŠ ,| ŠLaw€of€Evidenceó󀚚€4.04[4][c],€at€70€(4th€ed.€2000).€€However,€Ms.€McNealššs€rebuttal€testimony€didŠ e Šnot€relate€to€the€defendantššs€character€for€truthfulness.€€Instead,€she€merely€stated€that€the€defendantŠ žN Šlied€during€his€testimony.€€ņņSeeóó€ņņState€v.€Edward€H.€Jonesóó,€No.€03C01-9301-CR-00024,€Knox€CountyŠ ē 7 Š(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€Sept.€15,€1994)€(holding€that€because€expertššs€testimony€related€to€witnessššsŠ Š!   Štruthfulness€on€a€particular€occasion€instead€of€the€witnessšš€character€for€truthfulness€pursuant€toŠ ¹" ! ŠRule€608,€Tenn.€R.€Evid.,€the€evidence€was€inadmissible).€€ņņóóThe€weight€and€credibility€of€a€witnessššŠ ¢#ņ" Štestimony€are€matters€entrusted€exclusively€to€the€jury€as€the€trier€of€fact.€€ņņState€v.€Sheffieldóó,€676Š ‹$Ū# ŠS.W.2d€542,€547€(Tenn.€1984).Š t%Ä $ ŠĢą  ąIn€conclusion,€we€hold€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€allowing€Ms.€Harvey€and€Ms.€McNealŠ F'–"& Što€testify€on€rebuttal.€€Moreover,€given€the€nature€of€their€testimony,€we€conclude€that€the€error€moreŠ /(#' Šprobably€than€not€affected€the€judgments€to€the€defendantššs€prejudice.€T.R.A.P.€36(b).€€Thus,€theŠ )h$( Šdefendantššs€convictions€are€reversed€and€the€case€is€remanded€for€a€new€trial.Š *Q%) ŠĢÓ  Óņ ņIV.€€CLOSING€ARGUMENTŠ Ó+#'+ ЇÓ  Óą  ąó óThe€defendant€claims€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€refusing€to€give€a€curative€instruction€afterŠ ° Šthe€prosecutor€improperly€instructed€the€jury€on€š šreasonable€doubtšš€during€closing€argument€andŠ ™é Šshifted€the€burden€of€proof€to€the€defense.€€The€state€argues€that€although€the€prosecutor€may€haveŠ ‚Ņ Šmisspoken€during€closing€argument,€the€defendant€has€failed€to€show€that€he€was€prejudiced€by€theŠ k» Šprosecutorššs€statements€and€that,€in€any€event,€the€trial€court€properly€instructed€the€jury€as€to€theŠ T¤ Šburden€of€proof.€€We€conclude€that€the€defendant€is€not€entitled€to€relief€on€this€issue.€Š =  ŠĢą  ąThe€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€has€recognized€that€š šargument€of€counsel€is€a€valuableŠ  _ Šprivilege€that€should€not€be€unduly€restricted.šš€€ņņSmith€v.€Stateóó,€527€S.W.2d€737,€739€(Tenn.€1975).€Š ų H ŠAttorneys€have€great€leeway€in€arguing€before€a€jury,€and€the€trial€courtššs€broad€discretion€inŠ į 1  Šcontrolling€their€arguments€will€be€reversed€only€upon€an€abuse€of€discretion.€€ņņTerry€v.€Stateóó,€46Š Ź   ŠS.W.3d€147,€156€(Tenn.€2001).€€However,€closing€argument€must€be€š štemperate,€must€be€predicatedŠ ³  Šon€evidence€introduced€during€the€trial€of€the€case€and€must€be€pertinent€to€the€issues€being€tried.šš€Š œģ  ŠņņRussell€v.€Stateóó,€532€S.W.2d€268,€271€(Tenn.€1976).€€Prosecutorial€misconduct€does€not€constituteŠ …Õ  Šreversible€error€unless€the€outcome€was€affected€to€the€defendantššs€prejudice.€€ņņState€v.€Baneóó,€57Š n¾  ŠS.W.3d€411,€425€(Tenn.€2001).€€In€ņņJudge€v.€Stateóó,€539€S.W.2d€340,€344€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1976),Š W§  Šthis€court€set€out€the€following€considerations€for€determining€whether€the€stateššs€conduct€couldŠ @ Šhave€improperly€prejudiced€the€defendant€and€affected€the€verdict:€Š )y ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ą1.€€The€conduct€complained€of€viewed€in€context€and€in€light€of€theŠ ūK Šfacts€and€circumstances€of€the€case.Šä4` x` x ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ą2.€€The€curative€measures€undertaken€by€the€court€and€theŠ ¶ Šprosecution.ŠŸļ` x` x ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ą3.€€The€intent€of€the€prosecutor€in€making€the€improper€statement.ŠqĮ` x` x ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ą4.€€The€cumulative€effect€of€the€improper€conduct€and€any€otherŠ C“ Šerrors€in€the€record.Š,|` x` x ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ą5.€€The€relative€strength€or€weakness€of€the€case.ŠžN` x` x ŠĢņņSee€alsoóó€ņņState€v.€Buckóó,€670€S.W.2d€600,€609€(Tenn.€1984)€(approving€these€factors€in€determiningŠ Š!   Šif€the€misconduct€resulted€in€reversible€error).Š ¹" ! ŠĢą  ąDuring€his€closing€statement,€the€prosecutor€said€the€following:Š ‹$Ū# ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ąą ø ąThe€Court€will€instruct€you€that€a€reasonable€doubt€is€a€doubtŠ ]&­!% Šbased€on€reason€and€common€sense.€€It€is€something€that€when€youŠ F'–"& Šgo€home€at€night€and€feel€comfortable€in€your€hearts€deciding€thatŠ /(#' ŠMr.€Hobson€did€these€things,€you€know€in€your€hearts,€after€listeningŠ )h$( Što€those€four€people€tell€about€what€happened€to€them€at€his€hands,Š *Q%) Šthat€this€man€committed€these€offenses.€Šź*:&*` x` x ŠŠ Ó+#'+ ŠAfter€the€prosecutor€finished€his€argument,€the€defendantššs€attorney€asked€that€š šsome€form€of€theŠ ° Šjury€instruction€be€„„€a€sentence€or€phrase€be€added€that€the€Jury€does€not€have€to€be€comfortableŠ ™é Šwith€innocence.šš€€The€trial€court€refused,€stating€that€it€would€properly€instruct€the€jury€as€toŠ ‚Ņ Šreasonable€doubt€during€the€jury€charge.Š k» ŠĢą  ąInitially,€we€note€that€both€the€defendantššs€and€the€stateššs€briefs€allege€that€the€defendantŠ =  Šobjected€to€the€prosecutorššs€statements.€€However,€our€review€of€the€record€reveals€that€theŠ & v Šdefendant€did€not€make€a€contemporaneous€objection€to€the€prosecutorššs€statements.€€Moreover,Š  _ Ševen€when€the€defense€pointed€out€the€prosecutorššs€error€and€asked€for€a€jury€instruction,€it€did€notŠ ų H Šstate€that€it€was€objecting€to€the€prosecutorššs€closing€argument.€€The€failure€to€objectŠ į 1  Šcontemporaneously€constitutes€a€waiver€of€the€issue€pursuant€to€Rule€36(a),€T.R.A.P.€€ņņSeeóó€ņņState€v.Š Ź   ŠLittleóó,€854€S.W.2d€643,€651€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992)€(failure€to€object€to€prosecutorššs€allegedŠ ³  Šmisconduct€during€closing€argument€waives€any€later€complaint).€€Moreover,€we€discern€no€plainŠ œģ  Šerror€because€the€trial€court€properly€instructed€the€jury€that€the€state€had€the€burden€of€proving€theŠ …Õ  Šdefendantššs€guilt€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€and€that€reasonable€doubt€isŠ n¾  ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ąthat€doubt€engendered€by€an€investigation€of€all€proof€in€the€case€andŠ @ Šan€inability,€after€such€investigation,€to€let€the€mind€rest€easily€as€toŠ )y Šthe€certainty€of€guilt.€€Reasonable€doubt€does€not€mean€doubt€thatŠ b Šmay€arise€from€probability.€€Absolute€certainty€of€guilt€is€notŠ ūK Šdemanded€by€the€law€to€convict€of€any€criminal€charge,€but€moralŠ ä4 Šcertainty€is€required,€and€this€certainty€is€required€as€to€everyŠ Ķ Šproposition€of€proof€requisite€to€constitute€the€offense.€€Š¶` x` x ŠĢņņSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€52(b).€€The€defendant€is€not€entitled€to€relief.Š ˆŲ ŠĢÓ  Óņ ņV.€€JURYššS€EXPOSURE€TO€EXTRANEOUS€INFORMATIONŠ ZŖ ŠĢÓ  Óó óą  ąFinally,€the€defendant€claims€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€refusing€to€grant€him€a€new€trial.€Š .~ ŠHe€contends€that€a€new€trial€is€warranted€because€two€juror€affidavits€submitted€with€his€new€trialŠ g Šmotion€demonstrate€that€the€jury€convicted€him€based€upon€the€jury€foremanššs€incorrectly€tellingŠ  P Šother€jurors€that€he€would€serve€only€probation€if€the€jury€convicted€him€of€the€lesser€includedŠ é 9 Šoffense€of€aggravated€sexual€battery.€€He€claims€that€the€jurors€should€have€been€allowed€to€impeachŠ Ņ!"  Štheir€verdict€and€that€the€trial€court€improperly€denied€his€motion€for€a€new€trial€based€upon€theŠ »" ! Šjuryššs€exposure€to€the€extraneous€information.€€The€state€responds€that€pursuant€to€Rule€606(b),Š ¤#ō" ŠTenn.€R.€Evid.,€and€Tennessee€case€law,€the€trial€court€properly€denied€the€defendantššs€motion€forŠ $Ż# Ša€€new€trial.€€We€agree€with€the€state.Š v%Ę $ ŠĢą  ąIn€his€motion€for€a€new€trial,€the€defendant€claimed€that€during€jury€deliberations,€the€juryŠ H'˜"& Šforeman,€a€Department€of€Correction€(DOC)€employee,€told€fellow€jurors€that€the€defendant€wouldŠ 1(#' Šserve€only€probation€for€two€aggravated€sexual€battery€convictions.€€He€argued€that€he€was€entitledŠ )j$( Što€a€new€trial€because€the€jury€convicted€him€based€only€upon€the€foremanššs€misinformation.€€ToŠ *S%) Šsupport€his€claim,€the€defendant€attached€affidavits€from€two€jurors.€€In€both€affidavits,€the€jurorsŠ ģ*<&* Šstated€that€they€believed€the€defendant€was€innocent€of€any€crime€against€L.€M.;€that€they€found€theŠ Õ+%'+ Šdefendant€guilty€of€two€counts€of€aggravated€sexual€battery€š šjust€in€case€Mr.€Hobson€had€actuallyŠ ° Štouched€[L.€M.]€in€an€inappropriate€manneršš€and€because€they€wanted€him€listed€on€the€sexualŠ ™é Šoffender€registry;€and€that€they€found€him€guilty€because€the€jury€foreman€told€them€the€defendantŠ ‚Ņ Šš šwould€probably€just€get€probation€for€one€or€two€yearsšš€for€the€aggravated€sexual€batteryŠ k» Šconvictions.Š T¤ ŠĢą  ąAt€the€motion€for€new€trial€hearing,€the€defendant€argued€that€ņņState€v.€Fuinoóó,€608€S.W.2d€892Š & v Š(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€ņņapp.€deniedóó€(Tenn.€1980),€supported€his€claim€that€the€affidavits€wereŠ  _ Šadmissible€to€impeach€the€verdict.€€In€ņņFuinoóó,€jurors€submitted€affidavits€stating€that€they€would€notŠ ų H Šhave€convicted€the€defendant€of€first€degree€murder€if€they€had€known€he€would€have€to€serve€a€lifeŠ į 1  Šsentence.€€The€trial€court€refused€to€consider€the€affidavits€and€denied€the€defendantššs€new€trialŠ Ź   Šmotion.€€On€appeal,€this€court€first€noted€that€the€trial€court€had€failed€to€inform€the€jury€that€the€juryŠ ³  Šwould€have€to€sentence€the€defendant€to€death€or€life€imprisonment€if€it€found€the€defendant€guilty.€Š œģ  ŠIt€then€determined€that€the€juror€affidavits€contained€proof€that€the€jurors€had€been€influenced€byŠ …Õ  Šextraneous€prejudicial€information€and€by€misrepresentation€and€mistake.€€This€court€reversed€theŠ n¾  Šdefendantššs€conviction€and€ordered€a€new€trial.€€In€the€present€case,€the€trial€court€noted€that€despiteŠ W§  ŠņņFuinoóó,€more€recent€š šcase€law€interpreting€Rule€606(b)€.€.€.€[indicates]€that€matters€such€as€broughtŠ @ Šforth€by€the€affidavits€in€this€case€do€not€provide€a€valid€basis€for€impeaching€a€juryššs€verdict.šš€€ItŠ )y Šoverruled€the€motion€for€new€trial.€€Š b ŠĢą  ąThe€defendant€maintains€that€this€case€is€analogous€to€ņņFuinoóó€and€that€ņņFuinoóó€is€still€good€law.€Š ä4 ŠIn€addition,€he€contends€that€ņņState€v.€Akinsóó,€867€S.W.2d€350€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993),€isŠ Ķ Šdispositive.€€In€ņņAkinsóó,€the€defendant€was€charged€with€several€offenses,€including€driving€under€theŠ ¶ Šinfluence€(DUI).€€During€voir€dire,€Juror€Hathaway€failed€to€reveal€that€she€had€worked€as€aŠ Ÿļ Šprobation€officer€and€a€DUI€counselor,€despite€direct€questions€from€the€state€and€the€defense€thatŠ ˆŲ Šshould€have€revealed€such€information.€€After€trial,€another€juror€told€the€defense€about€Ms.Š qĮ ŠHathawayššs€prior€experience€with€alcoholics,€and€the€defendant€called€Ms.€Hathaway€to€testify€atŠ ZŖ Šhis€motion€for€new€trial€hearing.€On€appeal,€the€state€argued€that€Ms.€Hathawayššs€testimony€couldŠ C“ Šnot€be€considered€under€Rule€606(b).€€However,€this€court€held€that€her€testimony€could€beŠ ,| Šconsidered€and€that€her€failure€to€reveal€her€prior€experience€denied€the€defendant€his€constitutionalŠ e Šright€to€a€fair€and€impartial€jury.€€ņņId.óó€at€355„57.Š žN ŠĢą  ąTennessee€Rule€of€Evidence€606(b),€which€came€into€effect€in€1989,€governs€a€jurorššsŠ Š!   Šcompetency€to€testify€regarding€the€validity€of€the€verdict.€€Š ¹" ! ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ąUpon€an€inquiry€into€the€validity€of€a€verdict€or€indictment,€a€jurorŠ ‹$Ū# Šmay€not€testify€as€to€any€matter€or€statement€occurring€during€theŠ t%Ä $ Šcourse€of€the€juryššs€deliberations€or€to€the€effect€of€anything€uponŠ ]&­!% Šany€jurorššs€mind€or€emotion€as€influencing€that€juror€to€assent€to€orŠ F'–"& Šdissent€from€the€verdict€or€indictment€or€concerning€the€jurorššsŠ /(#' Šmental€processes,€except€that€a€juror€may€testify€on€the€question€ofŠ )h$( Šwhether€extraneous€prejudicial€information€was€improperly€broughtŠ *Q%) Što€the€juryššs€attention,€whether€any€outside€influence€was€improperlyŠ ź*:&* Šbrought€to€bear€upon€any€juror,€or€whether€the€jurors€agreed€inŠ Ó+#'+ Šadvance€to€be€bound€by€a€quotient€or€gambling€verdict€withoutŠ ° Šfurther€discussion;€nor€may€a€jurorššs€affidavit€or€evidence€of€anyŠ ™é Šstatement€by€the€juror€concerning€a€matter€about€which€the€jurorŠ ‚Ņ Šwould€be€precluded€from€testifying€be€received€for€these€purposes.€€Šk»` x` x ŠĢAs€the€Advisory€Commission€Comment€notes,€this€rule€is€the€codification€of€the€supreme€courtššsŠ =  Šadoption€of€Rule€606(b),€Fed.€R.€Evid.,€in€ņņState€v.€Blackwellóó,€664€S.W.2d€686,€688€(Tenn.€1984).€Š & v ŠBoth€fact€and€opinion€can€comprise€extraneous€information€influencing€a€jury.€€ņņBlackwellóó,€664Š  _ ŠS.W.2d€at€689.€€If€the€defendant€shows€that€the€jury€has€been€subjected€to€extraneous€prejudicialŠ ų H Šinformation€or€improper€influence,€then€we€presume€prejudice€and€the€burden€shifts€to€the€state€toŠ į 1  Šrebut€this€presumption€by€either€explaining€the€exposure€or€proving€that€it€was€harmless.€€ņņId.óó€Š Ź   ŠĢą  ąRegarding€the€defendantššs€argument€that€this€case€is€analogous€to€ņņFuinoóó€and€that€ņņFuinoóó€isŠ œģ  Šstill€good€law,€we€agree€that€the€facts€of€ņņFuinoóó€are€similar€to€the€case€before€us.€€Moreover,€weŠ …Õ  Šrecognize€that€in€ņņFuinoóó,€this€court€held€that€the€jury€foremanššs€mistakenly€telling€other€jurors€thatŠ n¾  Šthe€trial€court€would€not€sentence€the€defendant€to€life€imprisonment€was€extraneous€prejudicialŠ W§  Šinformation.€€However,€in€reversing€Mr.€Fuinoššs€conviction,€this€court€emphasized€that€in€additionŠ @ Što€the€foremanššs€misinformation,€the€trial€court€also€gave€an€incorrect€jury€instruction,€whichŠ )y Šcontributed€to€the€other€jurorsšš€believing€the€foreman.€€ņņId.óó€at€895„96.€€Š b ŠĢą  ąWe€also€recognize€that€since€ņņFuinoóó,€this€court€and€our€supreme€court€have€held€that€the€typeŠ ä4 Šof€information€revealed€by€the€jury€foreman€in€that€case€was€not€extraneous€prejudicial€information.€Š Ķ ŠFor€example,€in€ņņState€v.€Andersonóó,€748€S.W.2d€201,€205€(Tenn.€1985)ņņóó,€our€supreme€court€held€thatŠ ¶ Ša€jurorššs€telling€other€jurors€that€the€defendant€would€be€eligible€for€parol€after€serving€only€thirtyŠ Ÿļ Šyears€of€a€life€sentence€was€not€extraneous€information€under€Fed.€R.€Evid.€606(b).€€In€ņņState€v.Š ˆŲ ŠMcAffeeóó,€784€S.W.2d€930,€933€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1989),€this€court€held€that€a€jurorššs€stating€duringŠ qĮ Šdeliberations€that€the€defendant€would€only€serve€six€years€for€a€first€degree€murder€conviction€wasŠ ZŖ Šnot€extraneous€prejudicial€information.€Finally,€our€supreme€court€has€stated€that€jurors€areŠ C“ Šš šgenerally€knowledgeable€in€many€areas,€and€they€are€entitled€to€use€their€common€or€acquiredŠ ,| Šsense€in€arriving€at€a€verdict,€so€long€as€the€knowledge€is€not€imparted€to€them€outside€the€judicialŠ e Šproceeding€in€which€they€sit€as€jurors.šš€€ņņAndersonóó,€748€S.W.2d€at€205.€€We€conclude€that€case€lawŠ žN Šsince€ņņFuinoóó€demonstrates€that€information€brought€into€the€jury€room€by€a€jurorššs€work€experienceŠ ē 7 Šdoes€not€constitute€extraneous€prejudicial€information.ņņóóŠ Š!   ŠĢą  ąTurning€to€the€case€before€us,€the€jurorsšš€affidavits€do€not€allege€that€the€jurors€learned€aboutŠ ¢#ņ" Šthe€mistaken€information€from€a€third€party€during€the€trial€or€deliberations.€€To€the€contrary,€theŠ ‹$Ū# Šjurors€obtained€the€information€from€the€jury€foreman,€who€learned€the€information€from€hisŠ t%Ä $ Šexperience€as€a€DOC€employee.€€Although€the€defendant€claims€ņņAkinsóó€is€dispositive,€we€note€thatŠ ]&­!% ŠņņAkinsóó€is€distinguishable€from€the€present€case.€€In€ņņAkinsóó,€this€court€merely€stated€that€Rule€606(b)Š F'–"& Šdoes€not€preclude€testimony€about€voir€dire.€€We€also€note€that€unlike€the€trial€court€in€ņņFuinoóó,€theŠ /(#' Štrial€court€in€this€case€instructed€the€jury€that€the€trial€court€would€determine€the€defendantššsŠ )h$( Špunishment€at€a€separate€sentencing€hearing€upon€a€finding€of€guilt.€€Choosing€to€follow€theŠ *Q%) Šreasoning€in€ņņAndersonóó€and€ņņMcAfeeóó,€we€conclude€that€the€jurorsšš€affidavits€did€not€reveal€anyŠ ź*:&* Šextraneous€information€and€that€the€trial€court€properly€denied€the€defendantššs€motion€for€new€trial.€Š Ó+#'+ Їą  ąWe€conclude€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€allowing€Mary€Harvey€and€Sheronda€McNeal€toŠ ° Štestify€on€rebuttal€about€the€defendantššs€prior€bad€acts€and€character€for€truthfulness.€€TheŠ ™é Šdefendantššs€convictions€are€reversed,€and€the€case€is€remanded€for€a€new€trial.Š ‚Ņ ŠĢĢĢą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąą Ą ąą  ą__________________________________€Š & v Šą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąą Ą ąą  ąJOSEPH€M.€TIPTON,€JUDGE