ÿWPC× …# VUNa %¯ 0(µLÝb) w@1 4q … 0ˆ” 0D 0J` 0Tª 0^þ \ 0hd 0rÌ 0|> 0†º 0@ 1uÐ 0dE B©U>ÆU *B).DCW AMšç D3l5v~¡ 0@vÓ_ AO2Æ 0DG D/‹ Bº˜HP LaserJet 4 PlusHPPCL5MS,ð,,,,,ð0nLlÎ(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡C:\OFFICE\WPWIN\TEMPLATE\STANDARD.WPT- ù- ¢£E¤¥E¦§D¨©Eª«Ó€Úƒç"3|x¶(8(2³€$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÒ°ÒÒX°Òà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d&&&&7Border 1dd€-'Cþÿ << Gÿÿ Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€$ÔÝ  ÝÔ€%ÔÔ€%ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€%XÔÌÌò òDecember€23,€1997ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€%ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó'ÿÿdxd bÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€$ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $ÝÒ  ÒÒ X Òà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€%ÔÔ€%ôÔIt€should€be€noted€that€only€if€identity€is€a€material€issue€is€a€defendant€entitled€to€the€òòDyleóóÏinstruction€upon€request€or€a€harmless€error€analysis€in€the€absence€of€a€special€request.€€If€identity€is€not€aÏmaterial€issue€failure€to€give€the€òòDyleóó€instruction€is€not€error€at€all.€€Identity€is€a€material€issue€when€theÏdefendant€puts€it€in€issue€or€when€eyewitness€testimony€is€uncorroborated€by€circumstantial€evidence.€ÏòòDyleóó€at€612€F.N.4.€€In€the€case€òòsubóó€òòjudiceóó€Appellant€only€hinted€that€the€eyewitnesses€were€mistaken€inÏidentifying€him€as€the€perpetrator€of€the€car€theft.€€His€primary€defense€was€that€he€did€not€intend€toÏpermanently€deprive€the€owner€of€the€vehicle.€€Thus,€it€is€questionable€whether€identity€was€a€òòmaterialóóÏissue€in€this€case.€€We€nevertheless€will€address€this€issue€under€the€harmless€error€standard.Ô€%XÔÔ€$ÔÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  ÒStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÒ  ion-F Geneva Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€$ÔÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÑ ` ÑÔ€$ŠÔÔ€%ÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ€ÑÑ7€VlXXdìdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÓ  Óò òÙ€€ÙßR€()'A1-j|` Å `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌAT€KNOXVILLEÌÌAPRIL€SESSION,€1997ÌÌÌÓ  ÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à à)à àC.C.A.€NO.€03C01„9603„CC„00122Ìà àà àà àà àà àó ó)Ìà àAppellee,à àà àà àò ò)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àGREENE€COUNTYÌVS.à àà àà àà àà à)à àÌà àà àà àà àà à)à àHON.€JAMES€E.€BECKNERó óÌò òWILLIAM€LYNN€HOLT,ó óà àà àò ò)à àJUDGEó óÌà àà àà àà àà àò ò)ó óÌà àAppellant.à àà àà àò ò)à à(Direct€Appeal€„€Theft)Ìó óÌÌÓ  ÓÌÌÓ  ÓòòFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:à àà àà àòòFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:ÌÌLAWRENCE€A.€WELCH,€JR.à àà àJOHN€KNOX€WALKUPÌ1104€Tusculum€Blvd.,€Ste.€101à àà àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌGreeneville,€TN€37743Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àCLINTON€J.€MORGANÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àC.€BERKELEY€BELLÌà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àERIC€D.€CHRISTIANSENÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€AttorneyÌà àà àà àà àà àà à113„J€West€Church€StreetÌà àà àà àà àà àà àGreeneville,€TN€37743ÌÌÌOPINION€FILED€________________________ÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌJERRY€L.€SMITH,€JUDGEÇÓ  Óò òòòÔ€%„ÔOPINIONóóó óÔ€%ŠÔÌÓÓÌÓ  Óà àA€Greene€County€Criminal€Court€jury€found€Appellant,€William€Lynn€Holt,Ïguilty€of€theft€of€property€valued€over€$10,000€and€under€$60,000.€€AppellantÏwas€sentenced€to€six€years€in€the€Tennessee€Department€of€Correction€andÏfined€$10,000.€On€appeal,€Appellant€presents€the€following€issues€for€review:ÌÒ ` ÒÒ ` Òà à1)€whether€the€evidence€presented€at€trial€wasÏinsufficient€as€a€mater€of€law€to€support€the€jury€verdict€ofÏtheft€of€property€valued€between€$10,000€and€$60,000;Ìà à2)€whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€denying€theÏdefense€request€for€a€jury€instruction€on€joyriding€as€aÏlesser€included€offense;Ìà à3)€whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€not€giving€the€juryÏinstruction€set€out€by€the€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€inÏòòState€v.€Dyleóó,€899€S.W.2d€607(Tenn.€1995);€regardingÏeyewitness€identification.ÌÌÒ  ÒÒ  ÒAfter€a€review€of€the€record,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌà@ àFACTUAL€BACKGROUNDÌÌà àThe€evidence€presented€at€trial€established€that€in€early€June,Ï1995,€Appellant€and€three€other€people€worked€at€the€home€of€J.C.ÏJones,€painting€the€Jones€home.€Mr.€Jones€testified€that€at€that€time€heÏowned€a€1964€yellow€Corvette€convertible€automobile,€which€he€keptÏhidden€behind€his€house.ò ò€€ó óOn€June€8,€the€Jones€family€left€for€aÏvacation€without€having€given€anyone€permission€to€drive€the€car.ÏThey€were€informed€later€that€week€that€the€automobile€had€beenÏstolen€and€burned.€Mr.€Jones€testified€that€the€car€had€a€fair€marketÏvalue€of€at€least€$25,000.ÌÌà àMr.€Hobert€Carter,€familiar€with€Mr.€Jonesðð€automobile,€saw€theÏcar€being€driven€at€about€8:45€p.m.€on€June€8,€1995.€Mr.€CarterÏidentified€Appellant€as€having€been€the€driver€of€the€car.€Mr.€RonnieÏBrown€testified€that€Appellant€came€to€his€body€and€repair€shop€andÏasked€him€to€paint€a€ðð64€Corvette€convertible.€Mr.€Brown€refused€toÏpaint€the€car,€telling€Appellant,€ð ðI€ainððt€getting€in€trouble.ððò ò€ó ó€€Ms.€KayÏLane€testified€that€she€took€Appellant€to€a€field€behind€a€trespassingÏgate€in€order€to€retrieve€a€car€for€which€he€said€he€had€traded€aÏmotorcycle€and€a€Camero.€Ms.€Lane€testified€that€he€got€the€keys€toÏthe€car€from€the€trunk€and€drove€the€car€to€a€trailer€park.€She€laterÏreceived€a€phone€call€telling€her€that€Appellant€had€wrecked.€SheÍdrove€to€where€Appellant€was€and€overheard€him€talking€aboutÏhaving€to€get€rid€of€the€car.ò ò€€ó óSeveral€other€witnesses€testified€they€sawÏAppellant€driving€the€Corvette.€€€€€€€ÌÌà@ àSUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€EVIDENCE€ÌÌà àAppellant€argues€that€the€evidence€presented€at€trial€wasÏinsufficient€to€support€the€verdict€of€guilty€in€that€there€was€noÏcompetent€evidence€to€establish€the€value€of€the€stolen€automobile.ÏHe€bases€this€argument€upon€the€fact€that€J.C.€Jones€is€not€theÏowner€of€record,€though€he€provided€the€only€testimony€regarding€theÏvalue€of€the€œcar.€In›€òòState€v.€Bridgeforthóó,€836€S.W.2d€591€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.€1992),€this€court€held€that€Tennessee€Rule€of€Evidence€701Ïprohibits€value€testimony€from€any€lay€witness€other€than€the€propertyÏowner.€However,€òòBridgeforthóó€involved€testimony€from€a€baileeÏregarding€the€value€of€property€in€the€bailment.€The€situation€in€theÏcase€òòsubóó€òòjudiceóó€is€very€different€from€that€presented€by€òòBridgeforthóó.ÏHere,€the€witness€who€testified€regarding€the€value€of€the€car€wasÏmarried€to€the€titled€owner€of€the€car.€The€testimony€was€that€the€carÏwas€their€joint€marital€property.ò ò€ó ó€While€the€figure€put€into€evidence€byÏthe€bailee€in€òòBridgeforthóó€did€not€in€anyway€demonstrate€how€theÍamount€was€arrived€at€or€even€that€the€bailee€had€any€reliableÏknowledge€of€the€value€of€the€goods,€the€value€attributed€to€the€car€by€ÏMr.€Jones€was€clearly€arrived€at€through€intimate€knowledge€of€theÏvehicle.€This€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌà@ àFAILURE€TO€CHARGE€JOYRIDINGÌÌà àAppellant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€failing€to€charge€theÏjury€on€the€lesser€offense€of€joyriding,€Tennessee€Code€AnnotatedÏSection€39„14„106.€€A€person€commits€ð ðjoyridingðð€when€he€or€she:Ïð ðtakes€anotherððs€automobile,€airplane,€motorcycle,€bicycle,€œboa›œt›€or€otherÏvehicle€without€the€consent€of€the€owner€and€the€person€does€notÏhave€the€intent€to€deprive€the€owner€œthereof.ð𛀀ÌÌà àA€trial€court€has€a€duty€to€instruct€the€jury€on€all€lesser€includedÏor€lesser€grade€of€offenses€whether€or€not€it€is€requested€to€do€so.€ÏòòState€v.€Trustyóó,€919€S.W.2d€305,€310€(Tenn.€1996).€€However,€the€trialÏcourt€is€not€required€to€instruct€the€jury€regarding€a€lesser€included€orÏlesser€grade€of€offense€where€no€evidence€has€been€presented€toÏsupport€a€lesser€offense.€€òòId.óó;€€òòWhitwell€v.€Stateóó,€520€S.W.2d€338,€343Ï(Tenn.€1975);€and€òòState€v.€Rhodenóó,€739€S.W.2d€6,11€(Tenn.€Crim.ÍApp.€1987).€€The€facts€in€this€case€do€not€support€a€jury€charge€forÏjoyriding.€Appellant€consulted€with€a€body€shop€about€painting€theÏvehicle.€€After€wrecking,€Appellant€burned€the€car.€€There€is€noÏevidence€in€this€record€that€Appellant€intended€anything€but€to€depriveÏthe€owner€of€the€car€of€his€property.€€Therefore,€the€trial€judge's€failureÏto€charge€the€jury€on€the€lesser€offense€of€joyriding€was€not€reversibleÏerror.€This€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌà@ àHEARSAY€OBJECTIONÌà àAppellant€maintains€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€sustaining€theÏStateððs€objections€to€certain€questions€asked€during€the€cross„examination€of€Detective€Ellison.€€On€direct€examination€the€prosecutorÏelicited€from€Detective€Ellison€that€Mr.€Hobert€Carter€had€told€EllisonÏthat€he€had€seen€Appellant€driving€the€Jonesðð€vehicle.€€This€testimonyÏwas€admitted€pursuant€to€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€803(1.1)€which€allows,€asÏan€exception€to€the€hearsay€rule,€a€prior€statement€of€identification€byÏa€witness€if€the€declarant€testified€and€is€subject€to€cross„examination.€ÏOn€cross„examination€counsel€for€Appellant€asked€questions€ofÏEllison€concerning€whether€Carter€had€told€Ellison€that€appellant€hadÏwaived€at€Carter€when€Carter€saw€him€in€the€Jonesðð€Corvette.€€TheÍStateððs€œobjections›€to€these€questions€were€sustained€on€hearsayÏgrounds.ÌÌà àHearsay€is€defined€at€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€œ801(C)›€as:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 à.€.€.€a€statement,€other€than€one€made€by€theÏdeclarant€while€testifying€at€trial€or€hearing,Ïoffered€in€evidence€to€prove€the€truth€of€theÏmatter€asserted.ÌÓÓÌà àClearly,€counsel€wanted€to€show€by€this€line€of€questioning€thatÏAppellant€was€not€afraid€of€being€seen€driving€the€Corvette,€and€hadÏin€fact€œwaved›€to€Carter.€€However,€it€is€equally€clear€that€eliciting€thisÏinformation€through€Ellison€amounted€to€an€attempt€to€introduceÏhearsay€for€which€no€exception€exists€and€it€was€therefore€properlyÏexcluded.€€In€any€event€during€Mr.€Carterððs€testimony€counsel€askedÏCarter€if€Appellant€had€waved€to€him.€€Carter€responded€thatÏAppellant€had€indeed€waved.€€The€jury€had€the€benefit€of€thisÏinformation€and€its€exclusion€during€Ellisonððs€testimony€could€not€haveÏharmed€Appellant.ÌÌà@ àJURY€INSTRUCTION€REGARDING€IDENTITYÌà àAppellantððs€last€complaint€concerns€the€jury€instruction€regardingÏidentity.€€At€trial€the€jury€instructed€the€jury€with€the€traditional€patternÍinstruction€regarding€identity.€€T.P.I.Crim.€(3d€ed.)€42.05€(1993).€ÏAppellant€maintains€that€this€instruction€was€insufficient€in€light€of€theÏTennessee€Supreme€Courtððs€holding€in€òòState€v.€Dyleóó,€899€S.W.2d€607Ï(Tenn.€1995).€€In€òòDyleóó€our€state€supreme€court€held€that€in€casesÏwhere€the€identity€of€the€defendant€is€a€material€issue,€œa›€moreÏcomprehensive€jury€instruction€than€that€of€the€traditional€pattern€chargeÏshould€be€given€to€the€œjury›œ€if€the€defendant€requests€the€moreÏcomprehensive€instruction.›ÌÌà àThe€jury€instructions€promulgated€by€the€Court€in€òòDyleóó€reads€asÏfollows:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àOne€of€the€issues€in€this€case€is€theÏidentification€of€the€defendant€as€the€personÏwho€committed€the€crime.€€The€state€has€theÏburden€of€proving€identity€beyond€aÏreasonable€doubt.€€Identification€testimony€isÏan€expression€of€belief€or€impression€by€theÏwitness,€and€its€value€may€depend€uponÏyour€consideration€of€several€factors.€€SomeÏof€the€factors€which€you€may€consider€are:ÌÌà8 àà8 à(1)€The€witnessðð€capacity€and€opportunity€toÏobserve€the€offender.€€This€includes,€amongÏother€things,€the€length€of€time€available€forÏobservation,€the€distance€from€which€theÏwitness€observed,€the€lighting,€and€whetherÏthe€person€who€committed€the€crime€was€aÏprior€acquaintance€of€the€witness;Ìà8 àà8 à(2)€The€degree€of€certainty€expressed€by€theÏwitness€regarding€the€identification€and€theÍcircumstances€under€which€it€was€made,Ïincluding€whether€it€is€the€product€of€theÏwitnessðð€own€recollection;Ìà8 àà8 à(3)€The€occasions,€if€any,€on€which€theÏwitness€failed€to€made€an€identification€of€theÏdefendant,€or€made€an€identification€thatÏwas€inconsistent€with€the€identification€atÏtrial;€andÌà8 àà8 à(4)€The€occasions,€if€any,€on€which€theÏwitness€made€an€identification€that€wasÏconsistent€with€the€identification€at€trial,€andÏthe€circumstances€surrounding€suchÏidentifications.ÌÌà8 àà8 àAgain,€the€state€has€the€burden€of€provingÏevery€element€of€the€crime€charged,€and€thisÏburden€specifically€includes€the€identity€of€theÏdefendant€as€the€person€who€committed€theÏcrime€for€which€he€or€she€is€on€trial.€€If€afterÏconsidering€the€identification€testimony€in€lightÏof€all€the€proof€you€have€a€reasonableÏdoubt€that€the€defendant€is€the€person€whoÏcommitted€the€crime,€you€must€find€theÏdefendant€not€guilty.ÌÌòòId.óó€At€612.ÌÌÓÓà àIf€a€defendant€fails€to€request€the€instruction€set€forth€above,€theÏcase€under€consideration€must€be€analyzed€to€determine€whether€theÏfailure€to€give€the€instruction€amounts€to€harmless€œerror.€òòId.óó›€In€theÏinstant€case€Appellant€did€not€request€that€the€òòDyleóó€instruction€beÍgiven.€€We€therefore€review€the€case€under€a€harmless€errorÏstandard.× ƒ+ ××  ×ÌÌà àIn€this€case€Kay€Lane€testified€she€was€with€Appellant€whenÏhe€first€took€the€Corvette.€€Appellant€was€positively€identified€as€drivingÏthe€car€on€June€8,€1995.€€The€next€day€Appellant€asked€RonnieÏBrown€to€paint€the€Corvette.€€In€addition€four€other€witnesses€whoÏknew€Appellant€also€saw€him€driving€the€stolen€Corvette.€€We€areÏconvinced€that€any€error€in€the€failure€to€give€the€òòDyleóó€instruction€did€notÏeffect€the€verdict€in€this€case.€€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€52(a).€€This€issue€isÏwithout€merit.ÌÌà àHaving€reviewed€the€record€and€the€arguments€of€the€partiesÏwe€conclude€there€is€no€reversible€error€in€this€record.€€Accordingly,€theÏjudgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.ÌÓ  ÓÓÓà àà àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà à_____________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àJERRY€L.€SMITH,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌJOE€G.€RILEY,€JUDGEÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌCHRIS€CRAFT,€SPECIAL€JUDGE