ÿWPC¸ ½¥”L¦m¢ÿrrÝ„zª=lšqàãÂÿ7)ÙtȹÞá—®²+¶–w÷£ îìì1ÂÀÏ'AYJÅ„ú>Å£v‰Uz‰°Bo†ß](c¬gSÑ%Eß!%É?¶za{È„ac³ô¥™¡f4ëĵÎÉ‘`ë÷°¢&&˜I5+YM²þÁL¥ÖP>›æÅ©&¸¬îœ¿¶bBwÆF wªôƒl æ.·ºŠõáuü€ÿUÝE­ŸéØûuV–×ØHîÂ7*/ÿžÚÿFKyÉá]?ä ÉÛ3ï8ÞXæÚrÃN ¶¯%8wó‘ ¶µÜ{Ù›­9|ë°Å¾NĈ,ÒŠrõ1é¹àöØÉuŸˆ¿èþ &͸ÙÍ}úqäÄk“Ò™YBrݵâBòÿ ó)e`ñ™œã“Ü•t5·ƒ àì•“™r8€ÀMš.É›àIŒ8°4à=¥˜_ôš$w¿`Á‚(¯†X¿P^9€„§ÀšÚÍ>Gã£Î§ -ýÅ vX»ßÿT{Ûj_s&5ÛÄÅEV<)ñö[Ù˜0»#'Ss–ôƒ.Þ$ƒAmyû°?¸¿`cÄ7eØüóäù–j¶5ÈÐt¸ÏÂ0ŒÂç¿p'¬b %\^ b 0ˆnU NöwD4H\ zkÒå· m¹ #ÁÐ Ð Æ‘ ÆW Æ Æã ã N©©©E««««««««««««««««««««««««b­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ 0ëµµµµ B   0¤½ D3a D-” 0KÁÁ AS Æ_ 0¤% 0DÉ A« »tB-s (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular3j1,CU~1º E%­Ð3|x ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ˜HP LaserJet 4050ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5- ù-(|G2Á€$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€­»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¿…ò»»Ô d(|3?v$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€­»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3?v$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€­»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€­»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÔ€¼­»»»ÔÑ8€W!XXdì»»d8Ñà@ttìàÔ‡îl­ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@WW$ìàAT€KNOXVILLEÔ#†¼­»îîl#ԈРÖ& Ðà@¼ ¼ ìàAssigned€on€Briefs€May€21,€2002ˆÐ üL ÐÌò òà@ìàSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE€v.€RALPH€TAYLOR€Ô_ÔHOPSONÔ_Ôó óˆÐ  p ÐÌÔ€XW!X»¼­Ôà@¦ ¦ ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Claiborne€CountyˆÐ F – Ðà@É É ìàNo.€11331€€€€€€E.€Shane€Sexton,€JudgeˆÐ 2 ‚ ÐÌÌà@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<õ` A߈Ð öF  ÐÌà@ÕÕìàNo.€E2001„02113„CCA„R3„CDˆÐ ñA  ÐÔ_ÔÔ_Ôà@JJ#ìàOctober€2,€Ô_Ô2002Ô_ԈРÝ-  ÐßA€V) °°` dE<È` AßÐ É  Ðó óÌDefendant,€Ralph€Taylor€Ô_ÔHopsonÔ_Ô,€was€indicted€by€the€Grand€Jury€of€Claiborne€County€for€one€countÐ Ä Ðof€second€degree€murder€and€one€count€of€attempted€second€degree€murder.€€Prior€to€trial,€DefendantÐ ° Ðstated€his€desire€to€waive€his€right€to€representation€by€counsel€and€requested€to€proceed€òòproóó€òòseóó.€€FourÐ œì Ðdays€later,€the€trial€court€conducted€an€inquiry€into€Defendantððs€ability€to€represent€himself€andÐ ˆØ Ðgranted€his€request.€€Following€a€jury€trial,€Defendant€was€convicted€of€the€offenses€charged.€€TheÐ tÄ Ðtrial€court€subsequently€sentenced€Defendant€to€twenty„five€years€for€the€second€degree€murderÐ `° Ðconviction€and€ten€years€for€the€attempt€conviction,€to€be€served€concurrently.€€In€this€appeal,Ð Lœ ÐDefendant€challenges€both€convictions€on€the€ground€that€the€waiver€of€his€right€to€counsel€was€notÐ 8ˆ Ðknowingly€and€intelligently€made.€€In€addition,€Defendant€contends€that€his€sentence€for€the€secondÐ $t Ðdegree€murder€conviction€is€excessive.€€After€a€review€of€the€record€and€applicable€law,€we€concludeÐ ` Ðthat€Defendant€did€not€knowingly€and€intelligently€waive€his€right€to€counsel€and€that€the€trial€courtÐ üL Ðerred€in€determining€Defendantððs€sentences.€€Accordingly,€we€reverse€the€judgments€of€the€trial€courtÐ è8 Ðand€remand€this€matter€for€a€new€trial.Ð Ô$ ÐÌà@EEìàò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Criminal€Court€Reversed.ó óˆÐ ¬ü ÐÌòòThomas€T.€Ô_ÔWoodallÔ_Ô,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòJohn€Everett€Williams€óóandÐ „!Ô  ÐòòNorma€McGee€Ogleóó,€JJ.,€joined.Ð p"À! ÐÌJulie€A.€Rice,€Knoxville,€Tennessee€(on€appeal€only);€Ralph€Taylor€Ô_ÔHopsonÔ_Ô,€òòpro€seóó,€(at€trial);€andÐ H$˜# ÐMartha€J.€Ô_ÔYoakumÔ_Ô,€District€Public€Defender;€and€Charles€A.€Herman,€Assistant€Public€Defender,Ð 4%„ $ ÐÔ_ÔJacksboroÔ_Ô,€Tennessee€(at€trial€as€advisory€counsel)€for€the€appellant,€Ralph€Taylor€Ô_ÔHopsonÔ_Ô.Ð  &p!% ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Peter€M.€Ô_ÔCoughlanÔ_Ô,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð ø'H#' ÐWilliam€Paul€Phillips,€District€Attorney€General;€Ô_ÔJaredÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔEfflerÔ_Ô,€Assistant€District€Attorney€General;Ð ä(4$( ÐJohn€Arnold€Ô_ÔSteakleyÔ_Ô,€Assistant€District€Attorney€General;€and€Todd€Ô_ÔLongmireÔ_Ô,€Assistant€DistrictÐ Ð) %) ÐAttorney€General,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð ¼* &* ÐÌÌÐ €-Ð(-ýp ÐÔ_Ôà@66'ìàò òòòOPINIONóóó óˆÐ ° ÐÌòòóóà@!ìàò òFACTUAL€BACKGROUNDó óˆÐ ˆØ ÐÌò òà@òòìàI.€€Pre„trial€Proceedingsó óˆÐ `° ÐÌà  àOn€March€31,€2000,€Defendantððs€counsel€filed€a€motion€to€reevaluate€DefendantððsÐ 8 ˆ Ðcompetency€to€stand€trial€(which€was€scheduled€to€commence€on€April€11).€€During€the€motionÐ $ t Ðhearing€on€April€3,€2000,€Defendantððs€counsel€informed€the€trial€court€that€he€filed€the€motionÐ  ` Ðbecause€Defendant€had€refused€to€talk€to€him€or€assist€him€in€any€way€in€preparing€for€the€upcomingÐ ü L  Ðtrial.€€Defendant€responded€that€he€had€been€previously€evaluated€twice€and€found€competent€eachÐ è 8  Ðtime€and€that€his€primary€concern€had€to€do€with€the€competency€of€his€attorney.€€DefendantÐ Ô$  Ðrequested€that€the€court€grant€him€permission€to€represent€himself,€and€the€trial€court€scheduled€aÐ À  Ðhearing€to€determine€whether€this€would€be€proper.€€The€motion€for€reevaluation€of€DefendantððsÐ ¬ü  Ðcompetency€was€denied.Ð ˜è  ÐÌà  àFour€days€later,€on€April€7,€2000,€a€hearing€took€place€for€the€trial€court€to€determine€whetherÐ pÀ ÐDefendant€should€be€allowed€to€represent€himself€at€trial.€€During€the€proceeding,€the€followingÐ \¬ Ðcolloquy€ensued:Ð H˜ ÐÌà8  àTHE€COURT:à0Ð Ð àAre€you€asking€me€again€to€allow€you€to€let€your€appointedÐ  p Ðcounsel€go€and€you€can€represent€yourself?Ð \Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à0Ð Ð àCorrect.Ðä4Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àTHE€COURT:à0Ð Ð àI€said€something€before€that€you€are€entitled€to€do€that€if€youÐ ¼  Ðwant€to€do€that.€Ð¨øÐ Ð  ÐÌà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à0Ð Ð àI€remember€that.€Ð€ÐÐ Ð  ÐÌà8  àTHE€COURT:à0Ð Ð àBut€I€have€to€establish€that€you€are€making€a€knowing,Ð X ¨ Ðintelligent€waiver€of€your€right€to€counsel€and€I€also€want€toÐ D!” Ðtell€you€that€I€am€strongly€trying€to€dissuade€you€from€theÐ 0"€  Ðaction.€Ð#l!Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à0Ð Ð àYes.€Ðô$D #Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àTHE€COURT:à0Ð Ð àBut€I€am€not€going€to€deprive€you€of€your€right€to€try€yourselfÐ Ì&"% Ðif€that€is€what€you€want€to€do.€€How€old€are€you?€€Raise€yourÐ ¸'#& Ðright€hand,€please.Ф(ô#'Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  à(WHEREUPON,€MR.€HOPSON€WAS€DULY€SWORN€BY€THE€COURT.)Ð|*Ì%)Ð Ð  ÐÐ h+¸&* Ðà8  àTHE€COURT:à0Ð Ð àOkay.€€You€will€need€to€speak€up€good€and€loud€because€youÐ ° Ðare€on€the€record.€€State€your€name€for€the€record.€€ÐœìÐ Ð  ÐÌà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à0Ð Ð àRalph€Taylor€Hopson.€ÐtÄÐ Ð  ÐÌà8  àTHE€COURT:à0Ð Ð àMr.€Hopson,€you€are€under€indictment€for€second€degreeÐ L œ Ðmurder€and€attempted€first€[sic]€degree€murder,€is€that€right?€Ð8 ˆÐ Ð  ÐÌà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à0Ð Ð àCorrect.Ð `Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àTHE€COURT:à0Ð Ð àAnd€your€case€is€scheduled€for€trial€on€the€11òòthóó€of€April,€isÐ è 8  Ðthat€right?€€ÐÔ$ Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à0Ð Ð àThat€is€correct.Ьü Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àTHE€COURT:à0Ð Ð àAnd€you€have€indicated€here€today€that€you€do€not€want€toÐ „Ô  Ðhave€the€attorneys€that€work€for€the€Public€Defenderððs€officeÐ pÀ Ðrepresenting€you,€is€that€right?€Ð\¬Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à0Ð Ð àThat€is€correct.Ð4„Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àTHE€COURT:à0Ð Ð àCan€you€tell€me€„€how€old€are€you?€Ð \Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à0Ð Ð àForty„three€(43).€€Ðä4Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àTHE€COURT:à0Ð Ð àAnd€how€much€formal€education€do€you€have?€Ð¼ Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à0Ð Ð àApproximately€fourteen€(14)€years€of€education.€€Ð”äÐ Ð  ÐÌà8  àTHE€COURT:à0Ð Ð àOkay.€€You€have€received€a€degree€in€high€school,€is€thatÐ l¼ Ðright?€ÐX ¨Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à0Ð Ð àCorrect.Ð0"€ Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àTHE€COURT:à0Ð Ð àAnd€you€have€some€post„graduate€academics,€is€that€right?€Ð$X"Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à0Ð Ð àCorrect.Ðà%0!$Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àTHE€COURT:à0Ð Ð àHave€you€ever€studied€law€in€any€way?€Ð¸'#&Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à0Ð Ð àNothing€but€within€the€jail,€no.€€Ð)à$(Ð Ð  Ðâ âÐ |*Ì%) Ðà8  àTHE€COURT:à0Ð Ð àHave€you€ever€been€represented€by€counsel€at€any€point€in€aÐ ° Ðâ âcriminal€procedure?€ÐœìÐ Ð  ÐÌà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à0Ð Ð àYes.€ÐtÄÐ Ð  ÐÌà8  àTHE€COURT:à0Ð Ð àDo€you€understand€that€there€are€rules€of€practice€in€aÐ L œ Ðcourtroom€and€there€are€certain€rules€that€I€have€in€thisÐ 8 ˆ Ðcourtroom€concerning€the€way€that€you€try€cases€in€court?Ð$ tÐ Ð  ÐÌà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à0Ð Ð àI€understand.€€Ðü L Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àTHE€COURT:à0Ð Ð àHave€you€ever€seen€the€rules€of€practice€in€this€courtroom?€ÐÔ$ Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à0Ð Ð àNo.€€€Ð¬ü Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àTHE€COURT:à0Ð Ð àOkay.€€Well,€I€will€have€you€some€prepared€and€you€can€keepÐ „Ô  Ðthose.€€You€have€never€tried€a€case€yourself,€have€you,€onÐ pÀ Ðbehalf€of€you?Ð\¬Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à0Ð Ð àYes€sir,€I€have.€€Ð4„Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àTHE€COURT:à0Ð Ð àAnd€was€that€here€in€this€court,€or€was€that€in€another?€Ð \Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à0Ð Ð àAnother€court€in€____________€County€[sic],€GeneralÐ ä4 ÐSessions€Court.€€ÐÐ Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àTHE€COURT:à0Ð Ð àSo,€you€are€familiar€with€the€settings€in€the€courtroom,€theÐ ¨ø Ðpeople€who€are€involved?€€Ð”äÐ Ð  ÐÌà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à0Ð Ð àYes.€Ðl¼Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àTHE€COURT:à0Ð Ð àYou€understand€that€the€State€of€Tennessee€will€beÐ D!” Ðrepresented€by€at€least€one€Assistant€Attorney€General?€Ð0"€ Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à0Ð Ð àI€do.€€Ð$X"Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àTHE€COURT:à0Ð Ð àAnd€they€are€not€on€your€side?€Ðà%0!$Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à0Ð Ð àNo,€I€understand€that.€Ð¸'#&Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àTHE€COURT:à0Ð Ð àTheir„„in€fact,€it€is€their€job€to€try€and€convict€you,€youÐ )à$( Ðunderstand€that?€€Ð|*Ì%)Ð Ð  ÐÐ h+¸&* Ðà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à0Ð Ð àI€understand.€€Ð°Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àTHE€COURT:à0Ð Ð àYou€have€appointed€counsel€as€of€now,€Mr.€Herman,€whoÐ ˆØ Ðrepresents€the€Public€Defenderððs€Office€for€you.€€YouÐ tÄ Ðunderstand€that€as€a€matter€of€law,€constitutional€andÐ `° Ðstatutory,€they€are€there€to€help€you,€to€look€out€for€yourÐ L œ Ðinterest?€€And€can€you€speak€up?€Ð8 ˆÐ Ð  ÐÌà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à0Ð Ð àI€understand€completely.€Ð `Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àTHE€COURT:à0Ð Ð àHave€you€considered€the€possibility€that€you€will€be€facing€aÐ è 8  Ðjury€without€the€benefit€of€any€legal€training€whatsoever?€ÐÔ$ Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à0Ð Ð àYes,€I€do.€€Ð¬ü Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àTHE€COURT:à0Ð Ð àAre€you€under€the€influence€of€any€alcohol,€drug€orÐ „Ô  Ðmedication€here€today?€ÐpÀÐ Ð  ÐÌà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à0Ð Ð àNo.€ÐH˜Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àTHE€COURT:à0Ð Ð àAre€any€„€are€you€under€any€type€of€any€threat€„€has€anyoneÐ  p Ðtried€to€coerce€you,€or€force€you€into€this€process€ofÐ  \ Ðessentially€firing€your€lawyer?€ÐøHÐ Ð  ÐÌà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à0Ð Ð àNo.€ÐÐ Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àTHE€COURT:à0Ð Ð àYou€are€doing€this€on€your€own€free„will?€Ð¨øÐ Ð  ÐÌà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à0Ð Ð àCorrect.ЀÐÐ Ð  ÐÌà8  àTHE€COURT:à0Ð Ð àYou€have€been€forensically€evaluated?€ÐX ¨Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à0Ð Ð àI€have.€Ð0"€ Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àTHE€COURT:à0Ð Ð àAnd€your€forensic€evaluation€shows€that€you€were€notÐ $X" Ðincompetent€and€that€you€were€sane€at€the€time€of€the€offense,Ð ô$D # Ðis€that€correct?€Ðà%0!$Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à0Ð Ð àThatððs€correct.и'#&Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àTHE€COURT:à0Ð Ð àAnd€you€do€agree€with€that€assessment?€€Ð)à$(Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à0Ð Ð àI€sure€do.€€Ðh+¸&*Ð Ð  Їà8  àTHE€COURT:à0Ð Ð àYou€mentioned€that€you€had€learned€some€law€here€in€thisÐ ° Ðjail„„ÐœìÐ Ð  ÐÌà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à0Ð Ð àCorrect.ÐtÄÐ Ð  ÐÌà8  àTHE€COURT:à0Ð Ð àWas€it€this€jail€or€another€jail?€€€ÐL œÐ Ð  ÐÌà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à0Ð Ð àIn€this€jail.€€€Ð$ tÐ Ð  ÐÌà8  àTHE€COURT:à0Ð Ð àAll€right.€€So,€you€have€had€the€opportunity€to€review€whatÐ ü L  Ðyou€are€charged€with,€the€elements?€Ðè 8 Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à0Ð Ð àCorrect.ÐÀ Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àTHE€COURT:à0Ð Ð àAll€right.€€I€have€no€choice€at€this€point€but€to€find€that€youÐ ˜è  Ðhave€knowingly,€intelligently€waived€your€right€to€counsel,Ð „Ô  Ðand€that€you€are€going€to€be€allowed€to€represent€yourself€atÐ pÀ Ðtrial.€€I€am€going€to€appoint€the€Public€Defenderððs€Office€toÐ \¬ Ðact€as€elbow€counsel€for€you,€which€means€they€will€not€beÐ H˜ Ðsaying€anything€on€your€behalf.€You€will€do€all€of€the€talking,Ð 4„ Ðyou€will€do€all€of€the€presentations,€you€will€do€everything€inÐ  p Ðterms€of€courtroom€work.€€They€will€be€there€to€assist€you,Ð  \ Ðand€explain€rulings€that€I€may€make€or€procedures€thatÐ øH Ðinvolve€nothing€of€their€interference€or€interruption€in€thisÐ ä4 Ðtrial,€do€you€understand€that?ÐÐ Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à0Ð Ð àI€understand.ШøÐ Ð  ÐÌà@bbìà*€€€€€€€€€€*€€€€€€€€€€*ˆÐ €Ð ÐÌà8  à[THE€COURT]:à0Ð Ð àOkay.€€All€right.€€This€case€is€scheduled€for€trial€TuesdayÐ X ¨ Ðmorning.€€Mr.€Herman,€your€office€will€act€as€elbow€counsel.€Ð D!” ÐIf€you€need€some€clarification€what€that€means,€I€will€beÐ 0"€  Ðhappy€to€make€you„„I€will€bring€you€up€to€speed€on€that.€€ButÐ #l! Ðessentially€you€will€not€assist€in€the€presentation€of€evidence,Ð $X" Ðyou€will€not€assist€in€jury€selection.€€If€Mr.€Hopson€has€anyÐ ô$D # Ðquestions€that€he€wants€to€ask€you€throughout€the€trial,€he€canÐ à%0!$ Ðask€you.€€If€he€doesnððt€want€to€ask€you€anything,€then€you€areÐ Ì&"% Ðsetting€mutual€[sic].€€Okay.€€And€I„„and€that€would€include€theÐ ¸'#& Ðremainder€of€your€office,€as€far€as€their€availability.Ф(ô#'Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  à[MR.€HERMAN]:à0Ð Ð àI€understand.Ð|*Ì%)Ð Ð  ÐÐ h+¸&* Ðà8  à[THE€COURT]:à0Ð Ð à.€.€.€I€will€tell€you,€I€donððt€like€doing€it,€I€donððt€like€doing€thisÐ ° Ðand€I€will€take€a€very€proactive€part€in€this€trial,€but€you€willÐ œì Ðbe€given€a€fair€trial.€€All€right.ЈØÐ Ð  ÐÌà  àAt€the€conclusion€of€the€above€conversation,€the€trial€court€found€that€Defendant€hadÐ `° Ðð ðknowingly€and€voluntarily€waived€his€right€to€a€lawyer.ðð€€The€trial€court€followed€with€a€cautionaryÐ L œ Ðremark€to€Defendant€that€he€was€in€his€ð ð€own€shoes€at€that€pointðð€and€that€the€Rules€of€Evidence€andÐ 8 ˆ Ðof€Criminal€Procedure€applied€to€him€ð ðthe€same€as€they€would€an€attorney,ðð€which€was€one€of€theÐ $ t Ðð ðpitfallsðð€of€self„representation.Ð  ` ÐÌò òà@ºº#ìàII.€€The€Trialó óˆÐ è 8  ÐÌà  àThe€trial€commenced€as€scheduled€on€April€11,€2000.€€The€following€facts€concerning€theÐ À  Ðcommission€of€the€crimes€for€which€Defendant€was€convicted€were€taken€from€the€proof€presentedÐ ¬ü  Ðby€the€State€at€that€time.€€At€approximately€5:00€p.m.€on€May€3,€1999,€the€Claiborne€CountyÐ ˜è  ÐSheriffððs€Department€received€a€911€emergency€call€from€a€woman€named€Patty€Johnson€in€an€areaÐ „Ô  Ðknown€as€Howardððs€Quarter€off€of€Highway€33.€€Officer€Phillip€Johnson€arrived€at€the€sceneÐ pÀ Ðsimultaneously€with€an€ambulance€from€the€Claiborne€County€Ambulance€Service€and€Officer€TomÐ \¬ ÐDaughtery,€also€with€the€Claiborne€County€Sheriffððs€Department.€€As€Officer€Johnson€approached,Ð H˜ Ðhe€observed€Patty€Johnson€and€several€other€persons€flagging€him€down€from€the€side€of€theÐ 4„ Ðhighway.€€He€pulled€up€next€to€them€and€discovered€a€woman,€later€identified€as€Gertie€Amos,€lyingÐ  p Ðon€the€road.€€Amos€had€suffered€two€stab€wounds,€one€in€her€left€arm€and€the€other€in€her€chest.€Ð  \ ÐBlood€was€coming€from€both€wounds.€€Amos€informed€Officer€Johnson€that€Defendant€had€stabbedÐ øH Ðher.€€She€pointed€across€the€highway€to€a€tobacco€barn,€where€Defendant€lived€in€a€small€room€onÐ ä4 Ðthe€left€side,€and€told€him€that€Defendant€was€still€inside.Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àOfficer€Johnson,€along€with€two€additional€officers,€walked€to€within€fifty€feet€of€the€barnÐ ¨ø Ðdoor€and€identified€themselves€with€a€loudspeaker.€€The€officers€also€asked€Defendant€to€come€outÐ ”ä Ðof€the€barn€and€talk€with€them€about€Gertie€Amos.€€They€received€no€response.€€Other€officersÐ €Ð Ðarrived,€and€some€of€the€other€officers€attempted€to€coax€Defendant€outside€without€success.€Ð l¼ ÐApproximately€one€hour€and€forty„five€minutes€later,€Officer€Johnson€walked€up€to€the€barn€andÐ X ¨ Ðpeered€inside€through€some€cracks€in€the€wall.€€He€observed€the€body€of€a€male€lying€on€the€groundÐ D!” Ðin€front€of€a€wagon.€€Ð 0"€  ÐÌà  àOfficer€Johnson€and€some€of€the€other€officers€entered€the€barn.€€Initially,€the€officersÐ $X" Ðbelieved€that€the€man€observed€lying€on€the€ground€was€Defendant.€€However,€the€wallet€andÐ ô$D # Ðdriverððs€license€recovered€from€the€body€revealed€the€person€to€be€Randall€Barnard.€€He€was€dead.€Ð à%0!$ ÐThe€officers€immediately€took€cover€and€again€called€out€for€Defendant€to€reveal€himself.€€There€wasÐ Ì&"% Ðno€response.€€One€of€the€officers€forced€open€a€door€on€the€left€side€of€the€barn€which€had€beenÐ ¸'#& Ðlocked.€€Officer€Johnson€entered€first€and€discovered€Defendant€lying€on€his€back€on€a€bed,€with€hisÐ ¤(ô#' Ðhands€behind€his€head.€€According€to€Officer€Johnson,€Defendant€was€looking€straight€at€him€whenÐ )à$( Ðhe€entered€the€room.€€Within€an€armððs€reach€of€Defendantððs€hand€was€a€ð ðXXðð€knife€with€a€brownÐ |*Ì%) Ðhandle€and€3.5€to€4€inch€blade.€€The€weapon€was€covered€in€blood,€which€was€later€determined€toÐ h+¸&* Ðbe€of€human€origin.€€(The€record€does€not€reflect€whether€DNA€tests€were€performed€on€thisÐ ° Ðevidence.)€€The€officers€ordered€Defendant€to€roll€onto€the€floor€and€then€escorted€him€outside.€€AsÐ œì ÐDefendant€walked€past€Barnardððs€body,€which€was€lying€face€up,€he€asked€the€identity€of€the€person.Ð ˆØ ÐÌà  àThe€officers€requested€permission€to€search€Defendantððs€room€and€he€consented.€€As€a€result,Ð `° Ðthe€officers€discovered€a€blue€suitcase,€a€pillow€case,€a€mattress€cover,€and€a€green€shirt„„all€wereÐ L œ Ðcovered€with€blood.€€Thereafter,€Defendant€was€taken€to€the€Claiborne€County€Sheriffððs€Department,Ð 8 ˆ Ðwhere€he€was€read€his€òòMirandaóó€rights.€€Defendant€signed€a€waiver€of€those€rights€and€gave€aÐ $ t Ðstatement.€€Officer€Johnson€testified€at€trial€that,€although€Defendant€smelled€of€alcohol,€he€appearedÐ  ` Ðcoherent€and€able€to€understand€what€was€happening€at€that€time.€€Ð ü L  ÐÌà  àGertie€Mae€Amos,€thirty„one€years€old,€testified€that€she€had€known€Defendant€forÐ Ô$  Ðapproximately€ten€to€fifteen€years€and€had€known€the€deceased€victim€ð ðfor€years.ðð€€Amos€claimedÐ À  Ðthat€she€spent€the€night€prior€to€the€incident€at€Defendantððs€residence€because€her€car€was€ð ðmessingÐ ¬ü  Ðup.ðð€€The€next€morning,€May€3,€1999,€she€and€Defendant€drove€to€the€market€to€buy€beer€and€thenÐ ˜è  Ðstopped€by€the€home€of€the€deceased€victim,€Randall€Barnard.€€They€drank€beer€for€approximatelyÐ „Ô  Ðan€hour,€then€the€three€of€them€drove€to€Defendantððs€barn.€€Amos€claimed€that€no€arguments€hadÐ pÀ Ðoccurred€between€any€of€them€thus€far.Ð \¬ ÐÌà  àSometime€after€they€arrived€at€Defendantððs€room€in€the€barn,€Amos€and€Barnard€beganÐ 4„ Ðtalking€about€Amosðð€mother,€who€was€deceased.€€Barnard€suggested€that€the€three€of€them€takeÐ  p Ðflowers€to€her€grave€someday.€€According€to€Amos,€Defendant€said€that€ð ðhe€had€heard€her€nameÐ  \ Ðmentioned€in€his€house€enough.ðð€€He€instructed€the€two€of€them€to€ð ðget€the€hell€out.ðð€€When€BarnardÐ øH Ðstood€to€leave,€however,€Defendant€ð ðjumped€up€and€went€towards€him€in€the€side€with€the€knife.ðð€Ð ä4 ÐAmos€testified€that€she€was€uncertain€whether€Defendant€stabbed€him,€but€she€saw€Barnard€fall€backÐ Ð  Ðonto€the€bed.€€Next,€Defendant€came€toward€Amos.€€He€stabbed€her€in€the€left€arm€and€said,€ð ðI€amÐ ¼  Ðgoing€to€give€you€the€same€thing€I€gave€your€mother.ðð€€Amos€ran€outside€into€the€yard.€€DefendantÐ ¨ø Ðfollowed€her€and€stabbed€her€again€in€the€breast.€€Amos€testified€that€she€fell€to€the€ground€andÐ ”ä Ðð ðplayed€dead.ðð€€Defendant€called€her€a€ð ðbitchðð€and€told€her€that€she€ð ðhad€better€lay€there€and€die.ðð€Ð €Ð ÐWhen€Defendant€returned€to€the€barn,€Amos€jumped€up€and€ran€to€the€highway€to€get€help.€€AmosÐ l¼ Ðclaimed€that€neither€she€nor€Barnard€ever€threatened€Defendant€and€that€she€had€no€idea€why€heÐ X ¨ Ðwould€react€adversely€to€Barnardððs€statement€concerning€her€mother.Ð D!” ÐÌà  àPatty€Johnson,€a€second€grade€school€teacher€in€Hancock€County,€testified€that€she€wasÐ #l! Ðvisiting€a€neighbor€when€she€first€observed€Amos.€€Amos€was€coming€from€a€driveway€across€theÐ $X" Ðhighway€from€the€neighborððs€house.€€Her€shirt€and€pants€were€covered€with€blood.€€Amos€toldÐ ô$D # ÐJohnson€that€ð ðRalphðð€had€attacked€her,€and€Johnson€immediately€dialed€911€for€assistance.Ð à%0!$ ÐÌà  àDr.€Gretel€Harlan,€a€forensic€pathologist,€testified€that€she€performed€an€autopsy€on€theÐ ¸'#& Ðvictim,€Ralph€Barnard.€€Dr.€Harlan€determined€the€cause€of€death€in€his€case€to€be€massive€blood€lossÐ ¤(ô#' Ðdue€to€two€stab€wounds.€€One€of€the€stab€wounds,€located€on€the€upper€chest,€severed€the€ascendingÐ )à$( Ðaorta,€which€usually€causes€a€person€to€ð ðbleed€outðð€within€a€matter€of€minutes.€€Death€occurs€veryÐ |*Ì%) Ðquickly€in€such€cases.€€The€second€stab€wound€punctured€the€sternum€and€entered€the€right€pleuralÐ h+¸&* Ðcavity€(where€the€right€lung€is€located).€€This€type€of€wound€typically€causes€extreme€pain,€but€notÐ ° Ðnecessarily€any€major€damage.€€Dr.€Harlan€further€testified€that€the€victimððs€blood€alcohol€(ethanol)Ð œì Ðlevel€at€the€time€of€death€was€determined€to€be€0.36.€€The€effects€on€the€body€at€this€level€usuallyÐ ˆØ Ðinclude€stupor,€slowed€reaction€time,€inability€to€walk€steadily,€and€blurred€vision.€€In€cases€whereÐ tÄ Ðthe€person€is€accustomed€to€drinking€alcohol,€the€effects€would€be€less€severe€than€a€person€whoÐ `° Ðdrinks€less€frequently.€€Ð L œ ÐÌà  àAt€the€conclusion€of€Dr.€Harlanððs€testimony,€the€State€rested€its€case.€€Following€a€conferenceÐ $ t Ðwith€his€ð ðelbow€counsel,ðð€Defendant€moved€for€a€judgment€of€acquittal.€€The€trial€court€denied€theÐ  ` Ðmotion.€€Thereafter,€Defendant€informed€the€trial€court€that€he€preferred€not€to€testify.€€He€alsoÐ ü L  Ðdeclined€to€offer€any€proof€in€his€defense.€€The€State€then€gave€its€closing€argument;€DefendantÐ è 8  Ðchose€to€also€forgo€a€closing€argument.€€The€trial€court€gave€the€jury€its€instructions,€and€it€beganÐ Ô$  Ðdeliberations.€€Twenty„four€minutes€later,€the€jury€found€Defendant€guilty€of€the€crimes€charged.Ð À  ÐÌò òà@ââìàIII.€€Sentencing€Hearingó óˆÐ ˜è  ÐÌà  àDefendant€declined€assistance€of€counsel€for€the€sentencing€hearing,€which€occurred€onÐ pÀ ÐSeptember€8,€2000.€€On€behalf€of€the€State,€Gertie€Amos€testified€that€the€injuries€she€received€fromÐ \¬ ÐDefendant€affected€her€life,€i.e.,€she€was€required€to€use€a€breathing€machine€at€home€and€carry€anÐ H˜ Ðinhaler€with€her€everywhere€she€went.€€Amos€claimed€that€the€experience€also€affected€her€ð ðnerves,ððÐ 4„ Ðbut€Defendant€had€not€expressed€any€remorse€to€her€or€offered€any€compensation€for€her€injuries.€Ð  p ÐVivian€Edwards,€the€sister€of€the€deceased€victim,€similarly€testified€that€Defendant€had€failed€toÐ  \ Ðdemonstrate€any€remorse€or€offer€compensation€in€any€form.€€In€addition,€Edwards€claimed€that€theÐ øH Ðloss€of€her€brother€caused€her€family€great€sorrow€and€that€the€funeral€arrangements€had€created€aÐ ä4 Ðfinancial€burden.Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àThereafter,€Defendant€gave€an€unsworn€statement€to€the€effect€that€he€was€ð ðsorryðð€and€thatÐ ¨ø Ðhe€considered€the€incident€unfortunate.€€He€concluded€by€giving€ð ðadvice€to€one€and€all,ðð€namely,€toÐ ”ä Ðð ðleave€alcohol€and€drugs€alone€because€thatððs€what€caused€it.€€You€donððt€mix€it.€€Leave€it€aloneÐ €Ð Ðbecause€thatððs€what€it€wound€up€causing€me€to€do.ðð€€Defendant€also€expressed€some€remorse€thatÐ l¼ Ðð ðnothing€can€change€[what€happened].ðð€€Following€Defendantððs€statement,€the€State€requested€anÐ X ¨ Ðopportunity€to€cross„examine€him.€€Defendant€agreed.€€He€was€sworn€in,€and€the€State€questionedÐ D!” Ðhim€concerning€whether€he€had€any€doubts€about€his€decision€to€represent€himself€at€trial.€Ð 0"€  ÐDefendant€stated€that€he€had€no€regrets€about€his€choice€to€not€(a)€make€an€opening€statement€or€aÐ #l! Ðclosing€argument,€(b)€conduct€direct€or€more€extensive€cross„examination€of€witnesses,€(c)€haveÐ $X" Ðassistance€of€counsel,€or€(d)€submit€defenses.€€Defendant€also€stated€that,€in€his€opinion,€he€hadÐ ô$D # Ðreceived€a€fair€trial.Ð à%0!$ ÐÌà  àWhen€the€proof€was€concluded,€the€trial€court€reviewed€certain€ð ðuncontrovertedðð€facts€withÐ ¸'#& ÐDefendant,€i.e.,€that€he€was€convicted€of€second€degree€murder,€a€Class€A€felony,€for€which€the€rangeÐ ¤(ô#' Ðof€punishment€was€fifteen€to€twenty„five€years,€with€the€presumptive€sentence€at€mid„range€or€twentyÐ )à$( Ðyears;€and€the€range€of€punishment€for€attempted€second€degree€murder€was€eight€to€twelve€years,Ð |*Ì%) Ðat€thirty€percent€release€eligibility.€€Defendant€acknowledged€that€he€was€aware€of€these€facts€andÐ h+¸&* Ðthat€he€understood€them.€€The€trial€court€also€pointed€out€that€an€attorney€from€the€public€defenderððsÐ ° Ðoffice€had€been€assigned€as€advisory€counsel€prior€to€trial€and€that€he€had€been€available€toÐ œì ÐDefendant€throughout€the€case€and€during€every€critical€stage€of€the€proceeding.Ð ˆØ ÐÌà  àThe€State€submitted€seven€enhancement€factors€for€consideration€by€the€trial€court;€threeÐ `° Ðapplied€only€to€the€attempt€offense,€and€two€applied€only€to€the€murder€charge.€€The€trial€court€askedÐ L œ ÐDefendant€whether€he€understood€the€purpose€of€the€enhancement€factors€and€whether€he€wishedÐ 8 ˆ Ðto€confer€with€elbow€counsel€at€that€point.€€Defendant€declined.€€The€trial€court€explained€toÐ $ t ÐDefendant€that€there€may€be€facts€and€circumstances€which€the€court€may€consider€to€mitigate€hisÐ  ` Ðsentence,€i.e.,€things€he€may€wish€to€present€to€the€court€which€ð ðwork€to€his€advantageðð€in€that€theÐ ü L  Ðcourt€may€find€Defendant€deserving€of€a€lesser€sentence.€€Defendant€responded,€ð ðYou€done€knowÐ è 8  Ðthe€full€set€of€circumstances€already.ðð€€The€trial€court€explained€to€Defendant€that€although€it€wasÐ Ô$  Ðaware€of€the€circumstances€surrounding€the€particular€crimes,€it€knew€very€little€about€himÐ À  Ðpersonally.€€Defendant€chose€not€to€give€the€trial€court€additional€information.€€At€this€point,€the€trialÐ ¬ü  Ðcourt€asked€the€Assistant€Public€Defender€whether€he€knew€of€anything€that€might€be€helpful.€€TheÐ ˜è  Ðattorney€replied€that€Defendant€did€not€have€an€extensive€criminal€history€and€that€two€of€theÐ „Ô  Ðenhancement€factors€submitted€by€the€State€did€not€apply.€€Thereafter,€the€trial€court€made€theÐ pÀ Ðfollowing€findings:Ð \¬ ÐÌÒ°ÒÒ°Òà ` àReviewing€the€enhancement€factors,€I€do€find€there€was€more€than€one€victim.€Ð 4„ ÐAlthough€there€are€two€separate€charges€that€cover€two€separate€victims,€I€do€believeÐ  p Ðthat€the€spirit€of€that€particular€provision€is€reflective€of€the€dangerousness€of€theÐ  \ Ðsituation€that€[Defendant]€caused.Ð øH ÐÌà ` àIððm€not€particularly€persuaded€by€the„„the€injuries€inflicted€were€particularlyÐ Ð  Ðgreat.€€Certainly€they€were€on€Mr.€Barnard,€but€I€think€the€General€tended€to€pointÐ ¼  Ðout,€as€to€Ms.€Amos,€it€would€apply€to€her.€€I€think€that€she€has€been€hurt.€€But€I€thinkÐ ¨ø Ðit€is€reflected€within€the€charge,€and€I€am€not€going€to€find€that€as€a€basis€forÐ ”ä Ðenhancing€the€sentence€or€for€raising€above€the€presumptive€minimum.€€I€am€goingÐ €Ð Ðto€find€the€defendant€employed€a€deadly€weapon€during€the€commission€of€theÐ l¼ Ðoffense.Ð X ¨ ÐÌà ` àReviewing€the€mitigating€factors€that€might€possibly€be€raised€in€this€case,€IÐ 0"€  Ðdonððt€find€any€evidence.€€I€never€heard€any€evidence€nor€argument€that€might€drawÐ #l! Ða€bead€on€any€mitigating€factors.€€So€I€do€find€that€the€remaining€enhancing€factorsÐ $X" Ðdo€outweigh€the€mitigating€factors€for€purposes€of€justifying€the€sentence€above€theÐ ô$D # Ðpresumptive€minimum.Ð à%0!$ ÐÒ°ÒÒ°ÒÌà  àThe€trial€court€then€imposed€a€sentence€of€twenty„five€years€for€the€second€degree€murderÐ ¸'#& Ðconviction€and€ten€years€for€the€attempted€second€degree€murder€conviction.€€The€court€ordered€theÐ ¤(ô#' Ðsentences€to€run€concurrently,€for€an€effective€sentence€of€twenty„five€years.Ð )à$( ÐÌÐ h+¸&* Ðò òà@òò&ìàANALYSISó óˆÐ ° ÐÌò òà@ëëìàI.€€Waiver€of€Right€to€Counseló óˆÐ ˆØ ÐÌà  àDefendant€contends€that€the€trial€courtððs€inquiry€as€to€whether€Defendant€should€representÐ `° Ðhimself€at€trial€was€not€sufficiently€thorough€to€properly€determine€whether€the€waiver€of€his€rightÐ L œ Ðto€assistance€of€counsel€was€knowing€and€intelligent.€€Defendant€contends€that,€under€òòSmith€v.€Stateóó,Ð 8 ˆ Ð987€S.W.2d€871€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1998),€a€trial€court€is€required€to€conduct€an€extensive€inquiryÐ $ t Ðas€to€a€defendantððs€ability€to€represent€himself€in€a€criminal€matter€when€he€states€his€intention€orÐ  ` Ðdesire€to€do€so.€€Defendant€maintains€that€without€such€inquiry,€is€it€impossible€to€properlyÐ ü L  Ðdetermine€whether€a€defendantððs€waiver€was€constitutionally€valid,€and,€in€this€case,€the€trial€courtððsÐ è 8  Ðfailure€to€follow€the€guidelines€provided€in€òòSmithóó€for€such€purpose€effectively€violated€his€right€toÐ Ô$  Ðcounsel.€€He€argues€that€his€conviction€should€be€reversed€therefor.€€For€the€following€reasons,€weÐ À  Ðagree.Ð ¬ü  ÐÌà  à€The€right€to€assistance€of€counsel€in€the€preparation€and€presentation€of€a€defense€to€aÐ „Ô  Ðcriminal€charge€is€grounded€in€both€the€Tennessee€and€United€States€Constitutions.€€òòSeeóó€U.S.€Const.Ð pÀ Ðamend.€VI;€Tenn.€Const.€art.€I,€ðð€9.€€There€also€exists€an€alternative€right--the€right€to€selfÐ \¬ Ðrepresentation„„which€is€necessarily€implied€by€the€structure€of€the€Sixth€Amendment.€€òòFaretta€v.Ð H˜ ÐCaliforniaóó,€422€U.S.€806,€95€S.€Ct.€2525,€45€L.€Ed.€2d€562€(1975);€òòState€v.€Northingtonóó,€667€S.W.2dÐ 4„ Ð57,€60€(Tenn.€1984).€€ð ðThe€right€to€defend€is€given€directly€to€the€accused;€for€it€is€he€who€suffersÐ  p Ðthe€consequences€if€the€defense€fails.ðð€€òòNorthingtonóó,€667€S.W.2d€at€60€(quoting€òòFarettaóó,€422€U.S.Ð  \ Ðat€821-22,€95€S.€Ct.€at€2533).Ð øH ÐÌà  àThe€exercise€of€the€right€to€self-representation€depends,€in€large€part,€upon€a€knowing€andÐ Ð  Ðintelligent€waiver€of€the€right€to€counsel.€€òòId.óó;€òòState€v.€Burkhartóó,€541€S.W.2d€365€(Tenn.€1976));€òòStateÐ ¼  Ðv.€Herrodóó,€754€S.W.2d€627,€629-630€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988).€€Consequently,€in€cases€where€theÐ ¨ø Ðaccused€states€a€desire€to€represent€himself€or€herself€at€trial,€the€trial€court€has€a€duty€to€firstÐ ”ä Ðdetermine€whether€the€waiver€is€knowing€and€intelligent.€€In€òòJohnson€v.€Zerbstóó,€304€U.S.€458,€465,Ð €Ð Ð58€S.€Ct.€1019,€82€L.€Ed.€1461€(1938),€the€United€States€Supreme€Court€placed€ð ðthe€serious€andÐ l¼ Ðweighty€responsibility€.€.€.€of€determining€whether€there€is€an€intelligent€and€competent€waiverððÐ X ¨ Ðdirectly€upon€the€trial€judge.€€More€specific€guidelines€were€subsequently€established€in€òòVon€MoltkeÐ D!” Ðv.€Gilliesóó,€332€U.S.€708,€723-724,€68€S.€Ct.€316,€323,€92€L.€Ed.€309€(1948),€wherein€the€SupremeÐ 0"€  ÐCourt€stated€thatÐ #l! ÐÌà8  à[A]€judge€must€investigate€as€long€and€as€thoroughly€as€the€circumstances€of€the€caseÐ ô$D # Ðbefore€him€demand.€€The€fact€that€an€accused€may€tell€him€that€he€is€informed€of€hisÐ à%0!$ Ðright€to€counsel€and€desires€to€waive€this€right€does€not€automatically€end€the€judge'sÐ Ì&"% Ðresponsibility.€€To€be€valid€such€waiver€must€be€made€òòwith€an€apprehension€of€theÐ ¸'#& Ðnature€of€the€charges,€the€statutory€offenses€included€within€them,€the€range€ofÐ ¤(ô#' Ðallowable€punishments€thereunder,€possible€defenses€to€the€charges€andÐ )à$( Ðcircumstances€in€mitigation€thereof,€and€all€other€facts€essential€to€a€broadÐ |*Ì%) Ðunderstanding€of€the€whole€matteróó.€€A€judge€can€make€certain€that€an€accused'sÐ h+¸&* Ðprofessed€waiver€of€counsel€is€understandingly€and€wisely€made€only€from€aÐ ° Ðpenetrating€and€comprehensive€examination€of€all€the€circumstances€under€whichÐ œì Ðsuch€a€plea€is€tendered.ЈØÐ Ð  ÐÌ(Emphasis€added.)Ð `° ÐÌà  àSimilarly,€Rule€44(a)€of€Tennesseeððs€Rules€of€Criminal€Procedure€states€the€following:Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌà8  àEvery€indigent€defendant€shall€be€entitled€to€have€counsel€assigned€in€all€mattersÐ  ` Ðnecessary€to€the€defense€and€at€every€stage€of€the€proceedings,€unless€the€defendantÐ ü L  Ðexecutes€a€written€waiver.€€Before€accepting€such€waiver€the€court€shall€first€adviseÐ è 8  Ðthe€accused€in€open€court€of€the€right€to€the€aid€of€counsel€at€every€stage€of€theÐ Ô$  Ðproceedings.€€The€court€shall,€at€the€same€time,€determine€whether€there€has€been€aÐ À  Ðcompetent€and€intelligent€waiver€of€such€right€by€inquiring€into€the€background,Ð ¬ü  Ðexperience€and€conduct€of€the€accused€and€such€other€matters€as€the€court€may€deemÐ ˜è  Ðappropriate.€€Any€waiver€accepted€shall€be€spread€upon€the€minutes€of€the€court€andÐ „Ô  Ðmade€a€part€of€the€record€of€the€cause.ÐpÀÐ Ð  ÐÌà  àClearly,€the€trial€court€is€obligated€to€conduct€a€fairly€intensive€investigation€into€theÐ H˜ Ðaccusedððs€ability€to€represent€himself€when€the€issue€is€raised.€€In€òòSmith€v.€Stateóó,€€987€S.W.2d€871Ð 4„ Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1998),€this€Court€recommended€that€in€cases€where€a€defendant€aspires€to€proceedÐ  p Ðòòproóó€òòseóó,€the€trial€court€should€conduct€its€inquiry€in€accordance€with€the€guidelines€contained€in€1Ð  \ ÐòòBench€Book€for€United€States€District€Judgesóó€1.02-2€to€-5€(3d€ed.1986)€(for€ease€of€reference,€theÐ øH Ðguidelines€were€reprinted€in€the€appendix€to€òòSmithóó).Ð ä4 ÐÌà  àDefendant€relies€in€large€part€on€òòSmithóó€(and€the€guidelines€contained€in€its€appendix)€for€hisÐ ¼  Ðargument€that€the€inquiry€conducted€by€the€trial€court€in€his€case€was€not€sufficiently€extensive€toÐ ¨ø Ðensure€that€his€waiver€of€the€right€to€counsel€was€knowingly€and€intelligently€made.€€According€toÐ ”ä Ðthe€facts€set€forth€in€òòSmithóó,€upon€receiving€notice€that€the€defendant€wanted€to€represent€himself,€theÐ €Ð Ðtrial€judge€affirmed€that€he€had€that€right€and€provided€him€with€copies€of€the€indictments€againstÐ l¼ Ðhim.€€òòId.óó€at€872.€€Later,€the€defendant€informed€the€trial€judge€that€he€had€negotiated€a€pleaÐ X ¨ Ðagreement€and€wanted€to€waive€his€right€to€a€jury€trial.€€At€this€point,€the€trial€judge€asked€himÐ D!” Ðwhether€he€was€aware€of€his€right€to€counsel€and€informed€him€that€the€court€would€appoint€anÐ 0"€  Ðattorney€to€assist€with€his€defense€if€he€could€not€afford€one.€€The€defendant€waived€those€rights€andÐ #l! Ðrestated€his€desire€to€proceed€òòproóó€òòseóó.€€The€trial€judge€accepted€his€waiver€of€the€rights€to€assistanceÐ $X" Ðof€counsel€and€a€jury€trial,€and€then€inquired€as€to€his€age,€education,€physical€and€mental€health.€Ð ô$D # ÐòòId.óó€at€873.€€The€defendant€answered€the€questions€and€stated€that€he€was€not€under€the€influence€ofÐ à%0!$ Ðany€intoxicants,€at€the€time€of€the€crime€or€that€particular€moment.€€The€trial€judge€then€advised€theÐ Ì&"% Ðdefendant€of€the€maximum€sentence€length€possible,€found€his€guilty€pleas€voluntary,€and€imposedÐ ¸'#& Ðthe€agreed„upon€sentences.€€Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÌà  àOn€appeal,€a€panel€of€this€Court€set€aside€the€òòSmithóó€defendantððs€conviction€and€remanded€theÐ |*Ì%) Ðcause€for€a€new€trial.€€The€reversal€was€predicated€on€this€Courtððs€conclusion€that,€under€the€existingÐ h+¸&* Ðguidelines,€the€trial€courtððs€pre„trial€inquiry€into€the€matter€ð ðshould€have€been€more€extensive.ðð€€òòId.óóÐ ° Ðat€877.€€Specifically,€the€trial€courtððs€inquiry€was€found€inadequate€based€upon€the€following:€thereÐ œì Ðwere€no€warnings€of€the€pitfalls€of€self„representation;€the€waiver€was€accepted€without€asking€aboutÐ ˆØ Ðthe€defendantððs€background,€education,€or€experience€with€the€court€system;€no€questions€were€askedÐ tÄ Ðregarding€his€understanding€of€lesser€offenses€or€the€elements€of€the€offenses€charged;€defendant€wasÐ `° Ðnot€asked€whether€he€understood€available€defenses€or€the€range€of€possible€punishments;€and,€mostÐ L œ Ðimportantly,€the€trial€court€failed€to€warn€the€defendant€that€self„representation€was€ð ðunwise.ðð€€òòId.óóÐ 8 ˆ Ðat€876.€€Ð $ t ÐÌà  àA€similar€issue€was€presented€in€òòState€v.€Northingtonóó,€667€S.W.2d€57€(Tenn.€1984),€whereinÐ ü L  Ðour€supreme€court€held€that€the€trial€court€had€ð ðððwholly€failedðð€to€properly€investigate€[whether]€theÐ è 8  Ðdefendant€understood€the€consequences€of€self-representation€in€light€of€the€òòVon€Moltkeóó€factors.ðð€Ð Ô$  ÐòòId.óó€at€61.€€In€òòNorthingtonóó,€the€facts€in€the€opinion€revealed€that€the€trial€court€had€discussed€theÐ À  Ðseriousness€of€the€charges;€advised€the€defendant€that,€if€he€undertook€to€represent€himself,€he€wouldÐ ¬ü  Ðbe€held€to€the€same€standard€as€a€lawyer;€ensured€that€the€defendant€had€discussed€the€case€with€hisÐ ˜è  Ðappointed€attorney;€determined€the€age€and€education€of€the€accused;€and€warned€the€defendant€thatÐ „Ô  Ðproceeding€òòproóó€òòseóó€was€unwise.€€òòId.óó€at€59.€€€Notwithstanding€these€measures,€our€supreme€court€setÐ pÀ Ðaside€the€conviction€because€the€trial€court€had€ð ðfailed€to€diligently€examine€the€defendantððsÐ \¬ Ðbackground€and€experience,€failed€to€notify€defendant€as€to€the€possible€extent€of€any€penitentiaryÐ H˜ Ðsentence,€and€failed€to€elaborate€fully€to€defendant€why€he€thought€it€ððunwiseðð€to€waive€counsel.ðð€Ð 4„ ÐòòId.óó€at€61.€€Ð  p ÐÌà  àBy€contrast,€a€panel€of€this€court€found€a€valid€waiver€of€the€defendantððs€right€to€counsel€inÐ øH ÐòòState€v.€Goodwinóó,€909€S.W.2d€35€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€In€that€case,€the€trial€court€inquired€asÐ ä4 Ðto€Goodwinððs€age€and€education;€warned€him€that€proceeding€òòproóó€òòseóó€would€cause€confusion;Ð Ð  Ðinformed€him€that€an€attorney€would€be€provided€to€assist€him€with€pretrial€proceedings€andÐ ¼  Ðthroughout€the€appellate€process,€if€necessary;€and€cautioned€him€that€he€would€not€have€access€toÐ ¨ø Ða€law€library€and€that€his€advisory€counsel€was€not€required€to€provide€him€with€copies€of€relevantÐ ”ä Ðlegal€materials.€€òòId.óó€at€40.€€The€trial€judge€further€informed€him€that€the€trial€would€proceed€at€theÐ €Ð Ðsame€pace€as€it€would€if€he€had€appointed€counsel,€that€he€would€not€have€an€opportunity€to€conferÐ l¼ Ðwith€advisory€counsel€for€every€question,€and€that€he€was€responsible€for€understanding€the€rules€ofÐ X ¨ Ðevidence€and€local€rules€of€court.€€òòId.óó€at€41.€€As€a€litigant,€Goodwin€was€cautioned€that€he€wouldÐ D!” Ðhave€ð ðno€greater€right€than€any€other€litigant,ðð€but€treated€the€same€as€if€he€were€represented€byÐ 0"€  Ðcounsel.€€òòId.óó€€On€appeal,€this€Court€found€that€the€defendant€had€clearly€demonstrated€that€ð ðhe€knewÐ #l! Ðwhat€he€needed€to€obtain€to€mount€a€defense€and€the€problems€that€he€would€encounter.ðð€€He€hadÐ $X" Ðtestified€to€previous€experience€with€the€judicial€system€and€was€also€adamant€that€he€representÐ ô$D # Ðhimself€at€trial.€€Consequently,€this€court€concluded€that€Goodwinòòóó€ð ðclearly€understood€the€hazardsÐ à%0!$ Ðof€representing€himself,ðð€and€that€he€had€sufficient€knowledge€of€what€he€was€getting€into€toÐ Ì&"% Ðknowingly€and€intelligently€waive€his€right€to€counsel.€€òòId.óó€at€40„41.à  à€Ð ¸'#& ÐÌà  àConsidering€all€of€the€above,€we€first€find€the€trial€judgeððs€investigation€insufficient€toÐ )à$( Ðdetermine€whether€Defendant€adequately€understood€the€consequences€of€self-representation€in€lightÐ |*Ì%) Ðof€the€òòVon€Moltkeóó€factors.€€The€trial€judge€in€Defendantððs€case€did€not€ensure€that€the€waiver€wasÐ h+¸&* Ðmade€with€an€apprehension€of€the€nature€of€the€charges€or€of€the€lesser„included€offenses€includedÐ ° Ðwithin€them.€€The€trial€judge€stated€the€charged€offenses€and€asked€Defendant€only€whether€he€hadÐ œì Ðan€opportunity€to€review€the€elements„„the€range€of€allowable€punishments€thereunder€was€notÐ ˆØ Ðmentioned.€€The€trial€court€did€not€go€over€the€specific€elements€of€the€charged€offenses€or€anyÐ tÄ Ðlesser„included€offenses.€€In€addition,€the€pre„trial€inquiry€contains€no€discussion€of€possibleÐ `° Ðdefenses€to€the€charges€or€of€what€circumstances€may€be€considered€in€mitigation€thereof.€€In€short,Ð L œ Ðthe€inquiry€which€should€enable€the€judge€to€ð ðmake€certain€that€an€accusedððs€professed€waiver€ofÐ 8 ˆ Ðcounsel€is€understandingly€and€wisely€made,ðð€fell€short€of€being€ð ðpenetrating€and€comprehensiveÐ $ t Ðof€all€the€circumstances€under€which€such€a€plea€is€tendered.ðð€€òòVon€Moltkeóó,€332€U.S.€at€723„24.Ð  ` ÐÌà  àComparing€relevant€Tennessee€case€law€to€the€case€òòsubóó€òòjudiceóó,€we€conclude€that€the€trialÐ è 8  Ðcourtððs€inquiry€more€closely€resembles€the€probes€conducted€in€òòNorthingtonóó€and€òòSmithóó,€rather€thanÐ Ô$  ÐòòGoodwinóó.€€First€and€foremost,€the€warnings€given€Defendant€concerning€the€ð ðpitfallsðð€ofÐ À  Ðself-representation€were€inadequate€to€sufficiently€apprize€Defendant€of€the€hazards€involved€in€suchÐ ¬ü  Ðan€enterprise.€€Instead€of€enlightening€Defendant€as€to€precisely€what€types€of€hurdles€he€wouldÐ ˜è  Ðencounter,€as€in€òòGoodwinóó,€the€trial€judge€informed€Defendant€that€he€was€ð ðstrongly€trying€toÐ „Ô  Ðdissuade€[him]ðð€from€representing€himself,ðð€then€failed€to€elaborate€with€any€specifics.€€The€trialÐ pÀ Ðjudge€pointed€out€that€the€prosecutor€would€try€to€convict€him€and€that€he€would€be€ð ðfacing€a€juryÐ \¬ Ðwithout€benefit€of€any€legal€training€whatsoever.ðð€€The€trial€judge€cautioned€Defendant€that€he€wouldÐ H˜ Ðbe€in€his€ð ðown€shoesðð€during€the€trial,€i.e.,€he€would€do€all€of€the€talking€and€presentations,€and€alsoÐ 4„ Ðbe€responsible€for€following€the€rules€of€procedure€and€evidence.€Ð  p ÐÌà  àAs€for€the€inquiry€into€Defendantððs€background,€education,€and€experience€with€the€courtÐ øH Ðsystem,€the€trial€judgeððs€questions€were€not€diligent€to€the€extent€that€it€was€evident€Defendant€hadÐ ä4 Ða€broad€understanding€of€the€matter€at€hand.€€In€response€to€questions€from€the€trial€judge,€DefendantÐ Ð  Ðstated€that€he€was€forty„three€years€of€age€and€a€high€school€graduate€with€some€college.€€He€alsoÐ ¼  Ðclaimed€to€have€had€some€experience€representing€himself,€but€the€trial€judge€did€not€question€himÐ ¨ø Ðfurther€on€this€issue€(the€presentence€investigation€report€reveals€only€one€prior€DUI€conviction€inÐ ”ä Ð1999).€€Defendant€further€confessed€that€he€was€essentially€unfamiliar€with€any€ð ðrules€of€practice.ðð€Ð €Ð ÐSimilarly€to€òòNorthingtonóó€and€òòSmithóó,€no€questions€were€asked€regarding€his€understanding€of€lesserÐ l¼ Ðoffenses,€the€elements€of€the€offenses€charged€and€their€lesser„included€offenses,€the€defensesÐ X ¨ Ðavailable€to€him,€or€the€range€of€possible€punishments.€Ð D!” ÐÌà  àAs€previously€noted,€this€Court€has€recommended€that€the€trial€judge€question€a€defendantÐ #l! Ðwho€wishes€to€proceed€òòproóó€òòseóó€according€to€the€guidelines€contained€in€1€òòBench€Book€for€UnitedÐ $X" ÐStates€District€Judgesóó€1.02-2€to€-5€(3d€ed.1986).€€For€ease€of€reference,€the€guidelines€were€reprintedÐ ô$D # Ðin€the€appendix€to€the€Smith€opinion,€òòsupraóó.€€A€thorough€review€of€the€suggested€inquiries€revealsÐ à%0!$ Ðthat€the€trial€judge€in€Defendantððs€case€failed€to€ask€a€€number€of€consequential€questions.€€QuestionsÐ Ì&"% Ð(g)€through€(j),€concerning€familiarity€with€the€various€bodies€of€rules€which€are€of€significantÐ ¸'#& Ðimportance€to€courtroom€procedure€and€a€just€result,€e.g.,€ð ðHave€you€ever€seen€the€rules€of€practiceÐ ¤(ô#' Ðin€this€courtroom?ðð€were€of€little€value€without€follow„up€inquiry.€€Questions€(d)€and€(e)€deal€withÐ )à$( Ðpunishment:€fines€and€consecutive€sentencing,€respectively.€€These€two€issues€are€clearly€important,Ð |*Ì%) Ðbut€were€left€out€by€the€trial€judge.€€Question€(k),€having€to€do€with€presentation€of€a€defendantððsÐ h+¸&* Ðown€testimony,€was€also€disregarded.€€The€questions€in€the€guideline€which€were€asked,€left€theÐ ° Ðissues€undeveloped€to€any€material€extent.€€ð ðA€mere€routine€inquiry--the€asking€of€several€standardÐ œì Ðquestions€followed€by€the€signing€of€a€standard€written€waiver€of€counsel--may€leave€a€judge€entirelyÐ ˆØ Ðunaware€of€the€facts€essential€to€an€informed€decision€that€an€accused€has€executed€a€valid€waiverÐ tÄ Ðof€his€right€to€counsel.ðð€€òòVon€Moltkeóó,€332€U.S.€at€724,€68€S.Ct.€at€323.€€The€record€reflects€that€a€fewÐ `° Ðissues€which€should€have€been€addressed€were€raised€to€some€degree€at€different€points€later€in€theÐ L œ Ðtrial€or€during€the€sentencing€proceedings.€€However,€ð ð[a]€valid€waiver,€if€there€is€one,€is€made€priorÐ 8 ˆ Ðto€trial€or€not€at€all.ðð€€òòNorthingtonóó,€667€S.W.2d€at€62€(citation€omitted).€€Ð $ t ÐÌà  àThe€State€contends€that€the€trial€judgeððs€inquiry€satisfied€the€constitutional€requirements€forÐ ü L  Ða€knowing€and€intelligent€waiver€of€the€right€to€counsel.€€The€State€cites€no€case€law€other€thanÐ è 8  ÐòòSmithóó€for€this€argument,€however.€€We€therefore€disagree€with€the€State€for€the€reasons€stated€herein.Ð Ô$  ÐÌà  àWe€acknowledge€that,€at€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€Defendant€testified€during€cross„Ð ¬ü  Ðexamination€by€the€State,€that€he€felt€as€though€he€had€received€a€fair€trial.€€Defendant€also€testifiedÐ ˜è  Ðthat€he€had€no€regrets€about€his€choices€to€not€make€an€opening€statement€or€a€closing€argument,Ð „Ô  Ðconduct€direct€examination€of€witnesses€or€more€extensive€cross„examination€of€Stateððs€witnesses,Ð pÀ Ðor€to€have€assistance€of€counsel€or€to€submit€defenses€to€the€charges.€€However,€as€noted€above,€inÐ \¬ ÐòòNorthingtonóó,€our€supreme€court€stated€that€a€valid€waiver€is€made€prior€to€trial€or€not€at€all.€€AÐ H˜ Ðdefendantððs€belief€at€the€time€of€his€sentencing€hearing€that€he€received€a€fair€trial€does€not€negateÐ 4„ Ðthe€fact€that€he€did€not€execute€a€ð ðknowing€and€voluntaryðð€waiver€of€his€constitutional€right€toÐ  p Ðcounsel€prior€to€trial.€€Ð  \ ÐÌà  àIn€conclusion,€we€find€that€the€trial€judge€failed€to€determine€whether€Defendantððs€waiverÐ ä4 Ðof€the€right€to€assistance€of€counsel€was€knowing€and€intelligent,€according€to€factors€set€forth€inÐ Ð  Ðpublished€opinions.€€As€a€result,€the€convictions€must€be€reversed€and€the€cases€remanded€for€a€newÐ ¼  Ðtrial.Ð ¨ø ÐÌà@€€#ìàò òII.€€Sentencingó óˆÐ €Ð ÐÌà  àDefendant€also€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€determining€his€sentence€for€the€secondÐ X ¨ Ðdegree€murder€conviction.€€His€contention€is€based€on€the€fact€that€the€trial€court€gave€him€theÐ D!” Ðmaximum€sentence€for€the€murder€conviction,€and€imposed€a€less€than€maximum€sentence€for€hisÐ 0"€  Ðconviction€of€the€attempt€offense.€€We€agree€that€the€sentencing€in€this€case€was€not€determinedÐ #l! Ðproperly,€but€our€decision€is€based€on€other€grounds.€€Ð $X" ÐÌà  àWhen€€a€defendant€appeals€the€length,€range,€or€manner€of€service€of€his€or€her€sentence,€itÐ à%0!$ Ðis€this€Courtððs€duty€to€conduct€a€€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€of€the€record€with€a€presumption€the€trial€courtððsÐ Ì&"% Ðdeterminations€are€correct.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€The€presumption€of€correctness€isÐ ¸'#& Ðconditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencingÐ ¤(ô#' Ðprinciples€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances.€€òòState€v.€Pettusóó,€986€S.W.2d€540,€543„44€(Tenn.Ð )à$( Ðâ â1999).€€A€defendant€who€challenges€his€or€her€sentence€has€the€burden€of€proving€the€sentence€Ð |*Ì%) Ðimposed€by€the€trial€court€is€improper.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401,€Sentencing€CommissionÐ ° ÐComments;€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).Ð œì Ðâ âÌà  àAlthough€the€trial€court€was€not€clear€regarding€what€factors€it€applied€to€what€offenses,€itÐ tÄ Ðappears€from€the€record€that€the€trial€court€applied€enhancement€factor€(3),€appropriate€where€ð ð[t]heÐ `° Ðoffense€involved€more€than€one€(1)€victim,ðð€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(3),€and€enhancementÐ L œ Ðfactor€(9),€appropriate€where€ð ð[t]he€defendant€possessed€or€employed€a€firearm,€explosive€device€orÐ 8 ˆ Ðother€deadly€weapon€during€the€commission€of€the€offense,€òòid.óó€ðð€40„35„114(9),€to€his€sentences€forÐ $ t Ðboth€convictions.€€The€trial€court€also€considered€applying€enhancement€factor€(6),€applicable€whereÐ  ` Ðð ð[t]he€personal€injuries€inflicted€upon€or€the€amount€of€damage€to€property€sustained€by€or€takenÐ ü L  Ðfrom€the€victim€was€particularly€great,ðð€òòid.óó€ðð€40„35„114(6),€but€declined€to€do€so€because€it€believedÐ è 8  Ðserious€bodily€injury€to€be€embodied€in€the€two€charges.€€As€for€mitigating€factors,€the€trial€courtÐ Ô$  Ðfound€none€applicable.Ð À  ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€erred€in€its€use€of€enhancement€factor€(3),€applied€on€the€ground€that€thereÐ ˜è  Ðwere€more€than€one€victim.€€The€application€of€factor€(3)€is€improper€where€the€defendant€isÐ „Ô  Ðconvicted€of€an€offense€that€can€only€have€one€victim.€€òòState€v.€Imfeldóó,€70€S.W.3d€698,€706€(Tenn.Ð pÀ Ð2002)€(ð ðthere€cannot€be€multiple€victims€for€any€one€offense€.€.€.€committed€against€a€specific,€namedÐ \¬ Ðvictimðð).€€Since€Defendant€was€convicted€for€a€separate€offense€(which€could€have€only€one€victim)Ð H˜ Ðinvolving€each€named€victim,€use€of€this€factor€is€inappropriate.Ð 4„ ÐÌà  àEnhancement€factor€(9)€was€clearly€applied€correctly,€based€on€Defendantððs€use€of€a€deadlyÐ  \ Ðweapon„„in€this€case,€a€knife€with€a€3.5€to€4€inch€blade.€€We€note€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€itsÐ øH Ðcomments€concerning€enhancement€factor€(6)€as€it€relates€to€the€attempted€second€degree€murderÐ ä4 Ðconviction.€€The€trial€court€determined€this€factor€inapplicable€to€Defendantððs€sentence€for€theÐ Ð  Ðattempt€offense€because€serious€bodily€injury€was€ð ðreflectedðð€in€the€charge.€€It€is€not.€€Neither€is€itÐ ¼  Ðan€element€of€the€offense.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„12„101,€39„13„210€(1997).€€Moreover,€theÐ ¨ø Ðserious€nature€of€the€injuries€sustained€by€Gertie€Amos€were€sufficiently€proven€at€trial€and€at€theÐ ”ä Ðsentencing€hearing.€€Accordingly,€factor€(6)€is€applicable€to€the€sentence€for€attempted€second€degreeÐ €Ð Ðmurder€under€the€circumstances€presented€here.€€Ð l¼ ÐÌà  àUnder€the€record€presented,€we€find€no€mitigating€factors€applicable.€€This€matter€may€beÐ D!” Ðaddressed,€if€necessary,€after€Defendantððs€new€trial.€€Even€if€a€new€trial€was€not€warranted€in€thisÐ 0"€  Ðcase,€the€trial€courtððs€erroneous€application€of€enhancement€factor€(3)€and€non„application€of€factorÐ #l! Ð(6)€would€require€that€we€remand€the€matter€for€a€new€sentencing€hearing€to€apply€the€properÐ $X" Ðsentencing€factors.Ð ô$D # ÐÌà  àAs€a€final€matter,€we€shall€address€a€number€of€discrepancies€revealed€during€our€review€ofÐ Ì&"% Ðthe€record.€€Counts€1€and€2,€charging€second€degree€murder€and€attempted€second€degree€murder,Ð ¸'#& Ðrespectively,€each€use€the€correct€language€in€alleging€the€charge,€but€the€statute€code€number€isÐ ¤(ô#' Ðincorrect.€€Specifically,€both€counts€cite€the€statutory€number€for€first€degree€murder,€Tenn.€CodeÐ )à$( ÐAnn.€ðð€39„13„202,€rather€than€second€degree€murder,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„210.€€Likewise,€theÐ |*Ì%) Ðback€side€of€the€indictment€contains€an€error:€count€2€is€noted€as€a€charge€of€ð ðAttempted€òòfirstóó€degreeÐ h+¸&* Ðmurder,ðð€rather€than€ð ðAttempted€second€degree€murder.ðð€€Therefore,€the€indictment€should€beÐ ° Ðamended€to€reflect€the€proper€charge€and€statute€code€numbers.Ð œì ÐÌò òà@FF%ìàCONCLUSIONó óˆÐ tÄ ÐÌà  àFor€the€forgoing€reasons,€we€reverse€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€and€remand€this€matterÐ L œ Ðfor€a€new€trial.€Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à____________________________________Ð  ` Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àTHOMAS€T.€WOODALL,€JUDGE