ÿWPCð =# fUNq %¿ 0(Åw@í4-A 0ˆP 0DØ D3$ÆWÆÆãÆ© 0Jo 0T¹ 0^ 0hk 0rÓ 0|E BÁ 0†Þ 0@d 0¤ D+4 0K_ 1uª AOÆn 0D4 0Dx D/¼ Bë A© 0d±U>U*SB)}DC¦ AOéè8 v~ŸvÓ˜HP LaserJet 4HPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLhÎ(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡ \_D`abDcUdeEfgÓ€Úƒç"3|xr(8(2¨$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÒ4°ÒÒX°Òà Œ àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó'ÿÿdxdLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 52 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô d2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô'ÈÈÈÈdxd( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó " ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)'!)*Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó++'÷ÿ dxdüÿP Pd!$#›&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d66667Border 1dd'!$7Cþÿ << Gÿÿ ÞÝ ƒ!ÝÔ€4ÔÝ  ÝÔ€5ÔÔ€5ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€5XÔÌÌò òJuly€8,€1997ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€5ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó uÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€4ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $ÝÒ 4 ÒÒ X Òà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€4ôÔÔ€5ÔWhile€some€pleadings€refer€to€the€defendant€as€"Terry€L.€Hopson,"€it€is€the€policy€of€thisÏcourt€to€refer€to€the€defendant€as€her€name€appears€on€the€indictment.ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€4ÔÝ  Ý›Ñ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ ° ÒÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑòòÓ  ÓÔ€5ÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑÞ ÞÌIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEóó̜ـ'ÙßR€897A1-j|` Å `€€@ÿRß›à@ àÌòòAT€KNOXVILLE€óóÌà@ àÌJANUARY€1997€SESSIONÌÓ  ÓÌÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà à*à àC.C.A.€#€03C01„9601„CC„00007€ÌÌà àAppellee,à àà àà à*à àWASHINGTON€COUNTYÌÌVS.à àà àà àà àà à*à àHonorable€Arden€L.€Hill,€JudgeÌÌTERI€L.€HOPSON,à àà àà à*à à(DUI€Second€Offense)ÌÌà àAppellant.à àà àà à*ÌÌòòÌFor€Appellant:óóà àà àà àà àòòFor€Appellee:óóÌÌJames€T.€Bowmanà àà àà àà àCharles€W.€BursonÌAttorney€at€Lawà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÌ128€East€Market€StreetÌJohnson€City,€TN€€37604à àà àà àGlenn€EriksonÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493à àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àJoe€CrumleyÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àP.O.€Box€38Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àJonesborough,€TN€€37659Ìà àà àà àÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€€_____________________òòÌóóÌÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌÌÌGARY€R.€WADE,€JUDGEÔ€4ÔÇòòò òÓ  ÓÔ€5ÔÑ7€ìÉXXdðXXdð7ÑOPINIONó óóóÌÓ  ÓÌÓÓà àà àThe€defendant,€Teri€L.€Hopson,× ƒ: ××  ×€was€convicted€after€a€bench€trial€ofÏœDUI›€second€offense.€€The€trial€court€sentenced€her€to€eleven€months,€twenty„nineÏdays;€the€defendant€is€to€serve€forty„five€days€in€jail€at€100€percent€with€theÏpossibility€for€work€release.€€Her€œdriver's›€license€was€revoked€for€two€years.€€ProofÏon€a€defense€motion€to€suppress€evidence€was€presented€during€the€course€of€theÏbench€trial;€a€ruling€that€the€arrest€was€lawful€was€made€at€the€conclusion€of€theÏtrial.€ÌÌà àà àThe€sole€issue€on€appeal€is€whether€the€defendant€was€lawfullyÏarrested€for€a€misdemeanor€offense,€where€the€arresting€officer€did€not€witness€theÏcommission€of€the€offense.€€Because€we€believe€the€arrest€was€proper,€theÏjudgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.€€ÌÌà àà àOn€September€1,€1994,€Officer€Larry€Robbins€of€the€Johnson€CityÏPolice€Department€was€working€off€duty€as€a€security€guard€at€a€Krystal€RestaurantÏwhen€he€observed€the€defendant€drive€her€vehicle€into€the€parking€lot.€€The€officerÏdescribed€the€defendant's€driving€as€follows:ÌÒ 4 ÒÒ  ÒÒ ä ÒÒ  ÒÓÓMiss€Hopson€was€turning€off€of€Market€Street€œonto€...ÏFranklin.›€€She€was€in€the€left€hand€lane,€there's€two€turnÏlanes.€€Miss€Hopson's€vehicle€cut€across€from€the€leftÏhand€lane€into€the€right€hand€lane€in€front€of€anotherÏvehicle€and€that's€the€one€that€blew€the€horn€at€her.€€AndÏthen€she€turned€into€the€[K]rystal's€parking€lot.€€As€sheÏturned€in€she€[ran]€over€the€curb€....ÌÌÒ 4 ÒÒ  ÒÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÓÓÌà àà àOfficer€Robbins€notified€the€dispatcher€to€direct€an€on„duty€officer€toÏinvestigate€a€possible€drunk€driver.€€Meanwhile,€the€defendant€had€made€a€call€onÏa€pay€telephone€and€began€to€walk€across€the€parking€lot.€€Officer€Robbins,€whoÏwas€in€uniform,€then€asked€her€to€wait€for€the€on„duty€officer.€€The€officerÏacknowledged€that€the€defendant,€due€to€her€impairment,€was€not€free€to€leave€inÏher€vehicle.€€Officer€Robbins,€who€had€been€trained€in€DUI€enforcement€and€theÏuse€of€field€sobriety€tests,€waited€at€the€scene€until€Officer€Lori€Cox€was€able€toÏadminister€the€tests.€€He€witnessed€the€defendant's€poor€performance.€€€€€€€€ÌÌà àà àOn€cross„examination,€Officer€Robbins€testified€that€he€had€notÏarrested€the€defendant€and€had€not€physically€restrained€her€in€any€fashion.€€HeÏstated€that€the€defendant,€after€concluding€her€telephone€call,€walked€towards€theÏrestaurant€rather€than€towards€her€car;€thus,€he€concluded€that€the€defendant€didÏnot€intend€to€drive€away€at€that€moment.€€On€redirect,€however,€Officer€RobbinsÍreiterated€that€he€would€not€have€allowed€the€defendant€to€leave€in€her€condition.ÌÌà àà àOfficer€Lori€Cox€testified€that€upon€her€arrival€at€the€scene,€OfficerÏRobbins€informed€her€that€he€had€seen€the€defendant€drive€in€a€reckless€manner.€ÏOfficer€Cox,€who€acknowledged€that€she€never€saw€the€defendant€drive€her€car,Ïsmelled€alcohol€on€her€breath.€€The€defendant€admitted€that€she€had€been€drinkingÏand€informed€Officer€Cox€that€she€had€stopped€to€use€a€phone.€€When€theÏdefendant€performed€poorly€on€the€field€tests,€Officer€Cox€took€her€to€the€jail.€€WhileÏthere,€the€defendant€failed€œadditional›€field€tests.ÌÌà àà àThe€trial€court€ruled€that€the€arrest€had€been€lawful€and€found€theÏdefendant€guilty€of€DUI€second€offense:ÌÒ 4 ÒÒ  ÒÒ ä ÒÒ  ÒÓÓI€don't€think€that€Officer€Cox€saw€enough€to€arrest€theÏdefendant,€because€she€was€not€in€control€of€theÏautomobile,€and€while€she€was€on€a€public€parkingÏplace€that€met€the€criteria€of€one€of€the€elements,€andÏthat€in€my€opinion€she€was€under€the€influence€of€anÏintoxicant€because€of€her€failure€to€pass€the€sobrietyÏtests.€€But€she€did€not€commit€driving€under€the€influenceÏof€an€intoxicant€in€the€presence€of€Miss€Cox.€€Now,€in€myÏopinion€she€did€do€actions€before€Officer€Robbins,€andÏthen€he€detained€her,€and€then€Officer€Cox€investigatedÏand€determined€as€to€exact€what„„what€she€should€beÏcharged€with.€€And€here€we€have€an€officer€in€uniform,Ïwhether€he's€a€private€citizen€or€an€officer€that'sÏdetained€her€and€turned€her€over€to€another€officer€isÍalmost€immaterial.€€I€don't€think€there's€much€differenceÏin€a€private€citizen€and€an€officer€that's€off€duty€except€inÏthe€eyes€of€the€arrestee.€€All€right.€€I€guess€I€have€madeÏmy€decision.€€I'm€of€the€opinion€that€Officer€RobbinsÏdetained,€which€in€my€opinion€was€a€type€of€arrest.€€...€ÏOfficer€Cox€just€transported€her€to€the€jail.€€But€it€wasÏOfficer€€Robbins[']€case€that€he€saw€it€and€detained€her.€ÏAnd€I'm€of€the€opinion€œthat€that›'s€enough.ÌÌÒ 4 ÒÒ  ÒÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÓÓÌà àà àThe€defendant€contends€that€her€arrest€violated€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÏ40„7„103(a)(1),€which€provides€that€"[a]n€officer€may,€without€a€warrant,€arrest€aÏperson€[f]or€a€public€offense€committed€...€in€his€presence."€€The€defendant€arguesÏthat€because€she€did€not€commit€the€offense€in€the€presence€of€Officer€Cox,€theÏofficer€had€no€authority€to€arrest€her€and€did€not€have€a€reasonable€factual€basis€forÏdetaining€her.€€We€disagree.ÌÌà àà àIn€some€older€cases,€our€courts€have€strictly€and€literally€applied€theÏstatutory€limitation€on€warrantless€arrests.€€In€€òòSt.€John€v.€Stateóó,€491€S.W.2d€629Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1972),€for€example,€an€off„duty€police€officer€in€Hernando,ÏMississippi,€observed€a€vehicle€driving€in€a€reckless€fashion€towards€Memphis,ÏTennessee.€€òòId.óó€at€630.€€The€Mississippi€officer€notified€Memphis€authorities,€whoÏsubsequently€arrested€the€defendant.€€òòId.óó€€The€arresting€officer€testified€"that€he€didÏnot€observe€any€unlawful€act€in€his€presence€[and]€...€[t]hat€the€basis€for€the€arrestÍwas€the€information€he€had€received€from€the€Mississippi€officer."€€òòId.óó€at€631.€€OurÏcourt€found€that€the€arrest€was€illegal.€€òòId.óó€€òòSee€alsoóó€òòWilliams€v.€Stateóó,€506€S.W.2dÏ193€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1973).ÌÌà àà àIn€more€recent€cases,€however,€courts€have€held€that€in€certain€limitedÏcircumstances€an€officer€may€make€an€arrest€for€a€misdemeanor€even€though€it€isÏnot€committed€in€his€presence.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Bryantóó,€678€S.W.2d€480€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.€1984).€€In€òòBryantóó,€a€police€officer€observed€a€car€traveling€110€miles€per€hour.€ÏòòId.óó€at€482.€€After€unsuccessfully€attempting€to€stop€the€car,€the€officer€asked€forÏassistance.€€òòId.óó€€Moments€later,€a€second€officer,€who€had€heard€the€dispatch,Ïdetained€a€car€that€matched€the€description€given.€€The€first€officer€then€arrived€atÏthe€scene€and€made€the€arrest.€€òòId.óó€€The€second€officer€"observed€no€unlawfulÏaction€...€[and]€the€stop€was€based€entirely€on€[the€first€officer's]€transmission."€€òòId.óó€ÏOur€court€ruled€as€follows:ÌÒ 4 ÒÒ  ÒÒ ä ÒÒ  ÒÓÓà àWe€note€initially€that€this€limitation€on€warrantlessÏarrests€for€misdemeanors€is€not€constitutionally€required.€ÏFurther,€in€states€that€retain€the€rule,€it€is€frequently€heldÏthat€in€light€of€the€increased€speed€with€which€offendersÏmay€flee€from€a€witnessing€officer€and€modernÏcommunications€techniques€available€to€the€police,€anÏoffense€may€be€said€to€have€been€committed€in€theÏpresence€of€the€arresting€officer€if€he€is€inÏcommunication€with€and€is€assisting€the€witnessingÏofficer.ÌÌÒ 4 ÒÒ  ÒÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÓÓòòId.óó€at€483.€€In€determining€that€the€initial€detention€was€lawful,€this€court€ruled€thatÏthe€prohibition€against€arrests€for€misdemeanors€not€committed€in€the€officer'sÏpresence€could€not€be€read€to€deprive€the€witnessing€officer€of€the€"assistance€of€aÏfellow€officer€when€that€assistance€is€requested€in€a€reliable€manner."€€òòId.óóÌÌà àà àIn€òòState€v.€Maxie€Lewis€Hunteróó,€No.€89„101„III€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€atÏNashville,€Oct.€13,€1989),€an€officer€observed€an€intoxicated€driver€stop€at€a€gasÏstation.€€òòId.óó,€slip€op.€at€2.€€Because€the€witnessing€officer€did€not€have€"jurisdictionalÏauthority,"€he€called€a€second€officer€who€arrived€about€five€minutes€later.€€òòId.óó,€slipÏop.€at€2„3.€€The€arrest€was€made€in€the€presence€of€the€witnessing€officer.€€ThisÏcourt,€noting€that€the€purpose€of€the€statute€is€to€"prevent€groundless€misdemeanorÏarrests€of€citizens€based€on€hearsay€or€speculation,"€upheld€the€arrest.€€òòId.óó,€slip€op.Ïat€4.€€"[A]ny€harm€that€might€occur€from€a€warrantless€[arrest]€is€cured€when€a€policeÏofficer€actually€witnesses€the€offense€and€then€communicates€what€he€hasÏobserved,€on€the€scene€and€after€a€very€short€span€of€time,€to€an€officer€authorizedÏto€make€the€arrest€in€the€particular€geographical€jurisdiction."€€òòId.óó,€slip€op.€at€œ4„5.›€ÏWe€cannot€distinguish€the€ruling€in€òòHunteróó€from€the€facts€in€this€case.ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€also€contends€that€Officer€Cox€did€not€have€a€sufficientÍfactual€basis€for€detaining€her.€€She€œbases›€this€argument€on€our€ruling€in€òòState€v.ÏJames€Chester€Cobb,€Sr.óó,€No.€01C01„9011„CC„00308€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€atÏNashville,€May€7,€1991).€€In€òòCobbóó,€this€court€held€the€police€officer€did€not€have€aÏsufficient€factual€basis€for€conducting€an€investigatory€stop€where€the€onlyÏinformation€the€officer€had€was€based€on€a€police€dispatch€which€was€based€on€anÏanonymous€informant.€€òòId.óó,€slip€op.€at€œ1„2.›€€Because€there€was€no€"indication€...Ïwhether€the€informant€was€'credible'€or€whether€the€information€given€was€reliable,"Ïour€court€found€the€stop€unlawful.€€òòId.óó€€Here,€however,€the€informant€was€a€policeÏofficer€whose€identity€and€credibility€were€known€by€the€arresting€officer.€€òòSeeóó€òòStateÏv.€Seatonóó,€914€S.W.2d€129,€131€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€In€our€view,€the€arrestÏwas€based€upon€probable€cause€from€a€reliable€source.€€While€at€the€scene,€theÏarresting€officer€was€able€to€verify€much€of€the€information€provided.ÌÌà àà àAccordingly,€the€judgment€is€affirmed.ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà à__________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àGary€R.€Wade,€œJudgeÌÌCONCUR:›ÌÌÌÌ_______________________________ÌWilliam€M.€Barker,€JudgeÌÌÌÌ_________________________________ÌCurwood€Witt,€Judge€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌÌà àà à