ÿWPC  …# V %a 0ígUBT 4– ª n­¹ U:f   0J¨ w@ò 012 0Dc 0T§ 0^û U:Y 0h“ 0rû 0|m 0†é 0o 1uÿ 0dt BØU*õU.B)MDCv AM¹Zf` D3ÆÛùv~Ô 0@RvÓ’ AOeÆ´ 0Dz D/¾ Bí˜HP LaserJet 4HPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLlÎX(ÅÕÐ$¡¡Ñ  ÑÑ7€'CXXdÈXXdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÓ  ÓÓiU°X` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#€%Ø'0*ˆ,à.813è5@8˜:ð<H? A°œXiÓ<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiÚƒç"3|x«<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiXXxþ6X@ÉJQX@,†r‰AZ‹"Arial Regular2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô    DDDÓ€(á(3Ù$¤¤Ý ƒÕÐ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ7€v XXdÈXXdð7ÑÑ  ÑÓ  ÓÓiU°X` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#€%Ø'0*ˆ,à.813è5@8˜:ð<H? A°œXiÓÝ  Ýà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô, øð AZ"Arial Regular26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô  ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d< Œ 9p`(Arial< Œ 9p`(Courier% Line 7 d%%%%7Border 1dd€-&Cþÿ << Gÿÿ PÝ ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€#ÔÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÓ` °˜XÓÝ  ÝÔ€#ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€#XÔÌÌò òSeptember€19,€1997ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€#ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó \Ñ\R AØ'\Ñ'ÿÿdxd ÑÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€#ÔÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÓ` °˜XÓÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÔ€#ôÔÑ7À&SXXdÈXXdð7Ñà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóó€For€Class€A€felonies€committed€on€or€after€July€1,€1995,€the€presumptive€sentence€is€theÏmidpoint€of€the€range.€€òòSeeóó€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„210(c)€(Supp.€1996).ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'h("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  ÒStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€#ÔÑ  ÑÑ#€$$Xd#ÑÑ#€$$Xd#ÑÑ  ÑÓ` °˜XÓÝ  Ý›Ñ  ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7€ \× XXdæXXdÈ7ќـ€ÙßR€'(&A1-j|` Å `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌ€à8 àà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌà@ àAT€KNOXVILLEà@ à€€€€€€€€€Ìà àà à€€€€€€€€€€€€JANUARY€1997€SESSIONÌÌÓÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,€€€€€€à à)à àÌ€à àà àà àà à)Ìà àAppellee,à àà à)à àNo.€03C01„9601„CC„00011Ìà à€€€€€à àà à€€à à)Ìà àà àà àà à)à àSullivan€CountyÌv.à àà àà àà à)€€€€€€€€€Ìà àà àà àà à)à àHonorable€Frank€L.€Slaughter,€JudgeÌà àà àà àà à)ÌEDWARD€A.€HUDSON,à à€€€à à)à à(Rape€of€a€Child)Ìà àà àà àà à)€€€€€€€€Ìà àAppellant.à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àÌÌòòFor€the€Appellantóó:à àà àà àà àòòFor€the€Appelleeóó:ÌÌStephen€M.€Wallaceà àà àà àCharles€W.€BursonÌDistrict€Public€Defenderà àà àà àAttorney€General€of€TennesseeÌ€€€€€andà àà àà àà àà àà àandà àà àà àà àÌRichard€A.€Tateà àà àà àà àRobin€L.€HarrisÌAssistant€District€Public€Defenderà àAssistant€Attorney€General€of€Tennessee€ÌP.O.€Box€839à àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌBlountville,€TN€37617„0839à à€€€€€€€€€€€Nashville,€TN€37243„0493Ìà àà àà àà àà àÌÌà àà àà àà àà àH.€Greeley€Wells,€Jr.Ìà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àand€Ìà àà àà àà àà àBarry€P.€StaubusÌà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àP.O.€Box€526Ìà àà àà àà àà àBlountville,€TN€37617„0525ÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:____________________ÌÌÌÌœCONVICTION€AFFIRMED;€SENTENCE›€MODIFIEDÌÌJoseph€M.€TiptonÌJudgeÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÓÓà@ àòòò òO€P€I€N€I€O€Nóóó óÌà àÌà àThe€defendant,€Edward€A.€Hudson,€appeals€as€of€right€from€hisÏconviction€by€a€jury€in€the€Sullivan€County€Criminal€Court€for€rape€of€a€child,€a€Class€AÏfelony.€€As€a€Range€I,€standard€offender,€he€received€a€twenty„year€sentence€and€wasÏfined€$30,000.€€The€defendant€contends€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€convict€himÏof€rape€and€that€his€sentence€is€excessive.€€We€affirm€the€defendantððs€conviction€andÏmodify€his€sentence.ÌÌà àThe€defendant€was€charged€with€sexually€penetrating€a€six„year„old€girlÏwhile€he€was€a€guest€in€her€familyððs€home€on€the€night€of€December€12,€1994.€€At€trial,ÍOfficer€Rick€Mowell€of€the€Bristol€Police€Department€testified€that€he€went€to€theÏhospital€to€investigate€the€case€at€around€10:10€p.m.€on€December€13.€€He€said€that€heÏinterviewed€both€the€victim,€A.P.,€and€her€mother,€Debra€Quillen,€separately.€€He€saidÏthat€he€gathered€evidence€for€a€rape€kit€and€the€victimððs€panties.€€He€recalled€that€heÏfollowed€the€victim€and€her€mother€to€the€house€where€they€lived€where€he€tookÏseveral€photographs€and€collected€some€paper€towels€and€the€victimððs€comforters€andÏbed€sheets.€€The€comforters€from€the€victimððs€bed€and€photographs€of€the€victimððsÏbedroom€and€a€couch€that€was€in€the€living€room€were€introduced€into€evidence.ÌÌà àOfficer€Mowell€testified€that€he€met€with€the€defendant€at€around€3:00€p.m.Ïthe€next€day,€December€14,€at€the€Kingsport€Police€Department.€€He€recalled€that€theÏdefendant€waived€his€rights€and€agreed€to€speak€with€him.€€He€said€that€he€prepared€aÏstatement€of€what€the€defendant€told€him€and€the€defendant€signed€it.€€He€read€theÏstatement€to€the€jury.€€In€relevant€part,€the€statement€says,ÌÓÓÓ  Óà8 àMonday€night€I€stayed€at€Brian€Quillenððs€House€in€BristolÏTN.€.€.€.€Brian,€Debbie,€[A.P.,€and€her€sister]€were€the€onlyÏother€people€at€the€house.€€Me€and€Brian€sat€around€andÏdrank€a€few€beers.€€Monday€the€kids€were€still€up€when€I€gotÏthere.€€Debbie€didnððt€drink.€€She€went€to€bed€before€BrianÏdid.€€Then€Brian€went€to€bed.€€I€went€to€bed€about€12:00Ïmidnight€and€slept€on€the€couch.€€I€went€to€[A.P.ððs]€bedroomÏand€leaned€down€beside€her.€€I€fingered€[A.P.ððs]€vagina€onlyÏfor€a€few€minutes.€€While€I€was€fingering€her,€I€wasÏmasturbating€with€my€left€hand.€€I€ejaculated€on€the€bedÏbeside€[A.P.]€€I€was€drunk€and€felt€sick€after€I€did€it.€€When€IÏejaculated€I€held€my€hand€over€the€end€and€didnððt€think€I€gotÍany€on€the€bed.€€I€held€it€and€wiped€it€on€some€paper€towels.€ÏI€then€went€back€and€got€in€the€bed€on€the€couch.ÌÌÓÓÓ  ÓOfficer€Mowell€testified€that€Detective€Harold€Gilreath€of€the€Kingsport€PoliceÏDepartment€was€present€when€he€read€the€statement€to€the€defendant€and€theÏdefendant€signed€it.€€Officer€Mowell€recalled€that€the€statement€originally€said€that€theÏdefendant€laid€down€beside€the€victim€but€that€he€changed€the€statement€after€theÏdefendant€told€him€he€did€not€lie€next€to€the€victim€but€instead€leaned€beside€her.€ÏOfficer€Mowell€testified€that€the€defendant€did€not€request€that€any€other€changes€beÏmade€to€the€statement.ÌÌà àOfficer€Mowell€said€that€after€he€took€the€defendantððs€statement,€heÏtransported€the€defendant€to€the€Regional€Medial€Center€in€Bristol€for€a€rape€kit€to€beÏperformed€on€him.€€He€said€that€the€defendant€agreed€to€submit€to€a€rape€kit€to€showÏthat€no€penile€penetration€occurred.€€Officer€Mowell€testified€that€while€he€and€theÏdefendant€were€en€route€to€the€hospital,€the€defendant€held€up€his€index€finger€andÏtouched€it€with€his€thumb€and€said,€ð ðMan,€I€donððt€know€how€I€tore€her.€€It€was€that€muchÏif€any.ððÌÌà àOn€cross„examination,€Officer€Mowell€testified€that€the€defendant€told€himÏthat€he€could€not€read€well.€€He€said€that€he€told€the€defendant€about€the€evidenceÏagainst€him€and€told€the€defendant€that€the€defendantððs€best€friend€wanted€to€kill€theÍdefendant.€€Although€Officer€Mowell€admitted€that€he€did€not€write€exactly€what€theÏdefendant€told€him€when€he€took€the€defendantððs€statement,€he€said€that€the€statementÏwas€a€summary€of€the€discussion€he€had€with€the€defendant.€€Officer€Mowell€testifiedÏthat€he€did€not€recall€whether€the€defendant€asked€him€about€the€meaning€of€some€ofÏthe€words€in€the€statement.€€However,€after€defense€counsel€showed€him€a€note€heÏhad€written€about€his€interview€with€the€defendant,€he€concluded€that€the€defendantÏmust€have€asked€him€about€the€meaning€of€some€of€the€words€in€the€statement.€€OfficerÏMowell€denied€telling€the€defendant€that€he€could€go€back€to€work€if€he€signed€theÏstatement.€€Officer€Mowell€initially€testified€that€the€defendant€was€not€wearingÏhandcuffs€while€he€was€being€transported€to€Bristol,€but€he€later€stated€that€theÏdefendant€was€wearing€handcuffs.€€He€recalled€that€the€defendant€was€calm€while€heÏwas€at€the€hospital,€but€he€said€that€the€defendant€told€him€later€that€he€did€not€deserveÏto€live€because€of€what€happened.ÌÌà àThe€victim€testified€that€the€defendant€was€her€daddyððs€friend.€€She€saidÏthat€he€came€into€her€room€and€kicked€her€in€her€ð ðprivateðð.€€She€said€that€sheÏscreamed€and€the€defendant€kicked€her€again€and€put€his€hand€over€her€mouth.€€SheÏrecalled€that€the€room€was€dark€but€that€she€knew€that€the€defendantððs€knee€was€in€herÏð ðprivatesðð.€€€€She€said€that€the€only€place€the€defendant€touched€her€with€his€hand€wasÏon€her€face.€€She€described€her€ð ðprivateðð€as€the€area€in€the€middle€of€her€legs€that€wasÍcovered€by€her€panties.€€She€said€that€she€noticed€blood€in€her€panties€after€school€theÏnext€day€and€told€her€motherððs€Aunt€Nell€about€what€happened.ÌÌà àMark€Mason€and€Harold€Gilreath,€criminal€investigators€with€theÏKingsport€Police€Department€also€testified.€€Officer€Mason€said€that€he€saw€theÏdefendant€sign€a€rights€waiver€form€before€Officer€Mowell€took€his€statement.€€OfficerÏGilreath€testified€that€he€was€present€when€Officer€Mowell€read€the€statement€to€theÏdefendant€and€asked€him€to€sign€it.€€He€recalled€that€the€statement€was€corrected€afterÏthe€defendant€asked€that€the€word€ð ðlaidðð€be€changed€to€ð ðleaned.ðð€€Officer€Gilreath€saidÏthat€he€notarized€the€defendantððs€signature€on€the€statement€after€the€defendant€sworeÏto€it.ÌÌà àThe€victimððs€Great€Aunt€Ivanell€Chapman€testified€that€she€watched€theÏvictim€before€and€after€school€on€December€13,€1994.€€She€recalled€that€the€victim€toldÏher€that€she€had€blood€in€her€panties€and€that€the€defendant€had€kicked€her€with€hisÏknee.€€She€said€that€the€victim€did€not€volunteer€the€information€until€she€asked€herÏabout€it.ÌÌà àDebra€Quillen,€the€victimððs€mother,€testified€that€the€defendant€was€herÏhusbandððs€friend.€€She€said€that€he€had€been€to€her€house€many€times€and€had€spentÏthe€night€on€her€couch€before€December€12th.€€She€said€that€the€defendant€usuallyÍslept€on€the€couch€when€he€spent€the€night€but€that€he€may€have€slept€in€the€victimððsÏsisterððs€room€once€or€twice.€€She€recalled€that€on€December€12th,€the€defendant€andÏher€husband€talked€while€she€put€the€six„year„old€victim€and€the€victimððs€younger€sisterÏto€bed.€€She€explained€that€the€victimððs€bedroom€is€next€to€the€living€room.€€She€saidÏthat€she€went€to€bed€at€9:30€p.m.€and€that€her€husband€came€to€bed€fifteen€or€twentyÏminutes€later.€€She€said€that€they€left€their€bedroom€door€open€but€that€it€was€closedÏwhen€she€awoke€the€next€morning.ÌÌà à€Debra€Quillen€testified€that€on€the€morning€of€December€13th,€theÏdefendant€was€sleeping€on€the€couch€when€she€left€to€take€the€two€girls€to€her€auntððsÏhouse.€€She€said€that€when€she€returned€to€pick€up€the€girls€that€evening,€she€took€theÏvictim€into€the€bathroom€and€saw€blood€on€her€panties.€€She€said€that€the€victim€hadÏnever€had€any€vaginal€discharges€or€female€problems€in€the€past€and€that€she€took€theÏvictim€to€the€emergency€room.ÌÌà àBrian€Quillen,€the€victimððs€stepfather,€testified€that€he€and€the€defendantÏhad€been€friends€for€twenty€years.€€He€said€that€the€defendant€had€spent€the€night€onÏthe€couch€at€his€house€before€and€that€he€told€the€defendant€he€could€spend€the€nightÏthere€on€December€12th.€€He€recalled€that€he€and€the€defendant€drank€a€couple€ofÏbeers€that€night€before€he€went€to€bed.€€He€said€that€he€left€the€defendant€sitting€in€theÏdining€room€of€the€house€and€that€he€left€his€bedroom€door€open€when€he€went€to€bed.€ÍHe€said€that€the€defendant€seemed€sober€while€he€was€at€the€house€that€night€and€thatÏhe€did€not€see€the€defendant€take€any€drugs.€€On€cross„examination,€Brian€QuillenÏtestified€that€although€the€defendant€usually€slept€on€the€couch€when€he€spent€theÏnight,€he€may€have€spent€the€night€in€a€bedroom€in€the€house€once€or€twice.ÌÌà àDr.€Paul€Joseph€Derden€was€on€duty€in€the€emergency€room€of€theÏBristol€Regional€Hospital€and€Medical€Center€when€Debra€Quillen€came€in€with€theÏvictim€at€9:17€p.m.€on€December€13,€1994.€€He€recalled€that€the€victim€told€him€that€herÏfatherððs€friend€ð ðput€his€thing€in€my€thingðð€and€also€told€him€that€her€fatherððs€friend€putÏhis€knee€in€her€ð ðfrog.ðð€€The€victim€told€Dr.€Derden€that€it€hurt€and€that€she€screamedÏwhen€it€happened€but€that€no€one€heard€her€or€came€to€help€her.€€ÌÌà àDr.€Derden€said€that€he€examined€the€victim€and€discovered€an€abrasionÏin€the€perineal€area€around€the€opening€of€her€vagina€with€a€small€amount€of€bleedingÏpresent.€€He€also€noticed€that€her€hymen€was€torn.€€He€said€that€the€victimððs€injuriesÏwere€consistent€with€a€digital€penetration€of€the€vaginal€area€or€consistent€withÏpenetration€by€some€other€small€object€that€would€apply€a€lot€of€force€to€a€small€area.€ÏHe€said€that€the€victimððs€injuries€were€not€consistent€with€a€personððs€knee€being€placedÏin€the€vaginal€area.€€He€explained€that€an€adult€falling€on€the€child€would€likely€causeÏbruising,€instead€of€tears€and€abrasions.€€On€cross„examination€Dr.€Derden€admittedÏthat€he€did€not€know€for€certain€what€object€caused€the€victimððs€injuries.€€He€alsoÍexplained€that€his€examination€of€the€victim€caused€the€victim€to€bleed€slightly€but€thatÏhe€saw€evidence€that€the€victim€had€also€bled€before€the€exam.ÌÌà àDr.€Judy€Fischer,€a€specialist€in€obstetrics€and€gynecology,€testified€thatÏshe€examined€the€victim€on€December€21,€1994.€€She€said€that€the€victim€had€a€tear€inÑ€)ÑÇher€hymen€that€was€consistent€with€digital€penetration€or€penetration€by€some€otherÏobject€that€was€near€the€size€of€a€finger.€€She€testified€that€she€did€not€believe€that€theÏvictimððs€injuries€could€have€been€caused€by€a€knee€or€by€an€accident€on€a€playground.€ÏAlthough€Dr.€Fischer€said€it€was€possible€that€one€could€inflict€on€oneself€injuries€likeÏthose€the€victim€received,€she€considered€it€unlikely€because€tearing€of€the€tissue€inÏsuch€a€manner€would€be€painful.ÌÌà àThe€defendant€testified€that€he€did€spend€the€night€with€the€Quillens€onÏthe€night€in€question.€€However,€he€said€that€he€did€not€digitally€penetrate€the€victim€orÏejaculate€on€paper€towels.€€He€recalled€that€he€had€drunk€eight€beers€before€heÏarrived€at€the€house€that€night€and€that€he€drank€another€two€beers€with€Brian€Quillen.€ÏHe€said€that€he€went€to€the€living€room€to€watch€T.V.€after€Brian€went€to€bed.€€HeÏrecalled€that€he€ð ðpassed€outðð€on€the€couch€and€awoke€a€few€hours€later€and€went€toÏuse€the€bathroom.€€He€said€that€he€was€still€intoxicated€when€he€was€returning€from€theÏbathroom€and€took€a€wrong€turn€into€the€victimððs€bedroom.€€He€said€that€the€room€wasÏdark€and€that€he€fell€on€top€of€the€victim.€€He€said€that€he€did€not€think€anything€aboutÏthe€victim€being€in€her€bed€when€he€first€approached€it€because€she€and€her€sisterÏoften€slept€together.€€He€said€that€both€he€and€the€victim€were€surprised€when€he€fellÏonto€the€bed.€€He€said€that€the€victim€yelled€and€that€he€fell€back€onto€the€floor.€€HeÏsaid€that€he€then€identified€himself€to€the€victim€and€asked€her€if€she€was€okay.€€HeÏtestified€that€the€victim€said€that€she€was€alright€and€that€he€returned€to€the€bathroomÍand€got€sick.€€€He€said€that€on€his€way€back€to€the€couch,€he€again€asked€the€victim€ifÏshe€was€alright.ÌÌà àThe€defendant€said€that€he€had€taken€some€nerve€pills€and€smokedÏsome€marijuana€the€day€he€talked€to€Officer€Mowell€about€the€case.€€He€testified€thatÏOfficer€Mowell€did€not€believe€him€when€the€defendant€told€him€that€he€had€fallen€onÏthe€victim.€€The€defendant€said€that€his€discussion€with€Officer€Mowell€turned€into€anÏargument€because€the€defendant€disagreed€with€what€Officer€Mowell€had€written€in€theÏstatement.€€He€said€that€the€officer€told€him€that€he€had€to€sign€the€statement.€€TheÏdefendant€said€that€he€argued€with€the€officer€and€told€him€that€he€did€not€want€to€signÏthe€statement€because€it€was€not€accurate.€€According€to€the€defendant,€the€officerÏresponded€by€asking€him€what€was€in€the€statement€that€he€did€not€say€and€by€readingÏone€line€of€the€statement.€€The€defendant€recalled€that€the€officer€changed€the€one€lineÏbut€did€not€change€the€rest€of€the€statement.€ÌÌà àThe€defendant€said€that€he€finally€signed€the€statement€because€OfficerÏMowell€told€him€that€he€would€be€free€to€go€and€would€not€hear€anything€else€aboutÏthe€case€until€the€grand€jury€met.€€The€defendant€explained€that€he€did€not€believe€thatÏthere€would€be€any€proof€to€support€an€indictment.€€He€said€that€he€signed€theÏstatement€because€he€thought€that€he€would€never€make€it€to€trial€or€spend€a€day€inÏjail.€€He€also€said€that€he€was€eager€to€speak€to€Brian€Quillen.€€He€recalled€that€he€wasÍdepressed€and€cried€after€he€signed€the€statement€because€Officer€Mowell€told€himÏthat€his€friend€wanted€to€shoot€him.€€The€defendant€also€testified€that€his€hands€wereÏcuffed€behind€his€back€while€Officer€Mowell€was€taking€him€to€the€hospital.€€He€deniedÏtelling€the€officer€that€he€did€not€know€how€he€tore€the€victim€and€denied€gesturing€withÏhis€hands.ÌÌà àThe€defense€also€called€Officer€Mowell€to€testify.€€The€officer€admitted€thatÏhe€found€a€small€amount€of€marijuana€on€the€defendant€the€day€he€took€theÏdefendantððs€statement€but€said€that€he€did€not€charge€the€defendant€with€it.€€OfficerÏMowell€denied€arguing€with€the€defendant€when€he€took€the€defendantððs€statementÏand€said€that€the€defendant€only€requested€one€change€to€the€statement.€€He€said€thatÏthe€defendant€did€not€tell€him€that€he€had€fallen€on€the€victim.€€Although€the€defendantÏdid€tell€him€that€he€had€been€drinking€that€night,€Officer€Mowell€said€that€the€defendantÏnever€indicated€that€he€was€so€intoxicated€that€he€could€not€find€his€way€from€theÏbathroom€to€the€living€room.€€Also,€when€the€defendant€told€him€about€being€sick,ÏOfficer€Mowell€understood€that€the€defendant€was€sick€because€of€what€hadÏhappened.€€Officer€Mowell€also€testified€that€he€only€sent€paper€towels€that€he€foundÏnext€to€the€couch€in€the€living€room€for€testing,€although€there€were€other€paper€towelsÏin€the€house.ÌÌà àT.B.I.€Agent€Raymond€A.€Depriest€testified€that€the€victimððs€panties€andÏboth€of€the€comforters€from€the€victimððs€bed€tested€negative€for€semen€and€positive€forÏhuman€blood.€€He€said€that€he€could€not€determine€the€blood€type€of€the€blood€foundÏon€one€of€the€comforters€but€that€the€blood€on€the€victimððs€panties€and€the€otherÏcomforter€was€the€same€type€as€that€of€the€victim.€€He€said€that€the€victimððs€sheet€andÏpillowcases€and€the€paper€towels€that€were€submitted€to€him€tested€negative€for€bloodÏand€semen.€€He€explained€that€semen€stains€should€remain€forever€if€they€are€notÏtouched,€washed,€or€otherwise€removed.€€He€said€that€he€could€not€determine€the€ageÏof€a€bloodstain€but€that€after€six€months€or€a€year€blood€stains€may€be€more€difficult€toÏtest€because€a€chemical€in€the€blood€degrades.ÌÌà àThe€state€called€Kelly€Annette€Jones€as€a€rebuttal€witness.€€She€testifiedÏthat€she€was€the€registered€nurse€who€administered€a€rape€kit€to€the€defendant.€€SheÏrecalled€that€the€defendant€was€very€cooperative€and€did€not€appear€to€be€under€theÏinfluence€of€drugs€or€alcohol€while€she€was€administering€the€kit.€€She€alsoÏremembered€that€the€defendantððs€hands€were€handcuffed€in€front€of€him.ÌÌà@ àò òIó óÌà àIn€his€first€issue,€the€defendant€contends€that€the€evidence€against€him€isÏinsufficient€to€support€his€conviction€for€rape€of€a€child€because€the€victim€neverÏtestified€that€he€sexually€penetrated€her€but€instead€said€that€she€was€sure€that€theÍdefendant€kicked€her€with€his€knee.€€Although€the€defendant€recognizes€that€twoÏdoctors€testified€that€the€victimððs€injuries€were€consistent€with€digital€penetration€andÏcould€not€have€been€caused€by€a€knee,€the€defendant€points€out€that€the€doctors€didÏnot€testify€as€to€what€object€actually€caused€the€injuries.€€He€also€notes€that€Dr.€FischerÏadmitted€that€she€could€not€tell€when€the€injuries€occurred.€€The€defendant€also€assertsÏthat€the€statement€he€signed€is€unsupported€by€the€facts.ÌÌà àð ðRape€of€a€child€is€the€unlawful€sexual€penetration€of€a€victim€by€theÏdefendant€or€the€defendant€by€a€victim,€if€such€victim€is€less€than€thirteen€(13)€years€ofÏage.ðð€€T.C.A.€ðð€39„13„522€(Supp.€1996).€€ð ðSexual€penetrationðð€includes€any€intrusion€ofÏany€object€or€body€part€into€the€genital€or€anal€openings€of€another.€€T.C.A.€ðð€39„13„501(7).ÌÌà àOur€standard€of€review€when€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€isÏquestioned€on€appeal€is€"whether,€after€viewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€mostÏfavorable€to€the€prosecution,€òòanyóó€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essentialÏelements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt."€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,Ï319,€99€S.€Ct.€2781,€2789€(1979).€€This€means€that€we€may€not€reweigh€the€evidence,Ïbut€must€presume€that€the€jury€has€resolved€all€conflicts€in€the€testimony€and€drawn€allÏreasonable€inferences€from€the€evidence€in€favor€of€the€state.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Sheffieldóó,Í676€S.W.2d€542,€547€(Tenn.€1984);€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.Ï1978).€ÌÌà àViewing€the€evidence€in€this€light,€we€conclude€that€sufficient€evidenceÏsupports€the€defendantððs€conviction.€€Officer€Mowell€testified€that€the€defendantÏadmitted€digitally€penetrating€the€victim.€€The€victim€identified€the€defendant€as€theÏperson€who€caused€her€injuries,€and€the€victimððs€mother€testified€that€the€victim€was€sixÏyears€old€at€the€time.€€Both€Dr.€Derden€and€Dr.€Fischer€testified€that€the€victimððs€injuriesÏwere€consistent€with€digital€penetration.€€Based€on€these€facts,€the€jury€was€justified€inÏconcluding€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€the€defendant€committed€rape€of€a€child.€Ìà@ àò òIIÌó óà àNext,€the€defendant€challenges€the€length€of€his€sentence.€€AppellateÏreview€of€sentencing€is€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€on€the€record€with€a€presumption€that€the€trial€court'sÏdeterminations€are€correct.€€T.C.A.€ðððð€40„35„401(d)€and€„402(d).€€As€the€SentencingÏCommission€Comments€to€these€sections€note,€the€burden€is€now€on€the€appealingÏparty€to€show€that€the€sentencing€is€improper.€€This€means€that€if€the€trial€court€followedÏthe€statutory€sentencing€procedure,€made€findings€of€fact€that€are€adequatelyÏsupported€in€the€record,€and€gave€due€consideration€and€proper€weight€to€the€factorsÏand€principles€that€are€relevant€to€sentencing€under€the€1989€Sentencing€Act,€we€mayÏnot€disturb€the€sentence€even€if€a€different€result€were€preferred.€€òòState€v.€Fletcheróó,€805ÏS.W.2d€785,€789€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).€ÌÌà àHowever,€"the€presumption€of€correctness€which€accompanies€the€trialÏcourt's€action€is€conditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trialÏcourt€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances."€ÏòòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).€€In€this€respect,€for€the€purpose€ofÏmeaningful€appellate€review,ÌÓÓÓ  Óà8 àthe€trial€court€must€place€on€the€record€its€reasons€forÏarriving€at€the€final€sentencing€decision,€identify€theÏmitigating€and€enhancement€factors€found,€state€the€specificÏfacts€supporting€each€enhancement€factor€found,€andÏarticulate€how€the€mitigating€and€enhancement€factors€haveÏbeen€evaluated€and€balanced€in€determining€the€sentence.€ÏT.C.A.€ðð€40„35„210(f)€(1990).€€ÌÌòòÓÓÓ  ÓState€v.€Jonesóó,€883€S.W.2d€597,€599€(Tenn.€1994).ÌÌà àAlso,€in€conducting€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review,€we€must€consider€(1)€the€evidence,Ïif€any,€received€at€the€trial€and€sentencing€hearing,€(2)€the€presentence€report,€(3)€theÏprinciples€of€sentencing€and€arguments€as€to€sentencing€alternatives,€(4)€the€natureÏand€characteristics€of€the€criminal€conduct,€(5)€any€mitigating€or€statutory€enhancementÏfactors,€(6)€any€statement€that€the€defendant€made€on€his€own€behalf€and€(7)€theÏpotential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€€T.C.A.€ðððð€40„35„102,€„103€and€„210€(1990);Ïòòseeóó€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€168;€òòState€v.€Mossóó,€727€S.W.2d€229,€236€(Tenn.€1986).€ÌÌà àThe€sentence€to€be€imposed€by€the€trial€court€is€presumptively€theÏminimum€in€the€range€unless€there€are€enhancement€factors€present.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„210(c)€(1990).× ƒ+ ××  ×€€Procedurally,€the€trial€court€is€to€increase€the€sentence€within€theÏrange€based€upon€the€existence€of€enhancement€factors,€and€then€reduce€theÏsentence€as€appropriate€for€any€mitigating€factors.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„210(d)€and€(e)Ï(1990).€€The€weight€to€be€afforded€an€existing€factor€is€left€to€the€trial€court's€discretionÏso€long€as€it€complies€with€the€purposes€and€principles€of€the€1989€Sentencing€ActÏand€its€findings€are€adequately€supported€by€the€record.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„210€(1990),ÏSentencing€Commission€Comments;€òòMossóó,€727€S.W.2d€at€237;€òòseeóó€òòAshbyóó,€823ÏS.W.2d€at€169.€ÌÌà àWith€the€exception€of€the€presentence€report,€no€evidence€was€presentedÏat€the€defendantððs€sentencing€hearing.€€The€presentence€report€reflects€that€theÏdefendant€has€prior€convictions€for€public€intoxication,€driving€on€a€revoked€license,€Ïand€two€other€traffic€offenses.€€The€report€states€that€the€then€thirty„year„old,€singleÏdefendant€has€an€eighth„grade€education€and€has€admitted€that€he€has€a€history€ofÏdrug€and€alcohol€abuse.€€According€to€the€report,€the€defendant€was€employed€by€theÏCity€of€Kingsport€as€a€member€of€a€paving€crew€at€the€time€of€his€arrest.€€Although€theÏdefendant€reported€that€he€has€held€various€other€construction€jobs,€the€report€statesÍthat€his€employment€history€could€not€be€verified.€€The€report€also€includes€a€statementÏthat€the€defendant€submitted€insisting€that€he€is€innocent.ÌÌà àAt€the€conclusion€of€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€trial€court€made€theÏfollowing€findings:ÌÑ7€ ŒÊ XXdæ XXdæ7ÑÓÓÓ  Óà8 àI€find€you€have€a€history€of€various€varieties€of€unsocialÏconduct.€€You€apparently€do€not€seem€to€realize€theÏconsequence€of€what€you€have€been€convicted€of€doingÏaccording€to€statements€made€by€various€persons€in€theÏprobation€report€and€the€Officer€in€general.€€You€tookÏadvantage€of€a€position€of€trust,€one€of€trust€and€confidenceÏbeing€permitted€to€stay€in€a€home€with€small€children.€ÏStand€up.€€I€find€you€guilty€as€the€jury€did.€€Youððre€fined€thirtyÏthousand€dollars€($30,000).€€Youððre€rendered€infamous.€ÏYou€lose€all€rights€of€citizenship€as€a€Tennessee€citizen.€€IÏorder€you€to€serve€twenty€(20)€years€in€the€Department€ofÏCorrections.ÌÌÓÓÓ  ÓThe€defendant€contends€that€the€presumption€of€correctness€that€usually€accompaniesÏa€sentence€imposed€by€a€trial€court,€òòseeóó€T.C.A.€ððððœ€40„35„401(d)€and€„402(d),€does€notÏapply€in€this€case€because€the€trial€court€did€not€follow€the€principles€and€proceduresÏof€the€Sentencing€Act.€€The€defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€failed€to€begin€itsÏanalysis€with€the€presumptive€sentence.€€He€asserts€that€the€trial€court€only€found€oneÏenhancement€factor,€an€abuse€of€a€position€of€private€trust,€òòseeóó€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114Ï(15),€and€that€the€presence€of€that€enhancement€factor€does€not€justify€his€twenty„yearÏsentence.ÌÌà àWe€agree€with€the€defendant€that€the€trial€court€should€have€been€moreÏexplicit€regarding€its€sentencing€process€and€findings.€€Yet,€the€trial€courtððs€commentsÏreflect€that€it€enhanced€the€defendantððs€sentence€based€upon€his€history€of€criminalÏbehavior€and€his€abuse€of€a€position€of€private€trust.€€òòSeeóó€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114(1)€andÏ(15).€€ÌÌà àWith€respect€to€the€defendantððs€history€of€criminal€behavior,€theÏpresentence€report€states€that€the€defendant€has€been€convicted€of€public€intoxication,Ïdriving€on€a€revoked€license,€and€two€other€traffic€offenses.€€In€addition,€the€reportÏreflects€that€the€defendant€admitted€that€he€has€a€history€of€illegal€drug€use,€includingÏthe€use€of€marijuana,€cocaine,€and€valium.€€Based€on€these€facts,€the€trial€court€wasÏjustified€in€concluding€that€the€defendant€had€a€history€of€criminal€behavior.ÌÌÑ7€ ŒÊ XXdæ XXdæ7Ñà àHowever,€we€are€bound€by€our€supreme€courtððs€decision€in€òòState€v.ÏKissingeróó,€922€S.W.2d€482€(Tenn.€1996),€to€conclude€that€the€trial€court€improperlyÏenhanced€the€defendantððs€sentence€based€upon€his€abuse€of€a€position€of€trust.€€InÏòòKissingeróó,€the€court€articulated€the€standard€for€determining€the€existence€of€a€positionÏof€trust€solely€in€terms€of€the€defendant€and€victim.€€The€court€gave€the€followingÏdescription€of€the€requisite€position€of€trust€:ÌÓÓÓ  Óà8 àThe€position€of€parent,€step„parent,€babysitter,€teacher,Ïcoach€are€but€a€few€obvious€examples.€€The€determinationÏof€the€existence€of€a€position€of€trust€does€not€depend€onÍthe€length€or€formality€of€the€relationship,€but€upon€theÏnature€of€the€relationship.€€Thus,€the€court€should€look€toÏsee€whether€the€offender€formally,€or€informally€stood€in€aÏrelationship€to€the€victim€that€promoted€confidence,Ïreliability,€or€faith.Ì.€€ÌÓÓòòÓ  ÓKissingeróó,€922€S.W.2d€at€488.€€Applying€this€standard,€the€court€determined€that€factorÏ(15)€applied€to€Kissingerððs€sentences€for€aggravated€rape€and€aggravated€sexualÏbattery€because€he€had€been€like€a€surrogate€father€to€his€victims€and€had€beenÏtrusted€by€their€mother€to€protect€and€care€for€them.ÌÌà àThe€court€distinguished€Kissingerððs€case€from€that€of€Guy€PhelanÏRoberson.€€Roberson€was€convicted€of€the€aggravated€rape€of€a€girl€who€was€eightÏyears€old.€€The€only€relationship€between€him€and€the€victimððs€parents€was€that€he€wasÏthe€father€of€the€victimððs€step„fatherððs€nieceððs€boyfriend.€€He€had€planned€to€spend€theÏnight€in€the€victimððs€home€on€the€night€of€the€offense€because€he€did€not€haveÏtransportation€to€his€house.€€In€refusing€to€apply€factor€(15)€to€Robersonððs€sentence,€theÏsupreme€court€noted€that€he€was€a€casual€visitor€in€the€home€and€that€there€was€noÏproof€that€suggested€that€he€visited€frequently€or€that€the€victim€or€other€children€at€theÏhome€were€placed€in€his€care.€€Because€the€record€failed€to€establish€that€RobersonÏoccupied€ð ðany€relationship€to€[the€victim]€that€promoted€confidence,€reliability€or€faith€inÏhim,ðð€the€court€held€that€factor€(15)€could€not€be€used€to€enhance€his€sentence.€€òòId.óó€atÏ489.€€ÌÌà àThe€record€in€this€case€reflects€that€the€defendant€was€a€frequent€visitorÏto€the€Quillen€home€based€on€the€relationship€he€shared€with€the€victimððs€mother€andÏstep„father,€but€it€fails€to€show€that€the€defendant€occupied€a€position€of€trust€withÏrespect€to€the€victim.€€Although€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114(15)€does€not€specify€that€theÏposition€of€trust€must€be€solely€between€the€victim€and€the€defendant,€under€òòKissingeróó,Ïour€inquiry€with€respect€to€the€application€of€factor€(15)€must€end€with€ourÏdetermination€that€the€record€does€not€establish€that€the€defendant€ð ðstood€in€aÏrelationship€to€the€victim€that€promoted€confidence,€reliability,€or€faith.ðð€€òòId.óó€€Thus,Ïapplication€of€factor€(15)€to€the€defendantððs€sentence€was€inappropriate€underÏòòKissingeróó.ÌÌà àIn€this€respect,€we€believe€the€supreme€court€should€expand€òòKissingeróóððsÏholding€in€the€context€of€a€defendant€who€abuses€the€trust€of€a€parent€or€guardian€of€aÏminor€child€to€commit€a€crime€against€the€child.€€A€parent€or€childððs€custodian€has€aÏlegal€duty€to€protect€a€minor€child€and€to€act€in€the€best€interests€of€that€child.€€A€six„year„old€child,€as€in€this€case,€has€no€control€over€who€the€parent€or€custodian€allowsÏto€stay€in€the€home,€including€giving€the€person€the€run€of€the€home.€€In€this€sense,€weÏbelieve€that€the€trust€placed€in€the€defendant€by€the€victimððs€custodians€by€which€theÏdefendant€was€given€free€access€to€the€home,€which€is€the€victimððs€protectiveÏenvironment,€includes€a€trust€for€the€benefit€of€the€victimððs€health€and€welfare€thatÏshould€be€covered€by€factor€(15).€€However,€we€are€bound€by€òòKissingeróó.€Ì€€Ìà àThe€state€contends€that€the€trial€court€should€also€have€enhanced€theÏdefendantððs€sentence€based€upon€the€vulnerability€of€the€victim€because€of€her€ageÏand€upon€the€defendantððs€history€of€unwillingness€to€comply€with€conditions€of€aÏsentence€involving€release€into€the€community.€€òòSeeóó€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114(4)€and€(8).€ÏHowever,€neither€of€these€factors€are€supported€on€the€record€before€us.€€AlthoughÏfactor€(4),€involving€a€particularly€vulnerable€victim,€may€be€applied€to€enhance€theÏsentence€of€a€defendant€convicted€of€rape€of€a€child,€in€this€case€the€state€has€not€metÏits€burden€of€proving€that€the€victim€had€limitations€that€made€her€particularlyÏvulnerable.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Adamsóó,€864€S.W.2d€31,€35„36€(Tenn.€1993).ÌÌà àAlso,€we€do€not€believe€that€the€record€before€us€supports€enhancementÏof€the€defendantððs€sentence€based€upon€his€inability€to€comply€with€conditions€of€aÏsentence€involving€release€in€the€community.€€The€only€proof€in€the€record€thatÏarguably€supports€application€of€this€factor€is€a€paragraph€in€the€presentence€reportÏthat€states€that€the€defendant€admitted€that€he€was€placed€in€a€juvenile€home€afterÏviolating€a€probationary€sentence€as€a€juvenile€and€that€his€juvenile€records€areÏunavailable€because€they€have€been€expunged.€€The€circumstances€surrounding€theÏalleged€probation€violation€are€not€fully€before€us,€and€expungement€of€theÏdefendantððs€juvenile€records€reflects€ultimately€successful€compliance€with€theÏconditions€that€were€placed€upon€him.€€We€refrain€from€applying€factor€(8)€in€this€case.ÌÌà àBeginning€with€the€presumptive€sentence€of€fifteen€years€and€increasingÏthe€defendantððs€sentence€based€upon€the€one€applicable€enhancement€factor,€hisÏslight€history€of€criminal€behavior,€we€modify€the€defendantððs€sentence€to€sixteenÏyears.€€The€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed€in€all€other€respects.€ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà àà àòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ïà àà àà àà àà àà àà àóóJoseph€M.€Tipton,€Judge€ÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌóóGary€R.€Wade,€Judge€ÌÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌóóWilliam€M.€Barker,€Judge€