ÿWPCE …# VUNa %¯ 0(µw@Ý4 1 b@ H 0JP 0Tš 0^î 0hL 0r´ 0|& 0†¢ 0( 1u¸ 0d- U>‘ U*Ï B)ù DC" AMe ² B¿v~ÜvÓZ D3- 0@` AO Æï 0Dµ D/ù B(˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLüÏ(ÈhH  Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡ ¹Dº»V¼U½D¾¿DÀUÁDÂÓ€³†;$3|xË- ù-2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d!!!!7Border 1dd€-"Cþÿ << Gÿÿ Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÔ€ ÔÔ€ ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€ XÔÌÌJune€10,€1998ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔ  Ôó ó dPtPtHHØ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ellan Geneva ÒÒ  ellan Geneva Ò%%%%'ÿÿdxd("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÑ ` ÑÔ€ŠÔÔ€ ÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ€ ÑÑ7€¥=XXdìdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÓ  Óò òÙ€€ÙßR€#$"A1-j|` ç `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌAT€NASHVILLEÌÌAPRIL€SESSION,€1998ÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,€à àà à)à àC.C.A.€NO.€01C01„9701„CR„00021Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àó óÌà àà àAppellee,ò òà àà àà à)à àÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àDAVIDSON€COUNTYÌV.à àà àà àà àà àà à)€€€€€€€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àHON.€ANN€LACY€JOHNS,€JUDGEó óÌò òMICHAEL€DOUGLAS€HUGHES,à à)€€€€€€€ó óà àÌà àà àà àà àà àò òà à)ó óà àÌà àà àAppellant.à àà àò òà à)à à(AGGRAVATED€RAPE)€Ìó óÌÌÌòòFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:à àà àà àòòà àFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:ÌÌò òSAM€E.€WALLACE,€JR.€à àà àà àJOHN€KNOX€WALKUP€Ìó ó227€Second€Avenue€Northà àà àà àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÌNashville,€TN€37201Ìò òà àà àà àà àà àà àà àTIMOTHY€F.€BEHANÌó óà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à2nd€Floor,€Cordell€Hull€BuildingÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à425€Fifth€Avenue€North€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37243ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àò òVICTOR€S.€JOHNSON,€IIIÌó óà àà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àò òLILA€STATOM€Ìó óà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà0 àà àà àà àà àà àà àWashington€Square€€€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà à222€Second€Avenue€North,€Suite€500Ì€à àà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37201„1649ÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED€________________________ÌÌAFFIRMED€ÌÌTHOMAS€T.€WOODALL,€JUDGEÇÓ  ÓÔ€ °Ôò òòòOPINIONóóó óÔ€ ŠÔÌÌÌÓ  ÓÓÓà àThe€Defendant,€Michael€Douglas€Hughes,€appeals€as€of€right€from€theÏsentencing€order€of€the€Davidson€County€Criminal€Court.€€The€Defendant€wasÏindicted€on€eleven€(11)€counts€of€aggravated€rape€by€the€unlawful€sexualÏpenetration€of€a€child€less€than€thirteen€(13)€years€of€age.€€Defendant€pled€noÏcontest€to€one€(1)€count€of€aggravated€rape€and€guilty€to€ten€(10)€counts€ofÏaggravated€rape.€€The€trial€court€sentenced€Defendant€to€twenty€(20)€years€forÏeach€count,€with€the€sentences€for€four€(4)€of€these€counts€to€run€consecutively€toÏeach€other€and€the€remaining€counts€to€be€served€concurrently€to€each€other.€€TheÏtotal€effective€sentence€is€eighty€(80)€years.€€The€Defendant€argues€the€following€onÏappeal:ÌÓÓà8 à1)€Whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€sentencing€him€to€twenty€(20)€yearÏsentences€for€each€count€when€the€minimum€sentence€for€each€countÏis€fifteen€(15)€years;ÌÌà8 à2)€Whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€imposing€consecutive€sentences;ÌÌà8 à3)€Whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€considering€uncharged€sexual€acts;ÌÌà8 à4)€Whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€properly€explaining€the€use€ofÏenhancement€and€mitigating€factors;€andÌÌà8 à5)€Whether€the€indictments€in€this€case€failed€to€set€forth€the€òòmens€reaóóÏelements€of€aggravated€rape.ÌÌÓÓWe€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌà àWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€length,€range€or€the€manner€of€service€of€aÏsentence,€this€court€has€a€duty€to€conduct€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€of€the€sentence€with€aÏpresumption€that€the€determinations€made€by€the€trial€court€are€correct.€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€This€presumption€is€ð ðconditioned€upon€the€affirmativeÏshowing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€allÏœrelevant€€facts›€and€circumstances.ðð€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.Ï1991).€€There€are,€however,€exceptions€to€the€presumption€of€correctness.€€First,€theÏrecord€must€demonstrate€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencing€principles€andÏall€relevant€facts€and€circumstances.€€òòIdóó.€€Second,€the€presumption€does€not€applyÏto€the€legal€conclusions€reached€by€the€trial€court€in€sentencing.€€Third,€theÏpresumption€does€not€apply€when€the€determinations€made€by€the€trial€court€areÏpredicated€upon€uncontroverted€facts.€€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€898€S.W.2d€742,€745€(Tenn.Ï1994),€òòpermóó.€òòtoóó€òòappealóó€òòdeniedóó,€òòidóó.€(Tenn.€1995).ÌÌà àAt€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€victim,€S.E.,€(we€will€refer€to€the€victim€of€childÏsexual€abuse€by€initials)€testified€that€she€and€her€mother€formerly€lived€with€theÏDefendant€and€œshe€called›€him€ð ðDad.ðð€€The€first€time€S.E.€was€touched€by€theÏDefendant€in€a€sexual€way€was€when€she€was€four€(4)€years€old€and€living€inÏNorth€Carolina.€€On€that€first€occasion,€her€mother€was€away€from€home€and€theÏDefendant€was€sitting€in€his€recliner€when€he€asked€S.E.€to€come€and€sit€in€his€lap.€ÏShe€complied,€then€Defendant€asked€her€to€ð ðkiss€his€private€part,€and€then€heÍkissed€my€private€part.ðð€€Defendant€told€the€victim€not€to€tell€her€mother,€that€ð ðitÏwould€be€our€secret.ðð€€The€abuse€continued€at€different€times€until€S.E.€was€nine€(9)Ïyears€of€age.€€The€victim€described€occasions€when€the€Defendant€would€ð ðput€hisÏprivate€part€inside€of€[her],€inside€[her]€bottom,€his€finger€inside€of€[her]€private€partÏand€inside€of€[her]€bottom.ðð€€The€Defendant€used€cold€cream€in€her€bottom€when€heÏabused€her.€€S.E.€recalled€that€something€ð ðdark€and€slimyðð€came€out€of€theÏDefendantððs€body€during€these€events.€œÌÌ›à àWhen€asked€why€she€did€not€tell,€S.E.€stated€that€she€was€afraid€and€thatÏDefendant€said€ð ðit€was€our€secret€.€.€.€and€I€considered€him€my€dad,€so€I€said€this€isÏwhat€dad€said,€and€I€had€better€listen.ðð€€The€victim€told€her€best€friend€about€theseÏevents,€and€that€led€to€her€mother€finding€out€about€the€sexual€abuse.€€S.E.€wentÏthrough€therapy€because€of€these€events,€but€reported€that€she€was€doing€fine€atÏthe€time€of€her€testimony.ÌÌà àMarcia€Hughes,€S.E.ððs€mother€and€the€Defendantððs€ex„wife,€first€learned€ofÏthe€abuse€when€a€police€detective€came€to€her€place€of€employment€and€told€her.€ÏShe€took€the€victim€and€left€their€residence€with€the€Defendant€that€day.€€Ms.ÏHughes€stated€that€she€did€not€have€any€money€and€that€when€she€returned€toÏher€home€several€days€later,€the€Defendant€had€removed€all€her€money€andÏcharge€cards€from€her€wallet.€€Defendant€also€emptied€out€her€bank€account.€€SheÍand€S.E.€stayed€with€family€members€until€she€got€assistance€from€the€DepartmentÏof€Human€Services.€€Ms.€Hughes€recalled€that€the€victim€was€in€counseling€at€theÏGuidance€Center€in€Murfreesboro€for€five€(5)€or€six€(6)€months.€€At€first,€S.E.Ïappeared€relieved€that€the€abuse€stopped,€but€then€she€was€very€sorry€that€sheÏtold€because€everything€had€been€taken€away€from€her.€€Then,€the€victim€becameÏangry,€and€Ms.€Hughes€feared€that€when€S.E.€gets€older€the€anger€will€return.€ÏDuring€this€time€period,€Ms.€Hughes€stated€that€the€Defendant€never€offered€to€helpÏthem€and€the€only€way€they€were€able€to€return€to€live€in€their€home€was€becauseÏof€a€court€order.€€ÌÌà àJamie€Langley€is€a€counselor€at€the€Guidance€Center€in€Murfreesboro,ÏTennessee.€€She€was€involved€in€S.E.ððs€treatment€€which€began€in€NovemberÏ1991€and€continued€through€March€31,€1992.€€The€victim€was€placed€in€a€girlsðð€sexÏabuse€treatment€group€where€she€expressed€feelings€of€anger,€shame€andÏembarrassment€about€the€abuse€that€occurred.€€During€the€sessions,€S.E.Ïdescribed€nightmares€and€anxiety,€but€overall€was€doing€well.€€Langley€believedÏthat€S.E.€had€benefited€greatly€from€the€support€of€her€mother€and€family€such€thatÏshe€was€better€equipped€to€deal€with€the€trauma.€€The€victim€asked€to€discontinueÏtherapy€in€March,€and€Langley€stated€that€this€is€a€common€practice€as€childrenÏwant€to€forget€the€events€which€cause€them€pain.€€In€May,€S.E.ððs€mother€called€toÏplace€her€back€into€therapy,€but€they€subsequently€had€to€move€and€Langley€hadÍnot€seen€the€victim€since€March.€€Langley€thought€that€S.E.€would€continue€to€haveÏproblems€regarding€the€abuse€and€possibly€suffer€from€a€mental€health€disorderÏlater€in€life.ÌÌà àDr.€John€Holloran€testified€for€the€defense.€€He€is€the€Director€at€New€LifeÏLodge,€a€treatment€center€for€drug€and€alcohol€addiction.€€The€Defendant€was€oneÏof€his€patients,€and€when€he€began€treatment€Defendant€was€in€the€ð ðcrucial€stageððÏof€alcoholism.€€Defendant€abused€alcohol€for€twenty„five€(25)€years,€dailyÏconsuming€between€twelve€(12)€to€twenty„four€(24)€beers€and€half€a€liter€of€scotch.€ÏDr.€Holloran€reported€that€Defendant€made€every€effort€to€deal€with€his€disease€andÏwas€an€excellent€patient.ÌÌà àDon€Roy€served€as€Defendantððs€sponsor€in€Alcoholics€Anonymous.€€RoyÏstated€that€Defendant€had€terrible€remorse€and€guilt€regarding€his€abuse€of€S.E.€ÏDefendant€never€denied€the€charges€against€him.ÌÌà àRon€Hutcheson€was€Defendantððs€co„sponsor€in€Alcoholics€Anonymous€andÏstated€that€Defendant€expressed€remorse€for€his€actions.€€Defendant€never€deniedÏthat€the€events€occurred€and€was€willing€to€face€trial.ÌÌà àRobert€Vero,€the€Executive€Director€of€Luton€Mental€Health€Services€inÏNashville,€evaluated€Defendant€as€an€adult€sexual€offender.€€He€evaluatedÏDefendant€on€two€occasions€to€determine€his€sexual€predisposition€towardÏviolence,€age€and€gender.€€Vero€wanted€to€make€a€determination€as€to€his€overallÏrisk€to€the€community€as€a€known€sex€offender.€€Defendantððs€physiological€examÏwas€broken€into€two€parts€during€which€he€was€exposed€to€nudity€slides€ofÏindividuals€of€both€genders€ranging€from€two€(2)€years€of€age€through€adulthoodÏthen€exposure€to€a€tape€of€pedophilia€to€determine€whether€or€not€Defendant€hasÏa€proclivity€toward€violence€or€non„violence.€€Defendant€showed€sexual€arousalÏduring€audio€stimulation€of€an€adult€with€a€consenting€or€initiating€child,€but€did€notÏshow€any€arousal€to€forced€sexual€activity€or€violence€with€children.€€In€determiningÏwhether€Defendant€is€a€violent€threat€to€the€community,€Vero€determined€thatÏDefendant€used€moderate€coercion€practices€to€commit€acts€of€sexual€abuse.€ÌÌà àDefendant€perceives€the€world€through€very€distorted€thinking,€makingÏð ðmeaning€of€the€world€in€the€way€that€he€needs€the€world€to€be.ðð€€Defendant€ð ðtendsÏto€make€meaning€of€relationships€in€the€way€that€he€needs€to€see€relationships.ðð€€ÌWhen€asked€why€Defendant€sought€gratification€through€S.E.,€Defendant€statedÏthat€he€ð ðfelt€[she]€did€not€love€me€as€much€as€her€own€dad.€€I€love€her€so€much.€€IÏdonððt€want€to€make€this€sound€like€an€excuse,€but€.€.€.€itððs€going€to€make€this€childÏlove€me.ðð€€Vero€described€this€statement€as€a€classic€example€of€distortion.€€ÌÌà àThe€role€alcohol€played€in€the€Defendantððs€sexually€abusive€behavior€wasÏas€a€disinhibitor,€therefore€it€would€not€be€sufficient€to€remove€alcohol€fromÏDefendantððs€life€in€order€to€prevent€further€episodes€of€sexual€abuse.€€The€alcoholÏallowed€Defendant€to€dull€his€inhibitions,€allowing€him€to€penetrate€the€victim.€€As€aÏresult€of€his€evaluation,€Vero€recommended€treatment€for€Defendantððs€sexuallyÏoffensive€behavior€and€some€term€of€incarceration.€€Defendant€has€a€ð ðgood€chanceÏat€learning€how€to€control€his€sexually€abnormal€behavior€.€.€.€but€no€chance€ofÏcuring€his€sexually€abnormal€behavior.ðð€€Defendant€would€need€lifelong€treatment,Ïand€would€still€require€good€surveillance€mechanisms€for€monitoring€his€behavior€inÏorder€to€be€a€minimal€risk€to€the€community.€€ÌÌà àDefendant€admitted€to€digital€finger€penetration€of€the€victimððs€vagina,€oralÏsex,€both€cunnilingus€and€fellatio,€and€penile€penetration€of€her€labia.€€DefendantÏhad€no€recollection€of€anal€intercourse.€€Defendant€adamantly€denied€ejaculating€inÏthe€presence€of€or€inside€of€the€victim.ÌÌà àThe€Defendant€testified€that€he€was€a€recovering€alcoholic.€€He€knew€that€heÏhad€done€something€terribly€wrong,€but€could€not€recollect€exactly€what€it€was€thatÏhe€had€done.€€Defendant€thought€that€he€had€blacked€out€through€most€of€theÏsexual€abuse.€€When€he€found€out€from€Detective€Ronald€Carter€that€he€wasÍcharged€with€eleven€(11)€counts€of€rape,€he€was€scared€and€did€not€know€that€heÏhad€penetrated€S.E.€€Over€a€period€of€time,€he€recalled€all€that€went€on,€but€it€is€stillÏð ðvery€cloudy.ðð€€Defendant€admitted€that€the€victim€is€a€very€truthful€person€and€is€aÏgood,€respectable€little€girl€who€would€not€lie.€€Defendant€believed€that€most€of€hisÏcrimes€were€alcohol€related€and€that€he€would€never€drink€again.ÌÌà àDefendant€felt€that€he€was€capable€of€rehabilitation€and€could€be€aÏproductive€member€of€society,€but€needed€continued€alcohol€and€sexual€treatment.€ÏHe€was€willing€to€do€whatever€he€could€personally€do€to€help€the€victim.€€ÌÌà àOn€cross„examination,€Defendant€recalled€that€the€first€instance€of€abuseÏoccurred€when€the€victim€was€four€(4)€years€old.€€Defendant€claimed€that€S.E.Ïcrawled€up€in€his€lap€where€he€was€sitting€with€his€pants€unzipped.€€S.E.€wasÏvery€curious€about€what€a€male€looked€like,€and€he€eventually€molested€her€afterÏthe€victim€initiated€the€touching€and€wanted€to€ð ðfind€out€what€it€was€all€about.ðð€€OnÏa€later€occasion,€S.E.€came€into€the€Defendantððs€bedroom€while€the€DefendantÏwas€lying€in€bed€and€asked€him€to€do€all€the€things€to€her€that€he€and€her€motherÏdid.€€Defendant€did€admit€to€doing€sexual€things€to€the€victim€without€her€asking€forÏthose€things€to€occur,€but€he€could€not€recall€any€of€these€occasions.€€He€recalledÏthat€S.E.€often€came€into€his€room€without€wearing€any€clothes.€€When€asked€if€theÏvictim€initiated€the€contact,€Defendant€stated€that€ð ðshe€was€in€our€bed€a€lot.ðð€ÍDefendant€did€not€admit€guilt€initially€due€to€his€fear€and€concern€for€the€victim;€heÏknew€he€had€done€something€but€did€not€know€exactly€what€it€was.ÌÌà àThe€trial€court€sentenced€Defendant€on€each€of€these€eleven€(11)€counts€toÏserve€a€term€of€twenty€(20)€years€in€the€Department€of€Correction.€€Four€(4)€of€theseÏsentences€were€to€be€served€consecutively€to€each€other,€with€the€rest€to€runÏconcurrently.€€The€total€sentence€was€eighty€(80)€years.€€The€trial€court€stated€that€itÏwould€reduce€to€writing€the€checklist€of€enhancing€factors€that€it€relied€upon.€€TheÏfact€that€Defendant€had€acknowledged€misconduct€and€started€the€process€ofÏcorrecting€his€misconduct€was€taken€into€account.€€Consequently,€the€trial€courtÏfound€that€there€were€significant€limitations€regarding€the€mitigation.€€Regarding€hisÏcredibility,€Defendantððs€memory€was€remarkably€vivid€when€putting€the€blame€onÏthe€victim€as€he€could€remember€in€minute€details€her€ð ðvarious€seductive€activities.ðð€ÏWhen€asked€to€recall€his€own€conduct,€he€conveniently€blacked€out.€€The€trial€courtÏfound€this€lack€of€credibility€as€impacting€on€the€success€of€treatment,€the€need€forÏpunishment€and€the€need€to€protect€society.€€ÌÌà àWhile€the€trial€court€recognized€the€Defendantððs€problem€with€alcohol,€it€couldÏnot€overlook€the€fact€that€if€the€victim€had€not€reported€the€abuse€then€the€abuseÏwould€have€continued.€€Only€when€Defendant€was€forced€to€protect€himself€fromÏthese€accusations€did€he€determine€that€he€needed€treatment.€€The€trial€court€furtherÍnoted€that€there€is€an€enormous€need€for€deterrence€of€this€type€of€criminal€activity€inÏthe€courtððs€jurisdiction€and€would€take€judicial€notice€of€that€fact.ÌÌà àOur€review€of€this€sentence€is€òòdeóó€òònovoóó,€without€a€presumption€ofÏcorrectness,€because€the€trial€court€failed€to€explicitly€set€forth€the€enhancementÏfactors.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(f).€€By€failing€to€state€the€relevant€findings€ofÏfact,€the€trial€court€did€not€justify€the€application€of€enhancement€factors€and€how€itÏdetermined€the€weight€to€which€it€applied€each€of€the€factors.€€Ìà àà àà àà àà àÌà àIn€conducting€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€of€a€sentence,€this€court€must€consider:€(a)Ïthe€evidence,€if€any,€received€at€trial€and€the€sentencing€hearing;€(b)€theÏpresentence€report;€(c)€the€principles€of€sentencing€and€arguments€as€to€sentencingÏalternatives;€(d)€the€nature€and€characteristics€of€the€criminal€conduct€involved;€(e)Ïany€statutory€mitigating€or€enhancement€factors;€(f)€any€statement€that€theÏdefendant€made€on€his€own€behalf;€and€(g)€the€potential€or€lack€of€potential€forÏrehabilitation€or€treatment.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€40„35„102,€„103,€and€„210;€òòseeóóÏòòState€v.€Smithóó,€735€S.W.2d€859,€863€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).ÌÌà àAggravated€rape€is€a€Class€A€felony.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„502(b).€ÏHaving€no€prior€criminal€record,€Defendant€was€sentenced€as€a€Range€I,€Standard€ÏOffender,€subject€to€a€sentence€of€not€less€than€fifteen€(15)€nor€more€than€twenty„five€(25)€years.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„112(a)(1).€€This€offense€andÏDefendantððs€subsequent€sentencing€occurred€prior€to€the€amendment€of€TennesseeÏCode€Annotated€section€40„35„210(c)€which€sets€the€presumptive€sentence€for€aÏClass€A€felony€at€the€midpoint€of€the€range.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(c)(1997ÏRepl.).€€At€the€time€of€Defendantððs€offense€and€sentencing,€the€presumptiveÏsentence€was€the€minimum€within€the€range€if€there€were€no€mitigating€orÏenhancement€factors.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(c)(1990€Repl)(repealedÏ1995).€€If€there€are€enhancement€and€mitigating€factors,€then€the€court€must€start€atÏthe€minimum€sentence,€enhance€the€sentence€as€appropriate€for€the€enhancementÏfactors,€and€then€reduce€the€sentence€within€the€range€as€appropriate€for€theÏmitigating€factors.€€òòIdóó.€at€(e).€€ÌÌà àDefendant€argues€that€his€sentence€of€twenty€(20)€years€for€each€offense€isÏexcessive.€€While€the€trial€court€stated€that€it€would€set€forth€written€findings€of€factÏas€to€the€applicable€enhancement€factors,€these€findings€were€not€establishedÏwithin€the€record€as€required€under€€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€40„35„210(f).€€Under€our€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review,€we€find€the€following€factors€applicable.€First,€theÏvictim€of€the€offenses€was€particularly€vulnerable€because€of€age.€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€40„35„114(4).€€Even€though€age€was€an€essential€element€of€the€crimes€forÏwhich€Defendant€was€convicted,€the€victim€was€particularly€vulnerable€because€ofÏher€extremely€young€age€of€four€(4)€years€and€her€vulnerability€due€to€herÍrelationship€with€her€stepfather.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€McKnightóó,€900€S.W.2d€36,€54€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1994).€€Also,€the€offenses€involved€a€victim€and€were€committed€toÏgratify€the€Defendantððs€desire€for€pleasure€or€excitement.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(7).€€Testimony€was€given€describing€Defendantððs€ejaculation€during€theseÏepisodes€of€abuse€and€that€Defendant€was€evaluated€and€determined€to€haveÏsexual€arousal€and€pleasure€from€consensual€sexual€activities€with€young€femaleÏchildren.€€Pleasure€or€excitement€is€not€an€essential€element€of€the€offense€of€rapeÏand,€therefore,€may€be€considered€as€an€appropriate€enhancement€factor.€€òòState€v.ÏAdamsóó,€864€S.W.2d€31,€35€(Tenn.€1993)€(citations€omitted).€€Finally,€the€DefendantÏabused€a€position€of€private€trust€when€committing€these€offenses.€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€40„35„114(15).€€The€victim€testified€that€the€Defendant€told€her€this€was€ð ðourÏsecretðð€and€that€she€considered€him€her€dad,€so€she€ð ðhad€better€listen.ðð€€TheÏDefendantððs€status€as€stepfather€while€living€with€the€victimððs€mother€is€a€sufficientÏbasis€for€sentence€enhancement€under€factor€(15).€€òòAdamsóó,€864€S.W.2d€at€34.ÌÌà àThe€only€applicable€mitigating€factor,€one€which€the€trial€court€did€mention€atÏthe€conclusion€of€the€hearing,€is€the€Defendantððs€remorse€for€his€actions.€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(13).€€As€the€trial€court€correctly€stated,€this€mitigating€factorÏshould€not€be€given€much€weight€as€Defendant€would€still€probably€be€committingÏthese€offenses€if€the€victim€had€not€told€of€the€abuse.€€Furthermore,€the€DefendantÏinsisted€at€the€sentencing€hearing€that€the€victim€initiated€these€sexual€offenses.€€ItÍis€evident€that€Defendant€has€not€yet€taken€the€responsibility€for€his€heinousÏactions.ÌÌà àUnder€our€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review,€the€sentence€of€twenty€(20)€years€is€appropriateÏgiven€the€application€of€three€(3)€enhancement€factors.€€The€evidence€ofÏDefendantððs€repeated€course€of€sexual€abuse€of€the€victim€over€a€five€(5)€yearÏperiod€and€the€resulting€emotional€injuries€fully€support€this€sentence.€€DefendantÏurges€this€court€to€consider€his€potential€for€rehabilitation,€but€the€evaluation€ofÏDefendant€proved€that€he€might€commit€sexual€offenses€at€a€later€date.€ÏDefendantððs€continued€blame€of€the€victim€for€the€occurrence€of€these€sexualÏepisodes€is€evidence€of€his€lack€of€responsibility€for€his€actions,€and€this€directlyÏbears€upon€his€potential€for€rehabilitation.€€Defendant€argues€that€the€trial€courtÏconsidered€uncharged€sexual€acts€when€sentencing€the€Defendant.€€We€can€findÏno€evidence€of€this€in€the€record.€€The€Defendantððs€sentence€of€twenty€(20)€yearsÏfor€each€sentence€was€appropriate,€and€these€issues€have€no€merit.ÌÌà àDefendant€also€contests€the€consecutive€nature€of€these€sentences.€€FourÏ(4)€of€the€eleven€(11)€sentences€were€ordered€to€be€served€consecutively,€with€theÏremaining€seven€(7)€to€be€served€concurrently€with€each€other€and€the€otherÏsentences.€€If€a€defendant€is€convicted€of€more€than€one€(1)€criminal€offense,€theÏtrial€court€may€order€his€sentences€to€run€consecutively€when€the€offenses€involveÍsexual€abuse€of€a€minor€with€consideration€to€the€aggravating€circumstancesÏarising€from€the€relationship€between€the€defendant€and€the€victim,€the€time€span€ofÏdefendantððs€undetected€sexual€activity,€the€nature€and€scope€of€the€sexual€actsÏand€the€extent€of€the€residual,€physical€and€mental€damage€to€the€victim€or€victims.€ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(5).€€In€the€case€òòsubóó€òòjudiceóó,€the€DefendantÏsexually€abused€his€stepdaughter€from€the€time€she€was€four€(4)€years€of€age€untilÏshe€was€nine€(9).€€The€abuse€only€ceased€at€that€time€because€S.E.€told€her€bestÏfriend€of€these€offenses.€€The€Defendant€employed€coercive€tactics€to€keep€theÏvictim€silent€for€a€period€of€five€(5)€years,€and€during€that€time€committed€every€typeÏof€rape€imaginable,€including€oral,€vaginal€and€anal.€€S.E.€testified€that€she€had€toÏreceive€counseling,€and€her€counselor€suggested€that€she€would€continue€to€needÏcounseling.€€While€S.E.€was€not€currently€undergoing€therapy,€there€was€sufficientÏevidence€of€the€victimððs€anger,€shame€and€embarrassment€regarding€the€abuse€toÏconstitute€her€emotional€and€mental€damage€as€a€result€of€the€DefendantððsÏrepeated€abuse.€€In€addition,€an€extended€sentence€is€necessary€for€theÏDefendant€to€protect€the€public€against€further€criminal€conduct€and€the€sentencesÏreasonably€relate€to€the€severity€of€the€offenses€Defendant€committed.€€òòState€v.ÏWilkersonóó,€905€S.W.2d€933€(Tenn.€1995).€€This€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌà àIn€his€final€issue,€Defendant€argues€that€the€indictments€are€invalid€as€theyÏfail€to€charge€the€Defendant€with€the€requisite€òòmens€reaóó€element€of€ð ðintentionally,Íknowingly€or€recklesslyðð€raping€the€victim€in€violation€of€Tennessee€Code€AnnotatedÏsection€39„13„502.€€The€substance€of€each€count€of€the€indictment€which€chargesÏaggravated€rape€is€as€follows:ÌÓÓà8 àThat€Michael€Douglas€Hughes€on€a€day€in€1990€or€1991,€in€DavidsonÏCounty,€Tennessee€and€before€the€finding€of€this€indictment,€didÏengage€in€unlawful€sexual€penetration€of€[S.H.],€a€child€less€thanÏthirteen€(13)€years€of€age,€in€violation€of€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ððÏ39„13„502,€and€against€the€peace€and€dignity€of€the€State€ofÏTennessee.ÌÌÓÓà àDefendant€relies€upon€a€decision€of€this€court€in€òòState€v.€Roger€Dale€Hillóó,€No.Ï01C01„9508„CC„00267,€Wayne€County€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Nashville,€June€20,Ï1996).€€The€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€recently€reversed€this€courtððs€decision€inÏòòState€v.€Hillóó,€954€S.W.2d€725€(Tenn.1997).€€The€indictment€in€òòHillóó€charged€theÏdefendant€in€all€counts€with€the€following:ÌÓÓà8 à[The€defendant]€did€unlawfully€sexually€penetrate€[the€victim],€a€personÏless€than€thirteen€(13)€years€of€age,€in€violation€of€Tennessee€CodeÏAnnotated€ðð€39„13„502,€all€of€which€is€against€the€peace€and€dignityÏof€the€State€of€Tennessee.ÌÌÓÓThe€supreme€court€in€òòHillóó€held€that€the€required€mental€state€may€be€inferred€from€theÏnature€of€the€criminal€conduct€alleged€in€the€indictment€under€review€in€that€case.€ÏAs€the€statutory€elements€of€the€offenses€are€identical€to€that€in€the€indictment€in€òòHillóó,Ïour€supreme€courtððs€decision€is€controlling.€€The€required€mental€state€of€intentionally,Ïknowingly€or€recklessly€may€be€inferred€from€the€nature€of€the€criminal€conductÏalleged€in€this€indictment.€€òòIdóó.€at€729.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌà àWe€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.Ó  ÓÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà à____________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àTHOMAS€T.€WOODALL,€JudgeÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌGARY€R.€WADE,€Presiding€JudgeÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌL.€T.€LAFFERTY,€Special€Judge