ÿWPC´# À ÆWÍF.S&Ïn˜½yRŽM0uN êó¸U¥r²˜®™i?ž’Ó6L©Ç®aSj=¤²F.Iù»wÆNW8ñ²6¸Ð rçµê^ú®ÇcHîDÌʇE¬yÎê ùfa=¨A>l ¸vë*uPX*!!“òa)6Ù¶ùh̘ˆwöÉ¿?oa¯M®•ÏOºxã NJ¨5»<Æ$y˜c‡~? ¸9)é5aå:¢P—– ¡ÜMÙh'«:‚=«[•1?HÑú“+žúVŸ «+ÒŽ¼¢ [¡‰k€ä§bKÁ»ùÈà„9êN:ÏnBÕ–õóoÅ*Xoˆ£Ô`”UÐy§\ÇZžÛ’||¹ÖøÁã*3/ÂiÖs7Ðj¨H‘UÖñb1.æ±îQ”¡YŠKÕO}Zi7/j‰ô°û6juz©ŠÇëöê©êS†Hñ°gq{qŒ?™§y?0Ëù@e öØ»]e1ï’€s‚ë4`û¯³ãŸ¹lÕ]?j¶Ód6†G¶ž¬ð·‹ûÞÚà=b磩r˜¨\³ ì8F.E’“¢ºÃ½gÞÆ‘ÊÞ‹³®Â5(Gt˜8£( ÇíÒÿø9Çr͵f-˜®§!$`VHß„µ­³Baº¿àÞb %\U@b 0Ÿ¢UNA1áÀ ^ ¡ z­Ò'wù4ý Æ"ÆèÆ®Æt m:NQ#ÁSYEm¯oú 0D    bdddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd 0llll Bnn 0»‹ D3F D-y 0K¦ ¦ ASñ ÆD! 0» " 0DÅ" A« #»(ÎáA Z‹(Times New Roman (wØA$¡¡Ô  ÔÑ  ÑÑ€..ÑÑ8€ µ»»dXXdì8ÑÑ ýý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular 'Ý ƒR“"$ÝÔ  ÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô³-ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔWe€note€that€the€child€abuse€statute€explicitly€states€that€a€ð ðviolation€of€this€section€may€be€a€lesser€includedÐ ° Ðoffense€of€any€kind€of€.€.€.€statutory€assault€.€.€.€if€the€victim€is€a€child€and€the€evidence€supports€a€charge€under€thisÐ tÄ Ðsection.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„15„401(d).€€There€is€no€such€provision€in€the€aggravated€child€abuse€statute.€€Thus,€theÐ 8ˆ Ðlegislature€has€not€statutorily€designated€aggravated€child€abuse€a€lesser€included€offense€of€any€statutory€assault.€€òòSeeóóÐ üL ÐòòState€v.€Ô_ÔDuckerÔ_Ôóó,€27€S.W.3d,€889,€893€n.€1€(Tenn.€2000). ×Ý ƒR“"$ÝÔ  ÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô³-ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€Defendant€asserts€that€the€jury€should€have€been€instructed€on€another€provision€of€aggravated€assault,Ð ° Ðwhich€provides:€ð ðA€person€commits€aggravated€assault€who,€being€the€parent€or€custodian€of€a€child€or€the€custodianÐ tÄ Ðof€an€adult,€intentionally€or€knowingly€fails€or€refuses€to€protect€such€child€or€adult€from€an€aggravated€assault€as€definedÐ 8ˆ Ðin€subdivision€(a)(1)€or€aggravated€child€abuse€as€defined€in€ðð€39„15„402.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„102(b).€€ThisÐ üL Ðprovision€of€aggravated€assault€is€clearly€not€a€lesser€included€offense€of€aggravated€child€abuse€under€òòBurnsóó.€€It€containsÐ À Ðmultiple€statutory€elements€that€are€not€included€within€the€elements€of€aggravated€child€abuse,€the€additional€elementsÐ „Ô Ðdo€not€establish€a€less€culpable€mental€state€or€a€less€serious€risk€of€harm€to€the€victim,€and€the€offense€is€not€an€attempt,Ð H ˜ Ðfacilitation,€or€solicitation€to€commit€the€offense€charged.€€òòSeeóó€òòBurnsóó,€6€S.W.3d€at€166„67.€€”œ)â  ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt•jW)bk2¨u£3|xLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ˜HP LaserJet 4050 Series PCL 6ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0 OÝ ƒR“"$ÝÔ  ÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô³-ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔTennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€39„11„301(a)(2)€states€that,€ð ðWhen€recklessness€suffices€to€establish€an€element,Ð ° Ðthat€element€is€also€established€if€a€person€acts€intentionally€or€knowingly.ðð€€Therefore,€an€equally€compelling€argumentÐ tÄ Ðcould€perhaps€be€made€that€reckless€aggravated€assault€is€also€a€lesser€included€offense€of€aggravated€child€abuse€underÐ 8ˆ Ðpart€(a)€of€the€òòBurnsóó€test. ¥Ý ƒR“"$ÝÔ  ÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô³-ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔòòSeeóó€n.€3,€òòsupraóó. ðÝ ƒR“"$ÝÔ  ÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô³-ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔWe€note€that€there€has€been€some€disagreement€among€members€of€this€Court€concerning€the€proper€standardÐ ° Ðfor€determining€whether€a€trial€courtððs€error€in€failing€to€charge€a€lesser€included€offense€is€harmless€or€reversible.€€òòSeeóóÐ tÄ ÐòòState€v.€Jumbo€Kurióó,€No.€M1999„00638„CCA„R3„CD,€2000€WL€680373,€at€*6„7€Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€€Nashville,€MayÐ 8ˆ Ð25,€2000);€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔKhanhÔ_Ô€Leóó,€No.€W1998„00637„CCA„R3„CD,€2000€WL€284425,€at€*8„7€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.,€Jackson,Ð üL ÐMar.€9,€2000);€òòState€v.€Curtis€J.€Elyóó,€No.€03C01„9806„CC„00215,€1999€WL€997505,€at€*8„10€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.Ð À ÐKnoxville,€Nov.€4,€1999)€(Wade,€J.,€dissenting);€òò€perm.€app.€granted€óó(Tenn.€May€22,€2000). (#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó- ù-(“G2“"$¤¤Ý ƒØA!ÝÔ  ÔÑ  ÑÑ€.ÑÑ8€ »»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô³-ò»»Ô d(“3‚Ç$££Ý ƒØA!ÝÔ  ÔÑ  ÑÑ€.ÑÑ8€ »»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(“3‚Ç$¢¢Ý ƒØA!ÝÔ  ÔÑ  ÑÑ€.ÑÑ8€ »»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒØA!ÝÔ  ÔÑ  ÑÑ€.ÑÑ8€ »»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÔ€¼ »»»ÔÑ8€WÉXXdì»»d8Ñà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àà È àà  àà x àà Ð àà@ttìàÔ‡î 4 ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@WW$ìàAT€KNOXVILLEÔ#†¼ »îî 4§#ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àAugust€2000€SessionÐ üL ÐÔ‡XWÉX»¼ ÔÌò òÔ#†¼ »XXWɬ#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE€v.€CORNELIUS€MICHAEL€HYDEÔ‡XWÉX»¼ Ôó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò ò€Appeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Ô_ÔBlountÔ_Ô€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€C„10230,à0 @ àà0 @ àà0 @ à€€€€€D.€Kelly€Thomas,€Jr.,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€E2000„00042„CCA„R3„CDÐ ¥õ  ÐDecember€28,€Ô_Ô2000Ô_ÔÐ ‘á  ÐßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€Defendant€appeals€as€of€right€from€his€conviction€of€aggravated€child€abuse.€€After€being€foundÐ xÈ  Ðguilty€of€aggravated€child€abuse€by€a€jury,€the€Defendant€was€sentenced€to€twenty„one€years.€€OnÐ d´ Ðappeal,€he€raises€the€following€eight€issues:€€(1)€whether€the€evidence€was€sufficient€to€sustain€hisÐ P  Ðconviction;€(2)€whether€the€trial€court€erred€by€not€requiring€the€State€to€respond€to€his€Motion€forÐ <Œ Ða€Bill€of€Particulars;€(3)€whether€the€trial€court€erred€by€admitting€photographs€of€the€victimððsÐ (x Ðinjuries€and€by€allowing€the€photographs€to€be€projected€to€the€jury€throughout€the€trial;€(4)€whetherÐ d Ðthe€trial€court€erred€by€not€allowing€the€Defendant€to€cross„examine€the€Stateððs€expert€concerningÐ P Ðexamples€of€serious€bodily€injury;€(5)€whether€the€trial€court€erred€by€not€including€the€statutoryÐ ì< Ðdefinition€of€"injury"€in€the€child€abuse€instruction,€but€including€it€in€the€aggravated€child€abuseÐ Ø( Ðinstruction;€(6)€whether€the€trial€court€erred€by€not€charging€the€jury€with€the€lesser€included€offensesÐ Ä Ðof€assault€and€aggravated€assault;€(7)€whether€the€trial€court€erred€by€not€properly€redacting€theÐ ° Ðvictimððs€medical€report€so€as€to€eliminate€a€reference€to€the€Defendant€as€the€"chief€suspect"€in€theÐ œì Ðcase;€and€(8)€whether€the€trial€court€erred€by€not€redacting€the€Defendantððs€statement€to€eliminateÐ ˆØ Ðthe€detectiveððs€use€of€the€word€"extremely"€and€by€permitting€unintelligible€portions€of€the€statementÐ tÄ Ðto€be€heard€by€the€jury.€€We€hold€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€failing€to€instruct€the€jury€on€the€lesserÐ `° Ðincluded€offenses€of€aggravated€assault€and€assault,€but€that€such€error€was€harmless.€€We€find€noÐ L œ Ðother€error;€accordingly,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.€€Ð 8!ˆ  ÐÓŒÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Circuit€Court€Affirmedó óÐ #`" ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼ »àXWÉ#ÔÔ‡XWÉX.¼ ÔDavid€H.€Welles,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court.€€òòRobert€W.€Ô_ÔWedemeyerÔ_Ô,€Jóó.,€filed€aÐ è$8 $ Ðconcurring€opinion.€€òòJoseph€M.€Ô_ÔTiptonÔ_Ô,€Jóó.,€filed€an€opinion€concurring€in€part€and€dissenting€in€part.Ð Ô%$!% ÐÌEugene€B.€Dixon,€Ô_ÔMaryvilleÔ_Ô,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Cornelius€Michael€Hyde.Ð ¬'ü"' ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Clinton€J.€Morgan,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð „)Ô$) ÐMike€Flynn,€District€Attorney€General;€Kirk€Andrews€and€Edward€P.€Bailey,€Jr.,€Assistant€DistrictÐ p*À%* ÐAttorneys€General,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð \+¬&+ ÐÌÓÓÐ 4-„(-ý ÐÔ_Ôà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼ »XXWÉA#ÔÔ‡XWÉX»¼ ÔÐ ° ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼ »XXWÉÓ#ÔÔ‡XWÉX»¼ ÔÓ  Óà  àThe€proof€at€trial€established€that€the€Defendant€was€stopped€for€a€traffic€violation€onÐ ˆØ ÐFebruary€1,€1997€by€Deputy€Sheriff€Jay€Colvin€of€the€Blount€County€Sheriffððs€Department.€€DeputyÐ tÄ ÐColvin€observed€a€small€child€sitting€in€the€passenger€seat€with€only€a€seat€belt€restraining€him,Ð `° Ðrather€than€a€proper€child€restraint€device.€€Upon€further€observation,€Deputy€Colvin€noticed€bruisingÐ L œ Ðon€the€child,€later€identified€as€three„year€old€Jacob€Randall€Duke,€who€was€the€son€of€theÐ 8 ˆ ÐDefendantððs€girlfriend,€Angela€Gates.€€Deputy€Colvin€testified€that€the€child€had€a€ð ðblood€blisterððÐ $ t Ðon€his€bottom€lip,€and€he€had€bruises€all€over€his€face€and€around€his€arms.€€Both€the€child€and€theÐ  ` ÐDefendant€were€taken€to€the€Blount€County€Sheriffððs€Department,€where€photographs€were€takenÐ ü L  Ðof€the€child,€and€the€Defendant€was€interviewed.€€Ô#†¼ »XXWÉ1#ÔÔ€XWÉX»¼ ÔÐ è 8  ÐÌà  àDr.€Al€Romans,€an€emergency€department€physician€at€Blount€Memorial€Hospital,€testified€Ð À  Ðthat€he€examined€the€victim,€Jacob€Duke,€on€the€evening€of€February€1,€1997.€€Dr.€Romans€said€thatÐ ¬ü  Ðthe€child€was€walking,€that€he€was€active€and€playful,€and€that€he€interacted€well€with€the€hospitalÐ ˜è  Ðstaff.€€Jacob€had€no€broken€bones,€and€all€of€his€extremities€had€full€range€of€motion.€€However,€Dr.Ð „Ô  ÐRomans€testified€that€the€child€had€contusions,€or€bruises,€all€over€his€body.€€He€observed€contusionsÐ pÀ Ðand€hematomas€in€varying€degrees€of€healing€on€Jacobððs€forehead,€cheeks,€back,€anterior€chest,Ð \¬ Ðlower€abdomen,€and€thighs.€€He€also€observed€irritation€and€swelling€of€the€childððs€genital€area.€€InÐ H˜ Ðhis€report,€Dr.€Romans€said,€ð ðThere€is€not€one€quadrant€of€this€patientððs€body€that€does€not€have€aÐ 4„ Ðmark€or€contusion€secondary€to,€my€opinion,€abuse.ððÐ  p ÐÌà  à€€€€Dr.€Romans€testified€that€in€his€opinion,€the€injuries€to€Jacob€were€not€accidental.€€He€saidÐ øH Ðthat€they€were€the€result€of€blunt€trauma,€and€he€agreed€that€a€belt€could€have€caused€many€of€theÐ ä4 Ðinjuries.€€Dr.€Romans€could€not€testify€with€certainty€as€to€the€period€of€time€over€which€the€injuriesÐ Ð  Ðoccurred,€but€he€did€determine€that€not€all€of€the€injuries€occurred€at€once.€€He€explained€that€injuriesÐ ¼  Ðsuch€as€Jacobððs€take€ten€to€twenty„one€days€to€heal,€and€he€said€that€his€examination€took€place€aboutÐ ¨ø Ðseven€days€ð ðpost„injury.ðð€€He€also€said€that€the€infliction€of€the€injuries€would€have€caused€the€childÐ ”ä Ðð ðsevere€pain;ðð€however,€Dr.€Romans€said€that€Jacob€was€not€in€pain€during€the€examination.€€Dr.Ð €Ð ÐRomans€did€not€prescribe€any€pain€medication,€and€he€recommended€only€soap€and€water€for€theÐ l¼ Ðgenital€irritation.€€He€did,€however,€offer€the€following€opinion:€ð ðThe€pain€that€this€child€incurredÐ X ¨ Ðat€the€time€of€the€beating,€I€think,€was€severe,€extreme.€€Let€me€just€go€on€to€say€that€I€have€workedÐ D!” Ðin€the€Emergency€Department€for€18€years.€€I€have€never€seen€a€child€beaten€to€this€extent€in€18€yearsÐ 0"€  Ðof€practice.ððÐ #l! ÐÌà  àOn€cross„examination,€Dr.€Romans€testified€that€pain€is€relative€and€that€it€is€hard€toÐ ô$D # Ðdetermine€how€much€pain€a€patient€is€having.€€When€questioned€about€the€severity€of€JacobððsÐ à%0!$ Ðinjuries,€Dr.€Romans€testified€that€the€child€had€ð ðsuperficial€injuries,ðð€meaning€that€the€injuries€wereÐ Ì&"% Ðð ðon€the€surfaceðð€of€the€childððs€body.€€He€explained,€Ð ¸'#& Ðà8  àWhen€I€say€superficial,€itððs€the€fact€that€I€can€look€at€this€child€and€see€these€injuries.€Ð ¤(ô#' ÐI€donððt€have€to€do€any€diagnostic€testing€or€radiographic€x„ray€reports€or€anyÐ )à$( Ðsurgeries€to€look€on€the€inside€of€this€child€to€see€the€injuries.€€These€injuries€wereÐ |*Ì%) Ðall€manifestations€that€were€present€on€the€skin€that€you€could€see€with€just€a€cursoryÐ h+¸&* Ðexamination€of€this€child.€€But€if€I€misquoted€or€mis„termed€or€misstated€superficialÐ ° Ðwith€the€implication€being€that€these€were€not€significant€injuries,€Iððm€sorry€and€IÐ œì Ðapologize€to€the€Court.€€These€were,€in€my€opinion,€significant€injuries.ЈØÐ Ð  ÐÌDr.€Romans€did€testify€that€the€injuries€inflicted€upon€Jacob€would€not€have€any€long„term€physicalÐ `° Ðeffect.Ð L œ ÐÌà  àDr.€Romans€was€cross„examined€at€length€about€his€prior€preliminary€hearing€testimony,€inÐ $ t Ðwhich€he€had€said€that€the€cause€of€the€irritation€and€inflammation€of€the€childððs€genital€area€wasÐ  ` Ðð ðuncertain.ðð€€During€direct€examination,€Dr.€Romans€testified€that€this€irritation€was€caused€by€bluntÐ ü L  Ðtrauma.€€When€asked€to€explain€the€differences€in€his€testimony,€Dr.€Romans€testified€that€he€wasÐ è 8  Ðnot€certain€that€he€had€changed€his€testimony.€€He€said€that€after€his€initial€examination€he€educatedÐ Ô$  Ðhimself€further€about€child€abuse,€and€while€he€did€not€know€the€precise€cause€of€the€injuries€to€theÐ À  Ðchildððs€groin€area,€he€was€of€the€opinion€that€the€injuries€were€not€ð ða€natural€phenomenon.ðð€€€€€€€€Ð ¬ü  ÐÌà  àDetective€Scott€Carpenter€testified€that€he€interviewed€the€Defendant€on€February€1,€and€theÐ „Ô  ÐDefendant€agreed€to€talk€to€him€after€being€informed€of€his€rights.€€He€said€that€the€Defendant€toldÐ pÀ Ðhim€that€he€lived€with€Angela€Gates€and€her€son,€Jacob.€€At€first,€the€Defendant€denied€allÐ \¬ Ðknowledge€of€the€childððs€injuries€except€for€those€on€the€childððs€face,€and€he€told€DetectiveÐ H˜ ÐCarpenter€that€Ms.€Gates€had€said€the€child€fell€off€the€dresser€and€bumped€his€head.€€He€said€thatÐ 4„ Ðhe€never€bathed€the€child€or€changed€the€childððs€diaper€or€clothes€and€that€he€did€not€know€about€theÐ  p Ðother€bruises.€€He€told€Detective€Carpenter€that€caring€for€the€child€was€mainly€the€responsibility€ofÐ  \ ÐAngela€Gates.€€He€also€said€that€they€did€not€use€babysitters€and€that€the€child€was€almost€alwaysÐ øH Ðin€the€company€of€either€him€or€Ms.€Gates.€€After€being€shown€photographs€of€Jacobððs€bruises,€theÐ ä4 ÐDefendant€started€sobbing€and€then€he€said€that€he€had€injured€the€child.€€Detective€Carpenter€tookÐ Ð  Ða€recorded€statement€from€the€Defendant,€which€was€played€for€the€jury.€€In€that€statement,€theÐ ¼  ÐDefendant€admitted€ð ðwhippingðð€the€child€with€a€belt.€€The€Defendant€told€the€police€where€to€findÐ ¨ø Ðhis€residence€and€where€to€find€the€belt,€which€the€police€recovered.€€Detective€Carpenter€said€thatÐ ”ä Ðthe€Defendant€was€cooperative.€€He€also€said€that€this€case€was€ð ðworse€than€anything€Iððve€seen€inÐ €Ð Ðmy€career.ððÐ l¼ ÐÌà  àThe€Defendantððs€father,€Cornelius€Marion€Hyde,€testified€that€the€Defendant€worked€for€himÐ D!” Ðas€a€mechanic,€working€from€7:00€a.m.€until€7:00€to€10:00€p.m.€Monday€through€Saturday.€€OnÐ 0"€  Ðoccasion,€Ms.€Gates€would€bring€Jacob€to€the€business.€€Mr.€Hyde€testified€that€Jacob€never€appearedÐ #l! Ðto€be€afraid€of€the€Defendant,€and€Jacob€would€want€to€go€places€with€the€Defendant.Ð $X" ÐÌà  àCorena€Lynn€Russell,€the€Defendantððs€sister,€testified€that€she€would€sometimes€visit€Ms.Ð à%0!$ ÐGates€and€Jacob€during€the€day€when€the€Defendant€was€at€work.€€She€said€that€during€one€visit€aÐ Ì&"% Ðfew€weeks€before€the€Defendant€was€arrested,€she€entered€the€home€and€saw€Jacob€crying€with€Ms.Ð ¸'#& ÐGates€standing€over€him.€€Ms.€Russell€observed€a€ð ðpump„knotðð€bruise€on€Jacobððs€head.€€She€said€thatÐ ¤(ô#' ÐMs.€Gates€told€her€Jacob€jumped€off€the€sink€and€hit€his€head.€€Ms.€Russell€said€that€she€hadÐ )à$( Ðobserved€bruises€on€Jacob€before,€and€Ms.€Gates€had€told€her€that€Jacob€had€received€a€ð ðwhipping.ðð€Ð |*Ì%) ÐMs.€Russell€also€testified€that€once€while€she€was€shopping€with€Jacob€and€Ms.€Gates,€Jacob€ð ðgotÐ h+¸&* Ðsmartðð€with€Ms.€Gates,€and€Ms.€Gates€ð ðpopped€[Jacob]€in€the€mouthðð€hard€enough€to€make€hisÐ ° Ðmouth€bleed.€€Ms.€Russell€said€that€Ms.€Gates€would€sometimes€ð ðsmackðð€Jacob€in€the€back€of€theÐ œì Ðhead€or€ð ðswat€him.ðð€€When€all€of€this€occurred,€the€Defendant€was€not€present.Ð ˆØ ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€testified€at€trial€on€his€own€behalf,€and€he€admitted€that€he€had€spanked€JacobÐ `° Ðwith€a€belt€on€multiple€occasions.€€He€admitted€that€the€last€time€he€spanked€Jacob,€it€wasÐ L œ Ðð ðexcessive.ðð€€He€said€he€spanked€the€child€for€calling€his€mother€a€name.€€He€denied€ever€hittingÐ 8 ˆ ÐJacob€in€the€head,€face,€groin,€or€arms.€€He€said€that€Ms.€Gates€had€told€him€Jacob€injured€his€headÐ $ t Ðby€falling€off€the€dresser.€€He€testified€that€Jacob€was€a€very€active€child€and€that€he€could€haveÐ  ` Ðfallen€off€the€dresser.€€He€said€that€he€never€saw€the€child€naked€because€it€was€Ms.€GatesððÐ ü L  Ðresponsibility€to€bathe€the€child€and€change€his€clothes.€€He€admitted€crying€when€he€saw€theÐ è 8  Ðpictures€of€Jacobððs€bruises,€and€he€said,€ð ðI€didnððt€know€that€I€had€put€them€welts€and€stuff€on€him.ðð€Ð Ô$  ÐOn€cross„examination,€the€Defendant€admitted€that€he€could€have€made€some€of€the€bruises€thatÐ À  Ðwere€on€the€child,€but€he€denied€making€all€of€the€bruises.€€He€did€not€know€how€Jacob€got€all€of€theÐ ¬ü  Ðbruises.€€He€said€he€only€hit€Jacob€two€or€three€times€when€he€spanked€him.Ð ˜è  ÐÌà  àFinally,€the€defense€presented€its€own€expert€witness,€Dr.€Larry€Wolfe,€a€physician€with€aÐ pÀ Ðrural€health€clinic.€€He€testified€that€he€had€reviewed€Jacobððs€medical€records€and€the€pictures€takenÐ \¬ Ðof€the€child.€€Dr.€Wolfe€testified€that€the€childððs€injuries€consisted€of€contusions€and€hematomas.€Ð H˜ ÐThese€were€superficial€injuries.€€He€said€that€the€medical€records€showed€no€evidence€that€the€childÐ 4„ Ðsuffered€extreme€physical€pain.€€He€offered€the€opinion€that€ð ð[e]xtreme€physical€pain€is€pain€to€aÐ  p Ðdegree€such€that€it€significantly€interferes€with€the€activities€of€daily€living,€a€personððs€normalÐ  \ Ðactivities,€and€usually€requires€fairly€stout,€strong€painkillers.ððÐ øH ÐÌà  àDr.€Wolfe€testified€that€some€of€Jacobððs€bruises€were€ð ðfresh,ðð€meaning€that€they€were€threeÐ Ð  Ðor€four€days€old.€€He€said€that€if€the€child€was€in€extreme€physical€pain€when€those€bruises€wereÐ ¼  Ðinflicted,€ð ðthen€two€days€later€you€would€expect€him€to€still€have€significant€pain.ðð€€Dr.€WolfeÐ ¨ø Ðtestified€that€he€believed€the€irritation€of€Jacobððs€genital€area€was€caused€by€the€childððs€ownÐ ”ä Ðscratching.€€He€did€not€see€evidence€of€blunt€trauma€to€the€childððs€groin.€€€Ð €Ð ÐÌà@ð ð ìàSUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€EVIDENCEˆÐ X ¨ ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€first€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence.€€Ô‡XWÉXXXWÉÔTennessee€RuleÐ 0"€  Ðof€Appellate€Procedure€13(e)€prescribes€that€ð ð[f]indings€of€guilt€in€criminal€actions€whether€by€theÐ #l! Ðtrial€court€or€jury€shall€be€set€aside€if€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€findings€by€the€trierÐ $X" Ðof€fact€of€guilt€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.ðð€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e).€€Evidence€is€sufficient€if,€afterÐ ô$D # Ðreviewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€prosecution,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€couldÐ à%0!$ Ðhave€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443Ð Ì&"% ÐU.S.€307,€319€(1979).€€In€addition,€because€conviction€by€a€trier€of€fact€destroys€the€presumption€ofÐ ¸'#& Ðinnocence€and€imposes€a€presumption€of€guilt,€a€convicted€criminal€defendant€bears€the€burden€ofÐ ¤(ô#' Ðshowing€that€the€evidence€was€insufficient.€€òòMcBee€v.€Stateóó,€372€S.W.2d€173,€176€(Tenn.€1963);€òòseeÐ )à$( Ðâ âalsoóó€òòState€v.€Evansóó,€838€S.W.2d€185,€191€(Tenn.€1992)€(citing€òòState€v.€Graceóó,€493€S.W.2d€474,€476Ð |*Ì%) Ð(Tenn.€1976),€and€òòState€v.€Brownóó,€551€S.W.2d€329,€331€(Tenn.€1977));€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2dÐ ° Ð913,€914€(Tenn.€1982);€òòHolt€v.€Stateóó,€357€S.W.2d€57,€61€(Tenn.€1962).Ð œì Ðâ âÌà  àIn€its€review€of€the€evidence,€an€appellate€court€must€afford€the€State€ð ðthe€strongest€legitimateÐ tÄ Ðview€of€the€evidence€as€well€as€all€reasonable€and€legitimate€inferences€that€may€be€drawnÐ `° Ðtherefrom.ðð€€òòTuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€at€914€(citing€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.Ð L œ Ð1978)).€€The€court€may€not€ð ðre„weigh€or€re„evaluate€the€evidenceðð€in€the€record€below.€€òòEvansóó,€838Ð 8 ˆ ÐS.W.2d€at€191€(citing€òòCabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€at€836).€€Likewise,€should€the€reviewing€court€findÐ $ t Ðparticular€conflicts€in€the€trial€testimony,€the€court€must€resolve€them€in€favor€of€the€jury€verdict€orÐ  ` Ðtrial€court€judgment.€€òòTuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€at€914.€€All€questions€involving€the€credibility€ofÐ ü L  Ðwitnesses,€the€weight€and€value€to€be€given€the€evidence,€and€all€factual€issues€are€resolved€by€theÐ è 8  Ðtrier€of€fact,€not€the€appellate€courts.€€òòState€v.€Pappasóó,€754€S.W.2d€620,€623€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð Ô$  Ð1987).Ô#†XWÉXXXWÉpA#Ô€€€Ð À  Ðà  àÌà  àThe€Defendant€was€convicted€of€the€crime€of€aggravated€child€abuse.€€To€convict€him€of€thisÐ ˜è  Ðcrime,€the€State€was€required€to€prove€that€the€Defendant€knowingly,€other€than€by€accidental€means,Ð „Ô  Ðtreated€a€child€in€such€a€manner€as€to€inflict€injury€and€that€the€Defendantððs€acts€resulted€in€seriousÐ pÀ Ðbodily€injury€to€the€child.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„15„401(a),€39„15„402(a).€€Because€the€child,Ð \¬ ÐJacob,€was€under€six€years€of€age,€the€offense€of€aggravated€child€abuse€constituted€a€Class€A€felonyÐ H˜ Ðrather€than€a€Class€B€felony.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€ðð€39„15„402(b).€€On€appeal,€the€Defendant€asserts€that€theÐ 4„ Ðevidence€was€insufficient€to€establish€that€Jacob€suffered€serious€bodily€injury.€€Ð  p ÐÌà  àð ðSerious€bodily€injuryðð€is€defined€by€statute€as€ð ðbodily€injury€which€involves:€€(A)€AÐ øH Ðsubstantial€risk€of€death;€(B)€Protracted€unconsciousness;€(C)€Extreme€physical€pain;€(D)€ProtractedÐ ä4 Ðor€obvious€disfigurement;€or€(E)€Protracted€loss€or€substantial€impairment€of€a€function€of€a€bodilyÐ Ð  Ðmember,€organ€or€mental€faculty.ðð€€òòId.óó€ðð€39„11„106(a)(34).€€ð ðBodily€injuryðð€is€defined€as€ð ða€cut,Ð ¼  Ðabrasion,€bruise,€burn€or€disfigurement;€physical€pain€or€temporary€illness€or€impairment€of€theÐ ¨ø Ðfunction€of€a€bodily€member,€organ,€or€mental€faculty.ðð€€òòId.óó€ðð€39„11„106(a)(2).Ð ”ä ÐÌà  àIn€support€of€his€argument,€the€Defendant€relies€upon€the€case€of€òòState€v.€Simsóó,€909€S.W.2dÐ l¼ Ð46€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995),€in€which€the€adult€victim€was€struck€once€in€the€face€with€a€gun€duringÐ X ¨ Ða€robbery.€€òòId.óó€at€47„48.€€She€suffered€a€broken€nose€and€a€bruised€cheekbone€from€the€blow€to€herÐ D!” Ðface,€as€well€as€two€black€eyes€and€a€laceration€across€the€bridge€of€her€nose.€€òòId.óó€at€48.€€She€testifiedÐ 0"€  Ðthat€she€ð ðexperienced€extreme€physical€pain€over€her€whole€face,€but€especially€to€her€nose.ðð€€òòId.óó€Ð #l! ÐThis€Court,€in€determining€whether€the€victimððs€injuries€constituted€ð ðserious€bodily€injury,ðð€appliedÐ $X" Ðthe€doctrine€of€òòejusdem€generisóó€to€the€statute€defining€ð ðserious€bodily€injury,ðð€stating,Ð ô$D # ÐÌà8  àAccording€to€the€Sixth€Edition€of€Blackððs€Law€Dictionary,€òòejusdem€generisóó€meansÐ Ì&"% Ðwhen€words€follow€an€enumeration€of€classes€of€things€the€words€should€beÐ ¸'#& Ðconstrued€to€apply€to€things€of€the€same€general€class€as€those€enumerated.€Ð ¤(ô#' ÐTherefore,€the€enumerated€portions€of€the€definition€of€serious€bodily€injury€shouldÐ )à$( Ðbe€read€as€coming€from€the€same€class€of€injuries.€€We€do€not€believe€that€the€painÐ |*Ì%) Ðcommonly€associated€with€a€broken€nose€is€extreme€enough€to€be€in€the€same€classÐ h+¸&* Ðas€an€injury€which€involves€a€substantial€risk€of€death,€protracted€unconsciousness,Ð ° Ðprotracted€or€permanent€disfigurement€or€the€loss€or€impairment€of€the€use€of€aÐ œì Ðbodily€member,€organ€or€mental€faculty.ЈØÐ Ð  ÐÌòòId.óó€at€49.€€Ð `° ÐÌà  àRelying€on€òòSimsóó,€the€Defendant€asserts€that€the€pain€associated€with€Jacobððs€injuries€was€notÐ 8 ˆ Ðin€the€same€class€as€the€other€types€of€injuries€enumerated€in€the€statute;€therefore,€the€proof€did€notÐ $ t Ðestablish€that€Jacob€suffered€serious€bodily€injury€due€to€extreme€physical€pain.€€We€disagree.€€WhileÐ  ` Ðthe€evidence€of€serious€bodily€injury€was€not€overwhelming,€we€conclude€that€this€case€isÐ ü L  Ðdistinguishable€from€òòSimsóó€and€that€the€evidence€was€sufficient€to€establish€that€Jacob€sufferedÐ è 8  Ðextreme€physical€pain,€which€constitutes€serious€bodily€injury.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„Ð Ô$  Ð106(a)(34).€€Unlike€the€adult€victim€in€òòSimsóó€who€suffered€a€single€blow€to€the€face,€this€victim€wasÐ À  Ða€three„year„old€child€who€suffered€multiple€blows€to€most€of€his€body.€€The€jury€heard€evidence€thatÐ ¬ü  ÐJacob€suffered€contusions€and€hematomas€over€every€quadrant€of€his€body.€€He€also€sufferedÐ ˜è  Ðirritation€and€inflammation€of€his€genital€area.€€The€jury€viewed€photographs€of€these€injuries.€€Dr.Ð „Ô  ÐRomans€testified€that€the€injuries€were€caused€by€blunt€trauma,€including€the€genital€injuries.€Ð pÀ ÐAlthough€Jacob€was€not€in€pain€when€he€was€examined,€Dr.€Romans€testified€that€the€child€wouldÐ \¬ Ðhave€suffered€severe€pain€at€the€time€the€injuries€were€inflicted.€€The€Defendant€admitted€hittingÐ H˜ ÐJacob€with€a€belt€and€causing€at€least€some€of€his€injuries.€€The€Defendant€also€admitted€that€hisÐ 4„ Ðactions€were€ð ðextremeðð€the€last€time€he€spanked€Jacob.€€We€have€previously€upheld€aggravated€childÐ  p Ðabuse€convictions€based€upon€extreme€physical€pain€when€the€childððs€injuries€consisted€of€extensiveÐ  \ Ðbruises€and€abrasions.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Betty€Levandowskióó,€No.€03C01„9503„CR„000076,€1996€WLÐ øH Ð315807,€at€*€5€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Knoxville,€June€5,€1996),€òòaffððd€on€other€groundsóó,€955€S.W.2d€603Ð ä4 Ð(Tenn.€1997);€òòState€v.€Tina€Presley€Pipesóó,€No.€02C01„9410„CC„00222,€1995€WL€146125,€at€*€3Ð Ð  Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Jackson,€April€5,€1995)€(finding€serious€bodily€injury€where€child€had€extensiveÐ ¼  Ðbruises€and€was€dehydrated).€€Likewise,€we€find€here€that€a€rational€jury€could€have€found€beyondÐ ¨ø Ða€reasonable€doubt€that€the€Defendant€caused€injuries€which€resulted€in€Jacob€experiencing€extremeÐ ”ä Ðphysical€pain.€€Therefore,€the€evidence€is€sufficient€to€support€the€verdict.€€Ð €Ð ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€also€asserts€that€the€evidence€was€insufficient€because€circumstantial€evidenceÐ X ¨ Ðplaced€Jacob€in€the€care€of€both€Ms.€Gates€and€the€Defendant,€and€the€Defendant€denied€causing€allÐ D!” Ðof€Jacobððs€injuries.€€However,€the€Defendant€did€admit€causing€some€of€the€injuries.€€TheÐ 0"€  ÐDefendantððs€admissions€that€he€struck€the€child€with€a€belt€and€caused€some€of€the€bruises€on€theÐ #l! Ðchildððs€body€is€sufficient€for€a€rational€jury€to€conclude€that€the€Defendant€knowingly€injured€Jacob,Ð $X" Ðcausing€him€extreme€physical€pain.€€The€fact€that€there€was€testimony€that€another€person€may€haveÐ ô$D # Ðalso€injured€the€child€does€not€prevent€the€jury€from€concluding€that€the€Defendant€caused€JacobÐ à%0!$ Ðserious€bodily€injury.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Hodgesóó,€7€S.W.3d€609,€621€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1998).Ð Ì&"% ÐÌà@¼¼!ìàBILL€OF€PARTICULARSˆÐ ¤(ô#' ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€next€asserts€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€not€requiring€the€State€to€respond€toÐ |*Ì%) Ðhis€motion€for€a€bill€of€particulars.€€He€argues€that€his€defense€was€hampered€by€the€Stateððs€lack€ofÐ h+¸&* Ða€response€because€without€specific€dates€and€times€of€the€childððs€injuries,€he€could€not€prove€anÐ ° Ðalibi.€€This€issue€is€waived€because€the€Defendant€failed€to€make€appropriate€references€to€the€record.€Ð œì ÐTenn.€Ct.€Crim.€App.€R.€10(b);€òòState€v.€Killebrewóó,€760€S.W.2d€228,€231€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988);Ð ˆØ Ðòòsee€alsoóó€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€27(a)(7),€(g).€€Moreover,€our€review€of€the€record€concerning€a€motion€forÐ tÄ Ða€bill€of€particulars€revealed€only€an€order€entered€by€the€trial€court€which€stated,€ð ðAfter€hearingÐ `° Ðtestimony€from€witnesses€and€argument€from€counsel€for€both€parties,€the€State€at€the€CourtððsÐ L œ Ðinstruction€stated€on€the€record€that€scientific€proof€and€physical€evidence€establishes€[sic]€injuriesÐ 8 ˆ Ðof€two€to€three€weeks€old.€€Evidence€of€other€injuries€would€consist€of€testimony€for€live€witnesses.ððÐ $ t ÐThus,€it€appears€that€the€State€did€at€least€respond€in€some€manner€to€the€Defendantððs€motion.€€InÐ  ` Ðaddition,€a€conviction€will€not€be€overturned€for€failure€to€respond€to€a€motion€for€a€bill€ofÐ ü L  Ðparticulars€unless€it€appears€that€a€defendantððs€defense€was€hampered€by€the€lack€of€specificity.€€òòSeeóóÐ è 8  ÐòòState€v.€Byrdóó,€820€S.W.2d€739,€742€(Tenn.€1991).€€The€Defendant€here€has€shown€no€prejudice.€€NotÐ Ô$  Ðonly€did€the€Defendant€admit€injuring€the€child,€but€he€had€the€benefit€of€preliminary€hearingÐ À  Ðtestimony€and€medical€records€prior€to€trial.€€He€was€able€to€furnish€these€items€to€his€own€expertÐ ¬ü  Ðwitness,€who€testified€in€his€favor.€€This€issue€has€no€merit.Ð ˜è  ÐÌà@<<ìàADMISSION€OF€PHOTOGRAPHSˆÐ pÀ ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€admitting€photographs€of€the€victimððsÐ H˜ Ðinjuries€and€by€allowing€those€photographs€to€be€projected€to€the€jury€during€the€trial.€€He€asserts€thatÐ 4„ Ðthe€photographs€were€cumulative€because€the€Stateððs€expert€had€testified€as€to€the€victimððs€injuries;Ð  p Ðthat€two€of€the€photographs€were€duplicative;€and€that€the€probative€value€of€the€photographs€wasÐ  \ Ðsubstantially€outweighed€by€the€danger€of€unfair€prejudice.Ð øH ÐÌà  àThe€admissibility€of€photographs€is€within€the€sound€discretion€of€the€trial€court€and€will€notÐ Ð  Ðbe€reversed€on€appeal€absent€a€clear€showing€of€abuse€of€that€discretion.€€òòState€v.€Banksóó,€564€S.W.2dÐ ¼  Ð947,€949€(Tenn.€1978);€òòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Stephensonóó,€878€S.W.2d€530,€542€(Tenn.€1994);€òòState€v.Ð ¨ø ÐZirkleóó,€910€S.W.2d€874,€888€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€Like€all€evidence,€photographs€are€generallyÐ ”ä Ðadmissible€if€they€are€relevant€to€a€fact€in€issue.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€402.€€Photographs€may€beÐ €Ð Ðrelevant€to€show€the€location€of€wounds.€€òòState€v.€Goadóó,€707€S.W.2d€846,€850€(Tenn.€1986).€€TheyÐ l¼ Ðmay€also€be€admissible€as€evidence€of€the€brutality€of€the€attack€and€the€extent€of€the€force€usedÐ X ¨ Ðagainst€the€victim.€€òòState€v.€Brownóó,€836€S.W.2d€530,€551€(Tenn.€1992).€€Photographs€may€beÐ D!” Ðintroduced€to€illustrate€testimony,€òòStephensonóó,€878€S.W.2d€at€542,€and€they€are€not€renderedÐ 0"€  Ðinadmissible€because€the€subject€portrayed€could€be€described€in€words€or€because€the€photographsÐ #l! Ðare€cumulative.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Terrence€L.€Davisóó,€No.€02C01„9511„CR00343,€1997€WL€287646,€atÐ $X" Ð*7€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Jackson,€June€2,€1997);€òòCollins€v.€Stateóó,€506€S.W.2d€179,€185€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð ô$D # ÐApp.€1973).€€Notwithstanding,€even€relevant€photographs€may€be€excluded€if€their€probative€valueÐ à%0!$ Ðis€substantially€outweighed€by€the€danger€of€unfair€prejudice€to€the€defendant.€€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€403;Ð Ì&"% ÐòòBanksóó,€564€S.W.2d€at€951.€€Ð ¸'#& ÐÌà  àBecause€the€Defendant€was€charged€with€aggravated€child€abuse,€a€pivotal€issue€in€this€caseÐ )à$( Ðwas€whether€the€child€suffered€serious€bodily€injury.€€The€photographs€were€highly€relevant€to€thisÐ |*Ì%) Ðissue€because€they€showed€the€location€and€the€extent€of€the€victimððs€injuries.€€The€photographs€wereÐ h+¸&* Ðused€to€illustrate€the€testimony€of€the€witnesses,€who€were€testifying€about€particular€injuries€to€theÐ ° Ðchild.€€Although€witnesses€testified€about€the€extent€of€the€victimððs€injuries,€we€believe€that€theÐ œì Ðphotographs€greatly€assisted€the€jury€in€understanding€the€extent€of€those€injuries.€€When€being€usedÐ ˆØ Ðduring€testimony,€the€photographs€were€projected€on€a€television€screen€for€the€juryððs€view.€€WhileÐ tÄ Ðthe€photographs€were€no€doubt€disturbing€in€that€they€showed€extensive€bruising€to€a€small€child,Ð `° Ðwe€cannot€say€that€the€probative€value€of€the€photographs€was€substantially€outweighed€by€theÐ L œ Ðdanger€of€unfair€prejudice.€€We€thus€hold€that€the€trial€court€did€not€err€by€admitting€the€photographsÐ 8 ˆ Ðof€the€victimððs€injuries.€€Ð $ t ÐÌà  àIn€addition,€we€note€that€the€record€reveals€an€objection€to€the€admission€of€only€three€of€theÐ ü L  Ðfourteen€photographs,€and€the€record€does€not€reveal€an€objection€to€the€projection€of€any€of€theÐ è 8  Ðphotographs€during€trial.€€Failure€to€make€a€contemporaneous€objection€waives€consideration€by€thisÐ Ô$  ÐCourt€of€the€issue€on€appeal.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€36(a);€òòÔ_ÔKillebrewÔ_Ôóó,€760€S.W.2d€at€235.Ð À  ÐÌà@ø ø ìàCROSS„EXAMINATION€OF€STATEððS€EXPERTˆÐ ˜è  ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€next€asserts€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€not€allowing€him€to€cross„examineÐ pÀ Ðthe€Stateððs€expert€witness€as€to€examples€of€what€constitutes€serious€bodily€injury.€€The€StateððsÐ \¬ Ðexpert,€Dr.€Romans,€testified€that€Jacobððs€injuries€would€have€caused€him€extreme€physical€pain.€Ð H˜ ÐThe€Defendantððs€expert,€Dr.€Wolfe,€testified€that€Jacobððs€injuries€would€not€have€caused€himÐ 4„ Ðextreme€physical€pain.€€During€cross„examination,€the€Defendantððs€attorney€began€to€ask€Dr.Ð  p ÐRomans€about€whether€he€considered€certain€injuries€to€be€examples€of€serious€bodily€injury,€atÐ  \ Ðwhich€point€the€State€objected.€€The€trial€court€sustained€the€objections,€stating,€ð ðYou€need€to€askÐ øH Ðhim€things€about€[what]€the€statute€says€is€serious€bodily€injury.€€His€definition€of€serious€bodilyÐ ä4 Ðinjury€doesnððt€really€have€any€relevance.€€Itððs€what€he€thinks€about€the€absence€or€presence€of€whatÐ Ð  Ðour€statute€says€serious€bodily€injury€is€that€matters.ðð€€The€Defendant€now€argues€that€he€should€haveÐ ¼  Ðbeen€allowed€to€ask€both€experts€about€their€opinions€of€what€types€of€injuries€would€constituteÐ ¨ø Ðserious€bodily€injury€under€both€the€medical€and€legal€definitions.€€€Ð ”ä ÐÌà  àThe€admissibility€of€evidence€is€a€matter€within€the€sound€discretion€of€the€trial€court,€andÐ l¼ Ðthis€Court€will€not€disturb€the€trial€courtððs€ruling€absent€a€clear€showing€of€an€abuse€of€thatÐ X ¨ Ðdiscretion.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔCauthernÔ_Ôóó,€967€S.W.2d€726,€743€(Tenn.€1998);€òòBanksóó,€564€S.W.2d€at€949.€Ð D!” ÐWe€do€not€believe€that€the€trial€court€abused€its€discretion€in€ruling€inadmissible€the€expertsððÐ 0"€  Ðopinions€of€what€injuries€were€serious€under€a€medical€definition€because€the€opinions€wereÐ #l! Ðirrelevant.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€Ô_ÔEvidÔ_Ô.€402.€€The€jury€was€required€to€determine€whether€Jacob€sufferedÐ $X" Ðserious€bodily€injury€based€on€the€statutory€definition€of€serious€bodily€injury€as€enacted€by€theÐ ô$D # Ðlegislature,€not€based€on€a€definition€employed€by€medical€science.€€Testimony€about€a€medicalÐ à%0!$ Ðdefinition€of€serious€bodily€injury€could€serve€to€confuse€the€jury.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔRickyÔ_Ô€Lee€Turneróó,Ð Ì&"% ÐNo.€E1999„00919„CCA„R3„CD,€2000€WL€92339,€at€*5€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.,€Knoxville,€Jan.€28,Ð ¸'#& Ð2000).€€We€conclude€that€the€trial€judge€acted€within€his€discretionary€authority€by€limiting€theÐ ¤(ô#' Ðtestimony€in€this€manner.Ð )à$( ÐÌÐ  h+¸&* Ðà@Ž Ž ìàJURY€INSTRUCTIONS€ON€ð ðINJURYððˆÐ ° ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€not€including€the€statutory€definition€ofÐ ˆØ Ðð ðinjuryðð€in€the€child€abuse€instruction€but€including€it€in€the€aggravated€child€abuse€instruction.€Ð tÄ ÐAfter€instructing€the€jury€on€the€elements€of€aggravated€child€abuse,€the€trial€court€instructed€the€juryÐ `° Ðon€the€definitions€of€both€ð ðinjuryðð€and€ð ðserious€bodily€injury.ðð€€When€instructing€the€jury€on€theÐ L œ Ðlesser€included€offense€of€child€abuse,€the€trial€court€set€forth€the€elements€of€the€offense€of€childÐ 8 ˆ Ðabuse,€which€only€requires€proof€of€injury,€rather€than€proof€of€serious€bodily€injury.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.Ð $ t ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€39„15„401(a).€€The€trial€court€then€instructed€the€jury€that€ð ðinjuryðð€had€already€beenÐ  ` Ðdefined€in€the€courtððs€instructions.€€The€Defendant€asserts€that€by€including€the€definition€of€ð ðinjuryððÐ ü L  Ðin€the€aggravated€child€abuse€instruction€but€not€including€it€in€the€child€abuse€instruction,€the€trialÐ è 8  Ðcourt€misled€the€jury€as€to€the€extent€of€injury€required€to€convict€for€aggravated€child€abuse.€€WeÐ Ô$  Ðdisagree.Ð À  ÐÌà  àIn€determining€whether€jury€instructions€are€erroneous,€this€Court€must€read€the€entire€chargeÐ ˜è  Ðand€only€invalidate€it€if,€when€read€as€a€whole,€it€fails€to€fairly€submit€the€legal€issues€or€misleadsÐ „Ô  Ðthe€jury€as€to€the€applicable€law.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Vannóó,€976€S.W.2d€93,€101€(Tenn.€1998);€òòState€v.Ð pÀ ÐPhippsóó,€883€S.W.2d€138,€142€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€€The€trial€court€in€this€case€correctlyÐ \¬ Ðinstructed€the€jury€that€aggravated€child€abuse€requires€proof€of€serious€bodily€injury.€€It€alsoÐ H˜ Ðcorrectly€instructed€the€jury€that€child€abuse€requires€proof€of€bodily€injury.€€We€do€not€believe€theÐ 4„ Ðjury€could€have€been€misled€by€the€trial€court€informing€it€of€the€definitions€of€both€ð ðinjuryðð€andÐ  p Ðð ðserious€bodily€injuryðð€after€setting€forth€the€elements€of€aggravated€child€abuse€and€then€referringÐ  \ Ðback€to€its€prior€instruction€on€definitions€after€setting€forth€the€elements€of€child€abuse.€€Instead€ofÐ øH Ðmisleading€the€jury€as€to€the€extent€of€injury€required€to€convict€the€Defendant€of€aggravated€childÐ ä4 Ðabuse,€we€believe€that€the€definitions€assisted€the€jury€in€determining€the€extent€of€injury€necessaryÐ Ð  Ðto€convict€because€they€helped€distinguish€ð ðinjuryðð€from€ð ðserious€bodily€injury.ðð€€We€find€no€error.€Ð ¼  Ðà@ìì*ìàˆÌà@ppìàLESSER€INCLUDED€OFFENSESˆÐ ”ä ÐÌà  àIn€his€next€issue,€the€Defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€failing€to€instruct€the€juryÐ l¼ Ðon€aggravated€assault€and€assault€as€lesser€included€offenses€of€aggravated€child€abuse.׃×Ý ƒ*#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€A€trial€courtÐ X ¨ Ðis€under€the€mandatory€duty€to€instruct€the€jury€on€a€lesser€included€offense,€even€if€such€anÐ D!” Ðinstruction€is€not€requested,€when€ð ðany€evidence€exists€that€reasonable€minds€could€accept€as€to€theÐ 0"€  Ðlesser„included€offense"€and€when€that€evidence€is€"legally€sufficient€to€support€a€conviction€for€theÐ #l! Ðlesser„included€offense.ðð€€òòState€v.€Burnsóó,€6€S.W.3d€453,€469€(Tenn.€1999);€òòsee€alsoóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ð $X" Ððð€40„18„110(a).€€In€òòBurnsóó,€our€supreme€court€adopted€a€new€three„part€test€for€determining€whetherÐ ô$D # Ðan€offense€is€a€lesser€included€offense.€€òòSeeóó€òòBurnsóó,€6€S.W.3d€at€466„67.€€Under€the€new€test,€whichÐ à%0!$ Ðwas€largely€derived€from€the€Model€Penal€Code,€an€offense€is€a€lesser€included€offense€if:Ð Ì&"% Ðà8  à(a)€all€of€its€statutory€elements€are€included€within€the€statutory€elements€of€theÐ ° Ðoffense€charged;€or€ÐœìÐ Ð  Ðà8  à(b)€it€fails€to€meet€the€definition€in€part€(a)€only€in€the€respect€that€it€contains€aÐ ˆØ Ðstatutory€element€or€elements€establishingÐtÄÐ Ð  Ðà8  à(1)€a€different€mental€state€indicating€a€lesser€kind€of€culpability;€and/orÐ`°Ð Ð  Ðà8  à(2)€a€less€serious€harm€or€risk€of€harm€to€the€same€person,€property€or€public€interest;Ð L œ ÐorÐ8 ˆÐ Ð  Ðà8  à(c)€it€consists€of€Ð$ tÐ Ð  Ðà8  à(1)€facilitation€of€the€offense€charged€or€of€an€offense€that€otherwise€meets€theÐ  ` Ðdefinition€of€lesser„included€offense€in€part€(a)€or€(b);€or€Ðü L Ð Ð  Ðà8  à(2)€an€attempt€to€commit€the€offense€charged€or€an€offense€that€otherwise€meets€theÐ è 8  Ðdefinition€of€lesser„included€offense€in€part€(a)€or€(b);€or€ÐÔ$ Ð Ð  Ðà8  à(3)€solicitation€to€commit€the€offense€charged€or€an€offense€that€otherwise€meets€theÐ À  Ðdefinition€of€lesser„included€offense€in€part€(a)€or€(b).Ьü Ð Ð  ÐÌòòId.óó€Ð „Ô  ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€was€charged€with€aggravated€child€abuse€for€knowingly,€other€than€byÐ \¬ Ðaccidental€means,€treating€a€child€under€eighteen€years€of€age€in€such€a€manner€as€to€inflict€injury,Ð H˜ Ðwith€such€act€resulting€in€serious€bodily€injury.€€Thus,€the€elements€of€aggravated€child€abuse€asÐ 4„ Ðrelevant€to€this€case€are€(1)€a€knowing€mental€state,€(2)€an€act€which€causes€injury€to€a€child€underÐ  p Ðeighteen,€and€(3)€serious€bodily€injury€to€the€child.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„15„401(a),€39„15„Ð  \ Ð402(a).€€When€the€child€is€under€six€years€of€age,€the€offense€of€aggravated€child€abuse€is€a€Class€AÐ øH Ðfelony;€when€the€child€is€between€the€ages€of€seven€and€eighteen,€the€offense€is€a€Class€B€felony.€Ð ä4 ÐòòSeeóó€òòid.óó€ðð€39„15„402(b).€€The€offense€of€aggravated€assault€as€relevant€to€this€case€is€divided€into€twoÐ Ð  Ðcategories.€€Aggravated€assault€occurs€when€a€person€intentionally€or€knowingly€causes€seriousÐ ¼  Ðbodily€injury€to€another,€and€it€also€occurs€when€a€person€recklessly€causes€serious€bodily€injury€toÐ ¨ø Ðanother.׃×Ý ƒ*#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€ðð€39„13„102(a).€€If€the€act€is€intentional€or€knowing,€the€offense€is€a€Class€C€felony;Ð ”ä Ðif€the€act€is€reckless,€the€offense€is€a€Class€D€felony.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€ðð€39„13„102(d).€€Ð €Ð ÐÌà  àApplying€the€òòBurnsóó€test,€we€conclude€that€aggravated€assault€which€is€intentional€or€knowingÐ X ¨ Ðis€a€lesser€included€offense€under€part€(a)€of€that€test,€and€aggravated€assault€which€is€reckless€is€aÐ D!” Ðlesser€included€offense€under€part€(b)€of€that€test.€€Part€(a)€provides€that€an€offense€is€a€lesserÐ 0"€  Ðincluded€offense€if€ð ðall€of€its€statutory€elements€are€included€within€the€statutory€elements€of€theÐ #l! Ðoffense€charged.ðð€€òòBurnsóó,€6€S.W.3d€at€466.€€For€intentional€or€knowing€aggravated€assault,€theÐ $X" Ðmental€state€is€the€same€as€that€of€aggravated€child€abuse,€which€requires€a€knowing€mental€state.€Ð ° ÐòòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„13„102(a),€39„15„401(a),€39„15„402(a).€€The€mental€states€are€the€sameÐ œì Ðbecause€our€Code€provides€that€proof€of€intentional€conduct€will€also€establish€that€the€conduct€wasÐ ˆØ Ðknowing.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€ðð€39„11„301(a)(2).€€Thus,€the€mental€state€of€knowing€is€established€if€a€personÐ tÄ Ðacts€intentionally€or€knowingly.€€For€both€aggravated€assault€and€aggravated€child€abuse,€the€victimÐ `° Ðmust€suffer€serious€bodily€injury.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€ðð€39„13„102(a),€39„15„401(a),€39„15„402(a).€€Thus,€theÐ L œ Ðonly€difference€is€that€for€aggravated€child€abuse,€the€victim€must€be€a€child.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€€Accordingly,Ð 8 ˆ Ðwe€find€that€intentional€or€knowing€aggravated€assault€is€a€lesser€included€offense€under€part€(a)€ofÐ $ t Ðthe€òòBurnsóó€test€because€all€of€the€statutory€elements€are€included€within€the€statutory€elements€ofÐ  ` Ðaggravated€child€abuse.Ð ü L  Ðà  àÌà  àReckless€aggravated€assault,€however,€contains€a€different€statutory€element€that€is€notÐ Ô$  Ðincluded€within€the€statutory€elements€of€aggravated€child€abuse€because€it€requires€a€reckless€mentalÐ À  Ðstate€instead€of€a€knowing€mental€state.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€ðð€39„13„102(a)(2).€€Part€(b)€of€the€òòBurnsóó€test€Ð ¬ü  Ðprovides€that€an€offense€is€a€lesser€included€offense€if€ð ðit€fails€to€meet€the€definition€in€part€(a)€onlyÐ ˜è  Ðin€the€respect€that€it€contains€a€statutory€element€or€elements€establishing€(1)€a€different€mental€stateÐ „Ô  Ðindicating€a€lesser€kind€of€culpability.ðð€€òòBurnsóó,€6€S.W.2d€at€466„67.€€Because€reckless€is€a€lessÐ pÀ Ðculpable€mental€state€than€knowing,€òòseeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„11„301(a)(2),€39„11„302(b),€(c),€andÐ \¬ Ðbecause€the€less€culpable€mental€state€is€the€only€element€that€is€not€included€within€the€statutoryÐ H˜ Ðelements€of€aggravated€child€abuse,€òòseeóó€òòid.óó€ðððð€39„13„102(a)(2),€39„15„401(a),€39„15„402(a),€recklessÐ 4„ Ðaggravated€assault€is€a€lesser€included€offense€of€aggravated€child€abuse.׃×Ý ƒ*#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð  p ÐÌà  àSimilarly,€the€offense€of€assault€occurs€when€a€person€intentionally,€knowingly,€or€recklesslyÐ øH Ðcauses€bodily€injury€to€another.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€ðð€39„13„101(a)(1).€€The€only€element€that€is€not€includedÐ ä4 Ðwithin€the€statutory€elements€of€aggravated€child€abuse€is€that€of€a€reckless€mental€state.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€ððððÐ Ð  Ð39„13„101(a)(1),€39„15„401(a),€39„15„402(a).€€Because€reckless€is€a€less€culpable€mental€state,€it€isÐ ¼  Ða€lesser€included€offense€under€part€(b)€of€the€òòBurnsóó€test.€€òòSeeóó€òòBurnsóó,€6€S.W.3d€at€466„67.׃ ×Ý ƒ*#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð ¨ø Ѐ€€€€€€€€€€€Ð ”ä Ðà  àHaving€found€that€aggravated€assault€and€assault€are€lesser€included€offenses€of€aggravatedÐ €Ð Ðchild€abuse,€we€must€now€determine€whether€the€trial€court€should€have€instructed€the€jury€on€thoseÐ l¼ Ðoffenses.€€The€test€we€must€utilize€to€make€this€determination€is€(1)€whether€any€evidence€exists€thatÐ X ¨ Ðreasonable€minds€could€accept€as€to€the€lesser€included€offense,€and€(2)€whether€the€evidence€isÐ D!” Ðlegally€sufficient€to€support€a€conviction€for€the€lesser€included€offense.€€òòId.óó€at€469.€€In€examiningÐ 0"€  Ðfirst€the€offense€of€aggravated€assault,€we€must€reiterate€that€the€statute€makes€a€distinction€betweenÐ #l! Ðaggravated€assault€when€the€conduct€is€intentional€or€knowing€and€when€the€conduct€is€merelyÐ $X" Ðreckless:€€Conduct€which€is€intentional€or€knowing€is€a€Class€C€felony,€while€conduct€which€isÐ ô$D # Ðreckless€is€a€Class€D€felony.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„102(a),€(d).€€We€do€not€believe€that€thereÐ à%0!$ Ðis€any€evidence€which€reasonable€minds€could€accept€as€to€the€lesser€offense€of€aggravated€assault€Ð ° Ðbased€on€intentional€or€knowing€conduct.€€Because€the€victimððs€age€is€the€only€difference€betweenÐ œì Ðaggravated€assault€and€aggravated€child€abuse€when€the€Defendantððs€conduct€is€knowing€orÐ ˆØ Ðintentional,€the€only€way€the€jury€could€have€convicted€the€Defendant€of€aggravated€assault€is€if€itÐ tÄ Ðbelieved€the€victim€was€not€a€child.€€Reasonable€minds€could€not€have€reached€that€conclusion.€Ð `° ÐAggravated€assault€by€reckless€conduct,€however,€presents€a€different€situation.€€Reasonable€mindsÐ L œ Ðcould€have€determined€that€the€Defendant€acted€recklessly,€but€not€knowingly€or€intentionally,€whenÐ 8 ˆ Ðhe€injured€the€child.€€Also,€there€is€sufficient€evidence€to€support€a€conclusion€that€the€DefendantÐ $ t Ðrecklessly€caused€serious€bodily€injury€to€another€person.€€Thus,€we€conclude€that€the€trial€court€erredÐ  ` Ðby€not€instructing€the€jury€on€the€offense€of€aggravated€assault€by€reckless€conduct,€as€set€forth€inÐ ü L  ÐTennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€39„13„102(a)(2)(A).€€€€Ð è 8  ÐÌà  àWe€also€conclude€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€not€instructing€the€jury€on€the€offense€ofÐ À  Ðassault.€€Assault€requires€a€mental€state€that€is€intentional,€knowing,€or€reckless,€and€it€requiresÐ ¬ü  Ðbodily€injury€to€the€victim.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€ðð€39„13„101(a)(1).€€We€have€already€determined€that€reasonableÐ ˜è  Ðminds€could€have€found€that€the€Defendant€acted€intentionally,€knowingly,€or€recklessly.€€WhetherÐ „Ô  Ðthe€victim€suffered€ð ðserious€bodily€injuryðð€or€just€ð ðbodily€injuryðð€was€an€issue€hotly€contested€atÐ pÀ Ðtrial,€and€we€believe€that€reasonable€minds€could€have€accepted€the€evidence€that€the€victim€sufferedÐ \¬ Ðonly€bodily€injury.€€Thus,€the€trial€court€should€have€instructed€the€jury€on€the€offense€of€assault.Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àNotwithstanding,€the€failure€to€instruct€on€a€lesser€included€offense€is€subject€to€harmlessÐ  p Ðerror€analysis.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Williamsóó,€977€S.W.2d€101,€105€(Tenn.€1998).€€Reversal€is€only€requiredÐ  \ Ðð ðif€the€error€affirmatively€appears€to€have€affected€the€result€of€the€trial€on€the€merits,€or€in€otherÐ øH Ðwords,€reversal€is€required€if€the€error€more€probably€than€not€affected€the€judgment€to€theÐ ä4 Ðdefendantððs€prejudice.ðð€€òòId.óó€€This€standard€of€appellate€review€was€reaffirmed€by€our€supreme€courtÐ Ð  Ðin€òòState€v.€Tina€Swindleóó,€No.€M1998„00362„SC„R11„CD,€2000€WL€1206492,€at€*4€(Tenn.,Ð ¼  ÐNashville,€Aug.€25,€2000).׃×Ý ƒ*#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð ¨ø ÐÌà  àWe€cannot€say€that€the€failure€to€instruct€on€aggravated€assault€and€assault€more€probablyÐ €Ð Ðthan€not€affected€the€judgment.€€For€the€jury€to€have€convicted€the€Defendant€of€aggravated€assault,Ð l¼ Ðit€would€have€had€to€have€found€that€the€Defendant€acted€recklessly€rather€than€knowingly.€€òòSeeóóÐ X ¨ ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„13„402(a)(2),€39„15„402(a).€€The€Defendant€testified€that€he€intentionallyÐ D!” Ðhit€the€child€by€spanking€him€with€a€belt€and€that€he€caused€some€of€the€childððs€injuries.€€While€theÐ 0"€  Ðjury€òòmightóó€have€found€that€the€Defendant€acted€recklessly€rather€than€knowingly,€we€cannot€say€thatÐ #l! Ðit€is€òòmore€probable€than€not€óóthat€the€jury€would€have€found€that€the€Defendant€acted€recklessly€ifÐ $X" Ðgiven€the€option.€€Thus,€the€failure€to€instruct€the€jury€on€the€offense€of€aggravated€assault€wasÐ ô$D # Ðharmless.€€Similarly,€to€convict€the€Defendant€of€assault,€the€jury€would€have€had€to€have€rejectedÐ à%0!$ Ðthe€evidence€that€the€victim€suffered€serious€bodily€injury€and€found€instead€that€he€suffered€onlyÐ ° Ðbodily€injury.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€ðððð€39„13„101(a)(1),€39„15„402(a).€€The€jury€was€instructed€on€the€offenses€ofÐ œì Ðaggravated€child€abuse€and€child€abuse.€€Child€abuse€differs€from€aggravated€child€abuse€in€that€itÐ ˆØ Ðrequires€only€injury€to€the€child,€rather€than€serious€bodily€injury.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€ðððð€39„15„401(a),€39„15„Ð tÄ Ð402(a).€€Because€the€jury€convicted€the€Defendant€of€aggravated€child€abuse€rather€than€child€abuse,Ð `° Ðwe€can€assume€that€the€jury€rejected€the€evidence€that€the€victim€suffered€only€bodily€injury€ratherÐ L œ Ðthan€serious€bodily€injury.€€òòSeeóó€òòWilliamsóó,€977€S.W.2d€at€106.€€Thus,€we€cannot€say€that€the€jury€moreÐ 8 ˆ Ðprobably€than€not€would€have€convicted€the€Defendant€of€assault,€making€the€failure€to€instruct€theÐ $ t Ðjury€on€assault€also€harmless.òòóó€€Ð  ` ÐÌà@    ìàREDACTION€OF€MEDICAL€REPORTˆÐ è 8  ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€not€properly€redacting€the€victimððs€medicalÐ À  Ðreport€so€as€to€eliminate€a€reference€to€the€Defendant€as€the€ð ðchief€suspectðð€in€the€case€of€allegedÐ ¬ü  Ðchild€abuse.€€He€states€that€while€the€trial€court€did€order€redaction,€the€redaction€was€not€successful,Ð ˜è  Ðand€the€reference€could€be€seen€by€the€jury.€€He€does€not,€however,€cite€to€any€place€in€the€recordÐ „Ô  Ðwhere€we€might€find€this€unsuccessful€redaction;€our€review€of€the€medical€report€included€in€theÐ pÀ Ðrecord€on€appeal€did€not€reveal€any€reference€to€the€Defendant€as€the€chief€suspect.€€Therefore,€thisÐ \¬ Ðissue€is€waived€because€the€Defendant€failed€to€make€appropriate€references€to€the€record.€€Tenn.€Ct.Ð H˜ ÐCrim.€App.€R.€10(b);€òòKillebrewóó,€760€S.W.2d€at€231;€òòsee€alsoóó€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€27(a)(7),€(g).€€InÐ 4„ Ðaddition,€we€note€that€any€error€in€redacting€the€medical€records€would€be€harmless.€€The€jury€wasÐ  p Ðinformed€through€the€testimony€of€the€Stateððs€witnesses€that€the€Defendant€was€the€chief€suspect€inÐ  \ Ðthe€case.Ð øH Ðà@--ìàREDACTION€OF€STATEMENT€€€€€ˆÐ ä4 ÐÌà  àFinally,€the€Defendant€asserts€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€not€redacting€his€statement€so€asÐ ¼  Ðto€eliminate€the€detectiveððs€use€of€the€word€ð ðextremelyðð€and€by€permitting€unintelligible€portions€ofÐ ¨ø Ðthe€statement€to€be€heard€by€the€jury.€€As€previously€stated,€the€admissibility€of€evidence€is€a€matterÐ ”ä Ðwithin€the€sound€discretion€of€the€trial€court,€and€this€Court€will€not€disturb€the€trial€courtððs€rulingÐ €Ð Ðabsent€a€clear€showing€of€an€abuse€of€that€discretion.€€òòSeeóó€òòCauthernóó,€967€S.W.2d€at€743;€òòBanksóó,€564Ð l¼ ÐS.W.2d€at€949.€€We€find€no€abuse€of€discretion€in€refusing€to€redact€the€Defendantððs€statement.Ð X ¨ ÐÌà  à€When€questioning€the€Defendant,€Detective€Carpenter€asked€the€Defendant,€ð ðWould€youÐ 0"€  Ðdescribe€the€whippings€you€gave€him€as€very€excessive,ðð€to€which€the€Defendant€replied,€ð ðmaybeÐ #l! Ðonce.ðð€€Detective€Carpenter€then€asked,€ð ðThis€one€time€that€you€would€describe€it€as€extremelyÐ $X" Ðexcessive,€when€was€that?,ðð€and€the€Defendant€replied,€ð ðItððs..€probably€just€this€last€time.ðð€€TheÐ ô$D # ÐDefendant€asserts€that€by€allowing€the€word€ð ðextremelyðð€to€remain€in€the€statement,€the€trial€courtÐ à%0!$ Ðpermitted€the€statement€to€suggest€that€the€Defendant€spanked€Jacob€hard€enough€to€inflict€ð ðextremeÐ Ì&"% Ðphysical€pain.ðð€€We€conclude€that€the€extent€of€force€used€during€the€spanking€was€very€relevant€toÐ ¸'#& Ðthe€juryððs€determination€of€whether€the€Defendant€caused€Jacob€extreme€physical€pain.€€Therefore,Ð ¤(ô#' Ðwe€cannot€find€that€the€admission€of€the€word€ð ðextremelyðð€was€an€abuse€of€discretion.Ð )à$( Ðâ âÐ |*Ì%) Ðà  àThe€Defendant€also€asserts€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€allowing€the€jury€to€hear€unintelligibleÐ ° Ðâ âportions€of€the€statement€because€those€portions€occur€in€places€where€the€Defendant€admitted€thatÐ œì Ðthe€child€was€injured.€€He€asserts€that€it€was€prejudicial€because€the€portions€improperly€suggest€toÐ ˆØ Ðthe€jury€that€the€Defendant€committed€the€crime.€€Specifically,€Detective€Carpenter€asked€theÐ tÄ ÐDefendant,€ð ðThe€rest€of€the€bruises€from€his€legs€and€on€his€back,..€on€these€pictures€Iððve€shown€you,Ð `° Ðdo€you€think€most€of€those€resulted€from€your€whippings?,ðð€and€the€Defendant€replied,€ð ðYeah,Ð L œ Ðprobably.€€I..€I€donððt€know€about€all€the€ones€on€his€back.€€Cause€I€donððt€know..Ð 8 ˆ ÐUNINTELLIGIBLE.ðð€€Later,€Detective€Carpenter€said,€ð ðBut,€you€do€realize€that..€that€Mic..€thatÐ $ t ÐJacob€has€suffered€abuse€and€that€a€lot€of€that€abuse€came€at..€at€your€hand€while€you€were€whippingÐ  ` Ðhim?ðð€€The€Defendant€replied,€ð ðUNINTELLIGIBLE,€Yeah.ðð€€€Ð ü L  Ðà@ìì*ìàˆÌà  àWe€do€not€believe€that€it€was€an€abuse€of€discretion€to€allow€the€jury€to€hear€the€DefendantððsÐ Ô$  Ðstatement,€which€included€unintelligible€portions.€€The€statement€was€very€relevant€to€the€issue€ofÐ À  Ðthe€Defendantððs€guilt.€€Moreover,€the€detective€who€took€the€statement€was€available€for€cross„Ð ¬ü  Ðexamination€as€to€any€parts€of€the€recorded€statement€which€were€unintelligible.€€Any€prejudicialÐ ˜è  Ðeffect€was€outweighed€by€the€probative€value€of€the€statement.Ð „Ô  ÐÌà@ll%ìàCONCLUSIONˆÐ \¬ ÐÌà  àWe€hold€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€failing€to€instruct€the€jury€on€the€offenses€of€aggravatedÐ 4„ Ðassault€by€reckless€conduct€and€assault,€but€that€such€failure€was€harmless.€€All€other€issues€raisedÐ  p Ðby€the€Defendant€lack€merit.€€Accordingly,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.Ð  \ ÐÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à___________________________________€Ð ä4 Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àDAVID€H.€WELLES,€JUDGE