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ÔÔ€"ÔÝ  Ý›Ò  ÒÒ ° ÒÒ  ÒÒ 8 ÒÓÓÑ\R AØ'\Ñò òÓ  ÓÔ€#ÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7€0 XXdìdÈ7ќـ€ÙßR€'(&A1-j|` ç `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌà@ àAT€NASHVILLEÌà@ àAUGUST€1997€SESSIONÌÌÓÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà àà à)€€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àNO.€ó ó€ò ò¢01C01£„9610„CC„00441ó óÌà àAppellee,à àà àà àà àò ò)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àWILLIAMSON€COUNTYÌ¢VS£.à àà àà àà àà àà à)ó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àò ò)à àHON.€DONALD€P.€HARRIS,ÏJUDGEÌEDWARD€¢IROGHUEHI£€¢ISIBOR£,€à àœ)›Ìà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà à)à àó ó(Resisting€Arrest)€à0 àà0 àà0 àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àò ò)ó óà àÌà àAppellant.à àà àà àà àò ò)ÌÌòòÌÌÌFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:à àà àà àà àòòFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:ÌÌSTEPHEN€¢CROFFORD£à àà àà àà àJOHN€KNOX€¢WALKUP£€Ìó ó209€10òòTHóó€Avenue,€South€€à àà àà àà àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌSuite€511ÌCummins€Stationà àà àà àà àà àò òPETER€M.€¢COUGHLAN£ó óÌNashville,€TN€37203à àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àCriminal€Justice€DivisionÌò òà àà àà àà àà àà àà àó ó450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0493ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àò òJOSEPH€D.€¢BAUGH£,€JR.Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àó óDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àò òDEREK€SMITHÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àó óAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àP.€O.€Box€937Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àFranklin,€TN€37065„0937ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌò òOPINION€FILED:€òò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóó óÌÌÌÌò òAFFIRMED€AS€MODIFIEDÌÌÌÌJOE€G.€RILEY,ÌÓÓJUDGEó óšà@ àÌà@ àòòò òÌà@ àOPINIONó óóóÑ€)ÑÇÑ7€0 XXdìXXdì7ÑÌà àOn€July€30,€1996,€Edward€Iroghuehi€Isibor€was€found€guilty€at€a€bench€trialÏof€resisting€arrest,€a€Class€B€misdemeanor.€€The€trial€court€placed€defendant€onÏjudicial€diversion€with€eleven€(11)€months€and€twenty„nine€(29)€days€probation.€ÏDefendant€complains€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€allowing€consolidation€of€theÏinitial€and€subsequent€indictments,€and€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€sustain€theÏtrial€courtððs€finding€of€guilt.€€We€find€these€issues€to€be€without€merit€and€AFFIRMÏthe€trial€court€in€the€finding€of€guilt.€€Although€the€issue€was€not€raised,€theÏjudgment€of€the€trial€court€must€be€modified€to€reflect€€judicial€diversion€with€sixÏ(6)€months€probation.ÌÌ€à@ àòòò òPROCEDURAL€HISTORY€ó óóóÌÌà àOn€May€5,€1994,€the€grand€jury€of€Williamson€County,€Tennessee,Ïreturned€a€three„count€indictment€(No.€I„77„594)€alleging€that€on€February€26,Ï1994,€the€defendant:ÌÓÓà8 à(1)€unlawfully€and€knowingly€did€in€a€public€place€and€with€theÏintent€to€cause€public€annoyance€or€alarm,€create€a€hazardous€andÏphysically€offensive€condition€by€an€act€that€served€no€legitimateÏpurpose,€in€violation€of€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€[Section]€39„17„305€[disorderly€conduct];€Ìà8 àÌà8 à(2)€unlawfully€and€intentionally€did€flee€from€.€.€.€a€duly€appointedÏlaw€enforcement€officer,€said€officer€being€known€to€defendant€to€beÏa€law€enforcement€officer,€at€a€time€when€the€said€defendant€hadÏbeen€arrested€or€knew€the€said€officer€was€attempting€to€arrest€him,Ïin€violation€of€Tennessee€Code€Annotated,€Section€39„16„603Ï[evading€arrest];€Ìà8 àÌà8 à(3)€unlawfully€did€prevent€and€obstruct€.€.€.€a€duly€appointed€officer€€Ìà8 à.€.€.€€by€using€force,€when€the€said€officer€.€.€.€attempted€to€lawfullyÏarrest€[him].€.€.€in€violation€of€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€SectionÏ39„16„602€[resisting€arrest].€ÌÌÓÓà àOn€September€26,€1994,€defendant€filed€a€motion€to€dismiss€count€one€ofÏthe€indictment€alleging€the€underlying€disorderly€conduct€statute€to€be€Ïð ðunconstitutionally€vague€and/or€€violating€due€process€and€or€infringing€uponÏdefendantððs€right€of€free€speech.ðð€€€On€October€24,€1994,€€the€trial€court€orderedÏthe€state€to€provide€a€Bill€of€Particulars€setting€forth€the€specific€offending€actions.€Ìà àOn€December€12,€1994,€a€second€indictment€(No.€I„239„1294)€based€onÏthe€same€incident€was€returned€alleging€that€defendant:ÌÓÓà8 àunlawfully,€knowingly€and€with€intent€to€cause€public€annoyance€orÏalarm,€did€in€a€public€place€engage€in€fighting€or€in€violent€orÏthreatening€behavior,€in€violation€of€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€Ìà8 à39„17„305(a)(1)€[disorderly€conduct].ÓÓÌà àOn€December€28,€1994,€defendant€moved€to€require€the€state€to€ð ðdisposeÏofðð€Indictment€Number€I„77„594,€claiming€the€second€indictment€to€be€aÏð ðsuperseding€indictment.ðð€€The€trial€court€consolidated€€the€two€indictments€forÏtrial.€€Ìà àDefendant€was€tried€by€jury€on€January€25,€1995.€€At€the€close€of€theÏstateððs€proof,€the€trial€court€entered€a€judgment€of€acquittal€as€to€€count€twoÏ[evading€arrest]€in€case€I„77„594.€€The€jury€was€unable€to€agree€on€a€verdict€as€toÏcounts€one€[disorderly€conduct]€and€three€[resisting€arrest]€of€I„77„594,€and€as€toÏcount€one€[disorderly€conduct]€in€I„239„1294.€€The€trial€court€declared€a€mistrialÏas€to€these€three€remaining€counts.€Ìà àThe€defendant€was€subsequently€tried€at€a€bench€trial.€€The€court€foundÍhim€ð ðguiltyðð€of€resisting€arrest€in€count€three€in€case€I„77„594€and€ð ðnot€guiltyðð€ofÏdisorderly€conduct€in€I„77„594€and€I„239„1294.€€Defendant€was€placed€on€judicialÏdiversion€based€on€the€conviction€for€resisting€arrest.Ìà àÌà àà@ àòòò òSUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€EVIDENCEó óóóÌÌà@ àò òA.ó óÌà àWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence,Ïour€standard€of€review€is€whether,€after€reviewing€the€evidence€in€a€light€mostÏfavorable€to€the€prosecution,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€theÏessential€elements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,Ï443€U.S.€307,€319€(1979).€€€Questions€concerning€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses,Ïthe€weight€and€value€to€be€given€the€evidence€as€well€as€all€factual€issues€raisedÏby€the€evidence,€are€resolved€by€the€trier€of€fact,€not€this€Court.€€òòState€v.€Tuttleóó,Ï914€S.W.2d€926,€932€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€Nor€may€this€Court€¢reweigh£€or€re„evaluate€the€evidence.€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€ÏOn€appeal,€the€State€is€entitled€to€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidenceÏand€all€inferences€therefrom.€€òòIdóó.€€Because€a€verdict€of€guilt€removes€theÏpresumption€of€innocence€and€replaces€it€with€a€presumption€of€guilt,€theÏaccused€has€the€burden€in€this€Court€of€illustrating€why€the€evidence€isÏinsufficient€to€support€the€verdict€returned€by€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639ÏS.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).€€Ìà àThe€offense€of€resisting€arrest€requires€a€person:ÌÓÓà àà8 àto€intentionally€prevent€or€obstruct€anyone€known€toÏthe€person€to€be€a€law€enforcement€officer€.€.€.€fromÏeffecting€a€stop,€frisk,€halt,€arrest€or€search€of€anyÏperson,€including€the€defendant,€by€using€forceÏagainst€the€law€enforcement€officer€or€another.€€ÌÌÓÓTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„16„602(a).€€ð ðForceðð€means€compulsion€by€physical€powerÏor€Ìviolence€and€is€to€be€broadly€construed.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€œ39„11„106(a)(12).›€€ÌÌà@ àò òB.Ìó óà àThe€stateððs€proof€showed€that€defendant€ignored€an€officer€who€was€onÏpatrol€in€the€Franklin€Wal„Mart€parking€lot€when€he€approached€defendantððsÏautomobile€and€asked€him€to€move€from€the€fire€lane.€€€Defendant€pointed€to€theÏcar€ahead€of€him,€and€the€officer€indicated€that€he€would€also€take€care€of€thatÏcar.€€Before€the€officer€arrived€at€the€second€car,€he€noticed€that€defendant€wasÏmaking€no€efforts€to€move€his€vehicle.€€Returning€to€defendantððs€car,€the€officerÏtapped€on€the€driverððs€window.€€Defendant€would€not€lower€his€window,€so€theÏofficer€went€to€the€rear€of€the€car€to€obtain€license€plate€information.€€The€officerÏradioed€for€backup€because€of€the€unusual€behavior€of€the€defendant.€ÏDefendant,€shouting€at€the€officer,€rolled€down€his€window€as€the€officerÏapproached.€€€The€officer€told€defendant€to€calm€down,€and€defendant€did€notÏcomply.€€The€officer€explained€that€defendant€could€be€charged€with€disorderlyÏconduct.€€Defendant€laughed€at€the€officer€and€pulled€away.€Ìà àDefendant€œwent›€to€a€regular€parking€space.€€The€officer€followed€andÏparked€behind€defendant.€€Defendant€began€walking€toward€Wal„Mart,€and€theÍofficer€asked€for€identification.€€€The€officer€testified€to€specific€language€used€byÏdefendant€that€reflected€a€disregard€for€authority€and€disdain€for€the€officer.€€Ñ€+ÑÇâ ââ âà àDefendant€yelled€and€became€aggressive€in€his€approach€to€the€officer,Ïcausing€the€officer€to€step€back€briefly.€€The€officer€told€the€defendant€he€wasÏplacing€him€under€arrest€for€disorderly€conduct.€€Defendant€turned€to€walk€awayÏagain,€and€the€officer€again€told€him€he€was€under€arrest.€€The€defendant€statedÏthat€the€officer€could€not€arrest€him€and€kept€walking€away.€€The€officer€graspedÏdefendantððs€clothing€between€his€shoulder€blades.€€Defendant€struggled€againstÏthe€officerððs€œefforts›€to€detain€him.€€Defendant€flailed€his€arms€and€also€struggled€inÏan€effort€to€avoid€being€handcuffed.€€The€€officer€finally€sprayed€defendantððs€faceÏwith€ð ðFreezeðð€in€order€to€subdue€him.€€Ìà àThe€defendant€testified€in€contradiction€to€much€of€the€stateððs€proof.€ÏSpecifically,€defendant€testified€that€he€did€not€struggle€with€the€officer.€€InÏessence,€he€denied€that€he€resisted€arrest.€€Ìà àThis€Court€does€not€¢reweigh£€the€evidence.€€This€Court€does€not€judge€theÏcredibility€of€witnesses.€€The€trial€judge€obviously€believed€the€officerððs€testimonyÏand€found€the€defendant€used€physical€power€(force)€in€obstructing€the€officerððsÏefforts€to€arrest€him.€€Therefore,€the€evidence€is€sufficient€to€support€the€guiltyÏfinding€of€resisting€arrest.€€Whether€the€arrest€was€or€was€not€supported€byÏprobable€cause€is€not€determinative€as€to€whether€defendant€resisted€arrest.€€AÏdefendant€may€still€be€guilty€of€resisting€arrest€even€if€the€arrest€is€unlawful.€ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„16„602(b).€€This€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌà@ àòòò òSUBSEQUENT€INDICTMENTó óóóÌ€Ìà àDefendant€contends€all€three€counts€of€the€first€indictment€should€haveÏbeen€dismissed€by€the€trial€court€upon€the€return€of€the€subsequent€indictmentÏwhich€charged€one€count€of€disorderly€conduct.€€Specifically,€defendant€contendsÏTenn.€R.€¢Crim£.€P.€8(a)€requires€that€such€offenses€must€be€joined€in€a€singleÏindictment.€€Ìà àTenn.€R.€¢Crim£.€P.€8(a)€€provides€that€€ð ð[t]wo€or€more€offenses€shall€beÏjoined€in€the€same€indictment€.€.€.€with€each€offense€stated€in€a€separate€count,€orÑ€,ÑÇconsolidated€pursuant€to€Rule€13€if€the€offenses€are€based€upon€the€sameÏconduct€or€arise€from€the€€same€criminal€episode€and€if€such€offenses€are€knownÏto€the€appropriate€prosecuting€official€at€the€time€of€the€return€of€the€indictment.€.€.ðð€ÏThe€purpose€of€the€rule€is€to€prevent€a€defendant€from€being€subjected€toÏseparate€trials€for€multiple€offenses€based€upon€the€same€conduct.€òò€See€óó€òòKing€v.ÏStateóó,€717€S.W.2d€306€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1986).€€€Defendant€overlooks€thatÏportion€of€the€above„mentioned€rule€which€states€that€the€offenses€shall€be€joinedÏin€the€same€indictment€ð ðor€consolidated€pursuant€to€Rule€13.ðð€€These€indictmentsÏand€offenses€were€consolidated€by€the€trial€court;€therefore,€there€was€noÏviolation€of€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€€8(a).€€This€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌà@ àò òòòDURATION€OF€JUDICIAL€DIVERSIONÌóóó óÌà àTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„313(a)(1)€specifies€that€the€court€may€ð ð€.€.€.€placeÏthe€person€on€probation€upon€such€reasonable€conditions€as€it€may€require€andÏfor€a€period€of€time€not€less€than€the€period€of€the€maximum€sentence€for€theÏmisdemeanor€€with€which€he€is€charged€.€.€.ðð€€€While€the€statute€omits€theÏmaximum€length€of€probation,€this€Court€has€held€that€the€period€of€probation€isÏto€be€the€same€length€as€the€maximum€sentence€for€the€misdemeanor€involved.€€ÏòòState€v.€Porteróó,€885€S.W.2d€93,€95€(Tenn.€¢Crim£.€App.€1994).€€€Since€resistingÏarrest€is€a€Class€B€misdemeanor€with€a€maximum€sentence€of€six€(6)€months,€theÏperiod€of€probation€for€judicial€diversion€must€be€six€(6)€months€rather€thanÏeleven€(11)€months€and€twenty„nine€(29)€days.Ìòòò òÌà@ àCONCLUSIONó óóóÌÌà àFor€the€foregoing€reasons,€we€AFFIRM€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€in€allÏrespects€except€that€the€judgment€must€be€modified€to€reflect€six€(6)€monthsÏprobation€for€judicial€diversion.€Ñ€.ÑÇ€€€€€€€€€€€ÌÓÓÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àJOE€G.€RILEY,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óó€Ì¢CURWOOD£€¢WITT£,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óó€€€€ÌJOE€H.€WALKER,€III,€SPECIAL€JUDGE