ÿWPC¤ À‡¥¸müË3ÒÎv„ ­|ûú|ëØ„ÈdLÌ’/Ê3Òχþ,OÕcØFxäëC°Ç¿è<‹ÄůÏ(ùégð\øc[%¤é?vôæ¹CÈ5¯•OåÈÍ’÷íûcïñv¸ÌÔ]~Æ!®æ<ïdŒ\š× k4ÏÚ~eoò@í®á ^Ëð±‘ïO‡Ô>”§TÅB¬Ôܵá6³B> B° .}ù¢„=ô*®ÐJ(ÚÑú*HýTþH’ž©271KðDænáßcƒióٹßs£`h¿×TŒ½ÀÕÜ¥÷4Ðam…µ+~È]TÃã`¥i~·ÌëtÙ–}+CÍ^ÄÞ‚xŽ^n¨YõÿÓUÞ³ØäeÉàOOl RJæmo -Åñð» oRÿ¢…]›¶ã¦<)I iÛeÓõlá}@lÑFKî€]vç¥;­Š@R£˜Ç$<§Q»|@üãdÏ;jãñõÓÚ©Ü1#äžlYI¼ä€´è1UÅ+“x 1Œ¶Ë\dmZÈöµæ³¥-—‡‡#T>óð29 QQpZé„åRÁÐñjÒ:øýødæïº?KoÙ‚K »©“žiàäê<]ËS%j†/†!„ “ÇVÆ‹ë_šb %\õb 0ˆWUNß]- UNŠ ^ Ø zä Ò^ w0 44 H W ÆY Æ Æå Æ« mqNˆ#ÉŠŠESSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS 0DUUUb™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™ 0ë¡¡¡¡ BŒŒ 0¤© D3M D-€ 0K­­ ASøÆK 0¤ 0Dµ A«ù» ëÝ ƒRoM$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôÿò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔDefendant€Ô_ÔJermaineÔ_Ô€Ivory€was€also€indicted€on€other€counts€not€relevant€here.(`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular SÝ ƒRoM$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôÿò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔNor€did€Ô_ÔJermaineÔ_Ô€Ivory€introduce€any€expert€testimony€about€his€alleged€mental€health€problems.€€The€onlyÐ ° Ðproof€he€submitted€on€this€topic€was€his€own€testimony.(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularE–‰1î  ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt J‰1ê:i¢×+003|xLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PCL6ÒV,,,,ÒV0(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó- ù-(|G2oM$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Æ-»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôÿò»»Ô d(|37$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Æ-»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|37$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Æ-»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Æ-»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼Æ-»»»ÔÑ8€–kXXdé»»d8Ñà@hhìàÔ‡î0*Æ-ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@gg$ìàAT€NASHVILLEÔ#†¼Æ-»îî0* #ԈРÓ# ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àAssigned€on€Briefs€October€13,€2004Ð öF ÐÔ‡X–kX»¼Æ-ÔÌÔ#†¼Æ-»XX–k!#Ôò òÔ_ÔJERMAINEÔ_Ô€IVORY€and€JAMES€IVORY€v.€STATE€OF€TENNESSEE€ó óÐ ï? ÐÌÔ€X–kX»¼Æ-Ôà@@½½ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Davidson€CountyÐ  ` Ðà@@øøìàNo.€98„D„2781€€€€€€Steve€Dozier,€JudgeÐ ú J ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<·` AßÐ ¸  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€M2003„02553„CCA„R3„PC€Filed€December€9,€2004Ð ±  ÐßA€V) °°` dE<š` AßÐ ›ë  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓDefendant€Ô_ÔJermaineÔ_Ô€Ivory€was€convicted€by€a€jury€of€three€charges€involving€the€sale€of€cocaine.€Ð “ã  ÐFor€these€crimes,€the€trial€court€sentenced€Ô_ÔJermaineÔ_Ô€Ivory€to€an€effective€sentence€of€thirty„six€yearsÐ |Ì  Ðin€the€Department€of€Correction.€€Ô_ÔCodefendantÔ_Ô€James€Ivory€was€convicted€by€the€same€jury€of€oneÐ eµ Ðof€the€same€charges;€€James€Ivory€subsequently€pled€guilty€to€another€cocaine€offense,€twoÐ Nž Ðmarijuana€offenses,€and€one€count€of€felony€possession€of€a€firearm.€€For€all€of€these€offenses,€JamesÐ 7‡ ÐIvory€was€sentenced€to€an€effective€sentence€of€twenty€years€in€the€Department€of€Correction.€€TheÐ  p Ðconsolidated€direct€appeal€of€these€two€Defendants€was€denied.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€James€Lee€Ivoryóó,€No.Ð  Y ÐM2000„02145„CCA„R3„CD,€2003€WL€76980€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.,€Nashville,€Jan.€10,€2003).€€BothÐ òB ÐDefendants€subsequently€filed€for€post„conviction€relief.€€Ô_ÔJermaineÔ_Ô€Ivory€alleged€ineffectiveÐ Û+ Ðassistance€of€counsel€in€conjunction€with€his€trial,€claiming€that€his€lawyer€failed€to€adequatelyÐ Ä Ðinvestigate€his€case,€failed€to€adequately€advise€him€about€his€case,€and€failed€to€investigate€and/orÐ ­ý Ðpursue€issues€involving€his€mental€health.€€James€Ivory€alleged€that€his€trial€counsel€was€ineffectiveÐ –æ Ðat€trial€in€failing€to€object€to€inadmissible€evidence,€and€in€failing€to€file€a€motion€for€new€trial,Ð Ï Ðthereby€waiving€a€suppression€issue.€€James€Ivory€also€alleged€that,€due€to€his€lawyerððs€ineffectiveÐ h¸ Ðassistance,€his€later€guilty€pleas€were€not€knowing€and€voluntary.€€After€a€hearing,€the€trial€courtÐ Q¡ Ðdenied€relief€to€both€Defendants€and€this€direct€appeal€followed.€€We€affirm€the€judgments€of€theÐ :Š Ðtrial€court.€€Ð # s ÐÓÀÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgments€of€the€Criminal€Court€Affirmedó óÐ õ!E! ÐÌòòÓ  ÓDavid€H.€Welles,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòGary€R.€Wade,€Ô_ÔP.J.Ô_Ô,óó€and€òòJohnÐ È## ÐEverett€Williams,€J.óó,€joined.Ð ±$ $ ÐÌDwight€E.€Scott€and€Michael€Ô_ÔColaveccioÔ_Ô,€Nashville,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellants,€Ô_ÔJermaineÔ_Ô€IvoryÐ ƒ&Ó!& Ðand€James€Ivory.Ð l'¼"' ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Kathy€D.€Ô_ÔAslingerÔ_Ô,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð >)Ž$) ÐVictor€S.€Johnson,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Ryan€Brown,€Assistant€District€Attorney€General,Ð '*w%* Ðfor€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð +`&+ ÐÓ‰ ÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óòòóóÐ â,2(- ÐÔ_Ôò òÐ Ì-).ý ÐÔ_ÔFACTSó óÐ ° ÐÌÓ  Óòòóóò òà  àó óAccording€to€the€opinion€filed€in€the€direct€appeal€of€the€Defendantsðð€convictions,€aÐ ƒÓ Ðconfidential€informant€purchased€cocaine€from€Defendant€Jermaine€Ivory€at€a€residence€in€NashvilleÐ l¼ Ðon€two€different€occasions€in€the€spring€of€1998.€€A€search€of€the€residence€was€subsequentlyÐ U¥ Ðconducted€on€April€6,€1998.€€Following€the€seizure€of€evidence€during€this€search,€DefendantÐ > Ž ÐJermaine€Ivory€was€indicted€on€two€counts€involving€the€sale€of€cocaine€and€one€count€of€conspiringÐ ' w Ðto€sell€cocaine.׃×Ý ƒ+#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Defendant€James€Ivory€was€also€indicted€on€the€conspiracy€charge.€€TheÐ  ` ÐDefendants€were€tried€together€on€these€counts€and€convicted€by€a€jury€as€charged.€€DefendantÐ ù I ÐJames€Ivory€subsequently€pled€guilty€to€two€other€counts€alleged€against€him€in€the€indictment.€Ð â 2  ÐDefendant€James€Ivory€also€pled€guilty€to€two€additional€charges€brought€against€him€arising€outÐ Ë   Ðof€drug„related€activities€occurring€in€November€1998.€€These€charges€were€brought€pursuant€to€aÐ ´  Ðcriminal€information€rather€than€by€indictment.€€These€charges€stemmed€in€part€from€a€searchÐ í  Ðconducted€in€November€1998.Ð †Ö  ÐÌà  àBoth€Defendants€now€seek€post„conviction€relief€on€the€basis€of€ineffective€assistance€ofÐ X¨  Ðcounsel.€€Defendant€James€Ivory€further€challenges€the€constitutionality€of€his€guilty€pleas.€€ò òÐ A‘ ÐÌJERMAINE€IVORYÐ d Ðó óà  àDefendant€Jermaine€Ivory€was€represented€at€trial€by€his€retained€attorney,€Mr.€Dale€Quillen.€Ð þN ÐJermaine€Ivoryððs€allegations€of€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel€consist€of€complaints€about€Mr.Ð ç7 ÐQuillenððs€investigation€of€the€case,€Mr.€Quillenððs€investigation€of€his€mental€health,€and€theÐ Ð  Ðadequacy€of€Mr.€Quillenððs€advice€to€him€about€the€case.€€In€support€of€his€allegations,€€JermaineÐ ¹  ÐIvory€initially€testified€at€the€post„conviction€hearing€that€the€only€time€he€saw€€Mr.€Quillen€was€inÐ ¢ò Ðthe€courthouse€after€his€arrest;€that€Mr.€Quillen€told€him€that€the€State€ð ðainððt€got€nothing€onðð€him;Ð ‹Û Ðthat€he€told€Mr.€Quillen€about€his€mental€health€ð ðproblemsðð€and€that€he€thought€they€should€beÐ tÄ Ðinvestigated;€and€that€he€told€Mr.€Quillen€that€he€wanted€to€testify.€€Jermaine€Ivory€acknowledgedÐ ]­ Ðthat€Mr.€Quillen€interviewed€the€four€witnesses€that€he€suggested€be€contacted,€but€he€did€not€knowÐ F– Ðif€Mr.€Quillen€interviewed€the€Stateððs€witnesses.€€Ð / ÐÌà  àOn€cross„examination,€Jermaine€Ivory€admitted€that€he€had,€in€fact,€met€with€Mr.€QuillenÐ  Q Ðseveral€times€prior€to€his€arrest;€that€Mr.€Quillen€told€him€what€charges€were€being€brought€againstÐ ê : Ðhim€and€what€the€State€would€have€to€prove;€that€he€told€Mr.€Quillen€ð ðeverythingðð€about€theÐ Ó!#  Ðcharges;€and€that€Mr.€Quillen€conveyed€a€plea€offer€from€the€State€for€twelve€years,€to€which€heÐ ¼" ! Ðresponded,€ð ðI€ainððt€did€nothing,ðð€and€ð ðNaw,€I€ainððt€gonna€plead€guilty€to€that.ðð€€On€questions€by€theÐ ¥#õ" Ðcourt,€Jermaine€Ivory€responded€that€Mr.€Quillen€brought€to€him€in€jail€the€Stateððs€audiotapes,€whereÐ Ž$Þ# Ðthey€listened€to€them.€€Jermaine€Ivory€asserted€that€Mr.€Quillen€never€discussed€the€possibleÐ w%Ç $ Ðsentences€he€was€facing,€and€that€Mr.€Quillen€was€supposed€to€ð ð[p]rove€[his]€innocence€.€.€.€[a]ndÐ `&°!% Ðhe€didnððt€do€it.ðð€€à ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àÐ I'™"& Ðâ âÐ 2(‚#' Ðà  àMr.€Quillen€also€testified€at€the€hearing.€€He€explained€that€he€visited€the€scene€of€the€allegedÐ ° Ðâ âcrimes;€hired€an€investigator€to€assist€him€in€preparing€for€trial;€spoke€with€all€of€the€witnessesÐ ™é Ðnamed€to€him€by€Jermaine€Ivory;€filed€a€motion€to€compel€discovery;€and€discussed€the€facts€of€theÐ ‚Ò Ðcase€with€the€Defendant.€€Jermaine€Ivory€protested€his€innocence€of€the€charged€offenses€throughoutÐ k» ÐMr.€Quillenððs€representation€of€him.€€Mr.€Quillen€acknowledged€that€he€knew€that€Jermaine€IvoryÐ T¤ Ðhad€had€some€difficulties€as€a€child,€but€ð ðdidnððt€see€anything€that€would€„„€that€[he]€thoughtÐ =  Ðwouldððve€gotten€[him]€any€place€close€to€a€finding€that€[the€Defendant]€was€„„€wouldððve€had€aÐ & v Ðmental€defense.ðð€€While€Mr.€Quillen€had€no€distinct€recollection€of€explaining€to€Jermaine€Ivory€theÐ  _ Ðrange€of€punishments€attendant€upon€the€charged€offenses,€he€stated€that€he€was€ð ðsure€[he]€wouldÐ ø H Ðhaveðð€discussed€that€topic€with€his€client.€€Mr.€Quillen€also€stated€that€he€would€have€advised€theÐ á 1  ÐDefendant€not€to€testify,€and€did€not€recall€Jermaine€Ivory€stating€that€he€wanted€to€testify.Ð Ê   ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€found€that€Mr.€Quillen€ð ðdiscussed€the€elements€of€the€offenses€with€[JermaineÐ œì  ÐIvory]€sufficiently€to€place€the€petitioner€on€notice€of€the€charges€against€himðð;€that€Mr.€QuillenÐ …Õ  Ðð ðdiligently€performed€his€task€in€regards€to€acquiring€discovery€and€investigating€the€caseðð;€and€thatÐ n¾  ÐJermaine€Ivoryððs€proof€regarding€his€alleged€mental€health€problems€was€ð ðunpersuasive,ðð€noting€thatÐ W§  ÐJermaine€Ivory€ð ðdid€not€introduce€any€documentation€supporting€his€claim€of€mental€healthÐ @ Ðproblems.ðð׃×Ý ƒ+#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€trial€court€therefore€found€that€Jermaine€Ivory€had€ð ðnot€demonstrated€prejudice€byÐ )y Ðhis€counselððs€actions€sufficient€for€relief€under€the€post„conviction€act.ððÐ b Ðò òÌJAMES€IVORYÐ å5 Ðà  àó óDefendant€James€Ivory€was€represented€by€Mr.€Clark€Shaw.€€James€Ivory€complains€aboutÐ Ï ÐMr.€Shawððs€representation€in€conjunction€with€both€his€jury€trial€and€his€later€guilty€pleas.€€WithÐ ¸ Ðrespect€to€the€jury€trial€ð"ð€upon€which€James€Ivory€was€convicted€of€conspiring€to€sell€cocaine€ð"ðÐ ¡ñ ÐJames€Ivory€asserts€that€Mr.€Shaw€was€deficient€in€failing€to€object€to€inadmissible€photographs€andÐ ŠÚ Ðin€failing€to€file€a€motion€for€new€trial,€which€would€have€preserved€for€appellate€review€theÐ sà Ðadmissibility€of€evidence€gathered€in€the€April€1998€search.€€With€respect€to€his€guilty€pleas,€JamesÐ \¬ ÐIvory€alleges€that€his€lawyer€failed€to€reserve€a€certified€question€of€law€regarding€the€admissibilityÐ E• Ðof€evidence€gathered€during€the€November€1998€search,€and€that€Mr.€Shaw€failed€to€explain€to€himÐ .~ Ðthat€he€had€a€right€to€have€a€grand€jury€review€the€charges€brought€against€him€pursuant€to€theÐ g Ðcriminal€information.€€James€Ivory€also€contends€that€his€guilty€pleas€were€involuntary€andÐ  P Ðunknowing€because€of€his€minimal€education€and€functional€illiteracy.Ð é 9 ÐÌà  àAt€the€post„conviction€hearing,€Mr.€Shaw€testified€before€James€Ivory€did.€€Mr.€Shaw€saidÐ »" ! Ðthat€he€explained€James€Ivoryððs€guilty€plea€petition€to€him€and€thought€that€he€explained€thingsÐ ¤#ô" Ðadequately.€€He€did€not€know€to€what€extent€James€Ivory€could€read€and€write,€but€assumed€that€hisÐ $Ý# Ðcriminal€defense€clients€were€illiterate;€he€did€not€like€to€embarrass€them€by€asking.€€Mr.€ShawÐ v%Æ $ Ðstated€that€he€did€not€know€that€James€Ivory€had€been€diagnosed€as€learning„disabled,€but€describedÐ _&¯!% ÐJames€Ivory€as€an€ð ðintelligent€human€beingðð€who€never€gave€any€indication€of€not€understandingÐ H'˜"& Ðthe€proceedings.€€Mr.€Shaw€did€not€explain€in€detail€the€Defendantððs€right€to€have€the€Grand€JuryÐ 1(#' Ðindict€him€on€the€charges€in€the€criminal€information€to€which€he€eventually€pled€guilty,€butÐ )j$( Ðinvolved€James€Ivory€in€the€decision€to€bypass€that€process€in€order€to€face€a€single€trial€instead€ofÐ ° Ðtwo.€€According€to€Mr.€Shaw,€when€James€Ivory€decided€to€plead€guilty€to€the€charges€raised€in€theÐ ™é Ðinformation,€the€Defendant€did€not€desire€to€reserve€a€certified€question€of€law€regarding€whetherÐ ‚Ò Ðthe€evidence€obtained€during€the€November€1998€search€should€have€been€suppressed.€€Mr.€ShawÐ k» Ðtestified€that,€in€retrospect,€he€should€have€reserved€the€question.€€With€respect€to€an€appeal€of€theÐ T¤ Ðjury€verdict,€Mr.€Shaw€testified€that€his€client€told€him€that€he€did€not€want€to€pursue€an€appeal.€Ð =  ÐAlthough€Mr.€Shaw€had€already€drafted€a€motion€for€new€trial,€he€did€not€file€it€due€to€his€clientððsÐ & v Ðinstructions.€€James€Ivory€later€changed€his€mind,€but€too€late€to€file€the€motion.€€Accordingly,€JamesÐ  _ ÐIvory€was€deemed€by€this€Court€on€direct€appeal€to€have€waived€any€suppression€issues€he€had€withÐ ø H Ðrespect€to€the€April€1998€search.€€òòSeeóó€òòJames€Lee€Ivoryóó,€2003€WL€76980,€at€*5.€€Ð á 1  ÐÌà  àJames€Ivory€testified€that€he€went€through€seventh€grade€and€that€his€reading€and€writingÐ ³  Ðskills€were€ð ð[n]ot€that€good.ðð€€He€introduced€school€records€indicating€that€he€was€learning„disabled.€Ð œì  ÐHe€denied€that€he€told€Mr.€Shaw€that€he€did€not€want€to€appeal€his€jury€verdict.€€He€denied€that€Mr.Ð …Õ  ÐShaw€explained€his€constitutional€rights€in€conjunction€with€his€guilty€plea.€€On€cross„examination,Ð n¾  ÐJames€Ivory€asserted€that€his€lawyer€was€lying€during€his€testimony€at€the€post„conviction€hearing.€Ð W§  ÐWith€respect€to€his€guilty€pleas,€he€claimed€that€he€just€ð ðsigned€some€papersðð€and€did€not€know€thatÐ @ Ðhe€was€pleading€guilty.€€Ð )y ÐÌà  àWith€respect€to€James€Ivoryððs€contentions€regarding€his€attorneyððs€failure€at€trial€to€objectÐ ûK Ðto€allegedly€inadmissible€photographs,€the€trial€court€found€that€no€prejudice€accrued€as€a€result€ofÐ ä4 ÐMr.€Shawððs€allegedly€deficient€performance€in€this€regard€because€the€Codefendantððs€counselÐ Í Ðobjected,€and€the€evidence€was€properly€deemed€admissible€over€the€Codefendantððs€objection.€€AsÐ ¶ Ðto€Mr.€Shawððs€failure€to€file€a€motion€for€new€trial€raising€as€an€issue€the€validity€of€the€April€6Ð Ÿï Ðsearch,€the€trial€court€specifically€ð ðaccredit[ed]€the€testimony€of€Attorney€Shaw€and€[was]€of€theÐ ˆØ Ðopinion€that€he€was€acting€on€directions€from€[James€Ivory]€not€to€appeal.ðð€€The€trial€court€alsoÐ qÁ Ðfound€that€James€Ivory€had€failed€to€demonstrate€that€his€jury„verdict€conviction€might€have€beenÐ Zª Ðreversed€on€appeal€on€the€ground€that€the€evidence€gathered€during€the€April€search€should€haveÐ C“ Ðbeen€suppressed,€even€if€Mr.€Shaw€had€timely€filed€the€motion.€€Codefendant€Jermaine€IvoryÐ ,| Ðchallenged€this€search€in€the€direct€appeal€of€his€convictions,€and€this€Court€deemed€this€issue€to€beÐ e Ðwithout€merit.€€òòSeeóó€òòJames€Lee€Ivoryóó,€2003€WL€76980,€at€*8.€€Ð þN ÐÌà  àWith€respect€to€James€Ivoryððs€contentions€regarding€his€guilty€plea,€the€trial€court€determinedÐ Ð!   Ðthat€he€ð ðknew€the€nature€of€his€act€in€pleading€guiltyðð;€accredited€Mr.€Shawððs€testimony€in€thisÐ ¹" ! Ðregard;€and€was€ð ðof€the€opinion€that€[James€Ivory]€understood€the€ramifications€of€pleading€guiltyÐ ¢#ò" Ðto€these€charges.ðð€€The€trial€court€further€found€that€the€Defendant€waived€his€right€to€a€grand€juryÐ ‹$Û# Ðproceeding€in€conjunction€with€his€plea,€that€this€matter€was€covered€by€the€trial€court€during€theÐ t%Ä $ Ðplea,€and€that€there€was€no€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel€in€this€regard.€€Ð ]&­!% Ðò òÌÓ  ÓSTANDARD€OF€REVIEWó óÐ 0(€#' ÐÓËBÓÔ‡X~K XXX–kÔà  àTo€sustain€a€petition€for€post„conviction€relief,€a€defendant€must€prove€his€or€her€factualÐ )j$( Ðallegations€by€clear€and€convincing€evidence€at€an€evidentiary€hearing.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„Ð *S%) Ð30„110(f);€òòMomon€v.€Stateóó,€18€S.W.3d€152,€156€(Tenn.€1999).€€Upon€review,€this€Court€will€not€re„Ð ì*<&* Ðweigh€or€re„evaluate€the€evidence€below;€all€questions€concerning€the€credibility€of€witnesses,€theÐ Õ+%'+ Ðweight€and€value€to€be€given€their€testimony,€and€the€factual€issues€raised€by€the€evidence€are€to€beÐ ° Ðresolved€by€the€trial€judge,€not€the€appellate€courts.€€òòSeeóó€òòMomonóó,€18€S.W.3d€at€156;€òòHenley€v.€Stateóó,Ð ™é Ð960€S.W.2d€572,€578„79€(Tenn.€1997).€€The€trial€judgeððs€findings€of€fact€on€a€petition€for€post„Ð ‚Ò Ðconviction€relief€are€afforded€the€weight€of€a€jury€verdict€and€are€conclusive€on€appeal€unless€theÐ k» Ðevidence€preponderates€against€those€findings.€€òòSeeóó€òòMomonóó,€18€S.W.3d€at€156;€òòHenleyóó,€960€S.W.2dÐ T¤ Ðat€578.€€Ô#†X–kX XX~KC#ÔÔ‡X~K XXX–kÔÐ =  ÐÌà  àBoth€the€Sixth€Amendment€to€the€United€States€Constitution€and€Article€I,€Section€9€of€theÐ  _ ÐTennessee€Constitution€guarantee€a€criminal€defendant€the€right€to€representation€by€counsel.€€òòSeeóóÐ ø H ÐòòState€v.€Burnsóó,€6€S.W.3d€453,€461€(Tenn.€1999);€òòBaxter€v.€Roseóó,€523€S.W.2d€930,€936€(Tenn.€1975).€Ð á 1  ÐBoth€the€United€States€Supreme€Court€and€the€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€have€recognized€that€theÐ Ê   Ðright€to€such€representation€includes€the€right€to€ð ðreasonably€effectiveðð€assistance,€that€is,€within€theÐ ³  Ðrange€of€competence€demanded€of€attorneys€in€criminal€cases.€€òòSeeóó€òòStrickland€v.€Washingtonóó,€466Ð œì  ÐU.S.€668,€687€(1984);€òòBurnsóó,€6€S.W.3d€at€461;€òòBaxteróó,€523€S.W.2d€at€936.Ð …Õ  ÐÌà  àA€lawyerððs€assistance€to€his€or€her€client€is€ineffective€if€the€lawyerððs€conduct€ð ðsoÐ W§  Ðundermined€the€proper€functioning€of€the€adversarial€process€that€the€trial€cannot€be€relied€on€asÐ @ Ðhaving€produced€a€just€result.ðð€€òòStricklandóó,€466€U.S.€at€686.€€This€overall€standard€is€comprised€ofÐ )y Ðtwo€components:€deficient€performance€by€the€defendantððs€lawyer,€and€actual€prejudice€to€theÐ b Ðdefense€caused€by€the€deficient€performance.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€at€687;€òòBurnsóó,€6€S.W.3d€at€461.€€The€defendantÐ ûK Ðbears€the€burden€of€establishing€both€of€these€components€by€clear€and€convincing€evidence.€€òòSeeóóÐ ä4 ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„30„110(f);€òòBurnsóó,€6€S.W.3d€at€461.€€The€defendantððs€failure€to€prove€eitherÐ Í Ðdeficiency€or€prejudice€is€a€sufficient€basis€upon€which€to€deny€relief€on€an€ineffective€assistanceÐ ¶ Ðof€counsel€claim.€€òòSeeóó€òòBurnsóó,€6€S.W.3d€at€461;€òòGoad€v.€Stateóó,€938€S.W.2d€363,€370€(Tenn.€1996).Ð Ÿï ÐÌà  àThis€two„part€standard€of€measuring€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel€also€applies€to€claimsÐ qÁ Ðarising€out€of€a€guilty€plea.€€òòSeeóó€òòHill€v.€Lockhartóó,€474€U.S.€52,€58€(1985).€€The€prejudice€componentÐ Zª Ðis€modified€such€that€the€defendant€ð ðmust€show€that€there€is€a€reasonable€probability€that,€but€forÐ C“ Ðcounselððs€errors,€he€would€not€have€pleaded€guilty€and€would€have€insisted€on€going€to€trial.ðð€€òòId.óóÐ ,| Ðat€59;€òòseeóó€òòalsoóó€òòHicks€v.€Stateóó,€983€S.W.2d€240,€246€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1998).Ð e ÐÌà  àIn€evaluating€a€lawyerððs€performance,€the€reviewing€court€uses€an€objective€standard€ofÐ ç 7 Ðð ðreasonableness.ðð€€òòSeeóó€òòStricklandóó,€466€U.S.€at€688;€òòBurnsóó,€6€S.W.3d€at€462òòóó.€€The€reviewing€courtÐ Ð!   Ðmust€be€highly€deferential€to€counselððs€choices€ð ðand€should€indulge€a€strong€presumption€thatÐ ¹" ! Ðcounselððs€conduct€falls€within€the€wide€range€of€reasonable€professional€assistance.ðð€€òòBurnsóó,€6Ð ¢#ò" ÐS.W.3d€at€462;€òòsee€alsoóó€òòStricklandóó,€466€U.S.€at€689.€€The€court€should€not€use€the€benefit€ofÐ ‹$Û# Ðhindsight€to€second„guess€trial€strategy€or€to€criticize€counselððs€tactics,€òòseeóó€òòHellard€v.€Stateóó,€629Ð t%Ä $ ÐS.W.2d€4,€9€(Tenn.€1982),€and€counselððs€alleged€errors€should€be€judged€in€light€of€all€the€facts€andÐ ]&­!% Ðcircumstances€as€of€the€time€they€were€made,€òòseeóó€òòStricklandóó,€466€U.S.€at€690;€òòHicks€v.€Stateóó,€983Ð F'–"& ÐS.W.2d€240,€246€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1998).Ð /(#' ÐÌà  àA€trial€courtððs€determination€of€an€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel€claim€presents€a€mixedÐ *Q%) Ðquestion€of€law€and€fact€on€appeal.€€òòSeeóó€òòFields€v.€Stateóó,€40€S.W.3d€450,€458€(Tenn.€2001).€€ThisÐ ê*:&* ÐCourt€reviews€the€trial€courtððs€findings€of€fact€with€regard€to€the€effectiveness€of€counsel€under€aÐ Ó+#'+ Ðòòdeóó€òònovoóó€standard,€accompanied€with€a€presumption€that€those€findings€are€correct€unless€theÐ ° Ðpreponderance€of€the€evidence€is€otherwise.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€€ð ðHowever,€a€trial€courtððs€òòconclusions€of€lawóó„„Ð ™é Ðsuch€as€whether€counselððs€performance€was€deficient€or€whether€that€deficiency€was€prejudicial„„areÐ ‚Ò Ðreviewed€under€a€purely€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€standard,€with€no€presumption€of€correctness€given€to€the€trialÐ k» Ðcourtððs€conclusions.ðð€€òòId.óó€€Ô#†X–kX XX~KÈG#Ô€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð T¤ ÐÌò òÓ  ÓANALYSISÐ & v ÐÓˆZÓJERMAINE€IVORYÐ  ` Ðó óà  àIn€reviewing€Jermaine€Ivoryððs€allegations€of€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel€and€the€proofÐ ú J Ðadduced€at€the€post„conviction€hearing,€we€find€no€error€by€the€trial€court€in€denying€relief.€Ð ã 3  ÐJermaine€Ivory€has€not€demonstrated€by€clear€and€convincing€evidence€that€Mr.€Quillen€failed€toÐ Ì   Ðinvestigate€his€case€adequately,€or€that€Mr.€Quillen€could€have€established€any€viable€theory€ofÐ µ  Ðdefense€based€upon€Jermiane€Ivoryððs€mental€health€(or€lack€thereof).€€While€the€proof€is€less€thanÐ žî  Ðoverwhelming€that€Mr.€Quillen€explained€to€Jermaine€Ivory€the€possible€punishments€he€was€facingÐ ‡×  Ðon€these€charges,€and€while€the€trial€court€made€no€specific€findings€on€this€particular€allegation,€weÐ pÀ  Ðfind€that€the€Defendant€Jermaine€Ivory€has€failed€to€prove€by€clear€and€convincing€evidence€that€heÐ Y©  Ðwas€prejudiced€by€any€alleged€failure€on€his€attorneyððs€part€in€this€regard.€€Mr.€Quillen€testified€thatÐ B’ ÐJermaine€Ivory€maintained€his€innocence€throughout€the€proceedings.€€Jermaine€Ivory€testified€thatÐ +{ Ðhe€refused€to€plead€guilty,€even€after€getting€an€offer€from€the€State€for€twelve€years.€€Jermaine€IvoryÐ d Ðdid€not€testify€that€he€would€have€pled€guilty€had€he€been€better€informed€about€the€potentialÐ ýM Ðsentences€he€was€facing€upon€a€jury€verdict€of€guilt;€rather,€he€testified€that€his€attorney€failed€himÐ æ6 Ðbecause€he€was€supposed€to€ð ðprove€[his]€innocence€and€he€didnððt€do€it.ðð€€Jermaine€Ivoryððs€realÐ Ï Ðcomplaint€is€with€the€jury€that€convicted€him,€not€his€lawyer.€€The€Defendant€having€failed€to€proveÐ ¸ Ðhis€allegations€of€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel€by€clear€and€convincing€evidence,€we€affirm€theÐ ¡ñ Ðtrial€courtððs€denial€of€post„conviction€relief€to€Jermaine€Ivory.€Ð ŠÚ ÐÌò òJAMES€IVORYó óÐ \¬ Ðà  àAgain,€we€find€no€error€by€the€trial€court€in€denying€post„conviction€relief€to€DefendantÐ F– ÐJames€Ivory.€€With€respect€to€Mr.€Shawððs€failure€to€object€at€trial€to€allegedly€inadmissibleÐ / Ðphotographs,€Mr.€Shaw€explained€that€he€did€not€object€because€counsel€for€one€of€the€codefendantsÐ h Ðdid€so.€€Moreover,€this€was€an€issue€that€could€have€been€raised€on€direct€appeal€but€was€notÐ  Q Ðbecause,€according€to€the€trial€courtððs€finding€of€fact,€James€Ivory€told€Mr.€Shaw€that€he€did€notÐ ê : Ðwant€to€appeal€his€jury€conviction.€€Accordingly,€James€Ivory€has€waived€this€particular€complaintÐ Ó!#  Ðfor€the€purposes€of€post„conviction€relief.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„30„106(g).€€As€to€Mr.€ShawððsÐ ¼" ! Ðfailure€to€file€a€motion€for€new€trial,€the€evidence€does€not€preponderate€against€the€trial€courtððsÐ ¥#õ" Ðfinding€that€James€Ivory€was€responsible€for€this€decision,€and€James€Ivory€has€therefore€failed€toÐ Ž$Þ# Ðdemonstrate€that€Mr.€Shawððs€representation€was€deficient€in€this€regard.€€€€Ð w%Ç $ ÐÌà  àSimilarly,€the€evidence€does€not€preponderate€against€the€trial€judgeððs€findings€of€fact€withÐ I'™"& Ðrespect€to€James€Ivoryððs€allegations€about€his€guilty€pleas.€€Mr.€Shaw€testified€that€he€fully€explainedÐ 2(‚#' Ðthe€pleas€to€James€Ivory€and€that€the€Defendant€gave€no€indication€of€not€understanding€what€he€wasÐ )k$( Ðdoing.€€The€trial€court€accredited€this€testimony.€€Although€the€trial€court€made€no€specific€findingÐ *T%) Ðwith€respect€to€James€Ivoryððs€allegations€that€his€lawyer€was€deficient€in€failing€to€reserve€a€certifiedÐ í*=&* Ðquestion€of€law€in€conjunction€with€one€of€his€pleas,€Mr.€Shaw€testified€that€James€Ivory€did€notÐ Ö+&'+ Ðwant€to€reserve€the€question€of€law.€€While€Mr.€Shaw€testified€that,€in€retrospect,€he€should€haveÐ ° Ðreserved€the€question,€this€Court€does€not€second„guess€strategic€decisions€with€the€benefit€ofÐ ™é Ðhindsight.€€James€Ivoryððs€instruction€to€Mr.€Shaw€regarding€the€certified€question€was€consistentÐ ‚Ò Ðwith€his€instruction€to€not€file€a€motion€for€new€trial;€€he€apparently€wanted€finality€with€respect€toÐ k» Ðhis€convictions.€€The€Defendant€has€failed€to€establish€by€clear€and€convincing€proof€that€Mr.€ShawÐ T¤ Ðwas€deficient€in€failing€to€preserve€a€certified€question€of€law,€and€he€is€therefore€entitled€to€no€reliefÐ =  Ðon€this€ground.€€Ð & v ÐÌò òÓ  ÓCONCLUSIONÐ ø H Ðó óÓmÓà  àNeither€Defendant€has€established€by€clear€and€convincing€evidence€that€he€suffered€fromÐ â 2  Ðthe€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel€at€any€relevant€stage€of€the€proceedings€below.€€Accordingly,Ð Ë   Ðwe€affirm€the€judgments€of€the€trial€court€denying€relief€to€both€Defendants.ò òÐ ´  ÐÌà  àó óà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð ‡×  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àDAVID€H.€WELLES,€JUDGE