ÿWPC Àl<线†¹5o»,­ZHí×ÖN'$x+(—ô= ž²3ºsÄ©¯ VÜ,ßCeiÈ}@:.Ô{¦ë”ñ½fš;à˜^ãÈ­ûyÍ>DŸt¦I¡¯Ó¶@À¾CùT¦y-ü  áÂL™—–šnÈWDNñ ±EÏE½˜¥3^ÝŒ¾·õt·Nz.Äü›Y›;¤T…ö¤„4ªU•PuÝí*â&O|J‹R ß¼è:Ù÷´H½)³lŽä®?QwÝ Õ•iÇJ]ë¯y~ÖÊÍYÆ—Å3ów—ÐÔÂáŽyyšp–ÙBÖJ3‚Ò!À!nÆAÇÌQn˜Ç—àª"k‘ÙZÝø38TýPøø)à43{SL¹cyøÏ$\AÄ¢Çß·g$r«I;‡žÆi°¤€Þ€1ˆ|ñÅ H…cìã2÷ýøªÆKŠoœ]´‰‰1à1ÇØ7Ï A#õ8wßš&‘{>‹ ¥U Y–ƒ–¤êQ»•¬ÈÉNp4”mì'Ä·bFüf‹T„ÃæO6lõDO}´âŒµf‰gI¦kuƒã§ìúÄ´¼ÒïXÁ§—yÖ4Œ¬dgKÁ^­h„š·ÆW¯—.-Ï~^™sîÀ¯eWyúX"Êò*~kUÓ‰¹¶Å»ß)# >UNI %— 0(w@Å4(U:08j 0”¢ 0D6U:z™´ñM U:> UNx 0DÆ U. 88 )pU:™™™™™™™™™ AQÓÆ$ 0Dê B. 0DKK D/ B¾ D3Û˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLhÎ(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡ š›œDžŸ D¡D¢Ó€®n~<$3|x®,ó‚ AZ"Arial Regular .Ý ƒ ´¤$ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÓ  Óà ` àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ‡ X¼oXXXÔThe€trial€testimony€established€that€James€McKinney€and€ð ðDarrell€McKinneyðð€areÐ ° Ðone€and€the€same€person.Ô#†X „XX X¼ok#Ô(D(2´¤$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÓ  Óà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó,ó‚ AZ"Arial Regular Ý ƒ ´¤$ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÓ  Óà ` àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ‡ XÌdXXXÔWe€note€the€defendant€wished€to€support€his€claim€of€self„defense€throughÐ ° ÐMcKinneyððs€testimony.€However,€two€other€passengers,€Michael€Dean€and€Kevin€Price,Ïfriends€of€the€defendant,€testified€at€trial.€Ô#†X|XX XÌdk#Ô çÝ ƒ ´¤$ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÓ  Óà ` àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ‡ XÌdXXXÔA€review€of€the€record€establishes€the€defendant€forcibly€argued€to€the€jury€theÐ ° Ðamount€of€alcohol€and€cocaine€consumed€by€the€defendant€on€the€date€of€the€offense.ÏEmphasis€was€placed€on€how€such€ingestion€could€negate€the€defendantððs€mens€rea€forÏthe€offense€of€several€criminal€homicides.Ô#†X|XX XÌdk#Ô,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman Regular(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý%ä2¼A`ArialTT .Ý ƒ ´¤$ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÓ  Óà ` àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ‡ XÌdXXXÔThe€trial€testimony€established€that€James€McKinney€and€ð ðDarrell€McKinneyðð€areÐ ° Ðone€and€the€same€person.Ô#†X|XX XÌdk#Ô Ý ƒ!¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€X1XXXÔÔ€niXX1ÔÓ  ÓÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€X1XniÔÐ  ÐÌò òNovember€25,€1998Ð šš ÐÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€ôaôXX1ÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular !#%Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý d($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó'''÷ÿ dxdüÿP Pd""""'ÿÿdxdÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýñ¢ñ›ñ¢ñÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ XŒoXXXÔÓ  Óñ®ññ¢ñßr€(<,(j 8` `€€@E ±` ttx$X°ð Õrßñ¢ññ®ññ®ññ®ññ®ññ¢ñ›ñ¢ññ®ññ®ñßt€(>.*jx%ÿ¦` `€€@EEV` ttx$}°ð z tß›ñ®ñIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌAT€JACKSONÌÌOCTOBER€1998€SESSIONò òÐ pÀ ÐÌÌÌÓ  Óó óSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à h àà À àà  à)Ð 0 € Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àC.C.A.€No.€02C01„9707„CR„00273Ð  p  Ðà ` àà ¸ àAppellee,à h àà À àà  à)Ð `  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àShelby€CountyÐ P  Ðv.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ð ð@  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àHonorable€W.€Fred€Axley,€JudgeÐ à0  ÐJOE€A.€IVY,à ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ð Ð  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p à(Murder€First€Degree)Ð À Ðà ` àà ¸ àAppellant.à h àà À àà  à)Ð ° ÐÌÌÌÌÌFOR€THE€APPELLANT:ò òà h àà À àà  àà p àó óFOR€THE€APPELLEE:Ð P  ÐÌPaula€Skahanà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àJohn€Knox€WalkupÐ 0€ Ð140€North€Third€Streetà h àà À àà  àà p àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÐ  p ÐMemphis,€TN€€38103à h àà À àà  àà p à425€Fifth€Avenue,€NorthÐ ` Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àDouglas€D.€HimesÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p à425€Fifth€Avenue,€NorthÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àWilliam€L.€GibbonsÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p à201€Poplar€Avenue,€Suite€301Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àMemphis,€TN€€38103ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àJohnny€McFarlandÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p à201€Poplar€Avenue,€Suite€301Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àMemphis,€TN€€38103ÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€__________________________________ÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌL.€T.€LAFFERTY,€SENIOR€JUDGEÌÌò ò€€€€€€Ð  09€48 ÐÔ‡ ¼rè¼X XŒoÔòòÓ  ÓÑ7€<’XXdðXXdð7ÑOPINIONóóÔ#† XŒoX¼ ¼rèX#ÔÐ ° ÐÓzÓÌÌÓ  ÓÌó óÓÓà ` àThe€appellant,€Joe€A.€Ivy,€referred€herein€as€the€defendant,€appeals€as€of€right€fromÐ –æ Ða€judgment€of€the€Shelby€County€Criminal€Court€as€a€result€of€a€jury€finding€him€guilty€ofÏmurder€first€degree.€In€accordance€with€the€juryððs€verdict,€the€trial€court€sentenced€theÏdefendant€to€life€imprisonment€with€the€possibility€of€parole.€The€defendant€presents€sevenÏ(7)€issues€for€appellate€review:ÌÓÓÌÓ'X„Xä h–X°œX'Óà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à1.à8ä ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àWhether€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€ordered€theÐ æ6 Ðdefendant€to€provide€the€State€with€his€attorney€workÏproduct€as€prepared€by€his€neuropharmacology€expert.€Ð ä ¤ä ¤ ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à2.à8ä ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àWhether€the€trial€court€erred€by€refusing€to€allow€theÐ ¦ö Ðdefendant€to€call€the€co„defendant€as€a€witness€inÏdefendantððs€case„in„chief.Ð ä ¤ä ¤ ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à3.à8ä ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àWhether€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€ruled€as€irrelevantÐ f¶ Ðthe€testimony€of€the€defendantððs€proffered€expertÏwitness.Ð ä ¤ä ¤ ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à4.à8ä ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àWhether€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€refused€to€allowÐ &v Ðthe€defendantððs€lay€witness€to€testify€in€the€form€of€anÏopinion.Ð ä ¤ä ¤ ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à5.à8ä ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àWhether€the€verdict€is€contrary€to€the€law€and€theÐ æ!6 Ðevidence€presented€at€trial.Ð ä ¤ä ¤ ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à6.à8ä ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àWhether€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€refused€to€give€theÐ ¶$ " Ðdefendantððs€requested€jury€instruction€concerning€aÏcocaine„induced€mental€condition.Ð ä ¤ä ¤ ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à7.à8ä ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àWhether€the€trial€court€erred€as€a€matter€of€law€when€itÐ v(Æ#& Ðrefused€to€give€the€defendantððs€requested€juryÏinstruction€concerning€premeditation,€deliberation,€andÏspecific€intent.Ð ä ¤ä ¤ ÐÓÞÓÌà ` àAfter€a€review€of€the€evidence€in€this€record,€both€partiesðð€briefs,€and€the€applicableÏlaw,€we€affirm€the€trial€courtððs€judgment.ÌÌÓ  Óò òFACTUAL€BACKGROUNDÐ ¶3/2 ÐÌó óÓ  Óà ` àIn€April,€1996,€the€Shelby€County€grand€jury€returned€an€indictment€against€theÐ v7Æ26 Ðdefendant€for€murder€first€degree.€€Since€there€is€an€allegation€of€insufficiency€of€evidenceÐ V9¦48 Ðto€support€the€conviction€of€murder€first€degree,€a€review€of€the€evidence€in€this€record€isÏnecessary.€ÌÌà ` àOn€the€night€of€October€9,€1995,€the€defendant€shot€Calvin€Hill€twice€with€a€shotgun,Ïthe€second€shot€after€Hill€had€fallen€to€the€ground.€Dr.€O.€C.€Smith,€forensic€pathologist€andÏmedical€examiner€for€Shelby€County,€testified€he€conducted€an€autopsy€on€October€13,Ï1995€on€Calvin€Hill€and€determined€Hill€had€died€from€multiple€gunshot€wounds.€€Dr.€SmithÏfound€three€gunshot€wounds,€one€to€the€left€side€of€the€head,€one€to€the€left€chin,€and€oneÏto€the€left€chest.€€The€wound€to€the€left€chin€could€be€consistent€with€the€victim€lying€on€hisÏback.€€Dr.€Smith€testified€he€did€not€find€any€evidence€of€cocaine€in€the€victimððs€body,€butÏagreed€that€the€victim€could€have€ingested€cocaine€on€the€night€of€October€9,€1995.€€Dr.ÏSmith,€in€his€autopsy,€found€a€prior€shotgun€wound€to€the€victimððs€chest.€€Dr.€SmithÏdetermined€that€the€shotgun€blasts€occurred€more€than€three€feet€from€the€victim.ÌÌà ` àMichael€Dean€testified€he€was€at€the€defendantððs€home€on€October€9,€1995.€€Dean,Ïthe€defendant,€Kevin€Price,€and€a€man€known€to€Dean€as€ñ”ñœñ”ñð ðDarrellððñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€were€cooking€out,Ïdrinking,€and€smoking€some€ð ðweed.ðð€€Dean€testified€he,€the€defendant,€Price,€and€DarrellÏleft€in€Deanððs€motherððs€car€for€the€Minit€Stop€on€Getwell€Road.€€Across€the€street€from€theÏMinit€Stop€was€Chuckððs€Barbecue.€€The€defendant€told€Dean,€ð ðPull€in€here€so€I€can€talk€toÏthis€guy.ðð€€Dean€pulled€into€an€alley€between€Chuckððs€and€a€bookstore.€The€defendantÏyelled€out€the€window,€ð ðCome€over€here€and€let€me€„„€let€me€holler€at€you.ðð€€As€the€manÏapproached€the€car,€Dean€testified€the€defendant€got€out€of€the€car€and€shot€the€man€twiceÏwith€a€shotgun.€€The€man€was€on€the€ground€when€the€defendant€shot€him€the€secondÏtime.€€The€defendant€got€back€in€the€car€and€told€Dean,€ð ðTake€me€to€my€motherððs€house.ðð€ÏDean€did€so€and€the€defendant€talked€to€his€mother€for€five€minutes.€€Then,€the€defendantÏhad€Dean€take€ñ”ñœñ”ñhimñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€to€Forrest€City,€Arkansas.€€Dean€testified€he€left€the€defendant€andÏDarrell€at€a€house€off€a€dirt€road.€€Dean€did€not€see€the€defendant€take€the€shotgun€withÏhim.€Dean€testified€the€defendant€shot€the€victim€because€ð ðhe€thought€he€would€kill€himÏfirst.€€Moose€ñ”ñœñ”ñ[the€defendant]€justñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€said€that€he€had€been€threatened€by€him€before€and€thatÐ 09€48 Ðif€he€didnððt€kill€him€first,€the€Calvin€guy€would€kill€him.ðð€ÌÌà ` àKevin€Price€testified€he€attended€a€cookout€at€the€defendantððs€house€on€October€9,Ï1995.€€Price€was€drinking€vodka€and€others€at€the€house€were€using€cocaine.€€PriceÏtestified€he€did€not€know€how€much€the€defendant€drank€that€day,€but€he€believed€theÏdefendant€used€some€powder€cocaine.€€Price€testified€he€ñ”ñœñ”ñaccompaniedñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€Michael€Dean,€theÏdefendant,€and€Darrell€McKinney€to€the€store.€€Dean€drove,€the€defendant€was€in€the€frontÏpassenger€seat,€and€Price€and€McKinney€were€in€the€backseat.€€When€they€arrived€atÏChuckððs€Barbecue,€the€defendant€called€Hill€to€the€car.€€The€defendant€got€out€and€PriceÏheard€two€gunshots.€€Price€saw€the€defendant€get€back€in€the€car€with€a€gun.€€As€DeanÏdrove€off,€Price€looked€back€and€saw€Hill€on€the€ground.€€Price€testified€he€had€known€theÏdefendant€for€ten€years,€and€for€the€last€four€years€they€drank€and€did€a€variety€of€drugsÏtogether.€€ÌÌà ` àSpencer€Briggs,€a€patrolman€with€the€Memphis€Police€Department,€testified€he€andÏhis€partner€were€patrolling€the€parking€lot€behind€Chuckððs€Barbecue€and€TammyððsÏñ”ñœñ”ñBookstoreñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€because€of€recent€car€thefts€and€burglaries.€€While€pulling€into€the€alley€betweenÏthe€buildings,€Officer€Briggs€observed€a€male€standing€beside€a€van,€which€was€owned€byÏan€employee€of€Chuckððs€Barbecue.€Officer€Briggs€and€his€partner€circled€the€parking€lotÏand€pulled€into€another€parking€lot€to€monitor€the€van.€€Officer€Briggs€heard€two€shotgunÏshells€fire.€€Both€officers€immediately€went€to€the€scene€where€they€found€Calvin€Hill€lyingÏon€his€left€side€with€a€gunshot€wound€to€the€head.€€Officer€Briggs€identified€Hill€as€the€maleÏhe€saw€by€the€van.€€Officer€Briggs€did€not€see€the€shooter.€ÌÌà ` àMark€Bennett€testified€he€and€his€father€live€eight€miles€south€of€Forrest€City,ÏArkansas€on€a€rock€road.€On€the€night€of€October€9,€1995,€Bennett€testified€he€heardÏsomeone€knocking€at€his€window.€Bennett€looked€out€and€saw€the€defendant€and€DarrellÏMcKinney.€€Bennett€went€out€on€the€porch€and€McKinney€said€ð ðthey€was€in€trouble,€wantedÏmy€help€.€.€.€and€Moose€[the€defendant]€said€he€shot€somebody.ðð€€The€defendant€wantedÐ 09€48 Ðsome€blankets€and€food€to€enable€him€to€hide€out.€€While€going€to€Bennettððs€truck€to€getÏthe€blankets,€the€defendant€said€he€ð ðshot€somebody,€he€fell€down€and€he€shot€him€again.ðð€ÏThe€next€morning€Bennett€told€his€father€what€had€happened€and€his€father€called€theÏsheriff.€€Bennett€described€the€defendant€as€being€scared€that€night.ÌÌà ` àIn€behalf€of€the€defendant,€Ms.€Ashley€Jones€testified€she€was€living€with€theÏdefendant,€Darrell€McKinney,€and€Summer€Dare€on€Vanuys€Street.€€Ms.€Jones€testified€theÏdefendant€consumed€either€a€fifth€of€vodka€or€whiskey€and€a€gram€of€cocaine€every€day.€ÏMs.€Jones€knew€Calvin€Hill€and€described€two€occasions€when€the€defendant€and€Hill€hadÏexperienced€problems.€€On€the€first€occasion,€Ms.€Jones€testified€that€Hill€and€another€manÏcame€to€the€defendantððs€home€to€buy€some€cocaine.€€The€defendant€gave€Hill€the€cocaineÏand€Hill€left,€but€later€returned€stating€ð ðit€wasnððt€no€good.ðð€€Jones€described€Hill€as€beingÏvery€angry.€€Jones€told€the€defendant€what€had€occurred.ÌÌà ` àOn€the€second€occasion,€Ms.€Jones€testified€that€Summer€Dare€beeped€her€and€theÏdefendant€to€come€home.€€When€they€arrived€at€the€house,€Calvin€Hill€was€there.€€TheÏdefendant€and€Hill€got€into€an€argument€and€the€defendant€pushed€Hill€outside,€where€HillÏgrabbed€a€metal€rake€and€struck€the€defendant€four€or€five€times.€€The€defendant€ran€intoÏthe€house,€got€a€knife,€and€returned.€€Then,€the€defendant€picked€up€some€hedge€clippersÏand€threw€them€at€Hill€who€was€running€down€the€street.€€Ms.€Jones€testified,€after€thisÏepisode,€the€defendant€sat€in€the€house€doing€drugs€and€drinking.ÌÌà ` àLisa€Preslar€testified€she€was€living€with€her€father€on€New€Willow€Road€in€1994.€ÏMs.€Preslar€recalled€an€occasion€when€Calvin€Hill€came€to€their€home€and€got€out€of€theÏcar€with€a€stick€in€his€hand.€€Hill€wanted€her€father.€Ms.€Preslar€testified€Hill€told€her€fatherÏthat€he€(Hill)€wanted€his€money€and€ñ”ñœñ”ñð ðifñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€nobody€was€there€by€12:30€with€the€money,€he€ñ”ñœñ”ñwasñ”ñ›ñ”ñÏñ”ñœñ”ñcomingñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€back€and€ñ”ñœñ”ñshootingñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€up€ñ”ñœñ”ñin€theñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€house€and€ñ”ñœñ”ñdidnððtñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€care€who€ñ”ñœñ”ñheñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€ñ”ñœñ”ñhit.ððñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€€Ms.€PreslarÏtestified€she€left€immediately,€went€to€the€defendantððs€home,€and€told€the€defendant€whatÏhad€happened.Ð 09€48 Їà ` àLisa€Blakely€testified€she€and€the€defendant€dated€four€to€five€years€and€had€oneÏchild.€€Prior€to€October,€1995,€Ms.€Blakely€lived€with€her€father,€but€saw€the€defendantÏalmost€every€day.€€ñ”ñœñ”ñTheñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€defendant€usually€came€to€her€house€about€10:00€p.m.€and€wasÏusually€drunk.€€Also,€the€defendantððs€cocaine€usage€had€increased.€€Ms.€Blakely€testified,Ïjust€before€October€9,€1995,€the€defendant€seemed€upset,€withdrawn,€and€expressed€hisÏconcern€that€the€man€he€was€having€problems€with€had€followed€ñ”ñœñ”ñhimñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€to€her€home.€ÌÌà ` àJohn€Carl€Scheeper,€an€attorney€and€Vietnam€veteran,€testified€he€had€representedÏthe€defendant€in€other€legal€matters.€€Prior€to€October€9,€1995,€Mr.€Scheeper€testified€heÏand€the€defendant€met€to€discuss€his€other€legal€cases€and€the€defendant€told€him,€ð ðJack,ÏIððm€having€a€problem.ðð€Mr.€Scheeper€described€the€defendant€as€being€scared€and€havingÏfear€in€his€eyes.€€Mr.€Scheeper€quoted€the€defendant,€ð ðHeððs€been€following€me€around€allÏthe€time.€€Heððs€bugging€me.€€I€donððt€know€what€to€do€about€it,€Jack.ððÌÌà ` àMs.€Adriane€Goodwin€testified€she,€the€defendant,€Ashley€Jones,€and€Summer€DareÏlived€at€the€Vanuys€Street€address€on€October€9,€1995.€€Ms.€Goodwin€testified€a€cookoutÏbegan€about€12:30€p.m.€and€seven€to€eight€people€attended,€including€the€defendant.€€ñ”ñœñ”ñAñ”ñ›ñ”ñÏnumber€of€fifths€of€vodka€was€ñ”ñœñ”ñconsumed€between€12:30€p.m.€and€8:30€p.m.ñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€€Around€4:00Ïp.m.,€Ms.€Goodwin,€the€defendant,€Kevin€Price,€and€Summer€Dare€shared€a€gram€ofÏcocaine.€€Ms.€Goodwin€recalled€the€defendant,€Michael€Dean,€Kevin€Price,€and€DarrellÏMcKinney€leaving€that€evening€and€did€not€see€them€again.ÌÌà ` àMs.€Summer€Dare€testified€she,€the€defendant,€Ashley€Jones,€and€Darrell€McKinneyÏshared€the€house€at€the€Vanuys€address€in€October,€1995.€€Ms.€Dare€described€theÏdefendant€as€a€heavy€drinker,€and€he€used€cocaine€every€day€if€he€had€it.€€Ms.€DareÏtestified€that€Calvin€Hill€appeared€at€the€house€one€evening€looking€for€the€defendant.€€HillÏbarged€in€the€house€and€asked€her€to€call€the€defendant.€€Soon€thereafter,€the€defendantÏand€Ashley€Jones€arrived€at€the€house.€€Ms.€Dare€testified€the€defendant€and€Hill€got€intoÏa€fight€outside€where€Hill€beat€the€defendant€with€a€rake.€€œñ•ñMs.›€Dare›€testified›€tñ•ññ–ñTñ–ñwo›€nights€œlaterñ—ñ,ñ—ñ›€Calvin€Hill€ñ”ñœñ”ñagainÐ 09€48 Ðcameñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€to€her€house€with€two€carloads€of€ñ”ñœñ”ñpeople.€€Dare€calledñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€ñ”ñœñ”ñ911€for€assistance.ñ”ñ›ñ”ñÌÌà ` àMs.€Dare€testified€she€was€ill€on€October€9,€1995€and€spent€most€of€the€day€in€bed.€ÏMs.€Dare€was€aware€of€the€cookout€and€that€a€significant€amount€of€liquor€and€beer€hadÏbeen€consumed.€€ñ”ñœñ”ñSheñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€arose€around€4:00€p.m.€and€shared€some€food€with€the€defendant.€ÏMs.€Dare€ñ”ñœñ”ñtestifiedñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€the€defendant€and€others€were€ð ðrowdy€.€.€.€pretty€loaded€up€on€alcoholÏand€drugs,€too,€Iððm€sure,€made€them€hyper.ðð€€When€the€police€arrived€ñ”ñœñ”ñlater€thatñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€night,€Ms.ÏDare€observed€cocaine€residue€on€the€mirrors€in€the€bedroom.ÌÌà ` àJonathan€Joseph€Lipman,€neuropharmacologist€expert,€testified€he€interviewed€theÏdefendant€in€November,€1996€to€determine€the€effects€of€drugs€on€the€defendantððs€brainÏat€the€time€of€the€offense.€€From€the€interview,€Dr.€Lipman€determined€the€defendant€beganÏusing€marijuana€at€age€8€or€9,€drinking€liquor€to€intoxication€at€age€14,€and€abusing€LSD€Ïat€age€16.€€Later€in€life,€the€defendant€abused€other€drugs,€methamphetamine€and€Ïcocaine.€€At€the€time€of€the€offense,€the€defendant€was€drinking€all€the€time€and€using€aÏgram€of€cocaine€a€day.€Dr.€Lipman€testified,€in€his€opinion,€the€defendant€was€notÏpsychotic,€but€the€defendant€was€fearful€and€preoccupied€with€œñ˜ñtñ˜ñhis›€fears.€Dr.€LipmanÏtestified€the€defendant€had€a€genuine€reason€to€fear€the€victim€who€was€in€fact€making€theÏdefendantððs€environment€fearful.€€The€use€of€cocaine€increased€this€fear.€ÌÌà ` àDr.€Lipman€testified€that€before€the€shooting€the€defendant€had€obtained€a€shotgunÏwhich€he€hid€in€the€house.€€If€the€defendant€had€to€leave€the€house€in€a€car,€the€defendantÏtook€the€shotgun€with€him.€At€the€time€of€the€offense,€Dr.€Lipman€calculated€theÏdefendantððs€blood„alcohol€content€at€.25€percent.€€Dr.€Lipman€testified€the€defendantÏremembered€being€out€of€the€car€and€Hill€walking€toward€him.€€The€defendant€sensedÏincreasing€threat€as€Hill€approached,€and€the€defendant€was€convinced€that€his€life€had€runÏout.€€Before€the€defendant€realized€it,€Hill€was€dead.€€Dr.€Lipman€testified€that€theÏdefendantððs€judgment€was€seriously€impaired€at€the€time€of€the€offense.€ÌÐ 09€48 Ðà ` àThe€defendant€elected€not€to€testify€in€his€own€behalf.ÌÌÓ  Óò òAPPELLATE€ISSUESÐ pÀ ÐÌA.€€Attorney€Work€ProductÌÌó óÓ  Óà ` àThe€defendant€contends€the€trial€court€erred€in€ordering€the€defendant€to€provide€ñ”ñœñ”ñanñ”ñ›ñ”ñÐ ð@  Ðattorney€work€product€prepared€by€Dr.€Jonathan€J.€Lipman€one€week€prior€to€ñ”ñœñ”ñtrial€for€theÏbenefit€of€the€State.ñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€€The€State€counters€the€trial€court€was€not€in€error,€in€that€Dr.€LipmanððsÏð ðconfidentialðð€letter€was€discoverable€pursuant€to€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€16(b)(1)(B).€ÌÌà ` àThe€defendant€contends,€in€his€brief,€€the€trial€court€ordered€ñ”ñœñ”ñDr.€Lipmanððsñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€ñ”ñœñ”ñreport€toñ”ñ›ñ”ñÏbe€given€to€the€State€under€the€authority€of€òòState€v.€Nichols,€óó877€S.W.2d€722€(Tenn.€1994).Ð 0€ ÐIf€there€was€a€formal€hearing€on€the€merits€of€this€issue,€a€record€of€the€hearing€was€notÏsubmitted€to€this€court,€other€than€an€exhibit€ð ðAðð€marked€for€appellate€review.€€When€anÏaccused€seeks€appellate€review€of€an€issue€in€this€court,€it€is€the€duty€of€the€accused€toÏprepare€a€record€which€conveys€a€fair,€accurate,€and€complete€account€of€what€transpiredÏwith€respect€to€the€issue€which€forms€the€basis€of€the€appeal.€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€24(b);€òòStateÐ $à" Ðv.€Bennett,€óó798€S.W.2d€783€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990),€òòcert.€denied,€óó500€U.S.€915,€111€S.Ct.Ð p&À!$ Ð209,€114€L.Ed.2d€98€(1991);€òòState€v.€Roberts,€óó755€S.W.€833,€836€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòper.Ð P( #& Ðapp.€deniedóó€(Tenn.€1988).€€However,€the€motion€for€a€new€trial€œraiseñ™ñdñ™ññ™ñsñ™ñ›€this€issue€and€weÐ 0*€%( Ðelect€to€consider€the€merits€of€this€issue.€ÌÌà ` àTennessee€Rule€of€Criminal€Procedure€16(b)(1)(B)€provides€that:ÌÓÓà8 ` àÐ ` (#` (# Ðà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àReports€of€Examinations€and€Tests.€If€the€defendant€requestsÏdisclosure€under€subdivision€(a)(1)(C)€or€(D)€of€this€rule,€uponÏcompliance€with€such€request€by€the€State,€the€defendant,€onÏrequest€of€the€ñ”ñœñ”ñState,ñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€shall€permit€the€State€to€inspect€and€copyÏor€photograph€any€results€or€reports€of€physical€or€mentalÏexaminations€and€of€scientific€tests€or€experiments€made€inÏconnection€with€the€particular€case,€or€copies€thereof,€withinÏthe€possession€or€control€of€the€defendant€which€the€defenseÏintends€to€introduce€as€evidence€in€chief€at€the€trial€or€whichÐ  :p59 Ðwere€prepared€by€a€witness€whom€the€defendant€intends€toÏcall€at€the€trial€when€the€results€or€reports€relate€to€theÏwitnessððs€testimony.€Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÓ¤NÓÌà ` àTennessee€Rule€of€Criminal€Procedure€16(b)(2)€provides:ÌÓÓÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à(2)€Information€not€Subject€to€Disclosure.€Except€as€toÏscientific€and€medical€reports,€this€subdivision€does€notÏauthorize€the€discovery€or€inspection€of€reports,€memoranda,Ïor€other€internal€defense€documents€made€by€the€defendant,Ïor€the€defendantððs€attorneys€or€agents€in€connection€with€theÏinvestigation€or€defense€of€the€case,€or€of€statements€made€byÏthe€defendant,€or€by€State€or€defense€witnesses,€or€byÏprospective€State€or€defense€witnesses,€to€the€defendant,€theÏdefendantððs€agents€or€attorneys.€Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÓQRÓÌÌà ` àThe€defendant€argues€Dr.€Lipmanððs€letter€of€November€9,€1996€differs€in€twoÏaspects€from€the€holding€in€ñ”ñœñ”ñòòNichols,ñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€óó877€S.W.2d€at€729„30.€€He€contends€one€differenceÐ @ Ðis€that€Dr.€Lipmanððs€information€was€ð ðpreliminary€observations€and€conclusionsðð€untilÏadditional€information€was€available.€The€second€difference€is€the€defendantððs€statementsÏto€Dr.€Lipman€were€privileged€communications€within€the€scope€of€ñ”ñœñ”ñTennessee€Rule€ofÏCriminal€Procedure€16(b)(2).ñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€€In€òòNichols,€óóour€Supreme€Court€concluded€that€when€aÐ À! Ðpsychologist€or€psychiatrist€does€not€prepare€a€summary€report,€but€instead€relies€onÏextensive€memoranda€to€record€not€only€observations€and€ñ”ñœñ”ñhypothesesñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€but€alsoÏevaluations,€such€records€are€discoverable€under€Rule€16(b)(1)(B).€€ð ðTo€allow€theÏdefendant€to€evade€the€reciprocal€discovery€rule€[by€making€no€formal€report€and€claimingÏthat€mere€ñ”ñœñ”ñððnotesððñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€are€undiscoverable]€would€effectively€nullify€the€meaning€of€RuleÏñ”ñœñ”ñ16(b)(1)(B).€.€.€.ððñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€ñ”ñœñ”ñòò€Stateñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€v.€Bell,€óó690€S.W.2d€879,€883€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòper.€app.€ñ”ñœñ”ñdeniedóóñ”ñ›ñ”ñÐ -P(+ Ð(Tenn.€1985).€ÌÌà ` àFrom€a€review€of€Dr.€Lipmanððs€testimony€and€Dr.€Lipmanððs€letter€of€November€9,Ï1996,€we€conclude€that€the€expertððs€testimony€tracks€substantially€the€letter€of€NovemberÏ9,€1996.€€The€record€establishes€that€the€trial€court€granted€the€defendantððs€specific€requestÏthat€Dr.€Lipman€be€hired€for€an€evaluation€as€to€the€effect€of€drug€abuse€on€the€brain€andÏtestify€in€support€of€his€conclusions.€In€his€testimony,€Dr.€Lipman€admitted€he€had€notÐ  :p59 Ðfinalized€a€report€and€in€essence€adopted€his€eight„page€letter€as€a€report.€€Under€theseÏfacts,€we€find€the€trial€court€did€not€commit€error€in€ordering€Dr.€Lipmanððs€letter€to€be€givenÏto€the€ñ”ñœñ”ñState.ñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€€There€is€no€merit€to€this€issue.ÌÌÓ  Óò òB.€€Failure€of€Trial€Court€to€Permit€Co„Defendant€to€TestifyÐ 0 € ÐÌó óÓ  Óà ` àThe€defendant€contends€the€trial€court€was€in€error€by€not€allowing€a€co„defendant,Ð ð@  ÐDarrell€McKinney,€to€testify€as€to€the€validity€of€the€defendantððs€claim€of€self„defense.€€TheÏñ”ñœñ”ñStateñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€argues€the€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€in€honoring€the€co„defendantððs€claimÏof€self„incrimination.€ÌÌà ` àThe€indictment€in€this€cause€ñ”ñœñ”ñallegedñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€that€Joe€Ivy€and€James€ñ”ñœñ”ñMcKinneyñ”ñ׃×ñ”ññ”ñ׃ ×ñ”ñÝ ƒ %ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×ñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€murderedÐ P  ÐCalvin€Hill€on€October€9,€ñ”ñœñ”ñ1995.ñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€ñ”ñœñ”ñ€Theñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€defendant€contends€the€defense€questioning€wouldÏnot€have€incriminated€McKinney,€thus€his€invoking€of€the€privilege€was€neither€within€theÏmeaning€nor€purpose€of€the€Fifth€Amendment.€ÌÌà ` àThe€co„defendant,€James€McKinney,€was€awaiting€trial€for€the€murder€of€Calvin€HillÏand€was€represented€by€counsel.€In€a€jury„out€hearing€on€the€relevance€of€McKinneyÏtestifying,€McKinney€invoked€his€Fifth€Amendment€privilege€upon€advice€of€counsel.€€TheÏdefendant€failed€to€convince€the€trial€court€that€McKinneyððs€testimony€was€relevant€to€theÏissue€on€trial€and€refused€the€defendant€the€right€to€call€this€witness.€ÌÌà ` àIn€òòState€v.€Dicks,€óó615€S.W.2d€126,€129€(Tenn.€1981),€our€ñ”ñœñ”ñSupremeñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€ñ”ñœñ”ñCourtñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€concludedÐ ð-@), Ðð ðwhere€there€is€a€conflict€between€the€basic€right€of€a€defendant€to€compulsory€process€andÏthe€witnessððs€right€against€self„incrimination,€as€in€this€case,€the€right€against€self„¼incrimination€is€the€stronger€and€paramount€rightðð€(quoting€òòFrazier€v.€State,€óó566€S.W.2dÐ 3à.2 Ð545,€551€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978);€òòUnited€States€v.€Johnson,€óó488€F.2d€1206€(1st€Cir.Ð p5À04 Ð1973)).€€It€is€the€duty€of€the€trial€court€to€determine€whether€a€witness€has€properly€invokedÏhis€or€her€Fifth€Amendment€right€against€self„incrimination.€€We€will€not€disturb€suchÏdetermination€unless€a€plain€abuse€of€that€authority€constitutes€grounds€for€reversal.€òòStateÐ pÀ Ðv.€Zirkle,€óó910€S.W.2d€874,€890€(Tenn.€Crim.€œAppñšñ.ñšññ›ñ)ñ›ññšñ)ñšñ,›€òòper.€app.€denied€óó(Tenn.€1995).€€TheÐ P   Ðrecord€clearly€establishes€that€the€co„defendant,€after€counseling€with€his€attorney,€electedÏto€invoke€his€privilege€against€self„incrimination.€€Since€McKinney€had€not€been€tried€forÏthis€offense,€his€exposure€was€great.׃×Ý ƒ %ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€We€find€the€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretionÐ ð@  Ðin€permitting€James€McKinney€to€invoke€his€Fifth€Amendment€ñ”ñœñ”ñrightñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€and€not€testify.€ThereÏis€no€merit€to€this€issue.ÌÌÓ  Óò òC.€€Expert€Testimony€of€Attorney€John€Carl€ScheeperÐ pÀ ÐÌó óÓ  Óà ` àThe€defendant€contends€the€trial€court€erred€in€not€permitting€John€Carl€ScheeperÐ 0€ Ðto€testify€on€the€subject€of€fear€as€an€expert€pursuant€to€Tennessee€ñ”ñœñ”ñRuleñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€of€Evidence€702.ÏThe€ñ”ñœñ”ñStateñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€argues€the€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€in€denying€such€expertÏtestimony.€ÌÌà ` àIn€a€novel€approach,€the€defendant€alleges€Mr.€ñ”ñœñ”ñScheeperñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€should€have€beenÏpermitted€to€testify€on€the€subject€of€fear.€€Tennessee€Rule€of€Evidence€702€provides:ÌÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àTestimony€by€experts.€If€scientific,€technical,€or€otherÏspecialized€knowledge€will€substantially€assist€the€trier€of€factÏto€understand€the€evidence€or€to€determine€a€fact€in€issue,€aÏwitness€qualified€as€an€expert€by€knowledge,€skill,€experience,Ïtraining,€or€education€may€testify€in€the€form€of€an€opinion€orÏotherwise.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÓïjÓÌÌà ` àThe€defendant€contends€Scheeper€has€a€special€knowledge€of€fear€that€the€averageÏperson€does€not€have.€This€experience€is€based€on€Scheeperððs€serving€in€Vietnam€as€aÏmember€of€the€Third€39th€Battalion€of€the€Ninth€Infantry€Division€in€the€Mekong€Delta,€andÐ p5À04 Ðin€playing€poker.€€The€trial€court€ruled,€ð ðThat€is€so€farfetched,€I€canððt€allow€it.ðð€€Although€theÏtrial€court€did€not€permit€Scheeper€to€testify€as€an€expert,€Scheeper€was€permitted€to€testifyÏas€to€the€fear€he€saw€in€the€defendantððs€eyes€when€discussing€the€problems€the€defendantÏwas€having€with€Calvin€Hill.€€The€qualifications,€admissibility,€relevancy,€and€competencyÏof€expert€testimony€are€matters€entrusted€to€the€sound€discretion€of€the€trial€court.€òò€StateÐ 0 € Ðv.€Ballard,€óó855€S.W.2d€557,€562€(Tenn.€1993).€€We€find€the€trial€court€was€well€within€itsÐ `  Ðdiscretion€in€declining€to€find€Scheeper€an€expert€on€the€subject€of€fear.€€There€is€no€meritÏto€this€issue.ÌÌÓ  Óò òD.€€Defense€Lay€Witnessó ó€ò òOpinionÐ à ÐÌó óÓ  Óà ` àThe€defendant€contends€the€trial€court€erred€by€sustaining€the€ñ”ñœñ”ñStateððsñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€objection€toÐ P  Ðthe€testimony€of€ñ”ñœñ”ñañ”ñ›ñ”ñ€lay€witness,€Lisa€Blakely.€€The€State€argues€the€witness€was€permittedÏto€testify€as€to€her€descriptions€and€opinion€of€the€defendantððs€state€of€mind.ÌÌà ` àTennessee€Rule€of€Evidence€701(a)€provides:ÌÓÓÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àIf€œñœñtheñœñññaññ›€witness€is€not€testifying€as€an€expert,€the€witnessððsÏtestimony€in€the€form€of€opinions€or€inferences€is€limited€toÏthose€opinions€or€inferences€which€are€(1)€rationally€based€onÏthe€perception€of€the€witness€and€(2)€helpful€to€a€clearÏunderstanding€of€the€witnessððs€testimony€or€the€determinationÏof€a€fact€in€issue.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÓorÓÌà ` àBlakelyððs€testimony€was:ÌÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àBY€MS.€SKAHAN:€Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àQ.à8ä ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àYou€were€saying€what€kind€of€conversations€you€wereÐ à.0*- Ðhaving€with€Joe€Ivy.Ð ä ¤ä ¤ ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àA.à8ä ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àYes,€maððam.а1-0ä ¤ä ¤ ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àQ.à8ä ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àCould€you€tell€us€again,€please?Ð3à.2ä ¤ä ¤ ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àA.à8ä ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àI€really€donððt€remember€what€was€said.€I€mean,€IÐ p5À04 Ðremember€him€always€coming€to€me€and€talking€aboutÏhe€didnððt€know€what€he€was€going€to€do€because€of€himÏand€he€was€scared.€I€mean,€there€was€times€he€wouldÏcome€to€my€house€and€was€upset.Ð ä ¤ä ¤ ÐÐ  :p59 Ðà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àMR.€MCFARLAND:€Your€Honor,€may€we€approach?€IððmÏobjecting.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àTHE€COURT:€You€are€objecting€to?Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àMR.€MCFARLAND:€Her€testimony€now€is€not€what€he€said,Ïwhat€he€told€her.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àMS.€SKAHAN:€I€can€phrase€it€so€that€she€can€describe€whatÏshe€observed€about€her,€if€that€would€be€acceptable€with€theÏCourt.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àTHE€COURT:€She€can€do€that.€But€she€is€telling€the€jury€heÏwas€upset,€and€that€is€not€„„€you€canððt€consider€that.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àMS.€SKAHAN:€Okay.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àTHE€COURT:€All€right.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àBY€MS.€SKAHAN:€Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àQ.à8ä ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àWhat€you€can€talk€about€are€your€observations,€whatÐ `° ÐJoe€said€to€you,€but€not€your€conclusions,€okay?Ð ä ¤ä ¤ ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àA.à8ä ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àOkay.Ð0€ä ¤ä ¤ ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àQ.à8ä ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àWhat€made€you€make€that€last€statement?€What€didÐ ` Ðyou€observe€about€Joe?Ð ä ¤ä ¤ ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àA.à8ä ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àI€mean,€I€donððt€know€what€youððre€saying€really.Ðà0ä ¤ä ¤ ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àTHE€COURT:€What€did€you€see€when€you€looked€at€him?Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àA.à8ä ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àWhat€did€I€see€when€I€saw€him?Р#ð!ä ¤ä ¤ ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àQ.à8ä ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àYes,€maððam.Ѐ%Ð #ä ¤ä ¤ ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àA.à8ä ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àI€saw,€I€mean,€him€being€upset.€I€mean,€I€donððt€know.Ð`'°"%ä ¤ä ¤ ÐÌÌÌÓÓà ` àIn€other€portions€of€Blakelyððs€testimony,€she€testified€the€defendant€was€distant,Ïscared,€and€upset.€€At€first€blush,€it€appears€the€trial€court€would€not€permit€the€witness,ÏBlakely,€to€testify€that€the€defendant€was€upset.€€However,€in€a€follow„up€question,€the€trialÏcourt€ñ”ñœñ”ñaskedñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€the€witness€what€she€saw€in€looking€at€the€defendant.€€We€believe€the€trialÏcourt€did€permit€the€witness€to€relate€to€the€jury€her€opinion€that€the€defendant€was€upset.€òòÐ  2ð-1 ÐState€v.€Wingard,€óó891€S.W.2d€628,€636€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€€There€is€no€merit€to€thisÐ €4Ð/3 Ðissue.ÌÌÓ  Óñ”ñœñ”ñò òÐ   :p59 ÐE.ñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€€Sufficiency€of€EvidenceÌÌó óÓ  Óà ` àThe€defendant€argues€the€evidence€presented€to€the€jury€showed€there€wasÐ pÀ Ðsufficient€provocation€on€the€decedentððs€part€to€warrant€the€defendant€acting€in€self„¼defense,€and€the€evidence€is€insufficient€as€a€matter€of€law€to€warrant€a€guilty€verdict€ofÏmurder€first€degree.€€The€ñ”ñœñ”ñStateñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€contends€the€facts€in€the€record€in€this€case€fully€supportÏthe€guilty€verdict€of€murder€first€degree.ÌÌà ` àWhen€reviewing€a€trial€courtððs€judgment,€the€appellate€court€will€not€disturb€a€verdictÏof€guilty€unless€the€facts€in€the€record€and€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€from€it€areÏœñžñinñžñsufficient›€as€a€matter€of€law€for€a€rational€trier€of€fact€to€find€the€defendant€guilty€beyondÏa€reasonable€doubt.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13€(e);òò€State€v.€Tuggle,€óó639€S.W.2d€913€(Tenn.Ð P  Ð1982);€òòState€v.€Brewer,€óó932€S.W.2d€1,€19€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€Ô‡XÌdXX XÌdÔòòper.€app.€deniedóóÔ#† XÌdXXXÌdÝ…#Ô€(Tenn.Ð 0€ Ð1996).€€Initially,€a€defendant€is€cloaked€with€the€presumption€of€innocence.€òò€Tuggle,€óó639Ð ` ÐS.W.2d€at€914.€€However,€a€jury€conviction€removes€the€presumption€of€innocence€andÏreplaces€it€with€one€of€guilt,€so€that€on€appeal€a€convicted€defendant€has€the€burden€ofÏdemonstrating€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient.€òò€Id.€óó€In€determining€the€sufficiency€ofÐ °"  Ðevidence,€this€Court€does€not€reweigh€or€reevaluate€the€evidence.€òò€State€v.€Cabbage,€óó571Ð $à" ÐS.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€On€appeal,€the€State€is€entitled€to€the€strongest€legitimateÏview€of€the€evidence€and€all€legitimate€or€reasonable€inferences€which€may€be€drawnÏtherefrom.€òòState€v.€Harris,€óó839€S.W.2d€54,€75€(Tenn.€1992).€€It€is€the€appellate€courtððs€dutyÐ 0*€%( Ðto€affirm€the€conviction€if€the€evidence€viewed€under€these€standards€was€sufficient€for€anyÏrational€trier€of€fact€to€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€offense€beyond€aÏreasonable€doubt.€òò€Jackson€v.€Virginia,€óó443€U.S.€307,€319òò,€óó99€S.Ct.€2781,€2789,€61Ð Ð/ +. ÐL.Ed.2d€560€(1979);€òòState€v.€Cazes,€óó875€S.W.2d€253,€259€(Tenn.€1994).€€This€rule€isÐ °1-0 Ðapplicable€to€findings€of€guilt€predicated€upon€the€direct€evidence,€circumstantial€evidence,Ïor€a€combination€of€both€direct€and€circumstantial€evidence.€òò€State€v.€Matthews,€óó805Ð p5À04 ÐS.W.2d€776,€779€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòper.€app.€deniedóó€(Tenn.€1990).Ð P7 26 ÐÐ 09€48 Ðà ` àAt€the€time€of€this€offense,€October€9,€1995,€the€State€was€required€to€establish€thatÏmurder€first€degree€œñŸñwañŸññ ñiñ ñs›€ð ða€premeditated€and€intentional€killing€of€another.ðð€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€39„13„202(a)(1).€€Premeditation€ð ðis€an€act€done€after€the€exercise€of€reflection€andÏjudgment.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„202(d).€Although€the€indictment€alleged€theÏadditional€element€of€deliberation,€the€trial€court€properly€charged€the€jury€œñ¡ñwas›€ñ¡ñto›€consider€theÏelements€of€intent€and€premeditation€based€on€the€evidence.€The€defendant€killed€CalvinÏHill€with€two€shots€from€a€shotgun,€one€of€which€while€the€victim€was€on€the€ground.€TheÏdefendant€had€an€ongoing€feud€with€Hill,€even€to€the€extent€of€buying€a€shotgun.€€TheÏdefendant€believed€it€necessary€to€kill€Hill€before€Hill€killed€him.€€On€the€night€of€the€murder,Ïthe€defendant€secreted€the€shotgun€in€Deanððs€car€and€upon€seeing€Hill,€the€defendantÏcalled€him€to€Deanððs€car.€€The€defendant€got€out€of€the€car€with€the€shotgun€and€shot€HillÏonce€in€the€head€and€then€once€in€the€chin€and€chest.€€The€defendant€fled€to€avoidÏprosecution.€The€jury€in€this€case€heard€the€defendantððs€theory€that€he€acted€in€self„¼defense,€which€was€rejected€by€the€jury.€€Thus,€the€jury€resolves€the€weight€and€credibilityÏto€be€given€to€each€witness.€òò€Cabbage,€óó571€S.W.2d€at€835.€€Viewing€this€evidence€in€theÐ ð@ Ðlight€most€favorable€to€the€State,€the€evidence€was€sufficient€for€a€rational€trier€of€fact€toÏconclude€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€the€defendant€intentionally€killed€Hill€afterÏreflection€and€judgment.€€There€is€no€merit€to€this€issue.ÌÌÓ  Óò òF.€€€Failure€to€Give€Jury€Instruction€on€Cocaine„Induced€Mental€ConditionÐ P( #& ÐÌó óÓ  Óà ` àThe€defendant€contends€the€trial€court€erred€in€not€giving€a€requested€jury€instructionÐ ,`'* Ðapproved€in€òòState€v.€Phipps,€óó883€S.W.2d€138,€142€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€The€StateÐ ð-@), Ðargues€the€trial€court€was€correct€in€denying€the€special€jury€instruction€submitted€by€theÏdefendant.€ÌÌà ` àThe€defendant€insists€the€trial€courtððs€instruction€on€intoxication,€while€technicallyÏaccurate€as€including€cocaine€abuse,€did€not€reflect€the€differences€between€theÏdefendantððs€use€of€alcohol€and€cocaine.€€Thus,€the€trial€court€should€have€instructed€theÐ 09€48 Ðjury€as€to€the€separate€issues€which€impaired€the€defendantððs€capacity€to€form€intent,Ïpremeditation,€and€deliberation.€ÌÌà ` àA€defendant€has€a€constitutional€right€to€a€correct€and€complete€charge€of€the€law.€òòÐ P   ÐState€v.€Teel,€óó793€S.W.2d€236,€249€(Tenn.€1990);€òòPhipps,€óó883€S.W.2d€at€142.€€A€trial€judgeÐ 0 € Ðshould€properly€instruct€the€jury€on€the€law€governing€issues€raised€by€the€evidenceÏintroduced€at€trial.€òò€State€v.€McAfee,€óó737€S.W.2d€304,€308€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).€€WhenÐ ð@  Ðthe€trial€judge€gives€instructions€that€correctly,€fully,€and€fairly€set€forth€the€applicable€law,Ïit€is€not€error€to€refuse€to€give€a€special€requested€instruction.€òòState€v.€Bohanan,€óó745Ð ° ÐS.W.2d€892,€897€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987),€òòper.€app.€denied€óó(Tenn.€1988).€€We€must€reviewÐ à Ðthe€entire€charge€and€only€invalidate€it€if,€when€read€as€a€whole,€it€fails€to€fairly€submit€theÏlegal€issues€or€misleads€the€jury€as€to€the€applicable€law.€òò€Phipps,€óó883€S.W.2d€at€142.€Ð P  ÐÌà ` àOur€review€of€the€record€indicates€the€defendant€submitted€a€number€of€specialÏrequested€jury€instructions.€€Apparently,€the€defendant€submitted€a€special€jury€instruction,Ïregarding€his€mental€condition,€reflecting€the€holding€in€òòState€v.€Phipps,€óó883€S.W.2d€138,Ð Ð  Ð142€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€However,€the€defendant€has€failed€to€include€this€specialÏinstruction€in€the€record€for€proper€appellate€review.€€The€trial€court€denied€the€specialÏrequest€on€the€basis€the€defense€charge€of€intoxication€sufficiently€applied€to€both€alcoholÏand€cocaine€intoxication.€We€believe€the€defendantððs€reliance€on€òòPhipps,€supra,€óóisÐ P( #& Ðmisplaced.€€In€òòPhipps,€óó883€S.W.2d€at€149,€this€court€found€error€in€the€trial€courtððs€juryÐ 0*€%( Ðinstruction€precluding€the€jury€from€considering€the€expert€testimony€relating€to€theÏdefendantððs€mental€state€on€the€element€of€intent.€€That€is€not€the€facts€in€this€case.€TheÏdefendant€provided€the€jury€with€a€significant€quantity€of€evidence€concerning€theÏdefendantððs€usage€of€alcohol€and€cocaine€on€October€9,€1995€to€negate€the€element€of€anÏintentional€killing€of€Calvin€Hill.׃×Ý ƒ %ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€As€part€of€the€charge€on€intoxication€as€a€defense,€the€trialÐ 3à.2 Ðcourt€stated,€ð ðIntoxication€means€disturbance€of€mental€or€physical€capacity€resulting€fromÏthe€introduction€of€any€substance€into€the€body.ðð€€We€find€the€jury€instruction€as€a€wholeÏinstructed€the€jury€that€evidence€of€intoxication€could€negate€the€requisite€mental€state.ÏThere€is€no€merit€to€this€issue.ÌÌÓ  Óò òG.€€Trial€Courtððs€Failure€to€GiveÐ `  ÐRequested€Jury€Instruction€on€Elements€of€Murder€First€DegreeÌÌó óÓ  Óà ` àThe€defendant€contends€the€trial€court€failed€to€give€a€special€requested€juryÐ ° Ðinstruction€to€the€effect€that€once€a€homicide€has€been€established€it€is€presumed€to€beÏmurder€in€the€second€degree.€€The€State€argues€that€the€jury€instructions€given€to€the€juryÏclearly€stated€the€applicable€law.ÌÌà ` àThe€defendant€requested€the€trial€court€to€charge€the€jury:ÌÓÓÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àThe€law€in€Tennessee€is€that€once€a€homicide€has€beenÏestablished€it€is€presumed€to€be€murder€in€the€second€degree.ÏAccordingly,€the€State€bears€the€burden€of€proof€on€theÏelements€of€premeditation€and€deliberation€sufficient€to€elevateÏthe€offense€to€murder€first€degree.€Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌÓ£ÓÌà ` àThe€trial€court€declined€to€give€this€special€request€holding€that€the€separateÏinstructions€on€murder€first€degree€and€murder€second€degree€were€the€appropriateÏprocedure.€€The€defendant€puts€great€emphasis€on€the€ruling€in€òòState€v.€Brown,€óó836Ð  +p&) ÐS.W.2d€530€(Tenn.€1992),€delineating€the€distinctions€between€murder€first€and€murderÏsecond€degree.€We€agree€with€the€defendant€that€historically€Tennessee€law€hasÏrecognized€that€once€a€homicide€has€been€established,€it€is€presumed€to€be€murderÏsecond€degree.€€At€the€time€of€this€offense,€the€element€of€deliberation€was€not€anÏessential€element€of€murder€first€degree.€€At€the€time€of€this€offense,€October€9,€1995,€theÏñ”ñœ›œñ”ñStateñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€was€required€to€establish€that€murder€first€degree€was€ð ða€premeditated€andÏintentional€killing€of€another.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„202(a)(1).€€Premeditation€ð ðis€anÏact€done€after€the€exercise€of€reflection€and€judgment.ðð€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„202(d).€Ð  :p59 ÐAlthough€the€indictment€alleged€the€additional€element€of€deliberation,€the€trial€courtÏproperly€charged€the€jury€to€consider€the€elements€of€intent€and€premeditation€based€onÏthe€evidence.€€The€jury€instructions€on€first€degree€murder€clearly€set€forth€the€elementsÏthe€ñ”ñœ›ñ”ññ”ñœñ”ñStateñ”ñ›ñ”ñ€was€required€to€prove€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€We€find€any€error€in€refusingÏto€give€the€special€instruction€as€requested€was€clearly€harmless€error.€òò€State€v.€AntonioÐ 0 € ÐM.€Byrd,€óóShelby€County€No.€02C01„9508„CR„00232€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Jackson,Ð `  ÐDecember€30,€1996).€€We€find€no€merit€to€this€issue.ÌÌà ` àThe€trial€courtððs€judgment€is€affirmed.ÌÌÌÔ‡XˆçXX X,~ÔÓÓà ` àà ¸ àà ä àà h àà À àà  à________________________________________Ð P  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà ä àà h àà À àà  àL.€T.€LAFFERTY,€SPECIAL€JUDGEÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌJOHN€H.€PEAY,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌÌ___________________________________Ô#† X,~XXXˆçW«#ÔÐ Ê&"% ÐDAVID€G.€HAYES,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌòòÌóóÌÌÌ