ÿWPC, …# VUNa %¯ 0(µw@Ý4 1 @ U.H 0lv 0Dâ 0J& 0Tp 0^Ä 0h" 0rŠ 0|ü 0†x 0þ 1uŽ 0d BgU>„B)ÂDCë AM. D3{ã®)‘ 0@ºú#v~6vÓ´ AO‡ÆÖ 0Dœ D/à B˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLhÎ(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡ DDDDDUÓ€Ô¡¨ 3|x%ä2¼A`ArialTT((3üÝ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman% Line 7 d''''7Border 1dd€-(Cþÿ << Gÿÿ""""'ÿÿdxd ÙÝ ƒ!ÝÔ€&ÔÝ  ÝÔ€ ÔÔ€ ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€ XÔÌÌNovember€14,€1997ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔ  Ôó ó Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€&ÔÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ 8 Òà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóPursuant€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„523(b),€an€entire€sentence€for€child€rape€mustÏbe€served€undiminished€by€any€sentence€reduction€credits.Ì("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€&ÔÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ 8 Òà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóThe€statute€was€subsequently€amended€to€make€this€offense€a€Class€D€felony€if€theÏabused€child€is€six€(6)€years€of€age€or€less.Ì Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€&ÔÝ  ÝÓ  Óà àà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóó€The€statute€was€subsequently€amended€to€make€this€offense€a€Class€A€felony€ifÏà àthe€abused€child€is€six€(6)€years€of€age€or€less.€€ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÒ  ion-F Geneva Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€&ÔÝ  Ý›Ò  ÒÒ ° ÒÒ  ÒÒ 8 ÒÑ\R AØ'\ќـ€ÙÓ  ÓÔ€ ÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑßR€)+(A1-j|` ç `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌ€à@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌà@ àAT€NASHVILLEÌÌà@ àAUGUST€1997€SESSIONÌÌÌò òSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEó ó,à àà àà à)à àC.C.A.€No.€01C01„9609„CR„00388Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àAppellee,à àà àà à)à àDAVIDSON€COUNTYÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)ÌVS.à àà àà àà àà àà à)à àò òHON.€THOMAS€H.€SHRIVERó ó,Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àò òJUDGEó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìò òROBBIE€JAMESó ó,à àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à à(Child€Rape)Ìà àà àAppellant.à àà àà à)ÌÌÌòòFOR€THE€APPELLANT:à àà àà àà àFOR€THE€APPELLEE:ÌÌò òóóEDWARD€J.€GROSSà àà àà àà àJOHN€KNOX€WALKUPÌó óParkway€Towers,€Ste.€1601à àà àà àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌNashville,€TN€37219à àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àò òELLEN€H.€POLLACKÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àó óAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0493ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àò òVICTOR€S.€JOHNSON,€IIIÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àó óDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àò òWILLIAM€R.€REEDÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àó óAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àWashington€Sq.,€Ste.€500Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà à222„2nd€Avenue,€N.Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37201„1649ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌò òÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€€òò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌÌÌÌóóREVERSED€AND€REMANDEDÌÌÌÌJOE€G.€RILEY,€ÌJUDGEÌÌÑ7€œÑXdðXXdð7ÑÌó óà@ àòòò òO€P€I€N€I€O€Nó óóóÌÌÌÓÓà àHaving€been€found€guilty€of€rape€of€a€child€by€a€Davidson€County€jury,Ïdefendant€has€filed€this€direct€appeal.€€She€was€sentenced€as€a€StandardÏOffender€for€this€Class€A€felony€to€the€minimum€sentence€of€15€years€in€theÏDepartment€of€Correction.× ƒ, ××  ×€€She€presents€the€following€issues€for€our€review:ÌÓÓà à(1)€whether€the€evidence€is€sufficient€to€sustain€the€conviction;ÌÌà à(2)€whether€her€sentence€constitutes€cruel€and€unusual€punishmentÌà à€€€€€€as€prohibited€by€the€Eighth€Amendment€of€the€United€StatesÌà à€€€€€€Constitution;ÌÌà à(3)€whether€there€was€an€abuse€of€prosecutorial€discretion€inÌà à€€€€€€seeking€the€conviction€for€child€rape;€andÌÌà à(4)€whether€she€was€denied€the€right€to€a€speedy€trial.ÌÌÓÓAlthough€we€find€no€merit€to€any€of€these€issues,€we€find€that€the€failure€of€the€trialÍcourt€to€charge€the€offense€of€aggravated€child€abuse,€under€the€uniqueÏcircumstances€of€this€case,€was€plain€error.€€We,€therefore,€remand€for€a€new€trial.€€Ìà@ àò òòòFACTSÌÌó óóóà àDefendant€and€her€husband€were€unable€to€have€children€and€soughtÏadoption.€€A€two€and€three„year€old€brother€and€sister€were€placed€in€their€homeÏin€December€1991,€in€contemplation€of€adoption.€€On€October€22,€1992,€a€workerÏat€the€childrenððs€day€care€facility€found€blood€on€cleansing€tissue€used€by€theÏthree„year€old€female.€€Upon€further€examination€blood€was€discovered€on€theÏchildððs€inner€thighs.€€These€findings€were€reported€to€the€Department€of€HumanÏServices€which€in€turn€contacted€the€Metropolitan€Police€Department.€€AnÏinvestigation€was€begun.€€Ìà àWhen€questioned€as€to€how€the€child€could€have€been€injured,€theÏdefendant€did€not€give€definitive€answers€to€either€the€day€care€worker€or€theÏinterviewing€detective.€€Defendant€stated€that€the€child€had€fallen€a€month€earlierÏand€had€blood€ÌÌon€her€panties.€€She€later€conceded€to€the€detective€that€she€may€haveÏpenetrated€the€childððs€vagina€with€her€finger€while€disciplining€her€on€thatÏmorning.€€Ìà àThe€child€was€evaluated€at€Our€Kids€Center€which€evaluates€childrenÏsuspected€of€being€sexually€abused.€€The€examination€revealed€that€the€three„year€old€female€had€an€ð ðacute€hymenal€vaginal€tearðð€with€bruising€and€bleeding.€ÍThe€injury€was€caused€by€some€type€of€penetration€and€would€have€beenÏð ðpainfulðð€to€the€child€at€the€time€of€its€occurrence.€€Ìà àFor€reasons€not€apparent€in€the€record,€the€defendant€was€not€indictedÏuntil€August€1994.€€In€April€1995,€defendant€was€evaluated€by€a€clinicalÏpsychologist.€€The€psychological€records€contained€defendantððs€explanation€asÏto€the€occurrence.€€Defendant€stated€that€she€was€trying€to€dress€the€child€on€thisÏparticular€morning,€and€the€child€was€crying€and€uncooperative.€€The€defendantÏexplained€that,€without€thinking,€she€tried€to€quieten€the€child€by€thrusting€herÏmiddle€finger€into€the€childððs€vagina.€€Defendantððs€family€history€indicated€she€didÏnot€have€a€healthy€model€for€parenting€and€disciplining.€€Ìà àAt€trial€the€defendant€testified€that€on€the€morning€in€question€the€childÏcontinued€to€cry€while€the€defendant€was€attempting€to€dress€her.€€After€theÏdefendant€spanked€the€child,€the€defendant€was,€in€her€own€words,€ð ðtotally€out€ofÏcontrolðð€when€she€ð ðstuck€[her]€finger€in€[the€childððs]€vagina.ðð€€The€defendant€statedÏthat€she€ð ðwas€under€a€lot€of€stress,€and€I€just€lost€it.ðð€€Defendant€related€that€sheÏð ðcouldnððt€think,ðð€and€her€actions€were€not€intentional.€€She€stressed€that€she€wasÏnot€attempting€to€harm€the€child€in€any€way,€and€there€was€absolutely€no€sexualÏmotive€in€her€actions.€€Defendant€conceded€that€the€child€ð ðscreamed€outðð€in€pain.€ÏThe€defendant€testified€that€the€incident€was€witnessed€by€the€childððs€two„yearÏold€brother.€ÌÌÌÌÌ̛̜à àœThe›€jury€was€charged€as€to€the€indicted€offense€of€child€rape€and€theÏlesser€offense€of€misdemeanor€child€abuse.€€Range€of€punishment€was€notÏcharged€since,€as€the€trial€judge€explained€to€defense€counsel,€there€was€noÏrequest€prior€to€jury€selection.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„201(b)(1).€€DuringÏdeliberations,€the€jury€asked€the€court€if€it€was€permitted€to€reach€a€verdict€ofÏguilty€on€one€of€the€charges€and€recommend€consideration€of€mitigatingÏcircumstances€for€the€€sentence.€€The€trial€court€advised€the€jury€that€their€functionÏwas€to€determine€guilt€or€innocence,€and€the€court€would€determine€theÏsentence.€€The€trial€court€further€advised€the€jury€ð ðthat€if€you€start€dealing€with€thatÏkind€of€an€issue,€you€could€get€the€case€in€a€shape€where€.€.€.€an€appellate€courtÏmight€have€to€set€your€verdict€aside€because€the€sentence,€under€our€system,€isÏnot€the€juryððs€function.ðð€€The€jury€subsequently€returned€its€verdict€of€guilty€of€childÏrape.ÌÌà@ àò òòòSUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€EVIDENCEó óóóÌà@ àò òA.ó óÌÌò òà àó óIn€Tennessee,€great€weight€is€given€to€the€result€reached€by€the€jury€in€aÏcriminal€trial.€€A€jury€verdict€accredits€the€state's€witnesses€and€resolves€allÏconflicts€in€favor€of€the€state.€€€òòState€v.€Bigbeeóó,€885€S.W.2d€797,€803€(Tenn.Í1994);€òòState€v.€Harrisóó,€839€S.W.2d€54,€75€(Tenn.€1992).€€On€appeal,€the€state€isÏentitled€to€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€and€all€reasonableÏinferences€which€may€be€drawn€therefrom.€òòIdóó.;€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2dÏ832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€€Moreover,€a€guilty€verdict€removes€the€presumption€ofÏinnocence€which€the€appellant€enjoyed€at€trial€and€raises€a€presumption€of€guiltÏon€appeal.€€òòState€v.€Graceóó,€493€S.W.2d€474,€476€(Tenn.€1973).€€The€appellantÏhas€the€burden€of€overcoming€this€presumption€of€guilt.€€òòIdóó.à àœÌ›œÌ›œÌ›œÌ›Ìà àWhere€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€is€challenged,€the€relevant€question€forÏan€appellate€court€is€whether,€after€viewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€mostÏfavorable€to€the€prosecution,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€theÏessential€elements€of€the€crime€or€crimes€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€Tenn.€R.ÏApp.€P.€13(e);€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€99€S.Ct.€2781,€61€L.€Ed.2d€560Ï(1979);€òòState€v.€Abramsóó,€935€S.W.2d€399,€401€(Tenn.€1996).€The€weight€andÏcredibility€of€the€witnesses'€testimony€are€matters€entrusted€exclusively€to€the€juryÏas€the€triers€of€fact.€€òòState€v.€Sheffieldóó,€676€S.W.2d€542,€547€(Tenn.€1984);€òòStateÏv.€Breweróó,€932€S.W.2d€1,€19€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996).€€ÌÌà@ àò òB.ó óÌà àà àRape€of€a€child€is€defined€as€the€ð ðunlawful€sexual€penetration€of€a€Ívictim€by€the€defendant€.€.€.€,€if€such€victim€is€less€than€thirteen€(13)€years€of€age.ðð€ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„522(a).€€ð ðSexual€penetrationðð€is€defined€as€ð ðany€.€.€.€Ïintrusion,€however€slight,€of€any€part€of€a€personððs€body€or€any€object€into€theÏgenital€or€anal€openings€of€the€victimððs€.€.€.€body€.€.€.€.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„501(7).ÌÌà@ àò òC.ó óÌà àThe€defendantððs€own€testimony€indicated€that€she€lost€control€and€insertedÏher€finger€into€the€vagina€of€the€child,€thereby€causing€the€child€to€scream€out€inÏpain.€€Therefore,€there€was€clearly€an€intrusion€into€the€genital€opening€of€theÏvictimððs€body€so€as€to€constitute€ð ðsexual€penetration.ðð€€Furthermore,€the€jury€couldÏcertainly€find€that€the€intrusion€was€unlawful,€and€the€child€victim€was€underÏthirteen€(13)€years€of€age.€€The€action€of€the€defendant€meets€the€criteria€for€rapeÏof€a€child.ÌÌà0 àà àà@ àò òD.ó óÌà àDefendant€contends€that€her€actions€were€an€exercise€of€discipline€and,Ïsince€there€was€no€sexual€intent,€she€could€not€be€guilty€of€rape€of€a€child.€ÏHowever,€sexual€motivation€is€unnecessary€for€ð ðsexual€penetration.ðð€€WhereasÏthe€definition€of€ð ðsexual€contactðð€requires€the€touching€to€be€ð ðfor€the€purpose€ofÏsexual€arousal€or€gratification,ðð€there€is€no€such€requirement€for€ð ðsexualÏpenetration.ðð€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„501(6)€and€(7).€€In€fact,€ourÏTennessee€Supreme€Court€has€held:ÌÓÓà àà àwe€reject€the€proposition€that,€as€a€matter€of€law,€every€Ìà àà àrape€is€implicitly€committed€for€the€purpose€of€pleasure€Ìà àà àor€excitement.€€This€view€overlooks€the€reality€that€someÌà àà àacts€of€rape€are€not€committed€for€pleasure€at€all.€€SomeÌà àà àcrimes€of€this€nature€are€simply€acts€of€brutality€resultingÌà àà àfrom€hatred€or€the€desire€to€seek€revenge,€control,€Ìà àà àintimidate,€or€are€the€product€of€a€misguided€desire€to€Ìà àà àjust€abuse€another€human€being.€€The€desire€for€pleasureÌà àà àor€excitement€should€not€be€inherently€presumed€from€theÌà àà àact€of€rape.€€ÌÌòòState€v.€Adamsóó,€864€S.W.2d€31,€34„35€(Tenn.€1993).ÌÌÓÓà àFor€the€above€reasons€we€conclude€that€defendantððs€actionsÏencompassed€the€elements€of€child€rape,€and€that€sexual€motivation€is€not€anÏessential€element€of€this€offense.ÌÌà@ àò òòòCRUEL€AND€UNUSUAL€PUNISHMENTÌÌó óóóà àDefendant€contends€her€15„year€sentence€amounts€to€cruel€and€unusualÏpunishment€based€upon€the€facts.€€Since€reviewing€courts€should€grantÏsubstantial€deference€to€the€broad€authority€the€legislature€possesses€inÏdetermining€punishments€for€particular€crimes,€successful€challenges€to€theÏproportionality€of€particular€sentences,€outside€the€context€of€capital€punishment,Ïare€exceedingly€rare.€€òòSeeóó€òòSolem€v.€Helmóó,€463€U.S.€277,€103€S.Ct.€3001,€77ÏL.Ed.€2d€637€(1983).€€Giving€due€deference€to€the€legislatureððs€establishment€ofÏthe€range€of€punishment€for€this€offense,€we€find€no€violation€under€the€EighthÏAmendment€of€the€United€States€Constitution.€€Furthermore,€we€find€no€stateÏconstitutional€violation€since€the€sentence€is€not€ð ðgrossly€disproportionateðð€to€theÍcrime.€€òòSee€òòóóState€v.€Harrisóó,€844€S.W.2d€601,€603€(Tenn.€1992).€Ì€Ìà@ àò òòòABUSE€OF€PROSECUTORIAL€DISCRETIONó óóóÌÌà àDefendant€contends€the€state€abused€its€mandatory€duty€to€seek€the€Ïproper€administration€of€justice€by€its€arbitrary€prosecution€for€child€rape,€ratherÏthan€allowing€an€alternative€resolution€which€would€grant€the€court€discretion€inÏsentencing€alternatives.€€The€record€before€us€is€limited.€€The€record€simplyÏshows€that€the€defendant€was€indicted€and€prosecuted€for€the€offense€of€childÏrape.€€The€issue€of€the€alleged€abuse€of€prosecutorial€discretion€appears€in€theÏrecord€for€the€first€time€in€the€motion€for€new€trial.€€There€is€no€transcript€of€theÏmotion€for€new€trial,€and€the€record€simply€shows€that€the€motion€for€new€trial€wasÏoverruled.€€In€the€absence€of€an€appropriate€record€for€review,€we€are€unable€toÏproperly€address€this€issue.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Ballardóó,€855€S.W.2d€557,€560„561Ï(Tenn.€1993);€òòState€v.€Nixóó,€922€S.W.2d€894,€901„902€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).Ìà àAddressing€the€issue,€nonetheless,€we€find€no€abuse€of€prosecutorialÏdiscretion.€€Subject€to€constitutional€constraints,€the€district€attorney€generalððsÏdiscretion€in€charging€determinations€is€ð ðpractically€unbridled.ðð€€òòQuillen€v.ÏCrockettóó,€928€S.W.2d€47,€51€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995);€òòsee€alsoóó€òòDearborne€v.ÏStateóó,€575€S.W.2d€259,€262€(Tenn.€1978).€€Assuming€the€prosecutor€sought€aÏconviction€for€child€rape€and€was€unwilling€to€consider€lesser€alternatives,€thisÏCourt€is€not€at€liberty€to€interfere€with€that€discretion.€€ÌÌà@ àò òòòSPEEDY€TRIALó óóóÌÌà àFinally,€defendant€asserts€she€was€denied€a€speedy€trial.€€Again,Ïaccording€to€the€record,€this€issue€was€raised€for€the€first€time€in€the€motion€forÏnew€trial.€€There€is€no€transcript€of€the€motion€for€new€trial,€nor€are€there€anyÏspecific€findings€by€the€trial€court€with€regard€to€this€issue.€€Defendant€concedesÏthe€traditional€criteria€for€granting€relief€on€this€basis€are€not€present.€€Since€theÏrecord€does€not€enable€us€to€review€this€issue,€defendant€is€entitled€to€no€relief.€€ÌÌà@ àò òòòFAILURE€TO€CHARGE€AGGRAVATED€CHILD€ABUSEóóó óÌÌà àThe€trial€judge€instructed€the€jury€on€the€indicted€offense€of€child€rape€asÏwell€as€the€lesser€offense€of€misdemeanor€child€abuse.€€Although€the€defendantÏhas€not€raised€the€issue€of€the€failure€to€charge€the€offense€of€aggravated€childÏabuse,€we€are€compelled€to€examine€this€failure€and€determine€whether€it€wasÏerror,€and€if€so,€whether€it€was€ð ðplain€error.ðð€€ð ðPlain€errorðð€is€an€error€which€hasÏaffected€the€substantial€rights€of€the€accused€and€may€be€noticed€at€any€time,Ïeven€though€not€raised€as€an€error€on€appeal,€where€necessary€to€do€substantialÏjustice.€€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€52(b);€òòState€v.€Stephensonóó,€878€S.W.2d€530,€553„554Ï(Tenn.€1994).€€The€plain€error€doctrine€has€been€applied€to€the€failure€to€charge€aÏlesser€offense.€€òòState€v.€Brooksóó,€909€S.W.2d€854,€860€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€Ìà àIt€was€and€is€the€defendantððs€position€that€her€conduct,€though€anÏinappropriate€and€excessive€display€of€discipline,€was€not€in€any€way€sexuallyÍmotivated.€€Therefore,€she€contends€that€the€child€rape€conviction€and€resultingÏ15„year€sentence€are€not€justified€based€upon€this€conduct.€€Although€we€haveÏconcluded€that€sexual€motivation€is€not€required€for€child€rape,€that€is€not€to€sayÏthat€the€proof€would€not€justify€conviction€for€some€other€lesser€offense.€Ìà à€At€the€time€of€the€commission€of€the€alleged€offense,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÏ39„15„401(a)€(1991)€provided€that€ð ð[a]ny€person€who€knowingly,€other€than€byÏaccidental€means,€treats€a€child€under€eighteen€(18)€years€of€age€in€such€aÏmanner€as€to€inflict€injury€.€.€.€is€guilty€of€a€Class€A€misdemeanor.ðð× ƒ. ××  ×€€SubsectionÏ(d)€of€this€statute€specifically€provided€that€ð ð[a]€violation€of€this€section€may€be€aÏlesser€included€offense€of€any€kind€of€.€.€.€sexual€offense€if€the€victim€is€a€child€andÏthe€evidence€supports€a€charge€under€this€section.ðð€€Since€the€statute€expresslyÏcontemplates€that€child€abuse€may€be€a€lesser€offense€of€a€sexual€offenseÏagainst€a€child,€child€abuse€can€be€a€lesser€grade€of€a€sexual€offense.€€òòSeeóó€òòStateÏv.€Trustyóó,€919€S.W.2d€305,€310€(Tenn.€1996).€€Accordingly,€the€trial€judgeÏproperly€charged€misdemeanor€child€abuse€as€a€lesser€offense€of€child€rape.€€Ìà àThe€trial€court€did€not,€however,€charge€aggravated€child€abuse€as€aÏlesser€offense.€€At€the€time€of€the€commission€of€the€alleged€offense,€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€39„15„402(a)€(1991)€provided€that€ð ð[a]€person€is€guilty€of€the€offense€ofÏaggravated€child€abuse€who€commits€the€offense€of€child€abuse€as€defined€in€ððÏ39„15„401€and:€(1)€€[t]he€act€of€abuse€results€in€serious€bodily€injury€to€the€child€.€.Ï.€.ðð€€ð ðSerious€bodily€injuryðð€is€ð ðbodily€œinjury›€which€involves€.€.€.€(C)€[e]xtremeÍphysical€pain€.€.€.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„106(a)(33)€(1991).€€ð ðBodily€injuryððÏincludes€a€œð ðcut,›€abrasion,€bruise€.€.€.€physical€pain€.€.€.€œ.ð𛀀Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„106(a)(2)€(1991).€€Aggravated€child€abuse€was€a€Class€B€felony€at€the€time€ofÏcommission€of€the€alleged€offense.× ƒ/ ××  ×€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„15„402(b)€(1991).€€Ìà àCertainly,€the€jury€could€have€concluded€that€the€defendant€knowingly,Ïother€than€by€accidental€means,€treated€the€three„year€old€child€in€such€a€mannerÏto€inflict€serious€bodily€injury.€€The€proof€indicated€that€the€child€ð ðscreamed€outðð€inÏpain€as€a€result€of€defendantððs€action.€€Accordingly,€the€jury€could€conclude€fromÏthe€undisputed€proof€that€the€child€was€cut€and€bruised€and€suffered€ð ðextremeÏphysical€painðð€so€as€to€constitute€ð ðserious€bodily€injury.ðð€€The€proof€would€haveÏjustified€a€conviction€of€aggravated€child€abuse.€€Ìà àA€defendant€is€entitled€to€jury€instructions€on€all€offenses€which€are€eitherÏlesser€grades€or€lesser€included€offenses€of€the€charged€offense€so€long€as€theÏevidence€would€support€a€conviction€for€such€offense.€€òòState€v.€Trustyóó,€919ÏS.W.2d€at€311.€€There€is€an€affirmative€duty€on€the€part€of€the€trial€court€to€chargeÏthe€jury€on€lesser€offenses€whether€requested€or€not.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„18„110(a);€òòState€v.€Howardóó,€926€S.W.2d€579,€585€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996).€€Ìà àWe,€therefore,€conclude€that€aggravated€child€abuse€and€child€abuse€canÏbe€lesser€offenses€of€child€rape€depending€upon€the€facts€of€the€case.€€The€factsÏin€the€instant€case€would€certainly€justify€a€conviction€for€aggravated€child€abuse.€ÏAccordingly,€the€trial€court€erred€in€failing€to€charge€aggravated€child€abuse.€€Ìà àWe€emphasize€that€the€facts€and€circumstances€of€this€case€are€ratherÏunique.€€The€lack€of€sexual€motivation€was€clearly€placed€before€the€jury.€ÏAlthough€the€jury€could€and€did€find€child€rape€based€upon€the€statutoryÏdefinitions,€the€jury€was€obviously€concerned€about€possible€punishment€andÏdesired€to€recommend€leniency€in€sentencing.€€Since€range€of€punishment€wasÏnot€charged€to€the€jury€due€to€the€failure€to€request€the€same€prior€to€juryÏselection,€the€jury€was€told€not€to€consider€sentencing€for€fear€their€verdict€mightÏbe€set€aside€by€an€appellate€court.€€The€proof€offered€by€the€state€as€well€as€theÏdefendant€clearly€embraced€aggravated€child€abuse.€€At€the€time€of€theÏcommission€of€the€alleged€offense,€aggravated€child€abuse€was€a€Class€B€felony.€ÏChild€rape€was€and€is€a€Class€A€felony€requiring€service€of€an€entire€sentenceÏundiminished€by€any€sentence€reduction€credits.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„523(b).€€We€are€unable€to€conclude€that€the€jury€would€have€necessarily€foundÏthe€defendant€guilty€of€child€rape€if€the€lesser€offense€of€aggravated€child€abuseÏhad€also€been€charged.Ìà àFor€these€reasons,€we€find€the€trial€court€erroneously€failed€to€chargeÏaggravated€child€abuse€as€a€lesser€offense.€€We€further€find€that€this€errorÏaffected€the€substantial€rights€of€the€defendant€and€must€be€addressed€by€thisÏCourt€to€do€substantial€justice.€€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€52(b).€€ÌÌà àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€reversed,€and€this€case€is€remanded€for€aÏnew€trial.€€ÌÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà àòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ìóóà àà àà àà àà àà àJOE€G.€RILEY,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óó€ÌCURWOOD€WITT,€JUDGEÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌóóJOE€H.€WALKER,€III,€SPECIAL€JUDGEÌÌÌÌ