ÿWPC%$ …UBV %˜U.žÌnXÜ 0P4 4„ ˜ 0”  0D4 w@x 0J¸  0T 0^\ 0hº 0r" 0|” 0† 0– 1u& 0d› BÿU 6B)R D3{DC® AMñ 0@>(~&¦¾ÌWŠNáv~/vÓ­ AO€"ÆÏ" 0D•# D/Ù# B$<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiX%ä2¼A`ArialTT3|X «<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiXXxþ6X@ÉJQX@%ä2¼A`ArialTTt10cpiXXXä2¼P±ŠQXP((­À$¡¡ÒD°ÒÒ¦°ÒÓ  ÓÔ¡¨ (D(3¾Á$¤¤Ý ƒ­À!ÝÒD°ÒÒ¦°ÒÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà œ àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó v w Õ€ D ‚ £ƒ b„ b… a† D‡ Ó€2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  ÔH2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d< Œ 9p`(Courier New% Line 7 d$$$$'ÿÿdxd))))7Border 1dd€-+Cþÿ << Gÿÿ("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€(ÔÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÝ  ÝÔ€ÔÔ€ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€XÔÌÌOctoberÏ24,Ï1997ÌÌCecilÏW.ÏCrowsonÌAppellateÏCourtÏClerkÔ  Ôó ó Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€(ÔÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€(ôÔÔ€ÔThe€indictment€provides,€in€pertinent€part,€that€the€defendant€ð ðdid€unlawfully,€intentionally€andÏknowingly€by€the€use€of€a€deadly€weapon,€to€wit:€€a€380€caliber€pistol,€cause€[the€victim]€to€reasonablyÏfear€imminent€bodily€injury€by€hitting€said€[victim]€in€the€mouth€and€did€shoot€at€[the€victim]€and€did€putÏthe€aforesaid€pistol€in€the€chest€of€[the€victim]€while€stating€he€would€kill€her,€in€violation€of€TennesseeÏCode€Annotated€39„13„102.ðð€€At€the€time€this€crime€was€committed,€aggravated€assault€could€beÏcommitted€by€assaulting€someone€and€causing€serious€bodily€injury€or€using€or€displaying€a€deadlyÏweapon.€€T.C.A.€ðð€39„13„102(a)(1)€(Repl.€1991).€€The€instant€indictment€sufficiently€alleges€aggravatedÏassault€only€by€use€or€display€of€a€deadly€weapon.€€The€indictment€contains€no€allegation€of€seriousÏbodily€injury.Ì ´Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€(ÔÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€(ôÔÔ€ÔEffective€May€12,€1993,€aggravated€assault€became€either€a€Class€C€or€Class€D€felony,Ïdepending€upon€whether€the€assault€was€committed€intentionally€or€knowingly,€or€recklessly.€€òòSeeóóÏT.C.A.€ðð€39„13„102€(Supp.€1993).Ì MÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€(ÔÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€(ôÔÔ€ÔThe€sentencing€range€for€this€offense€was€two€to€four€years.€€òòSeeóó€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„112(a)(4).Ô€(ÔÌ DÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€(ÔÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€(ôÔÔ€ÔBodily€injury€committed€during€the€commission€of€a€felony€may€be€applied€as€an€enhancementÏfactor€in€at€least€two€circumstances:€€where€the€defendant€has€been€previously€convicted€of€a€felony€thatÏresulted€in€death€or€bodily€injury,€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114(11),€and€where€the€defendant€willfully€inflictedÏbodily€injury€upon€another€person.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114(12).€€ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÒ  ion-F Geneva Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€(ÔÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÝ  ÝÑ ` ÑÑ X ÑÒ P ÒÒ ¦ ÒÒ P ÒÒ Ž ÒÑ7€â}XXdÈdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓ  ÓÔ€ÔÙ€€ÙßR€,.+A1-j|` 81 `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌà àà àò òIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌà@ àAT€NASHVILLEÌÌÓ  Óà@ àJULY€1997€SESSIONÌÌÌÌó óÌò òSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà àà à)ó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àò ò)ó óà àò òC.C.A.€NO.€œ01C01›„9601„CC„00030ó óÌà àà àAppellee,à àò ò€€€€€à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àWAYNE€COUNTYó óÌœVS›.à àà àà àà àà àà àò ò)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àHON.€WILLIAM€B.€CAIN,ÌFRANKLIN€JENKINS,à àà àà à)à àJUDGEÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àó óAppellant.ò òà àà àà à)à àó ó(Aggravated€œassault›)ò òÌó óÌÌÌòòFOR€THE€APPELLANT:óóà àà àà à€€€€€òòà àFOR€THE€APPELLEE:óóÌÌÌò òNATHANIEL€H.€œKOENIG›ó óà àà àà àà àò òJOHN€KNOX€WALKUPó óÌ150€Second€Ave.,€N.,€Suite€300à àà àà àAttorney€General€&€Reporterò òÌó óNashville,€TN€€€37201„1902ò òÌó ó€€€€€œ€€€€(On›€appeal)à àà àò òà àà àà àLISA€A.€œNAYLOR›ó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAsst.€Attorney€GeneralÌò òœSHARA›€œFLACY›ó óà àà àà àà àà à450€James€RobertsonÏPkwy.à àDistrict€Public€Defenderà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€7243„0493Ìà àà àà àà àÌò òLARRY€œNICKELL›à àó óà àò òà àà àà àMIKE€BOTTOMSó óÌAsst.€Public€Defenderà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌP.O.€Box€1208ÌœPulaski›,€TN€€€38478à àà àà àà àò òRICHARD€H.€œDUNAVANT›ó óÌ€€€€€œ€€(At›€trial)à àà àà àà àà àà àAsst.€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àP.O.€Box€304Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àœPulaski›,€TN€€€38478Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àÌOPINION€FILED:____________________ÌÌÌÌò òREVERSED€AND€REMANDEDó óÌÌÌò òJOHN€H.€PEAY,ó óÌJudgeÌÇœ›Ñ  ÑÑ ° Ñà@ àò òòòO€P€I€N€I€O€NÌÌÌó óóóÌÓÓà àà àThe€defendant€was€indicted€for€aggravated€assault€committed€by€use€ofÏa€deadly€weapon.× ƒ/ ××  ×€€A€jury€convicted€him€of€Class€D€aggravated€œassault× ƒ0 ××  ×€and›€he€wasÏsentenced€as€a€Range€I€standard€offender€to€three€years€incarceration.€€In€this€directÏappeal,€the€defendant€contends€that€he€is€entitled€to€a€new€trial€because€the€courtÏbelow€failed€to€instruct€the€jury€on€the€lesser€offense€of€assault.€€He€also€challengesÏthe€length€of€his€sentence,€contending€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€applying€certainÏenhancement€factors.€€Upon€our€review€of€the€record,€we€reverse€the€defendantððsÏconviction€and€remand€this€matter€for€retrial.ÌÌà àà àNadine€Armstrong€testified€that€on€September€14,€1992,€she€had€gottenÏinto€an€argument€with€the€defendant,€her€boyfriend.€€According€to€Ms.€Armstrong,€theÏdefendant€hit€her€in€the€mouth€and€she€ran€into€another€room.€€As€she€was€running,Ïshe€heard€a€shot.€€She€turned€around€and€saw€the€defendant€standing€in€front€of€herÍwith€a€gun.€€She€testified€that€she€just€stood€there€and€started€to€scream.€€At€thatÏpoint,€the€defendant€held€the€gun€to€her€chest€and€threatened€to€kill€her.€€She€testifiedÏÔ% € Ôthat€she€had€been€afraid€for€her€life€and€asked€him€not€to€kill€her.€€He€subsequentlyÏtook€the€gun€down.€€A€bullet€was€later€recovered€from€the€floor.ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€testified€that,€during€the€argument,€the€victim€ð ðraised€upÏthe€mattress€on€the€bed€and€reached€her€hand€under€the€bed,€and€I€told€her,€I€said,Ïyou€better€not€be€getting€no€gun.€€And€I€slapped€her.ðð€€According€to€the€defendant,€theÏvictim€then€went€to€her€vehicle€and€when€he€next€saw€her€in€the€house,€ð ðshe€had€aÏgun€in€her€hand.ðð€€He€testified€that€he€had€been€scared€and€slapped€the€gun€with€hisÏleft€hand.€€At€that€point,€he€testified,€ð ðthe€gun€hit€the€floor,€and€it€went€off.€€And€she€wasÏclawing€at€me,€and€I€didnððt€mean€to€hit€her,€but€I€hit€her.ðð€€He€testified€that€heÏsubsequently€retrieved€the€gun€and€threw€it€into€the€woods.€€ÌÌà àà àAssault€is€committed€when€a€person€ð ð(1)€Intentionally,€knowingly€orÏrecklessly€causes€bodily€injury€to€another;€(2)€Intentionally€or€knowingly€causesÏanother€to€reasonably€fear€imminent€bodily€injury;€or€(3)€Intentionally€or€knowinglyÏcauses€physical€contact€with€another€and€a€reasonable€person€would€regard€theÏcontact€as€extremely€offensive€or€provocative.ðð€€T.C.A.€ðð€39„13„101(a)€(Repl.€1991).€ÏAssault€is€a€lesser€grade€offense€of€aggravated€assault.€€òòSee€generallyóó€òòState€v.ÏTrustyóó,€919€S.W.2d€305€(Tenn.€1996).€€At€the€time€the€instant€crime€was€committed,Ïaggravated€assault€occurred€when€a€person€committed€an€assault€as€defined€inÍT.C.A.€ðð€39„13„101€and€used€or€displayed€a€deadly€weapon,€and€it€was€a€Class€CÏfelony.€€T.C.A.€ðð€39„13„102(a)(1)(B)€and€(b)€(Repl.€1991).€€ÌÌà àà àIn€1993,€our€legislature€rewrote€the€section€of€our€Code€dealing€withÏaggravated€assault.€€In€pertinent€part,€aggravated€assault€was€divided€into€Class€CÏand€Class€D€felonies,€depending€upon€the€defendantððs€òòmensóó€œòòrea›óó€at€the€time€he€orÏshe€committed€the€offense.€€That€is,€aggravated€assaults€committed€intentionally€orÏknowingly€remained€Class€C€felonies.€€However,€aggravated€assaults€committedÏrecklessly€became€Class€D€felonies.€€òòSeeóó€T.C.A.€ðð€39„13„102€(Supp.€1993).€€In€thisÏcase,€the€court€below€instructed€the€jury€under€the€revised€version€of€aggravatedÏassault.€€This€was€error.€€òòSeeóó€T.C.A.€ðð39„11„112€(Repl.€1991)€(ð ðWhenever€any€penalÏstatute€.€.€.€is€repealed€or€amended€by€a€subsequent€legislative€act,€any€offense,€asÏdefined€by€the€statute€.€.€.€being€repealed€or€amended,€committed€while€such€statute€€Ï.€.€.€was€in€full€force€and€effect€shall€be€prosecuted€under€the€.€.€.€statute€in€effect€at€theÏtime€of€the€commission€of€the€offense.ðð)ÌÌà àà àThe€court€below€compounded€its€error€by€failing€to€instruct€the€jury€onÏsimple€assault.€€ð ðIt€is€the€duty€of€all€judges€charging€juries€in€cases€of€criminalÏprosecutions€for€any€felony€wherein€two€(2)€or€more€grades€or€classes€of€offense€mayÏbe€included€in€the€indictment,€to€charge€the€jury€as€to€all€of€the€law€of€each€offenseÏincluded€in€the€indictment.ðð€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„18„110(a)€(Repl.€1990).€€It€is€error€to€fail€toÏinstruct€the€jury€on€the€lesser€offense(s)€unless€the€record€clearly€shows€that€theÍdefendant€was€guilty€of€the€greater€offense€and€is€devoid€of€any€evidence€permittingÏan€inference€of€guilt€of€the€lesser€offense.€€òòState€v.€Boydóó,€797€S.W.2d€589,€593€(Tenn.Ï1990).€€In€this€case,€the€defendant€testified€that€the€victim€œhad€had›€the€gun€and€thatÏhe€hit€her€after€disarming€her.€€This€testimony,€if€believed,€would€support€a€convictionÏof€simple€assault:€€not€aggravated€assault€by€use€of€a€deadly€weapon.€€Accordingly,€itÏwas€error€for€the€trial€court€to€fail€to€instruct€the€jury€on€the€lesser€offense€of€assault.€ÏThe€trial€courtððs€error€entitles€the€defendant€to€a€new€trial.€€œòòSee,€e.g.óó,›€òòState€v.ÏœSummerall›óó,€926€S.W.2d€272,€279€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€There€remains€the€issue,Ïhowever,€of€which€charges€the€defendant€may€be€retried€upon.€Ì€€Ìà àà àWhen€the€trial€judge€charged€the€jury€under€the€new€version€ofÏaggravated€assault,€he€instructed€it€to€first€consider€the€offense€of€intentional€orÏknowing€aggravated€assault,€the€Class€C€felony.€€If€the€jury€determined€the€defendantÏto€be€not€guilty€of€this€offense,€it€was€then€to€consider€the€defendantððs€guilt€of€recklessÏaggravated€assault,€the€Class€D€felony.€€The€jury€returned€a€verdict€of€guilt€of€Class€DÏaggravated€assault.€€Obviously,€then,€it€acquitted€the€defendant€of€intentional€orÏknowing€aggravated€assault.€€Equally€obviously,€the€defendant€cannot€now€be€retriedÏfor€that€offense.€€òòSeeóó€U.S.€Const.€amend.€V;€Tenn.€Const.€art.€I,€ðð€10.€€We€see€noÏdouble€jeopardy€violation,€however,€in€permitting€the€defendant€to€be€retried€forÏreckless€aggravated€assault,€as€that€offense€existed€at€the€time€the€offense€wasÏcommitted.€€That€is,€that€the€defendant€recklessly€caused€bodily€injury€to€the€victimÏand€used€or€displayed€a€deadly€weapon.€€òòSeeóó€T.C.A.€ðððð€39„13„102(a)(1)(B)€and€39„13„101(a)(1)€(Repl.€1991).€€Accordingly,€we€remand€this€matter€for€a€new€trial€on€theÏcharge€of€reckless€aggravated€assault€under€T.C.A.€œðð›€39„13„102(a)(1)(B)€(Repl.Ï1991)€and,€to€the€extent€supported€by€the€evidence,€all€lesser€offenses.ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€also€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€enhancedÏhis€sentence€based€on€his€use€of€a€firearm€and€causing€injury€to€another€person.€€WeÏfirst€note€that,€in€sentencing€the€defendant,€the€court€below€also€noted€as€anÏenhancement€factor€that€the€defendant€committed€the€crime€while€on€parole.€€ThisÏwas€appropriate.€€òòSeeóó€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114(13).€€The€defendantððs€prior€criminal€historyÏserves€as€yet€another€enhancement€factor.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114(1).€€Thus,€while€ourÏdisposition€of€this€case€renders€this€issue€moot,€we€find€that€a€mid„range€sentence€ofÏthree€years× ƒ1 ××  ×€was€appropriate€given€these€two€enhancement€factors€alone.€€However,Ïwe€further€note€that€use€of€the€enhancement€factor€for€possession€or€use€of€a€firearmÏduring€the€commission€of€the€offense,€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114(9),€is€improper€whenÏsentencing€for€a€conviction€of€aggravated€assault€by€use€or€display€of€a€deadlyÏweapon.€€This€enhancement€factor€is€an€essential€element€of€the€offense€andÏtherefore€may€not€be€used.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114.€€Similarly,€enhancement€on€theÏbasis€that€the€reckless€aggravated€assault€resulted€in€bodily€injury€to€another€person× ƒ2 ××  ×Íis€not€appropriate€because€bodily€injury€is€an€element€of€reckless€assault.€€òòSeeóóÏT.C.A.€ðð€39„13„101(a)(1)€(Repl.€1991).€€ÌÌà àà àWith€respect€to€œresentencing›€following€retrial€of€this€matter,€if€theÏdefendant€is€again€convicted€of€reckless€aggravated€assault,€the€conviction€must€beÏtreated€as€a€Class€D€felony€for€punishment€purposes.€€òòSeeóó€T.C.A.€ðð€39„11„112€(ð ð[œI]n›Ïthe€event€[a]€subsequent€[legislative]€act€provides€for€a€lesser€penalty,€anyÏpunishment€imposed€shall€be€in€accordance€with€the€subsequent€act.ðð)€€TheÏlegislatureððs€revision€to€the€aggravated€assault€section€of€our€Code€provides€for€aÏlesser€penalty€for€reckless€aggravated€assault€œthan›€did€the€prior€statute.€€Accordingly,Ïthe€defendant€is€entitled€to€the€lesser€penalty€if€he€is€œreconvicted›€of€the€same€offense.ÌÌà àà àThe€court€below€having€committed€reversible€error,€we€reverse€theÏdefendantððs€conviction€for€aggravated€assault€and€remand€this€matter€for€a€new€trialÏin€accordance€with€this€opinion.ÌÓÓÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àœà à______________________________›Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àœà àJOHN›€H.€PEAY,€JudgeÌÌœÌÌCONCUR:›ÌÌÌœÌ______________________________›ÌWILLIAM€M.€BARKER,€JudgeÌÌÌœÌ______________________________›ÌJERRY€L.€SMITH,€JudgeÌ