ÿWPC  # ÐUNÛ %) 0(/LWb£w@«4ëÿ 0J 0TX 0^¬ 0h  0rr 0|ä 0†` 0æ 1uv 0dëU>OU*v~·vÓ5 ˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLlÎ(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡C:\OFFICE\WPWIN\TEMPLATE\STANDARD.WPT- ù- Z£[£\]^_`UaDbDcn~<$3|xc2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô  ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(ArialPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÑ ` ÑÔ€ŠÔÔ€ÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ€ÑÑ7€VVXXdìXXdð7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÓ  Óò òÞ ÞÌIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌAT€JACKSONÌÌMARCH€SESSION,€1998ÌÌÌÓ  ÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à à)à àC.C.A.€NO.€02C01„9707„CC„00261Ìà àà àà àà àà àó ó)Ìà àAppellee,à àà àà àò ò)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àBENTON€COUNTYÌVS.à àà àà àà àà à)à àÌà àà àà àà àà à)à àHON.€JULIAN€P.€GUINNó óÌò òDONNIE€ALFRED€JOHNSON,€)à àJUDGEó óÌà àà àà àà àà àò ò)ó óÌà àAppellant.à àà àà àò ò)à à(Direct€Appeal€„€Failure€to€Appear)Ìó óÌÌÓ  ÓÌÌÓ  ÓòòFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:à àà àà àòòFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:ÌÌRAYMOND€L.€IVEYà àà àà àJOHN€KNOX€WALKUPÌP.€O.€Box€229à àà àà àà àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌHuntingdon,€TN€€38344à àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àMARVIN€E.€CLEMENTS,€JR.Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à425€Cordell€Hull€Builiding,€2nd€FloorÌà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àROBERT€RADFORDÌà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àP.€O.€Box€686Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àHuntingdon,€TN€€38344ÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED€________________________ÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌJERRY€L.€SMITH,€JUDGEÇÓ  Óò òòòÔ€„ÔOPINIONóóó óÔ€ŠÔÌÓ  ÓÓÓÌà àOn€October€17,€1996,€a€Benton€County€jury€found€Appellant,€DonnieÏAlfred€Johnson,€guilty€of€failure€to€appear,€driving€under€the€influence€of€anÏintoxicant,€possession€of€a€controlled€substance€with€intent€to€deliver€or€sell,€andÏpossession€of€unlawful€drug€paraphernalia.€The€trial€court€sentenced€AppellantÏto€eleven€months€and€twenty„nine€days€(all€but€six€months€suspended)€forÏfailure€to€appear,€to€eleven€months€and€twenty„nine€days€for€driving€under€theÏinfluence€of€an€intoxicant,€to€one€year€as€a€Range€I€standard€offender€forÏpossession€of€a€controlled€substance€with€intent€to€deliver€or€sell,€and€to€elevenÏmonths€and€twenty„nine€days€for€possession€of€drug€paraphernalia.€The€lastÏthree€sentences€were€ordered€to€be€run€concurrently€to€each€other€andÏconsecutive€to€the€six€months€for€failure€to€appear,€for€an€aggregate€sentence€ofÏone€year€and€six€months€incarceration.€Appellant€appeals€from€thoseÏconvictions,€raising€several€issues:ÌÌÓÓà à1)€whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€refusing€to€suppress€the€evidence€foundÏby€a€police€officer€who€stopped€Appellant€outside€of€the€officerððs€jurisdiction;ÌÌà à2)€whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€refusing€to€instruct€the€jury€as€to€the€lawÏregarding€police€jurisdiction;ÌÌà à3)€whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€allowing€the€introduction€of€marijuanaÏseized€from€Appellant€into€evidence€despite€the€Stateððs€failure€to€prove€a€chainÏof€custody;ÌÌà à4)€whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€upholding€the€jury€verdict€for€possessionÏof€drug€paraphernalia€despite€the€fact€the€paraphernalia€was€not€introduced€intoÏevidence.ÌÓÓÌà àAfter€a€careful€review€of€the€record,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌÓ  Óò òFACTSó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àOn€September€10,€1995,€early€in€the€morning,€Officer€Mark€Harbison,€aÏmember€of€the€New€Johnsonville€Police€Department,€followed€a€vehicle€intoÏBenton€County.€After€obtaining€the€license€number€of€the€vehicle,€which€heÏfollowed€due€to€a€suspicion€that€the€driver€was€driving€under€the€influence€of€anÏintoxicant,€Officer€Harbison€informed€the€Benton€County€law€enforcementÏagency€about€that€vehicle.€He€then€turned€around€to€return€to€HumphreysÏCounty.ÌÌà àAs€Officer€Harbison€approached€the€bridge€from€the€Benton€County€sideÏof€the€river,€he€observed€a€black€Camero€traveling€very€fast€toward€him.€OfficerÏHarbison€used€his€radar€to€clock€the€Camero€and€observed€that€the€CameroÏwas€traveling€at€85€miles€per€hour€in€a€40€mile€per€hour€zone.€Officer€HarbisonÏturned€his€car€around€and€after€the€Camero€passed€him,€turned€on€his€blueÍlights€and€stopped€the€speeding€vehicle.€Appellant€was€the€driver€of€theÏCamero.ÌÌà àAppellant€staggered€out€of€the€car€and€had€to€support€himself€with€his€carÏin€order€to€stand.€Officer€Harbison€noted€an€odor€of€alcohol€on€AppellantððsÏperson.€Harbison€notified€the€Benton€County€Sheriffððs€Department€that€he€hadÏstopped€a€car€within€that€departmentððs€jurisdiction.€Harbison€did€not€administerÏany€field€sobriety€tests€on€Appellant,€and€searched€Appellantððs€car€only€toÏcheck€for€weapons.€As€he€checked€for€weapons,€he€noticed€some€rollingÏpapers€in€the€car.€He€took€the€papers€out€of€the€car€and€placed€them€on€top€ofÏthe€car.Ìà àÌà àDeputy€Dennis€Messer€and€Reserve€Officer€Jim€Verner€of€the€BentonÏCounty€Sheriffððs€Department€soon€arrived€on€the€scene.€Messer€observed€thatÏAppellant€had€a€noticeable€odor€of€alcoholic€beverage€on€his€breath,€hisÏspeech€was€slurred,€his€eyes€bloodshot,€and€he€was€unsteady€on€his€feet.ÏAccordingly,€Deputy€Messer€placed€Appellant€under€arrest€for€driving€under€theÏinfluence.€Officer€Verner€searched€Appellant,€finding€in€Appellantððs€boot,€aÏplastic€bag€which€contained€five€small€baggies€of€marijuana.ÌÌà àThe€seized€evidence€was€turned€over€to€Messer,€who€placed€theÏevidence€in€an€envelope€and€then€into€a€locker€in€the€Sheriffððs€Department.€TheÏevidence€was€transferred€to€the€crime€lab,€though€the€means€of€the€transferÏremains€unclear.€Lab€tests€confirmed€that€the€substance€seized€from€AppellantÏwas€33.3€grams€of€marijuana.ÌÌÓ  Óò òI.€POLICE€JURISDICTIONó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àAppellant€raises€two€issues€pertaining€to€the€jurisdiction€of€the€lawÏenforcement€officer€who€initially€stopped€him.€These€issues€are€governed€byÏTennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€6„54„301€which€provides:ÌÒ ` ÒÒ ` ÒÓÓThe€police€authority€of€all€incorporated€towns€and€citiesÏshall€extend€to€a€distance€of€one€(1)€mile€from€the€lawfulÏcorporate€limits€thereof,€for€the€suppression€of€all€disorderlyÏacts€and€practices€forbidden€by€the€general€laws€of€theÏstate;€provided,€that€such€jurisdiction€of€an€incorporatedÏtown€or€city€shall€not€be€thereby€extended€beyond€theÏlimits€of€the€county€in€which€any€part€of€such€town€isÏsituated,€or€so€as€to€come€within€one€(1)€mile€of€any€otherÏincorporated€town€or€city.ÌÓ  ÓÓÓÌÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒThe€State€concedes€that€Officer€Harbison€was€within€the€jurisdiction€of€theÏBenton€County€Sheriffððs€Department€when€he€stopped€Appellant.ÌÌÓ  Óò òA.€ADMISSION€OF€EVIDENCEó óÌÓ  ÓÌÓ  Óà àInitially€Appellant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€denying€his€motion€toÏsuppress€the€drug€paraphernalia€found€by€Officer€Harbison.€He€argues€that,Ïsince€Officer€Harbison€was€outside€of€his€jurisdiction,€the€stop€was€illegal€andÏso€too€the€search.€In€òòState€v.€Johnsonóó€the€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€held€in€aÏsimilar€situation€that€a€police€officer€who€arrested€the€defendant€in€that€caseÏwas€authorized€to€make€the€arrest€despite€being€outside€the€jurisdiction€of€hisÏlaw€enforcement€agency€because€the€arrest€was€one€a€private€citizen€isÏauthorized€to€make.€òòState€v.€Johnsonóó,€661€S.W.2d€854,€859€(Tenn.€1983).ÏTennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€40„7„109€provides€that:€ð ð(A)€A€private€personÏmay€arrest€another:ÌÓÓÌà à(1)€For€a€public€offense€committed€in€the€arresting€personððs€presence;ÌÌà à(2)€When€the€person€arrested€has€committed€a€felony,€although€not€in€theÏarresting€personððs€presence;€orÌÌà à(3)€When€a€felony€has€been€committed,€and€the€arresting€person€hasÏreasonable€cause€to€believe€that€the€person€arrested€committed€it.ððÌÌÓÓà àIn€the€matter€òòsub€judiceóó,€Officer€Harbison€observed€Appellant€speeding€atÏan€excessive€rate.€As€a€private€citizen,€Harbison€was€authorized€to€arrestÏAppellant.€As€this€Court€concluded€in€òòState€v.€Durhamóó,€a€ð ðpolice€officer€does€notÏgive€up€the€right€to€act€as€a€private€citizen€when€he€is€off€duty€or€out€of€hisÏjurisdiction.ðð€òòState€v.€Durhamóó,€C.C.A.No.€01C01„9503„CC„00056,€PutnamÍCounty€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Nashville,€November€16,€1995).€As€we€concluded€inÏòòDurhamóó,€we€find€here€that€Appellant€was€lawfully€arrested€by€Harbison€evenÏthough€the€arrest€was€made€outside€of€€Harbisonððs€jurisdiction.€As€we€stated€inÏòòDurhamóó,€when€an€officer€makes€such€an€arrest,€the€officer€does€so€as€a€privateÏcitizen,€and€acts€at€the€officerððs€own€peril.€€However,€it€is€good€public€policy€toÏencourage€law€enforcement€officers€to€stop€drivers€who€appear€to€beÏintoxicated€and€who€may€be€endangering€themselves€and€the€public€regardlessÏof€where€the€officer€observes€the€impaired€driving.€This€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌÓ  Óò òB.€JURY€INSTRUCTIONó óÌÓ  ÓÌÓ  Óà àAppellant€further€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€refusing€to€instruct€theÏjury€regarding€the€provision€of€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€6„54„301.ÏHowever,€having€determined€that€the€arrest€by€Officer€Harbison€was€legallyÏjustified,€the€trial€court€acted€within€its€discretion€in€refusing€to€charge€the€juryÏconcerning€this€law.€The€question€of€whether€to€admit€the€evidence€was€a€legalÏquestion€for€the€trial€court;€once€the€court€determined€that€the€evidence€should€beÏadmitted,€instructing€the€jury€regarding€this€statute€would€have€amounted€toÏputting€before€the€jury€irrelevant€and€potentially€misleading€law.€This€issue€isÏwithout€merit.ÌÌÓ  Óò òII.€CHAIN€OF€CUSTODYó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àAppellant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€allowing€marijuana€seizedÏfrom€Appellantððs€person€following€his€arrest€to€be€introduced€into€evidence,Ïbecause€the€State€failed€to€establish€a€reliable€chain€of€custody€for€theÏcontraband€evidence.€Appellant€failed€to€object€to€the€introduction€of€thisÏevidence€at€trial;€the€failure€to€object€at€trial€results€in€a€waiver€of€the€allegedÏerror.€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€36€(a).€Further,€the€question€of€whether€the€requisite€chainÏof€possession€has€been€sufficiently€established€to€justify€admission€of€anÏexhibit€is€a€matter€committed€to€the€discretion€of€the€trial€judge€and€hisÏdetermination€will€not€be€overturned€in€the€absence€of€a€clearly€mistakenÏexercise€of€that€discretion.€€òòState€v.€Johnson,óó€673€S.W.2d€877,881€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.€1984)€(òòcitingóó€òòRitter€v.€Stateóó,€3€Tenn.€Crim.€App.€372,€462€S.W.2d€247Ï(1970)).€In€the€matter€sub€judice,€Deputy€Messer€testified€that€he€placed€theÏevidence€in€a€locker€at€the€sheriffððs€department.€Ms.€Betty€Sheriff,€of€theÏTennessee€Bureau€of€Investigationððs€regional€crime€laboratory,€testified€the€sheÏreceived€the€evidence€in€a€sealed€envelope€delivered€by€Deputy€Chris€RogersÏof€the€Benton€County€Sheriffððs€Department.€€After€analysis€the€evidence€wasÏreturned€to€the€Benton€County€Sheriffððs€Department.€€Nothing€in€the€evidenceÏsuggests€record€tampering.€€The€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€inÍdetermining€that€a€sufficient€chain€of€custody€had€been€established.€This€issueÏis€without€merit.ÌÌÓ  Óò òIII.€INTRODUCTION€OF€EVIDENCEó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àFinally,€Appellant€contests€his€conviction€for€drug€paraphernalia,€arguingÏthat€since€the€actual€paraphernalia€was€not€introduced€his€conviction€should€notÏbe€allowed€to€stand.€When€an€appellant€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€theÏevidence,€this€Court€is€obliged€to€review€that€challenge€according€to€certain€well„settled€principles.€A€verdict€of€guilty€by€the€jury,€approved€by€the€trial€judge,Ïaccredits€the€testimony€of€the€Stateððs€witnesses€and€resolves€all€conflicts€in€theÏtestimony€in€favor€of€the€State.€òòState€v.€Cazesóó,€875€S.W.2d€253,€259€(Tenn.Ï1994);€òòState€v.€Harris,óó€839€S.W.2d€54,€75€(Tenn.€1992).€Although€an€accused€isÏoriginally€cloaked€with€a€presumption€of€innocence,€a€jury€verdict€removes€thisÏpresumption€and€replaces€it€with€one€of€guilt.€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,Ï914€(Tenn.€1982).€Hence,€on€appeal,€the€burden€of€proof€rests€with€Appellant€toÏdemonstrate€the€insufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence.€òòId.óó€On€appeal,€ð ðtheÏ[S]tate€is€entitled€to€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€as€well€as€allÏreasonable€and€legitimate€inferences€that€may€be€drawn€therefrom.ððòò€Idóó.€(òòcitingóóÏòòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978)).€Where€the€sufficiency€ofÏthe€evidence€is€contested€on€appeal,€the€relevant€question€for€the€reviewingÍcourt€is€whether€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€accused€guilty€ofÏevery€element€of€the€offense€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€òòHarrisóó,€839€S.W.2dÏ54,€75;€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319,€99€S.Ct.€2781,€2789,€61€L.Ed.2dÏ560€(1979).€In€conducting€our€evaluation€of€the€convicting€evidence,€this€Court€isÏprecluded€from€reweighing€or€reconsidering€the€evidence.€òòState€v.€Morganóó,€929ÏS.W.2d€380,€383€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996);€òòState€v.€Mathewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€776,Ï779€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990).€Moreover,€this€Court€may€not€substitute€its€ownÏinferences€ð ðfor€those€drawn€by€the€trier€of€fact€from€circumstantial€evidence.ðð€òòId.óó€atÏ779.€Finally,€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Appellate€Procedure,€Rule€13(e)€provides,Ïð ðfindings€of€guilt€in€criminal€actions€whether€by€the€trial€court€or€jury€shall€be€setÏaside€if€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€findings€by€the€trier€of€factÏbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt.ðð€òòSee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Mathewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€at€780.ÌÌà àIn€the€matter€òòsub€judiceóó,€the€State€presented€proof,€through€the€testimonyÏof€Officer€Herbison,€that€Appellant€had€rolling€papers€in€his€possession€alongÏwith€a€quantity€of€marijuana.€€There€is€no€evidence€that€Appellant€alsoÏpossessed€legitimate€materials€such€as€tobacco€for€use€with€the€papers.€ÏUnder€these€circumstances€the€evidence€is€sufficient€to€sustain€the€conviction€forÏpossession€of€drug€paraphernalia.€€See.€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„424„425.ÌÌà àAccordingly,€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.Ìà àÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà à____________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àJERRY€L.€SMITH,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌòò€€€€€(See€Below)€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌJOE€B.€JONES,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÌÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌGARY€R.€WADE,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌà àThe€Honorable€Joe€B.€Jones€died€May€1,€1998,€and€did€not€participate€inÏthis€Opinion.€€We€acknowledge€his€faithful€service€to€this€Court,€both€as€aÏmember€of€the€Court€and€as€its€Presiding€Judge.