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H'"' Atapproximately2:00p.m.,Stewartwassittingontheoutsidestairs,talkingwithseveralother 1(#( residentswhenshesawthevictim,JohnCooper,standinginfrontofherbuilding.Cooperwassoon )j$) joinedbymembersofagangknownastheGangsterDisciples.Thegangmemberswere_Shakir_ *S%*  Adams,otherwiseknownas Shack;MarioWalls,otherwiseknownas Sleepy;theappellant, *<&+ _otherwiseknownas TonyCreep;andamannamedFrank,otherwiseknownas Hershey.  #  1      ׀The   gangmembersconfrontedCooperregardinghispotentialinvolvementintheshootingofaGangster  Disciplenamed Headwhohadbeenshotthepreviousevening.Cooperdeniedanyknowledge  oftheshootingandwalkedtohisgirlfriendsapartmentintheClementinecomplex. k   AlthoughsomeofthegangmembersfollowedCooper;theappellantdidnot.Cooperentered =  hisgirlfriendsapartmentandemergedholdingatelephone.Hedialedanumber,thenhepassedthe & v telephonetooneofthegangmembers.Afterthecall,allofthemendispersed,withCooperheading  _ inadirectiondifferentfromthegangmembers.CooperstoppedwhenHersheyrequestedthat  H Coopercometowardhim.CooperapproachedandstoodnearHershey.HersheyaskedCoopera  1  question,thenhitCooper.Theappellantwas [a]goodlittledistanceawayfromthealtercation.      Aftertheblow,Cooperstumbledandbeganrunningaway.Hershey,Adams,Walls,andthe   appellantchasedCooper.StewartsawAdamswithagunandheardfourgunshots.Attrial,Stewart   testifiedthatshedidnotseetheappellantwithagun,butsheknewheusuallycarriedagun. n  Followingthefirstfourshots,Cooperranaroundthecornerofoneoftheapartmentbuildings. W  StewartcouldnotdiscernifCooperhadbeenshot,butsherecalledthatshedidnotseeCooper @ bleedingwhenheturnedthecorner.AfterthegangmembersturnedthecornerinpursuitofCooper, )y Stewartheardfivemoreshots.Subsequently,Stewartwenttoseewhathadhappenedand b discoveredthatCooperhadfallentwoapartmentbuildingsawayfromherown. K   SergeantRobertShemwellwasworkingwiththehomicidedivisionoftheMemphisPolice  DepartmentonNovember7,1999,whenhewasinstructedbyhislieutenanttoinvestigateashooting  atClementineApartments.SergeantShemwellwastoldthattheshootingvictim,Cooper,haddied  atMethodistSouthHospitalshortlyaftertheincident.    WhenSergeantShemwellarrivedattheapartmentcomplex,otherofficershadalready Z securedtheareaaround1386Clementine,theareawhereCooper cametorest.Duringthecourse C ofhisinvestigation,SergeantShemwelldiscoveredthattheperpetratorsweremembersofthe ,| GangsterDisciples.Specifically,theappellantwasimplicated. e   Theappellantwasarrested,givenhisMirandarights,Q  #  2      ׀andquestionedabouttheincident.  7 TheappellantstatedthatheknewpolicewantedtoquestionhimabouttheClementineshooting. !   TheappellanttoldSergeantShemwellthathedidnotknowCooper,butHershey,Adams,andWalls " ! hadquestionedCooperabouttheshootingandrobberyof MacHead.Accordingtotheappellant, #" WallshitCooper,andCooperranaway.HersheytoldtheappellantthatCooperhadagun.Adams $# andtheappellantbeganfiringatCoopersback.Theappellantstatedthathewasfiringa.380pistol, t% $ andAdamswasusinga9millimeterpistol.TheappellanttoldSergeantShemwell, Ishotathim. ]&!% Imighthavehithim.Mighthavenot,buttheysaidIdid.IsawShackstandingoverhimandshoot F'"& twice.AsCooperroundedthecorner,theappellantsgunjammed,andhestoppedtofixthegun. /(#' TheappellantlookedaroundthecornerandsawCooperontheground,beingkickedbyHershey  andWalls.Then,CooperwasshotbyAdams.Aftertheincident,theappellantgavehisgunto  Wallsfordisposal.    SergeantShemwellstatedthatnogunbelongingtotheappellantwasfoundatthecrime T scene.However,policerecovereda9millimeterpistolbelongingtoAdams.Spentshellcasings =  nearthelocationwhereCoopersbodywasfoundweredeterminedtobefromAdamspistol. & v Additionally,SergeantShemwellnotedthataliveroundwasrecoverednearthelocationwherethe  _ appellantclaimedhisgunjammed,lendingsomecredencetotheappellantsversionofevents.  H   SergeantShemwelltestifiedthatduringthecourseofhisinvestigation,helearnedfrom    witnessesthattheincidentbeganat1350or1360Clementineandendedat1386Clementine.   Additionally,therewasareportthatCooper wasalreadybleedingfromthemouthandholding   bloodashewasrunning,priortocirclingtheendoftheapartmentcomplexandgoingtotheoutside   unitwherehefell.ThesergeantopinedthatthisversionofeventsindicatedthatCooperhadbeen n  shotwhilehewasrunningbutbeforeheroundedthecorner. W    Attrial,Dr.OBrienClearySmithtestifiedasanexpertinforensicpathology.Hestatedthat )y heperformedtheautopsyonCoopersbodyanddeducedthatCooperdiedfrommultiplegunshot b wounds.Oneofthewounds,gunshotwoundA,enteredthebackofCoopersleftshoulderand K traveledthroughhisbody,severingveinsandarteries,finallyexitingontherightsideofCoopers 4 neck.GunshotwoundBenteredandexitedthroughtheupperpartofCoopersleftarmandcould  beclassifiedasa fleshwound.GunshotwoundCenteredthefrontofCoopersthigh,fracturing  hisfemur.    Dr.Smithopinedthatthegunshotwoundscausedinternalbleeding,ultimatelyleadingto q Coopersdeath.HestatedthatgunshotwoundA,thewoundtotheback,wasconsistentwithashot Z firedfrombehindCooper.Thedoctorconcededthatthewoundcouldhaveconceivablyoccurred C ifCooperhadbeenlyingonhisrightsideonthegroundwhenhewasshot.Dr.Smithstatedthat ,| thewoundtoCoopersthighmusthavebeencausedbysomeonefacingCooperandcouldnothave e occurredfromsomeonefiringatCoopersback. N   Finally,Dr.SmithstatedthatthewoundtoCoopersbackwas !   8  8`   Notaninstantaneouslyincapacitatingwound,soapersoncouldstill #" remainactive,ormobile,afterreceivingsuchawound.$#` x` x 8  8`   ....]&!%` x` x 8  8`   Itwilltakesometimeforthebleedingtobeginto[a]ffectthebody, /(#' theinterferencewithbreathingtothebody.Soitspossiblefora )h$( persontoremainconsciousandabletoundertakevoluntaryaction, *Q%) forsomeperiodoftime.*:&*` x` x  +#'+ Dr.SmithassertedthatCooperwouldnothavebeenabletowalkorrunaftersustainingthewound  tohisthighbecausethelegwouldnolongerbecapableofeffectivelybearingweight.Dr.Smith  observedthatCoopersbodyshowedsignsthathebledfromtheexitwoundinhisneckandthe  bloodwas expirated,meaningthebloodwasmixedwithairasitexitedthewoundtoCoopers k windpipeasCooperbreathed. T   Afterexaminingthegunshotwounds,Dr.Smithcouldnotdefinitivelysayifthewounds & v werecausedbya.380caliberbulletora9millimeterbullet.Thedoctorexplained, The.380and  _ the9[millimeter]differbyabouttwothousandthsofaninchindiameter.Sotheyreboth  H consideredmediumcaliberweaponsandtheybothhaveenoughenergytoproducethewounds.  1    Thevictimsmother,CherylCooperHarris,testifiedthatshesawhersonforthelasttime   ontheThursdaypriortohisdeath.ShestatedthatCooperwastwentythreeyearsoldatthetime   ofhisdeath,andheleftbehindayoungdaughter.     Basedupontheforegoingproof,thejuryconvictedtheappellantofthelesserincluded W  offenseofseconddegreemurder.Afterasentencinghearing,thetrialcourtimposedthemaximum @ sentenceoftwentyfiveyearsincarceration.Onappeal,theappellantchallengesthesufficiencyof )y theevidencesupportinghisconvictionandthetrialcourtsapplicationofcertainenhancement b factors. K @$ II.Analysis   @A.SufficiencyoftheEvidence     X XXXWFirst,wewilladdressthesufficiencyoftheevidenceunderlyingtheappellantsconviction r forseconddegreemurder.Onappeal,ajuryconvictionremovesthepresumptionoftheappellants [ innocenceandreplacesitwithoneofguilt,sothattheappellantcarriestheburdenofdemonstrating D tothiscourtwhytheevidencewillnotsupportthejurysfindings.SeeStatev.Tuggle,639S.W.2d -} 913,914(Tenn.1982).Theappellantmustestablishthatno reasonabletrieroffactcouldhave f foundtheessentialelementsoftheoffensebeyondareasonabledoubt.SeeJacksonv.Virginia,443 O U.S.307,319,99S.Ct.2781,2789(1979);Tenn.R.App.P.13(e).  8     Accordingly,onappeal,theStateisentitledtothestrongestlegitimateviewoftheevidence " ! andallreasonableinferenceswhichmaybedrawntherefrom.SeeStatev.Williams,657S.W.2d #" 405,410(Tenn.1983).Inotherwords,questionsconcerningthecredibilityofwitnessesandthe $# weightandvaluetobegiventheevidence,aswellasallfactualissuesraisedbytheevidence,are u% $ resolvedbythetrieroffact,andnottheappellatecourts.SeeStatev.Pruett,788S.W.2d559,561 ^&!% (Tenn.1990).#XWX X XM6# G'"&   TennesseeCodeAnnotatedsection3913210(a)(1)(1997)definesseconddegreemurder )i$( astheknowingkillingofanother.TennesseeCodeAnnotatedsection3911302(b)(1997) *R%) provides: *;&*  +$'+ 8  8`    Knowingreferstoapersonwhoactsknowinglywithrespecttothe  conductortocircumstancessurroundingtheconductwhentheperson  isawareofthenatureoftheconductorthatthecircumstancesexist.  Apersonactsknowinglywithrespecttoaresultofthepersons k conductwhenthepersonisawarethattheconductisreasonably T certaintocausetheresult.= ` x` x   Intheinstantcase,theappellantadmittedtoSergeantShemwellthatherepeatedlyfiredhis  _ .380pistolatCoopersbackasCooperwasfleeing,buthedidnotknowifanyofhisbulletsstruck  H Cooper.Dr.Smithstatedthatoneofthewoundswhichcausedthebulkoftheinternaldamage  1  enteredCoopersbackandexitedhisneck.Additionally,SergeantShemwellstatedthatawitness    totheoffenseobservedCooperbleedingasiffromagunshotwoundpriortoturningthecornerof   oneoftheapartmentbuildings.TakingthisproofinthelightmostfavorabletotheState,we   concludethattherewassufficientevidencetosustaintheappellantsconvictionforseconddegree   murder.SeeStatev.Adams,45S.W.3d46,5556(Tenn.Crim.App.2000). n  @#B.Sentencing @    X XXXWFinally,theappellantcomplainsregardingthetrialcourtsapplicationofvarious b enhancementfactors.Generally,appellatereviewofthelength,rangeormannerofserviceofa K sentenceisdenovo.SeeTenn.CodeAnn.4035401(d)(2003).Inconductingitsdenovo 4 review,thiscourtconsidersthefollowingfactors:(1)theevidence,ifany,receivedatthetrialand  thesentencinghearing;(2)thepresentencereport;(3)theprinciplesofsentencingandarguments  astosentencingalternatives;(4)thenatureandcharacteristicsofthecriminalconductinvolved;(5)  evidenceandinformationofferedbythepartiesonenhancementandmitigatingfactors;(6)any  statementbythedefendantinhisownbehalf;and(7)thepotentialforrehabilitationortreatment. q SeeTenn.CodeAnn.4035102,103,210(2003);seealsoStatev.Ashby,823S.W.2d166, Z 168(Tenn.1991).Theburdenisontheappellanttodemonstratetheimproprietyofhissentence(s). C SeeTenn.CodeAnn.4035401,SentencingCommissionComments.Moreover,iftherecord ,| revealsthatthetrialcourtadequatelyconsideredsentencingprinciplesandallrelevantfactsand e circumstances,thiscourtwillaccordthetrialcourtsdeterminationsapresumptionofcorrectness. N Id.at(d);Ashby,823S.W.2dat169.#XWX X XݨC#ԀIntheinstantcase,thetrialcourtinappropriatelyapplied  7 certainenhancementfactorsanddidnotacknowledgeconsiderationofthesentencingprinciples. !   Accordingly,wewillreviewtheappellantssentencepurelydenovo. " !   Theappellantwasfoundguiltyofseconddegreemurder,aClassAfelony.Thetrialcourt $# wasrequiredtobeginitssentencingdeterminationwiththepresumptivesentenceatthemidpoint t% $ oftherange.SeeTenn.CodeAnn.4035210(c)(2003).ForastandardRangeIoffender,the ]&!% sentencingrangeforaClassAfelonyisnotlessthanfifteentonomorethantwentyfiveyears.See F'"& Tenn.CodeAnn.4035112(a)(1)(2003).Thepartiesagreedthattheappellantwasastandard /(#' RangeIoffender;accordingly,thepresumptivesentencewastwentyyears.Id.Thetrialcourtwas )h$( thenrequiredtoincreasethesentenceforanyenhancementfactorsandreducethesentenceforany *Q%) mitigatingfactors.SeeTenn.CodeAnn.4035210(d)and(e). *:&*  +#'+   Intheinstantcase,thetrialcourtfoundnomitigatingfactors.However,thetrialcourtfound  theexistenceofthefollowingenhancementfactors:  8  8`   (2)Thedefendanthasaprevioushistoryofcriminalconvictionsor k criminalbehaviorinadditiontothosenecessarytoestablishthe T appropriaterange;= ` x` x 8  8`   (6)Thedefendanttreatedorallowedavictimtobetreatedwith  _ exceptionalcrueltyduringthecommissionoftheoffense;8@` x` x  H 8  8`   (9)Thedefendanthasaprevioushistoryofunwillingnesstocomply    withtheconditionsofasentenceinvolvingreleaseinthecommunity; ` x` x 8  8`   (10)Thedefendantpossessedoremployedafirearm,explosive   deviceorotherdeadlyweaponduringthecommissionoftheoffense;n ` x` x 8  8`   (11)Thedefendanthadnohesitationaboutcommittingacrimewhen @ therisktohumanlifewashigh;)y` x` x 8  8`   (13)Duringthecommissionofthefelony,thedefendantwillfully K inflictedbodilyinjuryuponanotherperson,ortheactionsofthe 4 defendantresultedinthedeathorseriousbodilyinjurytoavictimor  apersonotherthantheintendedvictim;` x` x 8  8`   (17)Thecrimewascommittedundercircumstancesunderwhichthe  potentialforbodilyinjurytoavictimwasgreat;andq` x` x 8  8`   (21)Thedefendantwasadjudicatedtohavecommittedadelinquent C actoractsasajuvenilethatwouldconstituteafelonyifcommitted ,| byanadult.e` x` x Tenn.CodeAnn.4035114(2),(6),(9)(11),(13),(17),and(21)(2003).  #  3      ׀  7   Intheinitialappellatebriefsfiledintheinstantcase,theappellantconcedes,andtheState " ! agrees,thatthetrialcourtproperlyfoundtheexistenceofenhancementfactors(2),(10),and(21). #" Additionally,theappellantcontendsthatthetrialcourterredinapplyingenhancementfactors(6), $# (9),(11),(13),and(17).TheStateconcedesthetrialcourtserrorinapplyingenhancementfactors t% $ (9),(11),(13),and(17). ]&!%   Priortoourreviewonappeal,theUnitedStatesSupremeCourtreleasedBlakelyv. /(#' Washington,__U.S.__,124S.Ct.2531(2004),whichopinionimpactsTennesseessentencing )h$( structure.SubsequenttotheissuanceofBlakely,theappellantmovedthiscourttoconsiderasan  additionalissueonappealtheimpactoftheBlakelydecisionupontheappellantssentence.This  courtgrantedtheappellantsrequest,andwefurthergrantedtheStatetheopportunitytorespond  totheappellantsargumentsonthisissue. k   ThiscourthasrecentlyrecognizedthatBlakely callsintoquestionthecontinuingvalidity =  ofourcurrentsentencingscheme.Statev.JuliusE.Smith,No.E200301059CCAR3CD,2004 & v WL1606998,at*4(Tenn.Crim.App.atKnoxville,July19,2004);seealsoStatev.MichaelWayne  _ Poe,No.E200300417CCAR3CD,2004WL1607002,at*9(Tenn.Crim.App.atKnoxville,July  H 19,2004).InBlakely,theSupremeCourtheldthat  1  8  8`   the statutorymaximumforApprendi[v.NewJersey,530U.S.466,   490,120S.Ct.2348,236263(2000)]purposesisthemaximum   sentenceajudgemayimposesolelyonthebasisofthefactsreflected   inthejuryverdictoradmittedbythedefendant.Inotherwords,the n  relevant statutorymaximumisnotthemaximumsentenceajudge W  mayimposeafterfindingadditionalfacts,butthemaximumhemay @ imposewithoutanyadditionalfindings.Whenajudgeinflicts )y punishmentthatthejurysverdictalonedoesnotallow,thejuryhas b notfoundallthefacts whichthelawmakesessentialtothe K punishment,andthejudgeexceedshisproperauthority.4` x` x Blakely,__U.S.at__,124S.Ct.at2537(citationsomitted).    Initssupplementalbrief,theStateagainconcedesthatenhancementfactors(9),(11),(13),  and(17)wereimproperlyapplied underthecurrentsentencingscheme.Additionally,theState q admitsthat applicationoffactor(6)wasimpermissibleundertheruleofApprendi.Inlightof Z Blakely,weagreethatthetrialcourtimproperlyappliedenhancementfactors(6),(9),(11),(13),and C (17).However,theStatearguesthat applicationofthreeoftheremainingfactors[(2),(10),and ,| (21)]wasproperunderApprendiandBlakely. e   Clearly,theapplicationofenhancementfactor(2),whichisbasedontheexistenceofa  7 defendantspriorcriminalconvictions,doesnotviolatethedictatesofBlakely.Accordingly,based !   uponBlakelyandthefactsadducedintheinstantcase,weconcludethatthetrialcourtdidnoterr " ! inapplyingenhancementfactor(2)totheappellant. #"   Wenotethat,generally,theconstitutionalityoftheapplicationoftheremainingstatutory t% $ enhancementfactorswithoutsupportingfindingsbyajuryremainstobeseen.SeeStatev.Terry ]&!% LynnByington,No.E200302316CCAR3CD,2004WL1606993,at*4(Tenn.Crim.App.at F'"& Knoxville,July19,2004).However,Blakelyindicatesapprovaloftheuseofenhancementfactors /(#' supportedbyfacts admittedbythedefendant.Blakely,__U.S.at__,124S.Ct.at2537;seealso )h$( Apprendi,530U.S.at490,120S.Ct.at236263.InhisBlakelyargument,theappellantcontends *Q%) thathissentenceshouldbereducedbecausethe trialcourtimposedsentencebaseduponfactsnot *:&* reflectedinthejuryverdictoradmittedbythe[appellant].However,therecordclearlybeliesthis +#'+ contention.AstheStatenotesinitssupplementalbrief,theappellantadmittedattrialandonappeal  thattherewerefactssupportingtheapplicationofenhancementfactors(10)and(21).Accordingly,  weconcludethattherewasnoerrorinapplyingenhancementfactors(2),(10),and(21)tothe  appellant.SeeStatev.StevenM.Stinson,No.E200301720CCAR3CD,2004WL1698203,at k *8(Tenn.Crim.App.atKnoxville,July29,2004);Statev.AntonioFuller,No.M200202377CCA T R3CD,2004WL1562546,at*14n.2(Tenn.Crim.App.atNashville,July13,2004),application =  forperm.toappealfiled,(Sept.2,2004). & v   Regardless,giventheappellantsextensivecriminalhistory,weconcludethatifthe  H applicationofenhancementfactors(10)and(21)wereerror,theapplicationofenhancementfactor  1  (2)alonewasentitledtosufficientweighttowarranttheimpositionofthemaximumsentenceof    twentyfiveyears.SeeStatev.Boggs,932S.W.2d467,47576(Tenn.Crim.App.1996)(stating   thatdeterminingthecorrectlengthofsentenceisnottheresultofamathematicalformula;rather,   itislefttothediscretionofthecourttoassigntheappropriateweighttoexistingfactors).Inother   words,iftheapplicationofenhancementfactors(10)and(21)wereerror,theerrorwasharmless. n  SeeStinson,No.E200301720CCAR3CD,2004WL1698203,at*8. W  @NN" III.Conclusion  )y   Findingnoreversibleerror,weaffirmthejudgmentofthetrialcourt. L 8  8`    ` x` x 8         `     h     ___________________________________     `     h     NORMAMcGEEOGLE,JUDGE