ÿWPC· jÆÛÐ{¯F¶øZ:Â\é‚F¥¤ë(¨ãÇ”štxUâóÕ{àÞü…Xv…¸µð,Äx‹9…,žZ„yö ö¿:ï{+ÐNP`Ì[×”ôRæ¥Gƒ¾wÅ9Kò$~x†Ð,8ImXxÉøDBh©z„©T Ö¤`ŒØœëú˜êu.l+}µk+©w €0—l›ô)¨¯~ áú¸Ð6ë±â÷A®Og­!µLK~ŒúøX¥r«ß1&õW(­÷ÝS”{¬º£-p”H¤c{ dݳ섒 Û.®=˜Ð›CJÇ%D¿‹¤!f‚¦ŽLþ*P¶ÂUͳpÏ#ªé.© 3€è(ð#ᯬuˆ ~‚}ì3æ+êœ Ãk¶3¢rùû_*ä¾XŠ/(#ßúõ°A†ÈÞýmß"Ià×+úÏ£ý‚l0è`Ðoþ\Ôˆ“bÝN”ö5ž¯ýÆJÛÛEü vzª—½cg ‚{Ü6—ñ’¢Ô/Éy†´Í{ >: îU<-¶§å »Ìû¹ï‹»Ð¥ ³Þ~Ã~ÚS‘ÈB—êÆŽ„L§hÙæ ²åާ§°Ö\b %\U@b 0ˆ¢UN*-xUN¥ ^ ó zÿ Òy wK 4O c r Æt Æ: ÆÆÆ mŒN£#Á¥¥Efffffffffffffffffff 0Dhhhhhb¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬ 0ë´´´´ BŸŸ 0¤¼ D3` D-“ 0KÀÀ AS Æ^ 0¤$ 0DÈ A« »(ƒð Z‹(Times New Roman (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular #Ý ƒR¬$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô³=ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔIn€his€brief,€the€Defendant€makes€two€arguments€concerning€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence.€€First,€theÐ ° ÐDefendant€contends€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€a€finding€of€guilt€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt,€and,€second,Ð tÄ Ðthat€the€evidence€at€trial€was€insufficient€to€rebut€the€Defendantððs€claim€of€self„defense.€€We€will€address€these€issuesÐ 8ˆ Ðtogether.(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman Regular¡®Ž+  ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptÖJ~'GRA~13|xLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PCL 6ÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó- ù-(|G2¬$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€e»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô³=ò»»Ô d(|3ÿj$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€e»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3ÿj$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€e»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€e»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼e»»»ÔÑ8€B9XXdì»»d8Ñà@ttìàÔ‡îeÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@kk$ìàAT€NASHVILLEÔ#†¼e»îî #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àAssigned€on€Briefs€November€28,€2001Ð üL ÐÔ‡XB9X»¼eÔÌò òÔ#†¼e»XXB9"#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE€v.€CHARLES€W.€JONESÔ‡XB9X»¼eÔó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò ò€Appeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Davidson€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€99„D„2321€€€€€€Steve€R.€Dozier,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€M2001„00353„CCA„R3„CD€„€Filed€December€13,€Ô_Ô2001Ô_ÔÐ ¥õ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓÔ‡XB9XXXB9ÔThe€Defendant,€Charles€William€Jones,€was€convicted€of€second€degree€murder€in€the€CriminalÐ xÈ  ÐCourt€of€Davidson€County.€€After€a€sentencing€hearing,€the€trial€court€sentenced€the€Defendant€toÐ d´ Ðtwenty„two€years€in€the€Department€of€Correction.€€In€this€appeal,€the€Defendant€contends€that€(1)Ð P  Ðthe€evidence€presented€at€trial€was€insufficient€to€support€a€finding€of€guilt€beyond€a€reasonableÐ <Œ Ðdoubt׃×Ý ƒ)#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€and€(2)€the€trial€court€improperly€applied€two€enhancement€factors€in€sentencing€theÐ (x ÐDefendant.€€We€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.Ð d ÐÔ#†XB9XXXB9¿#ÔÔ#†¼e»XXB9Ž#ÔÔ‡XB9X»¼eÔÌÓ³ÓÌò òTenn.€€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Criminal€Court€Affirmedó óÐ Ø( ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼e»àXB9#ÔÔ‡XB9X.¼eÔDavid€H.€Welles,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòJerry€L.€Smithóó€and€òòNormaÐ ° ÐMcGee€Ogle,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð œì ÐÌSam€E.€Wallace,€Jr.,€Nashville,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Charles€W.€Jones.Ð tÄ ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€P.€Robin€Dixon,€Jr.,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð L œ ÐVictor€S.€Johnson,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Jon€Ô_ÔSeaborgÔ_Ô,€Assistant€District€Attorney€General,Ð 8!ˆ  Ðfor€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð $"t! ÐÓ¤ÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONÐ ü#L# ÐÌó óÔ#†¼e»XXB9Ó#ÔòòóóÓ  ÓÔ€XB9X»¼eÔòòÔ‡XB9XXXB9Ôóóà  àOn€July€2,€1999,€the€Defendant€and€three€or€four€other€young€men€entered€a€housing€projectÐ Ô%$!% Ðin€Nashville.€€Earlier€in€the€day,€the€young€men€had€attended€a€cook„out€in€the€housing€project€whereÐ À&"& Ða€fight€had€occurred.€€Marcus€Fitzgerald€was€driving€his€motherððs€black€Cadillac€automobile€withÐ ¬'ü"' Ðthe€Defendant€sitting€in€the€front€passengerððs€seat.€€Michael€Fanning€and€Corey€Smith€were€sittingÐ ˜(è#(ý Ðin€the€back€seat€of€the€car.€€At€approximately€midnight,€the€car€pulled€to€the€side€of€a€road€within€theÐ ° Ðhousing€project€in€order€for€Mr.€Fitzgerald€to€talk€with€a€friend,€Wesley€Holmes.Ð œì ÐÌà  àMr.€Holmes€was€standing€with€a€group€of€people€which€included€Justin€Brown,€MontezÐ tÄ ÐMayberry,€Cory€Bryant,€and€Eric€Harvey,€the€victim.€€Mr.€Holmes€approached€the€car€and€beganÐ `° Ðtalking€with€Mr.€Fitzgerald.€€During€the€conversation,€words€were€exchanged€between€the€DefendantÐ L œ Ðand€members€of€the€crowd€and€a€single€shot€was€fired.€€The€Defendant€and€the€individuals€inside€theÐ 8 ˆ Ðcar€testified€that€the€single€shot€was€fired€by€someone€outside€their€vehicle€and€that€they€thoughtÐ $ t Ðsomeone€was€shooting€at€the€car.€€The€witnesses€standing€near€the€victim€testified€that€the€DefendantÐ  ` Ðfired€the€single€shot€into€the€air€and€that€no€shots€were€fired€except€by€the€Defendant.Ð ü L  ÐÌà  àAfter€the€single€shot€was€fired,€the€Defendant€and€the€group€standing€nearby€again€exchangedÐ Ô$  Ðwords.€€The€Defendant€then€stood€up€through€the€sunroof€of€the€Cadillac€and€began€firing€into€theÐ À  Ðcrowd.€€One€of€the€bullets€struck€the€victim.€€The€victim€later€died€of€the€gunshot€wound.Ð ¬ü  ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€testified€that€one€of€the€members€of€the€crowd€threatened€him.€€The€DefendantÐ „Ô  Ðstated€that€Mr.€Brown€told€him€that€he€would€ð ðbe€right€back€with€[his]€gun.ðð€€At€this€point,€theÐ pÀ ÐDefendant€contends€that€he€fired€several€shots€into€the€air€through€the€sunroof€and€directed€Mr.Ð \¬ ÐFitzgerald€to€drive€away.€€The€Defendant€maintained€that€he€did€not€shoot€into€the€crowd€and€thatÐ H˜ Ðhe€did€not€intend€to€hurt€anyone.€€The€Defendant€presented€evidence€that€Michael€Johannes,€aÐ 4„ Ðpassenger€in€another€car,€fired€once€into€the€crowd,€and€was€later€overheard€admitting€to€the€murderÐ  p Ðof€the€victim.Ð  \ ÐÌà  àMetro€Police€officers€arrived€within€minutes€and€discovered€six€.9€millimeter€shell€casings.€Ð ä4 ÐTwo€more€.9€millimeter€shell€casings€were€later€found€under€the€hood€of€Mr.€Fitzgeraldððs€car.€€SteveÐ Ð  ÐScott€of€the€Tennessee€Bureau€of€Investigation€testified€that€all€of€the€shell€casings€were€fired€fromÐ ¼  Ðthe€same€weapon.Ð ¨ø ÐÌÓ  Óò òSUFFICIENCYó óÐ €Ð ÐÌÓøÓà  àThe€Defendant€first€contends€that€the€evidence€presented€by€the€State€at€trial€was€insufficientÐ X ¨ Ðto€convict€him€of€a€knowing€killing€as€required€in€a€second€degree€murder€case.€€Additionally,€theÐ D!” ÐDefendant€suggests€that€because€his€claim€of€self„defense€was€unrebutted€by€the€State,€the€jury€wasÐ 0"€  Ðrequired€to€find€that€he€acted€in€self„defense.€€We€must€respectfully€disagree€with€the€DefendantððsÐ #l! Ðcontentions.Ð $X" ÐÌà  àTennessee€Rule€of€Appellate€Procedure€13(e)€prescribes€that€ð ð[f]indings€of€guilt€in€criminalÐ à%0!$ Ðactions€whether€by€the€trial€court€or€jury€shall€be€set€aside€if€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€supportÐ Ì&"% Ðthe€findings€by€the€trier€of€fact€of€guilt€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.ðð€€Evidence€is€sufficient€if,€afterÐ ¸'#& Ðreviewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€prosecution,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€couldÐ ¤(ô#' Ðhave€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòSeeóó€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,Ð )à$( Ð443€U.S.€307,€319€(1979);€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€24€S.W.3d€274,€278€(Tenn.€2000).€€In€addition,€becauseÐ |*Ì%) Ðconviction€by€a€trier€of€fact€destroys€the€presumption€of€innocence€and€imposes€a€presumption€ofÐ h+¸&* Ðguilt,€a€convicted€criminal€defendant€bears€the€burden€of€showing€that€the€evidence€was€insufficient.€Ð ° ÐòòSeeóó€òòMcBee€v.€Stateóó,€372€S.W.2d€173,€176€(Tenn.€1963);€òòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Buggsóó,€995€S.W.2d€102,Ð œì Ð105„06€(Tenn.€1999);€òòState€v.€Evansóó,€838€S.W.2d€185,€191€(Tenn.€1992);òòóó€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639Ð ˆØ ÐS.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).òòóóÐ tÄ ÐÌà  àIn€its€review€of€the€evidence,€an€appellate€court€must€afford€the€State€ð ðthe€strongest€legitimateÐ L œ Ðview€of€the€evidence€as€well€as€all€reasonable€and€legitimate€inferences€that€may€be€drawnÐ 8 ˆ Ðtherefrom.ðð€€òòTuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€at€914;òòóó€òòsee€alsoóó€òòSmithóó,€24€S.W.3d€at€279.€€The€court€may€not€ð ðre„Ð $ t Ðweigh€or€re„evaluate€the€evidenceðð€in€the€record€below.€€òòEvansóó,€838€S.W.2d€at€191;€òòsee€alsoóó€òòBuggsóó,Ð  ` Ð995€S.W.2d€at€105.òòóó€€Likewise,€should€the€reviewing€court€find€particular€conflicts€in€the€trialÐ ü L  Ðtestimony,€the€court€must€resolve€them€in€favor€of€the€jury€verdict€or€trial€court€judgment.€€òòTuggleóó,Ð è 8  Ð639€S.W.2d€at€914.€€All€questions€involving€the€credibility€of€witnesses,€the€weight€and€value€to€beÐ Ô$  Ðgiven€the€evidence,€and€all€factual€issues€are€resolved€by€the€trier€of€fact,€not€the€appellate€courts.€Ð À  ÐòòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Morrisóó,€24€S.W.3d€788,€795€(Tenn.€2000);€€òòState€v.€Pappasóó,€754€S.W.2d€620,€623€(Tenn.Ð ¬ü  ÐCrim.€App.€1987).Ô#†XB9XXXB9ç #ÔÔ‡XB9XXXB9ÔÐ ˜è  Ðò òÔ#†XB9XXXB96$#ÔÔ‡XB9XXXB9Ôó óÌà  àMr.€Fitzgerald,€Mr.€Smith,€and€Mr.€Fanning,€who€were€all€in€the€car€with€the€Defendant,Ð pÀ Ðtestified€that€they€saw€the€Defendant€go€through€the€sunroof€and€then€immediately€heard€gunfire.€Ð \¬ ÐMr.€Mayberry,€the€Defendantððs€cousin,€was€standing€next€to€the€victim€at€the€time€of€the€shootingÐ H˜ Ðand€testified€that€he€saw€the€Defendant€rise€through€the€sunroof€with€a€gun€in€his€hand€and€shoot€intoÐ 4„ Ðthe€crowd.€€Mr.€Bryant,€the€victimððs€best€friend,€also€testified€that€he€saw€the€Defendant€fire€a€shotÐ  p Ðinto€the€air€and€then€begin€shooting€into€the€crowd.€€Metro€Police€found€.9€millimeter€shell€casingsÐ  \ Ðfired€from€a€single€gun€at€the€scene€of€the€crime€and€under€the€hood€of€the€car€in€which€theÐ øH ÐDefendant€was€riding.€€Based€on€the€above€facts,€we€find€sufficient€evidence€to€support€the€juryððsÐ ä4 Ðverdict€of€guilty€of€second€degree€murder€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€further€contends€that€the€State€did€not€sufficiently€rebut€his€self„defense€claim.€Ð ¨ø ÐWhen€self„defense€is€raised€by€a€defendant,€the€State€has€the€burden€of€proving€beyond€a€reasonableÐ ”ä Ðdoubt€that€a€defendant€did€not€act€in€self-defense.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Belseróó,€945€S.W.2d€776,€782Ð €Ð Ð(Tenn.Crim.App.€1996).€€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39-11-201(a)(3)€provides€that€ð ðNoÐ l¼ Ðperson€may€be€convicted€of€an€offense€unless....€[t]he€negation€of€any€defense€to€an€offense€definedÐ X ¨ Ðin€this€titleðð€is€proven€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€Self-defense€qualifies€as€such€a€defense.€€òòSeeóó€Ð D!” ÐTenn.Code€Ann.€ðððð€39-11-601€and€39-11-611.Ð 0"€  ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€relies€upon€the€testimony€of€the€passengers€in€the€car€to€establish€his€self„Ð $X" Ðdefense€claim.€€Marcus€Fitzgerald,€Michael€Fanning,€Corey€Smith,€and€the€Defendant€all€testifiedÐ ô$D # Ðthat€they€were€frightened€and€believed€that€someone€was€shooting€at€their€car.€€The€DefendantÐ à%0!$ Ðtestified€that€he€fired€his€gun€into€the€air€in€order€to€frighten€the€attackers€and€allow€time€for€Mr.Ð Ì&"% ÐFitzgerald€to€drive€them€to€safety.Ð ¸'#& ÐÌà  àThis€testimony€is€directly€in€conflict€with€the€testimony€presented€by€the€State.€€Mr.€MayberryÐ )à$( Ðand€Mr.€Bryant€testified€that€they€saw€the€Defendant€rise€through€the€sunroof€and€fire€directly€intoÐ |*Ì%) Ðthe€crowd.€€Mr.€Bryant€was€actually€struck€in€the€face€with€broken€glass€from€the€windshield€of€theÐ h+¸&* Ðcar€behind€which€he€was€hiding.€€Mr.€Bryant€also€testified€that€he€saw€the€Defendant€fire€the€firstÐ ° Ðshot.€€It€is€clear€from€the€verdict€that€the€jury€credited€the€testimony€of€Mr.€Bryant€and€Mr.€Mayberry.Ð œì ÐÌà  àA€defense€of€self-defense€is€a€question€for€the€exclusive€determination€of€the€jury.€€òòSeeóó€€òòStateÐ tÄ Ðv.€Goodeóó,€956€S.W.2d€521,€527€(Tenn.Crim.App.€1997);€òòState€v.€Ivyóó,€868€S.W.2d€724,€727Ð `° Ð(Tenn.Crim.App.€1993).€€We€find€ample€evidence€within€the€record€to€support€the€rejection€of€theÐ L œ ÐDefendantððs€self„defense€claim.€Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌà  àAccordingly,€we€find€that€there€is€sufficient€evidence€within€the€record€to€support€theÐ  ` ÐDefendantððs€conviction€for€second€degree€murder€and€further€that€the€State€adequately€rebutted€theÐ ü L  ÐDefendantððs€self„defense€claim.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.Ð è 8  Ðà  à€Ð Ô$  ÐÓ  Óò òSENTENCINGó óÐ À  ÐÌÓ3Óà  àFinally,€the€Defendant€challenges€the€trial€courtððs€imposition€of€a€twenty„two€year€sentence.€Ð ˜è  ÐSpecifically,€the€Defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€applying€enhancement€factor€nineÐ „Ô  Ð(9),€that€the€Defendant€possessed€or€employed€a€deadly€weapon€during€the€commission€of€theÐ pÀ Ðoffense,€because€that€factor€is€encompassed€in€the€offense€itself,€and€enhancement€factor€ten€(10),Ð \¬ Ðthat€the€defendant€showed€no€hesitation€in€committing€a€crime€with€great€risk€to€human€life,€becauseÐ H˜ Ðthe€State€did€not€charge€the€Defendant€with€any€offenses€involving€danger€to€bystanders.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.Ð 4„ ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114€(9),€(10).€€The€Defendant€also€contends€that€his€sentence€should€be€mitigatedÐ  p Ðbecause€he€acted€in€self„defense€and€because€he€has€been€shot€twice€in€apparent€retaliation€for€theÐ  \ Ðkilling€of€the€victim€in€this€case.Ð øH ÐÌà  àWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€length,€range,€or€manner€of€service€of€a€sentence,€this€CourtÐ Ð  Ðhas€a€duty€to€conduct€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€of€the€sentence€with€a€presumption€that€the€determinationsÐ ¼  Ðmade€by€the€trial€court€are€correct.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€This€presumption€isÐ ¨ø Ðð ðconditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencingÐ ”ä Ðprinciples€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances.ðð€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.Ð €Ð Ð1991).Ð l¼ ÐÌà  àWhen€conducting€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€of€a€sentence,€this€Court€must€consider:€(a)€the€evidence,Ð D!” Ðif€any,€received€at€the€trial€and€sentencing€hearing;€(b)€the€presentence€report;€(c)€the€principles€ofÐ 0"€  Ðsentencing€and€arguments€as€to€sentencing€alternatives;€(d)€the€nature€and€characteristics€of€theÐ #l! Ðcriminal€conduct€involved;€(e)€any€statutory€mitigating€or€enhancement€factors;€(f)€any€statementÐ $X" Ðmade€by€the€defendant€regarding€sentencing;€and€(g)€the€potential€or€lack€of€potential€forÐ ô$D # Ðrehabilitation€or€treatment.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€40„35„102,€„103,€„210Ô#†XB9XXXB9$#ÔÔ‡XB9XXXB9Ô;€òòState€v.€Breweróó,€875Ð à%0!$ ÐS.W.2d€298,€302€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993);€òòState€v.€Thomasóó,€755€S.W.2d€838,€844€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð Ì&"% ÐApp.€1988).Ð ¸'#& ÐÌà  àIf€our€review€reflects€that€the€trial€court€followed€the€statutory€sentencing€procedure,€that€theÐ )à$( Ðcourt€imposed€a€lawful€sentence€after€having€given€due€consideration€and€proper€weight€to€theÐ |*Ì%) Ðfactors€and€principles€set€out€under€the€sentencing€law,€and€that€the€trial€courtððs€findings€of€fact€areÐ h+¸&* Ðadequately€supported€by€the€record,€then€we€may€not€modify€the€sentence€even€if€we€would€haveÐ ° Ðpreferred€a€different€result.€€òòState€v.€Pikeóó,€978€S.W.2d€904,€926„27€(Tenn.€1998);€òòState€v.€Fletcheróó,Ð œì Ð805€S.W.2d€785,€789€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).Ð ˆØ ÐÔ#†XB9XXXB97=#ÔÔ‡XB9XXXB9Ôà  àThe€Defendantððs€contention€that€the€use€of€a€firearm€is€included€within€the€offense€of€secondÐ tÄ Ðdegree€murder€is€without€merit.€€Second€degree€murder€is€defined€as€ð ða€knowing€killing€of€another.ðð€Ð `° ЀTenn.Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„210(a)(1).€€Possession€or€use€of€a€firearm€during€the€offense€is€not€anÐ L œ Ðelement€of€second€degree€murder€and€may€be€applied€to€enhance€a€defendantððs€sentence.€€òòSeeóó€òòStateÐ 8 ˆ Ðv.€Hamptonóó,€24€S.W.3d€823,€831€(Tenn.Crim.App.€2000);€òòState€v.€Sheltonóó,€854€S.W.2d€116,€123Ð $ t Ð(Tenn.Crim.App.€2000).Ð  ` ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€also€argues€that€the€Court€erred€in€enhancing€his€sentence€based€upon€a€lackÐ è 8  Ðof€hesitation€in€committing€a€crime€where€the€risk€to€human€life€was€great.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ð Ô$  Ððð€40„35„114(10).€€The€Defendant€contends€this€enhancement€factor€is€not€applicable€because€theÐ À  ÐDefendant€was€not€charged€with€any€offense€involving€one€of€the€many€bystanders.€€We€mustÐ ¬ü  Ðrespectfully€disagree.Ð ˜è  ÐÌà  àThe€legislature€has€placed€only€two€limitations€on€a€trial€courtððs€application€of€enhancementÐ pÀ Ðfactors€under€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€40-35-114.€€First,€the€factor€must€be€ð ðappropriateÐ \¬ Ðfor€the€offense,ðð€and,€second,€it€must€not€be€an€essential€element€of€the€offense.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€CodeÐ H˜ ÐAnn.€ðð€40-35-114;€òòState€v.€Jonesóó,€883€S.W.2d€597,€603€(Tenn.€1994).€€In€the€present€case,€theÐ 4„ Ðevidence€showed€that€the€Defendant€fired€a€.9€millimeter€handgun€into€a€crowd€of€ten€to€fifteenÐ  p Ðpeople.€€The€Defendant€was€convicted€of€second€degree€murder€for€the€killing€of€one€of€the€membersÐ  \ Ðof€that€crowd.€€Finding€that€the€Defendant€showed€no€hesitation€in€committing€an€offense€in€whichÐ øH Ðthe€risk€to€the€lives€of€every€other€member€of€that€crowd€was€high€was€an€appropriate€and€clearlyÐ ä4 Ðsupported€finding€by€the€trial€court.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Binghamóó,€910€S.W.2d€448,€452€(Tenn.Crim.App.Ð Ð  Ð1995);€òòState€v.€Lambertóó,€741€S.W.2d€127,€134€(Tenn.Crim.App.1987)€(application€of€enhancementÐ ¼  Ðfactor€(10)€upheld€in€a€vehicular€homicide€by€intoxication€case€where,€prior€to€striking€the€victims,Ð ¨ø Ðthe€defendant€recklessly€drove€through€streets€and€sidewalks€crowded€with€people);€òòState€v.€OnealÐ ”ä ÐSanfordóó,€No.€E1999„02089„CCA„R3„CD,€2001€WL€68312€at€*9€(Ô_ÔTenn.Crim.AppÔ_Ô.,€Knoxville,€JuneÐ €Ð Ð18,€2001)€òòóó(application€of€enhancement€factor€(10)€upheld€when€there€was€a€great€risk€to€the€life€ofÐ l¼ Ðsomeone€other€than€the€victim€of€the€criminally€negligent€homicide).Ð X ¨ ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€finally€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€not€mitigating€his€sentenceÐ 0"€  Ðbecause€he€acted€in€self„defense€and€because€he€has€been€shot€twice€in€apparent€retaliation€for€theÐ #l! Ðdeath€of€the€victim.€€The€Defendantððs€self„defense€claim€was€rejected€by€the€jury€and€we€find€noÐ $X" Ðerror€by€the€trial€court€in€refusing€to€consider€that€claim€in€mitigating€the€Defendantððs€sentence.€€TheÐ ô$D # Ðtrial€court€also€found€that€the€Defendantððs€injuries€incurred€in€apparent€retaliation€for€the€killing€ofÐ à%0!$ Ðthe€victim€had€no€bearing€on€the€Defendantððs€sentence.€€We€find€no€error€in€the€trial€courtððs€decision.Ð Ì&"% ÐÌà  àAccordingly,€the€trial€court€properly€sentenced€the€Defendant€to€twenty„two€years€in€theÐ ¤(ô#' ÐDepartment€of€Correction.Ð )à$( ÐÌÐ  h+¸&* ÐÓ  Óò òCONCLUSIONÐ ° Ðó óÌÓxPÓà  àFor€the€foregoing€reasons,€we€find€that€the€evidence€sufficiently€supports€the€DefendantððsÐ ˆØ Ðconviction€for€second€degree€murder€and€the€trial€court€properly€sentenced€the€Defendant.€€TheÐ tÄ Ðjudgment€of€the€trial€court€is€AFFIRMED.Ô#†XB9XXXB9í@#ÔÔ‡XB9XXXB9ÔÐ `° ÐÔ#†XB9XXXB9öQ#ÔÌÌÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð è 8  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àDAVID€H.€WELLES,€JUDGE