ÿWPCü {˜}ùI‹¢7#ŸÆCåÖÑ”Év”ì•°v÷'ìÜ£kª¼Ì„šcÚc³Yøt£þgEâ±ø\”Mß­9’Ç/¤$†d'å ={@ £+hžp™e¿¼Úî`¤g¿ ‹–s÷äüsK\=2ö$‚ew¢š*SÚH%>ò%ý ŽüÓ‡+6Ô–ƒA¬bØëQžx ö¯™÷H¯¡)< Ü–Q<ž5"þ@hf㸩µ!É'2Ä?ÌØ“çñëT KÔXýÍ ‰í8¶9üž"\¹èÛÊ»HÃÂù8FoJ•$¢ö&*9ܯ//ô¯â2âº3¶ÝgÝÂÄWúÿ;üÚ”mg0m´ã×ÃÄÁÎÐ?m2f>Îw,üž#ù@ÅF¢Êrjd_sÖA¥IR =§ür(› Wlé%hö`#–x}éûÆÃ2Z'ÑËÕDÿ.P©ÑÀpòûŠ\c[9?r~ͯ³æ{ã|¿æàª±#‚Ñzû ÷nú`y¸‘üUØ%](WäYδÃꎧ„v:4ÇË_ïüg@ª©!z†K´Ø Ën–ãT‚Vð>aK§3€‹0˜tóI˱Y:º‡VMÎ:|o7 ^W¹&¯úNž¿~I2b#Á\ % ^ # 0ˆ/ U,N· w 4 z Ò— i x mz U N‘ Æß Æ¥ Æk Æ1÷÷Nî 0Dðð4E$$·&&&ÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝbïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïï 0ë÷÷÷÷ Bââ 0¤ÿ D5£ D-Ø 0K ASPÆ£ 0¤i 0D  A«Q˜HP LaserJet 8000 Series PSØÚØÚÚØØÚ0»îsŒ)â (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular"q~)@áì3ª(ª ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 íÝ ƒRŸJ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô= ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ_ÔLeandreÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔMaclinÔ_Ô€is€the€victim€the€felony€murder.(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó æÝ ƒRŸJ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô= ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔChristopher€Ô_ÔBurchetteÔ_Ô€is€the€victim€of€first€degree€premeditated€murder. ­Ý ƒRŸJ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô= ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔAnthony€Phillips€is€the€Defendantððs€brother. Ý ƒRŸJ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô= ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€murder€of€Ô_ÔLeandreÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔMaclinÔ_Ô€was€committed€during€the€course€of€a€robbery.- ù-(|G2ŸJ$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Gü»»d d 8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô> ò»»Ô d(|3N$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Gü»»d d 8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV)ÿÿ!dxdx)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3N$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Gü»»d d 8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Ql»»d dÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼Ql»»»ÔÑ8€:lXXdê»»d 8Ñà@ttìàÔ‡î£î»¼QlÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@õõ%ìàAT€JACKSONÔ#†¼Ql»îî£ #ÔˆÐ Ì ÐÓ  ÓAssigned€on€Briefs,€à @ àà @` àMay€9,€2000Ð è8 ÐÔ‡X:lX»¼QlÔÌò òÔ#†¼Ql»XX:l#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóó€v.€Ô_ÔDEWAYNEÔ_Ô€JORDANÔ‡X:lX»¼QlÔó óÐ Þ. ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Shelby€CountyÐ Ö & Ðà@@øøìàNo.€97„03036„38€€€€€€Joseph€Dailey,€JudgeÐ À  ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<}` AßÐ ~Î  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€W1999„01693„CCA„R3„CD€„€Filed€December€6,€2000Ð wÇ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<J` AßÐ K›  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓÔ‡ X7ëXXX:lÔThe€Defendant,€Ô_ÔDewayneÔ_Ô€Jordan,€was€found€guilty€by€a€Shelby€County€jury€of€first€degreeÐ D”  Ðpremeditated€murder€of€one€victim,€first€degree€felony€murder€of€a€second€victim€and€aggravatedÐ 0€ Ðrobbery.€€The€Defendant€was€sentenced€to€two€consecutive€life€sentences€for€the€murder€convictionsÐ l Ðand€to€ten€years€imprisonment€for€the€aggravated€robbery€conviction.€€The€ten„year€sentence€was€toÐ X Ðbe€served€concurrently€with€the€two€life€sentences.€€The€Defendant€now€appeals€his€convictions,Ð ôD Ðraising€the€following€issues:€(1)€whether€there€was€sufficient€evidence€to€convict€the€Defendant€ofÐ à0 Ðfirst€degree€premeditated€murder,€first€degree€felony€murder€and€aggravated€robbery,€(2)€whether€theÐ Ì Ðtrial€court€properly€admitted€the€Defendantððs€statement€into€evidence,€and€(3)€whether€the€trial€courtÐ ¸ Ðproperly€ordered€that€the€Defendantððs€two€life€sentences€be€served€consecutively.€€We€affirm€theÐ ¤ô Ðjudgment€of€the€trial€court.Ô#†X:lXX X7ë¿#ÔÔ#†¼Ql»XX:l«#ÔÔ‡X:lX»¼QlÔÐ à ÐÓ³ÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Criminal€Court€Affirmed.ó óÐ f¶ ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼Ql»àX:l‰ #ÔÔ‡X:lX.¼QlÔRobert€W.€Ô_ÔWedemeyerÔ_Ô,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòJerry€L.€Smithóó€and€òòJamesÐ :Š ÐÔ_ÔCurwoodÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔWittÔ_Ô,€Jr.,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð $t ÐÌTony€N.€Ô_ÔBraytonÔ_Ô,€Assistant€Public€Defender€and€Dianne€Ô_ÔThackeryÔ_Ô,€Assistant€Public€Defender,€forÐ ø H  Ðthe€appellant,€Ô_ÔDewayneÔ_Ô€Jordan.Ð â!2! ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter,€€J.€Ross€Dyer,€Assistant€Attorney€General,Ð ¶## ÐWilliam€L.€Gibbons,€District€Attorney€General,€Jerry€Harris,€Assistant€District€Attorney€General,Ð  $ð$ Ðand€Lee€V.€Coffee,€Assistant€District€Attorney€General€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð Š%Ú % ÐÓ< ÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼Ql»XX:lk #ÔÔ‡X:lX»¼QlÔÐ ^'®"' ÐÌâ âòòóóÔ#†¼Ql»XX:lQ#ÔÔ‡X:lX»¼QlÔÓ  ÓÔ‡ X7ëXXX:lÔÓÓà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àÐ 2)‚$)ý: ÐÓÓà  àIn€March€1999,€a€Shelby€County€jury€convicted€the€Defendant€of€aggravated€robbery€ofÐ ° ÐTimothy€Woods,€first€degree€(felony)€murderÔ_Ô׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ô_Ô€of€Ô_ÔLeandreÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔMaclinÔ_Ô,€and€first€degree€(premeditated)Ð œì Ðâ âmurder€of€Christopher€Ô_ÔBurchetteÔ_Ô.€€The€Defendant€now€appeals€his€convictions,€arguing€theÐ ˆØ Ðfollowing:€(1)€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€admitting€the€Defendantððs€statement€into€evidence;Ô#†X:lXX X7ëä#ÔÔ‡ X7ëXXX:lÔÔ#† ¼v? »X X7ë¹#ÔÔ‡ X7ëX » ¼v?Ô€(2)€thatÐ tÄ Ðthere€was€insufficient€evidence€to€convict€the€Defendant€of€first€degree€murder,€felony€murder€andÐ `° Ðaggravated€robbery;Ô#† ¼v? »X X7ë™#ÔÔ‡ X7ëX » ¼v?ÔÔ#†X:lXX X7ëW#ÔÔ‡ X7ëXXX:lÔ€and€(3)€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€ordering€that€the€Defendantððs€two€lifeÐ L œ Ðsentences€be€served€consecutively.€€We€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.Ô#†X:lXX X7ëÅ#ÔÔ‡ X7ëXXX:lÔÔ#† ¼v? »X X7ëƒ#ÔÔ‡ X7ëX » ¼v?ÔÐ 8 ˆ ÐÌà@dd&ìàI.€FACTSˆÐ  ` ÐÌà  àOn€October€28,€1996,€the€Defendant,€Ô_ÔDewayneÔ_Ô€Jordan,€went€to€Michael€Lawrenceððs€houseÐ è 8  Ðwith€Anthony€Phillips׃X×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€and€Eric€Chambers.€€Phillips€wanted€Lawrence€to€check€the€brakes€on€his€car.€Ð Ô$  ÐAfter€Lawrence€inspected€the€car,€Phillips€asked€Lawrence€where€they€could€get€some€marijuana.€Ð À  ÐLawrence€said€that€they€could€probably€get€some€on€Lamar€Circle.€€Lawrence€then€agreed€to€take€theÐ ¬ü  Ðthree€men€to€get€some€marijuana.€€On€the€way€to€Lamar€Circle,€Phillips€decided€to€page€TimothyÐ ˜è  ÐWoods,€a€cocaine€dealer,€to€get€some€ð ðsticky€stuff,ðð€i.e.,€moist€marijuana.€€At€Chambersðð€direction,Ð „Ô  ÐLawrence€drove€the€three€men€to€Ô_ÔLeandreÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔMaclinÔ_Ôððs׃è×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€home€and€parked€on€the€street.€€Phillips,Ð pÀ ÐChambers€and€the€Defendant€got€out€of€the€car€and€walked€towards€the€house.€€A€few€minutes€laterÐ \¬ ÐTimothy€Woods€pulled€into€the€driveway.Ð H˜ ÐÌà  à€€Woods€testified€that€when€he€pulled€into€Ô_ÔMaclinÔ_Ôððs€driveway,€Chambers,€Phillips€and€theÐ  p ÐDefendant€approached€the€car.€€Chambers€then€pulled€a€gun€on€Woods.€€At€some€point,€Ô_ÔMaclinÔ_Ô€cameÐ  \ Ðoutside,€and€Woods€was€able€to€run€to€a€nearby€store€and€call€his€cousin.€€Woods€left€the€keys,Ð øH Ðincluding€those€to€his€apartment,€in€the€ignition€of€his€car.€€Woods€testified€that€as€he€was€running,Ð ä4 Ðhe€heard€five€or€six€gunshots.€Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€took€Ô_ÔMaclinÔ_Ô€to€the€car€where€Lawrence€was€waiting.€€Lawrence€noticed€thatÐ ¨ø Ðthe€Defendant€had€a€gun€and€told€the€Defendant€that€he€did€not€want€to€be€a€part€of€a€shooting.€€TheÐ ”ä ÐDefendant€told€Lawrence€to€shut€up€and€drive.€€The€Defendant€then€asked€Ô_ÔMaclinÔ_Ô€where€WoodsÐ €Ð Ðstayed.€€Ô_ÔMaclinÔ_Ô€replied,€ð ð[Ô_ÔY]ouÔ_Ô€all€know€Iððm€straight.€€Iððm€going€to€run€you€out€here€and€get€youÐ l¼ Ðstraight.ðð€€Lawrence€drove€the€Defendant€and€Ô_ÔMaclinÔ_Ô€to€Woodsðð€apartment.€Chambers€and€PhillipsÐ X ¨ Ðfollowed€in€Woodsðð€car.€Ð D!” ÐÌà  àIn€the€meantime,€Woods€went€back€to€Ô_ÔMaclinÔ_Ôððs€home€and€noticed€that€his€car€was€missing.€Ð #l! Ðâ âWoodsðð€cousin,€Terry€Jones,€took€Woods€to€his€grandmotherððs€home€where€he€called€the€police€andÐ $X" Ðreported€that€his€car€had€been€stolen.€€Woods€also€called€his€roommate,€Christopher€Ô_ÔBurchetteÔ_Ô,Ô_Ô׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ô_Ô€toÐ ° Ðâ âtell€him€what€had€happened.€€Ð œì ÐÌà  àWhen€the€Defendant€arrived€at€Woodsðð€apartment,€he€told€Ô_ÔMaclinÔ_Ô€to€get€out€of€the€car.€€TheÐ tÄ ÐDefendant€then€took€the€keys€to€Woodsðð€apartment€and€told€Lawrence€that€he€would€be€back€soon.€Ð `° ÐThe€Defendant,€Ô_ÔMaclinÔ_Ô,€Chambers€and€Phillips€all€went€into€Woodsðð€apartment.€€Approximately€Ð L œ Ðfifteen€minutes€later,€the€Defendant€and€Chambers€returned€to€the€car€and€told€Lawrence€to€leave.€Ð 8 ˆ ÐHowever,€before€Lawrence€was€able€to€drive€very€far,€the€Defendant€told€Lawrence€to€stop€and€waitÐ $ t Ðfor€Phillips.€€When€Phillips€appeared€and€entered€the€car,€the€Defendant,€Lawrence,€Phillips€andÐ  ` ÐChambers€drove€away.€€As€he€was€driving,€Lawrence€was€told€by€one€of€the€men€ð ðyou€donððt€knowÐ ü L  Ðshit€about€nothing.€€And€if€you€say€something€youððre€going€to€be€in€trouble€and€your€family,€too.ððÐ è 8  ÐÌà  àLater,€Woods€and€his€cousin€went€to€Woodsðð€apartment.€€Woods€went€inside€while€his€cousinÐ À  Ðwaited€in€the€parking€lot.€€When€Woods€entered€the€apartment,€he€saw€Ô_ÔBurchetteÔ_Ô€lying€face„downÐ ¬ü  Ðon€the€floor.€€He€noticed€that€the€apartment€had€been€ransacked.€€Woods€then€went€into€the€bedroomÐ ˜è  Ðand€saw€Ô_ÔMaclinÔ_Ô€face„down€in€the€bedroom.€€Woods€called€the€police.€€According€to€Woods,€thereÐ „Ô  Ðwas€some€cocaine€missing€from€a€safe€in€the€apartment.Ð pÀ ÐÌà  àTwo€weeks€after€the€murders,€at€approximately€6:30€a.m.€on€November€11,€1996,€theÐ H˜ ÐDefendant€and€Phillips€were€arrested.€€At€approximately€10:30€a.m.,€Officer€Richard€David€Ô_ÔRolesonÔ_Ô,Ð 4„ Ðalong€with€Sergeant€Biding,€of€the€Memphis€Police€Department€advised€the€Defendant€of€his€rightsÐ  p Ðand€interrogated€the€Defendant.€€Sergeants€Ô_ÔBallardÔ_Ô€and€Ô_ÔHelldorferÔ_Ô€took€over€the€interrogation€atÐ  \ Ðapproximately€4:00€or€4:30€in€the€afternoon€and€got€a€written€statement€from€the€Defendant.€€BeforeÐ øH Ðgetting€the€statement€from€the€Defendant,€Ô_ÔBallardÔ_Ô€and€Ô_ÔHelldorferÔ_Ô€again€advised€the€Defendant€of€hisÐ ä4 Ðrights.€€After€the€written€statement€was€typed,€the€Defendant€was€told€to€read€the€statement€to€seeÐ Ð  Ðif€it€was€correct.€€The€Defendant€then€initialed€each€page€of€the€statement€and€signed€it€at€the€end.€Ð ¼  ÐIn€the€statement,€the€Defendant€admitted€to€participating€in€the€murders€of€Ô_ÔBurchetteÔ_Ô€and€Maclin.€Ð ¨ø ÐÌÌÔ#†X:lXX X7ëº#ÔÔ#†¼Ql»XX:lü#ÔÔ‡X:lX»¼QlÔÔ‡ X7ëXXX:lÔà@’’$ìàII.€ANALYSISˆÐ l¼ ÐÌà@AAìàA.€SUPPRESSION€OF€EVIDENCEˆÐ D!” ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€denying€his€motion€to€suppress€theÐ #l! Ðstatement€that€the€he€gave€to€police€on€the€day€of€his€arrest.€€The€Defendant€argues€that€his€rightsÐ $X" Ðunder€the€Fifth€and€Fourteenth€Amendments€of€the€United€States€Constitution€and€Article€I,€ðð€9€ofÐ ô$D # Ðthe€Constitution€of€the€State€of€Tennessee€were€violated€because€his€statement€was€coerced€and€thusÐ à%0!$ Ðnot€voluntary.€€We€disagree.€Ð Ì&"% ÐÌà  àWhen€an€evidentiary€hearing€is€held€on€the€merits€of€a€motion€to€suppress,€the€State€mustÐ ¤(ô#' Ðdemonstrate€by€a€preponderance€of€the€evidence€that€the€Defendantððs€statements€were€voluntary,Ð )à$( Ðknowing€and€intelligent.€€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔAndradeÔ_Ô€Bruce€Williams,€Jr.óó,€No.€01C01„9803„CR„00104,€1999Ð ° ÐWL€191782,€at€*3€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.,€Nashville,€Apr.€8,€1999)€(citing€òòState€v.€Kellyóó,€603€S.W.2dÐ œì Ð726,€728€(Tenn.€1980)).€€The€trial€court,€as€the€trier€of€fact,€is€entrusted€with€determining€theÐ ˆØ Ðcredibility€of€witnesses,€as€well€as€the€weight€and€value€of€the€evidence€presented.€€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔOdomÔ_Ôóó,Ð tÄ Ð928€S.W.2d€18,€23€(Tenn.€1996).€€In€determining€the€admissibility€of€a€confession,€the€totality€of€theÐ `° Ðcircumstances€must€be€examined.€€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€933€S.W.2d€450,€455€(Tenn.€1996).€TheÐ L œ Ðconfession€ð ðððmust€not€be€extracted€by€any€sort€of€threats€or€violence,€nor€obtained€by€any€direct€orÐ 8 ˆ Ðimplied€promises,€however€slight,€nor€by€the€exertion€of€any€improper€influence€.€.€.ðððð€€òòId.óó€(quotingÐ $ t ÐòòBram€v.€United€Statesóó,€168€U.S.€532,€542„43€(1897)).€€€The€standard€to€be€followed€is€whether€ð ðððtheÐ  ` Ðbehavior€of€the€Stateððs€law€enforcement€officials€was€such€as€to€overbear€petitionerððs€will€to€resistÐ ü L  Ðand€bring€about€confessions€not€freely€self„determined€.€.€.€.ðððð€€òòKellyóó,€603€S.W.2d€at€728€(quotingÐ è 8  ÐRogers€v.€Richmond,€365€U.S.€534,€544€(1961)).€€Ð Ô$  ÐÌà  àA€trial€courtððs€determination€at€a€suppression€hearing€is€presumptively€correct€on€appeal.Ð ¬ü  ÐòòState€v.€Stephensonóó,€878€S.W.2d€530,€544€(Tenn.€1994).€€The€reviewing€court€is€bound€by€the€trialÐ ˜è  Ðcourtððs€findings€of€fact€unless€the€evidence€found€in€the€record€preponderates€against€these€findings.€Ð „Ô  ÐòòÔ_ÔOdomÔ_Ôóó,€928€S.W.2d€at€23.€€On€review,€the€prevailing€party€is€entitled€to€the€strongest€legitimate€viewÐ pÀ Ðof€the€evidence€and€all€reasonable€inferences€therefrom.€€òòId.óó€€However,€this€Court€is€not€bound€byÐ \¬ Ðthe€trial€courtððs€conclusions€of€law.€€òòState€v.€Simpsonóó,€968€S.W.2d€776,€779€(Tenn.€1998).Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àViewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€State,€the€Defendant€was€fullyÐ  p Ðinformed€of€his€rights€and€gave€a€knowing,€intelligent€and€voluntary€statement€to€the€police€on€theÐ  \ Ðday€of€his€arrest.€€The€Defendant€signed€an€ð ðInterrogation€Advice€of€Rights,ðð€which€stated€that€heÐ øH Ðhad€been€advised€of€his€Miranda€rights€by€Detective€Ô_ÔRolesonÔ_Ô€on€the€morning€of€the€arrest.€€TheÐ ä4 ÐDefendant€was€again€advised€of€his€rights€by€Sgt.€Ô_ÔBallardÔ_Ô€before€he€made€his€final€statement.€Ð Ð  ÐAlthough€the€statement€mistakenly€listed€the€Defendantððs€name€as€Ô_ÔDewayneÔ_Ô€Phillips,€it€is€clear€thatÐ ¼  Ðthe€information€was€provided€by€the€Defendant.€€After€the€statement€was€given,€the€DefendantÐ ¨ø Ðinitialed€each€page€and€signed€at€the€end,€indicating€that€the€statement€was€a€true€and€accurateÐ ”ä Ðaccount€of€what€happened.Ô#†X:lXX X7ëø-#ÔÔ‡ X7ëXXX:lÔÔ#† ¼v? »X X7ëÙ-#ÔÔ‡ X7ëX » ¼v?ÔÐ €Ð ÐÌà  àThe€officers€that€interviewed€the€Defendant€testified€that€they€did€not€improperly€influenceÐ X ¨ Ðthe€Defendant€into€making€a€statement€through€the€use€of€threats€or€promises.€€Although€there€wasÐ D!” Ðtestimony€from€the€Defendant€and€Phillips,€the€Defendantððs€brother,€that€officers€brought€PhillipsÐ 0"€  Ðinto€the€interrogation€room€and€left€him€alone€with€the€Defendant€for€approximately€thirty€minutes,Ð #l! Ðwitnesses€for€the€State€maintained€that€Phillips€only€stopped€briefly€in€the€doorway€and€told€theÐ $X" ÐDefendant€to€tell€the€truth.€€Ô#†X:lXX X7ëö>#ÔÔ‡ X7ëXXX:lÔÔ#† ¼v? »X X7ë8?#ÔÔ‡ X7ëX » ¼v?ÔThe€trial€court€credited€the€testimony€of€the€officers€over€that€of€theÐ ô$D # ÐDefendant€and€his€brother.€€As€the€evidence€in€the€record€does€not€preponderate€against€factualÐ à%0!$ Ðfindings€of€the€trial€court,€this€Court€must€defer€to€the€trial€courtððs€determination€that€the€DefendantððsÐ Ì&"% Ðstatement€was€given€knowingly€and€voluntarilyÔ#† ¼v? »X X7ëKB#ÔÔ‡ X7ëX » ¼v?ÔÔ#†X:lXX X7ë B#ÔÔ‡ X7ëXXX:lÔ€and€thus,€properly€admitted€at€trial.Ð ¸'#& ÐÌÌÌÐ h+¸&* Ðà@| | ìàB.€SUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€EVIDENCEˆÐ ° ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€argues€that€insufficient€evidence€was€presented€at€trial€to€convict€him€of€firstÐ ˆØ Ðdegree€premeditated€murder,€felony€murder€and€aggravated€robbery.€€We€disagree.Ð tÄ ÐÌà  àWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€an€appellate€courtððs€standardÐ L œ Ðof€review€is€whether,€after€considering€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€prosecution,Ð 8 ˆ Ðany€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonableÐ $ t Ðdoubt.€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€324€(1979);€òòState€v.€Duncanóó,€698€S.W.2d€63,€67€(Tenn.Ð  ` Ð1985);€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e).€€This€rule€applies€to€findings€of€guilt€based€upon€direct€evidence,Ð ü L  Ðcircumstantial€evidence,€or€a€combination€of€both€direct€and€circumstantial€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Dykesóó,Ð è 8  Ð803€S.W.2d€250,€253€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€1990).Ð Ô$  ÐÌà  àIn€determining€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€this€Court€should€not€re„weigh€or€re„evaluateÐ ¬ü  Ðthe€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Matthewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€776,€779€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€1990).€€Nor€may€thisÐ ˜è  ÐCourt€substitute€its€inferences€for€those€drawn€by€the€trier€of€fact€from€the€evidence.€€òòÔ_ÔLiakasÔ_Ô€v.€Stateóó,Ð „Ô  Ð286€S.W.2d€856,€859€(Tenn.€1956);€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔBuggsÔ_Ôóó,€995€S.W.2d€102,€105€(Tenn.€1999).€€On€theÐ pÀ Ðcontrary,€this€Court€must€afford€the€State€of€Tennessee€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidenceÐ \¬ Ðcontained€in€the€record,€as€well€as€all€reasonable€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€from€the€evidence.€Ð H˜ ÐòòState€v.€Evansóó,€838€S.W.2d€185,€191€(Tenn.€1992).€€Questions€concerning€the€credibility€of€theÐ 4„ Ðwitnesses,€the€weight€and€value€of€the€evidence,€as€well€as€all€factual€issues€raised€by€the€evidenceÐ  p Ðare€resolved€by€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòÔ_ÔLiakasÔ_Ôóó,€286€S.W.2d€at€859.òòóó€òòóó€€Because€a€verdict€of€guilt€against€aÐ  \ Ðdefendant€removes€the€presumption€of€innocence€and€raises€a€presumption€of€guilt,€the€convictedÐ øH Ðcriminal€defendant€bears€the€burden€of€showing€that€the€evidence€was€legally€insufficient€to€sustainÐ ä4 Ða€guilty€verdict.€€òòId.óó€Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àSufficient€evidence€was€presented€at€trial€to€convict€the€Defendant€of€aggravated€robbery€ofÐ ¨ø ÐTimothy€Woods,€felony€murder€of€Ô_ÔLeandreÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔMaclinÔ_Ô,€and€first€degree€premeditated€murder€ofÐ ”ä ÐChristopher€Ô_ÔBurchetteÔ_Ô.€€Michael€Lawrence,€who€was€also€charged€in€this€case,€testified€against€theÐ €Ð ÐDefendant€at€trial.€€€Lawrence€testified€that€the€Defendant€took€part€in€all€of€the€crimes€for€which€heÐ l¼ Ðstands€convicted.€€The€Defendant€argues€that€there€was€insufficient€corroboration€of€this€testimonyÐ X ¨ Ðto€convict€him€of€the€crimes€charged.€€A€criminal€defendant€cannot€be€convicted€solely€on€theÐ D!” Ðuncorroborated€testimony€of€an€accomplice.€€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔBigbeeÔ_Ôóó,€885€S.W.2d€797,€803€(Tenn.€1994).€Ð 0"€  ÐWhether€the€testimony€of€an€accomplice€has€been€sufficiently€corroborated€is€a€question€for€the€jury.€Ð #l! ÐòòState€v.€Ô_ÔHeflinÔ_Ôóó,€15€S.W.3d€519,€524€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€1999).€€However,€corroborating€evidenceÐ $X" Ðneed€not€be€sufficient€in€and€of€itself€to€support€a€conviction,€but€it€must€fairly€connect€the€DefendantÐ ô$D # Ðwith€the€commission€of€the€crime.€€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔGaylorÔ_Ôóó,€862€S.W.2d€546,€552€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€1992).€Ð à%0!$ ÐÌà  àAlthough€Michael€Lawrence€was€charged€as€an€accomplice€in€these€crimes,€there€was€ampleÐ ¸'#& Ðcorroboration€of€his€testimony€to€support€the€convictions€against€the€Defendant.€€The€Defendant,€inÐ ¤(ô#' Ðhis€own€statement,€admitted€to€participating€in€the€crimes.€€Moreover,€Timothy€Woods€testifiedÐ )à$( Ðregarding€events€that€took€place€just€prior€to€the€murders,€which€included€the€aggravated€robbery€ofÐ |*Ì%) Ðhis€car.€€According€to€Woods,€the€Defendant,€Phillips€and€Chambers€approached€him€while€his€carÐ h+¸&* Ðwas€parked€in€Ô_ÔMaclinÔ_Ôððs€driveway.€€Chambers€pulled€a€gun€on€Woods,€and€it€was€only€when€the€menÐ ° Ðwere€distracted€by€the€appearance€of€Ô_ÔMaclinÔ_Ô€that€Woods€was€able€to€escape.€€Woods€left€the€keysÐ œì Ðto€his€apartment€in€the€ignition€of€the€car€when€he€ran€away.€€Woods€testified€that€when€he€returnedÐ ˆØ Ðto€Ô_ÔMaclinÔ_Ôððs€house€sometime€later,€his€car€was€gone.€€Such€testimony€substantiated€LawrenceððsÐ tÄ Ðtestimony€that€the€men€were€armed€and€that€they€were€able€to€enter€Woodsðð€apartment€because€heÐ `° Ðleft€his€keys€in€the€car€when€he€escaped.€€Ð L œ ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant,€in€his€own€statement,€admitted€that€he€had€taken€part€in€the€murder€ofÐ $ t ÐÔ_ÔLeandreÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔMaclinÔ_Ô.€€The€Defendant€stated€that€Chambers€said€that€Ô_ÔMaclinÔ_Ô€could€not€be€left€alive.€€GivenÐ  ` Ðthe€testimony€of€Lawrence€and€Woods€regarding€the€robbery€of€Woodsðð€car,€there€was€sufficientÐ ü L  Ðevidence€to€convict€the€Defendant€of€murdering€Ô_ÔMaclinÔ_Ô€during€the€perpetration€of€an€aggravatedÐ è 8  Ðrobbery.Ð Ô$  ÐÌà  àRegarding€the€death€of€Christopher€Ô_ÔBurchetteÔ_Ô,€sufficient€evidence€was€presented€at€trial€forÐ ¬ü  Ða€rational€jury€to€find€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€the€Defendant€was€guilty€of€first€degreeÐ ˜è  Ðmurder.€€Ô#†X:lXX X7ëQD#ÔFirst€degree€murder€is€the€premeditated€and€intentional€killing€of€another€person.€€Tenn.Ð „Ô  ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€39„13„202(a)(1).€€Once€a€homicide€has€been€established,€it€is€presumed€to€be€secondÐ r Ðdegree€murder,€and€the€State€has€the€burden€of€proving€premeditation€to€raise€the€offense€to€firstÐ \¬ Ðdegree€murder.€€òòState€v.€Hallóó,€8€S.W.3d€593,€599€(Tenn.€1999)€(citing€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔNesbitÔ_Ôóó,€978€S.W.2dÐ F– Ð872,€898€(Tenn.€1998)).€Premeditation€is€defined€as€"an€act€done€after€the€exercise€of€reflection€andÐ 0€ Ðjudgment."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„202(d).€Ð j ÐÔ_ÔÔ_Ôà8  à"Premeditation"€means€that€the€intent€to€kill€must€have€been€formed€prior€to€the€actÐ T Ðitself.€€It€is€not€necessary€that€the€purpose€to€kill€pre„exist€in€the€mind€of€the€accusedÐ î> Ðfor€any€definite€period€of€time.€€The€mental€state€of€the€accused€at€the€time€theÐ Ø( Ðaccused€allegedly€decided€to€kill€must€be€carefully€considered€in€order€to€determineÐ Â Ðwhether€the€accused€was€sufficiently€free€from€excitement€and€passion€as€to€beÐ ¬ü Ðcapable€of€Ô_Ôpremeditation.Ô_ÔЖæÐ Ð  ÐòòId.óó€€Premeditation€is€the€process€of€thinking€about€a€proposed€killing€before€engaging€in€theÐ €Ð Ðhomicidal€conduct.€€òòState€v.€Brownóó,€836€S.W.2d€530,€540„41€(Tenn.€1992).Ð jº ÐÌà  àThe€existence€of€premeditation€is€a€question€of€fact€for€the€jury€to€determine€and€may€beÐ > Ž Ðinferred€from€the€circumstances€surrounding€the€offense.€€òòState€v.€Rosaóó,€996€S.W.2d€833,€837€(Tenn.Ð (!x Ð1999)€(citing€òòBrownóó,€836€S.W.2d€at€539)).€€The€use€of€a€deadly€weapon€upon€an€unarmed€victim€andÐ "b  Ðdeclarations€by€the€defendant€of€his€intent€to€kill€the€victim€may€support€the€existence€ofÐ ü"L! Ðpremeditation.€€òòState€v.€Blandóó,€958€S.W.2d€651,€660€(Tenn.€1997).Ð æ#6" Ðà  àÌà  àViewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€State,€a€jury€could€have€reasonablyÐ º% !$ Ðfound€that€the€Defendant€killed€Christopher€Ô_ÔBurchetteÔ_Ô€after€the€exercise€of€reflection€and€judgment.€Ð ¤&ô!% ÐòòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„202(a)(1),€(d).€€Ô‡ X7ëXXX:lÔIn€the€Defendantððs€own€statement,€he€admitted€toÐ Ž'Þ"& Ðparticipating€in€the€death€of€Ô_ÔBurchetteÔ_Ô.€€The€Defendant€also€acknowledged€in€his€statement€that€thereÐ |(Ì#' Ðwas€a€discussion€in€which€it€was€determined€that€Ô_ÔBurchetteÔ_Ô€and€Ô_ÔMaclinÔ_Ô€would€have€to€be€murdered.€Ð h)¸$( ÐAccording€to€the€Defendant,€Chambers€told€Phillips€and€the€Defendant,€ð ð[Ô_ÔW]eÔ_Ô€canððt€leave€withoutÐ T*¤%) Ðthem€dead€because€they€know€where€I€stay,€and€they€might€take€the€police€to€my€house€or€doÐ @+&* Ðsomething€to€my€family.ðð€€Ô_ÔBurchetteÔ_Ô,€who€was€tortured€and€shot€in€the€back€of€the€head,€wasÐ ,,|'+ Ðunarmed€at€the€time€of€his€death.€€Given€the€foregoing€facts,€we€conclude€that€there€was€sufficientÐ ° Ðevidence€for€a€jury€to€find€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€the€Defendant€was€guilty€of€premeditatedÐ œì Ðfirst€degree€murder.Ô#†X:lXX X7ëh#ÔÐ ˆØ ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€also€argues€that€he€cannot€be€guilty€of€first€degree€murder€because€he€was€notÐ ^® Ðin€the€apartment€when€Ô_ÔBurchetteÔ_Ô€was€killed.€€However,€a€person€may€be€criminally€responsible€forÐ H ˜ Ðan€offense€committed€by€another€person€where€he€or€she€ð ð[Ô_Ôa]ctingÔ_Ô€with€the€intent€to€promote€or€assistÐ 2 ‚ Ðthe€commission€of€the€offense,€or€to€benefit€in€the€proceeds€or€results€of€the€offense,€the€personÐ  l Ðsolicits,€directs,€aids,€or€attempts€to€aid€another€person€to€commit€the€offense.ðð€€Ô‡ X7ëXXX:lÔòòId.óó€ðð€39„11„402(2).€Ð  V ÐGiven€the€Defendantððs€own€statement,€there€was€sufficient€evidence€for€a€rational€jury€to€concludeÐ ô D  Ðthat€the€Defendant€acted€with€the€intent€to€promote€or€assist€in€the€murders€of€Ô_ÔBurchetteÔ_Ô€and€Ô_ÔMaclinÔ_Ô.€Ð à 0  ÐÌÌÌà  àà@$ìàC.€SENTENCINGˆÐ à  ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€running€his€sentences€consecutively.€€It€isÐ h¸ Ðwithin€the€sound€discretion€of€the€trial€court€whether€or€not€an€offender€should€be€sentencedÐ T¤ Ðconsecutively€or€concurrently.€€òòState€v.€Jamesóó,€688€S.W.2d€463,€465€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€1984).€€AÐ @ Ðcourt€may€order€multiple€sentences€to€run€consecutively€if€it€finds€by€a€preponderance€of€theÐ ,| Ðevidence€that€the€Defendant€fits€into€one€of€the€categories€established€in€the€statute.€€Tenn.€CodeÐ h ÐAnn.€ðð€40„35„115(b).€€Ð T ÐÌà  àIn€this€case,€the€trial€court€found€that€the€Defendant€was€a€dangerous€offender.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.Ð Ü, ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(4).€€€A€dangerous€offender€is€one€"whose€behavior€indicates€little€or€noÐ È Ðregard€for€human€life,€and€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€in€which€the€risk€to€human€lifeÐ ´ Ðis€high."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(4)Ô#†X:lXX X7ë$o#ÔÔ‡ X7ëXXX:lÔÔ#† ¼v? »X X7ëD#ÔÔ‡ X7ëX » ¼v?Ô.€òòóó€The€trial€court€may€order€consecutive€sentencingÐ  ð Ðwhere€the€defendant€is€considered€a€dangerous€offender.€€òòIdóó.Ô#† ¼v? »X X7ë˜u#ÔÔ‡ X7ëX » ¼v?ÔÔ#†X:lXX X7ëVu#ÔÔ‡ X7ëXXX:lÔ€Ô#†X:lXX X7ë¬v#ÔÔ‡ X7ëXXX:lÔÔ#† ¼v? »X X7ëjv#ÔÔ‡ X7ëX » ¼v?Ô€Here,€the€trial€court€found€that€theÐ ŒÜ ÐDefendant€showed€little€regard€for€human€life€in€the€manner€in€which€the€victims€were€killed.€€BothÐ xÈ Ðvictims€were€unarmed€and€shot€in€the€back€of€the€head.€€In€addition,€Ô_ÔBurchetteÔ_Ô€was€tortured€prior€toÐ d´ Ðhis€death.€€This€indicates€the€Defendant's€lack€of€regard€for€human€life€and€lack€of€hesitation€toÐ P   Ðcommit€a€crime€in€which€the€risk€to€human€life€was€high.€€Thus,€we€agree€with€the€trial€court€thatÐ