ÿWPC„$ …U .V %„bŠ 0JŽØn­è• 0 (U:Åw¸ÿ4· 0™Ë 0Dd U:¨ 0Tâ 0^6 0h” 0rü 0|n 0†ê 0p 1u 0du BÙU *öB) DCI AMŒ D3Ù  f 0@~u¾˜3ËËDJv~ŽvÓ  AOß"Æ.# 0Dô# D/8$ Bg$<þ6X9`(CourierX ù2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô3|xç«<þ6X9`(CourierXôxþ6X@ɹ`7ûX@($¡¡, øð AZ"Arial RegularÁÂDÃDÄÅ{ÆEÇÈDÉÊDËÌDÍÎÏUÐÑ.eÒDÓDÔÕÖ×EØÙEÚÛDÜDÝÞÓ€³†;$(I(24ä$¤¤Ý ƒ !ÝÝ  ÝÒ°ÒÔ€XÙ¤XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d''''7Border 1dd€-(Cþÿ << Gÿÿ""""'ÿÿdxd Ý ƒ !ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÔ€&ÔÔ€&ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€&XÔÌÌMay€28,€1998ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔ  Ôó ó \Ñ\R AØ'\Ñ("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò kÝ ƒ !ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$ÝÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÔ€&Ôà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝIn€so€holding,€we€reject€the€state's€argument€that€the€defendant's€act€ofÏmerely€leaving€because€he€failed€to€complete€the€offense€was€insufficientÏrenunciation.€€On€the€contrary,€the€evidence€favoring€the€defendant€is€that€heÏdid€more€than€simply€leave€the€bank.€€He€claims€he€snatched€the€robbery€noteÏfrom€Teller€Coggins,€which€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€him€could€beÏinterpreted€as€an€affirmative€disavowal€of€the€crime.Ì ŽÝ ƒ !ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$ÝÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÔ€&Ôà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝPresumably,€although€it€is€not€clear€in€òòUtleyóó,€an€arrest€alone€will€notÏtrigger€an€accusedððs€speedy€trial€rights.€€As€we€understand€òòUtleyóó,€neither€anÏarrest€nor€an€arrest€warrant€is€sufficient€by€itself.€€An€arrest€warrant€must€issueÏòòandóó€the€restraints€of€an€arrest€must€be€imposed€before€the€speedy€trial€clockÏbegins€to€tick.€€òòSeeóó€òòUtleyóó,€956€S.W.2d€at€494€(right€triggered€when€accused€wasÏserved€with€the€warrant€and€arrested).Ì öÝ ƒ !ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$ÝÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÔ€&Ôà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€term€"presumptively€prejudicial"€does€not€imply€that€the€defendant€isÏautomatically€entitled€to€relief.€€Rather,€it€refers€to€a€delay€sufficiently€egregiousÏto€require€analysis€under€the€balancing€test€of€òòBarker€v.€Wingoóó,€407€U.S.€524,Ï92€S.€Ct.€2182€(1972).€€òòSeeóó€òòUtleyóó,€956€S.W.2d€at€494.Ì uÝ ƒ !ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$ÝÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÔ€&Ôà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝAt€the€hearing€on€the€motion€to€dismiss,€the€defendant€contended€thereÏwas€some€delay€in€filing€this€motion.€€Through€counsel,€he€claimed€to€haveÏmailed€the€motion€in€September€1994.Ì :Ý ƒ !ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$ÝÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÔ€&Ôà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝThis€is€the€most€important€of€the€four€factors.€€òòState€v.€Woodóó,€924€S.W.2dÏ342,€348€(Tenn.€1996)€(citations€omitted).ÌPtPtHHØ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÒ  ion-F Geneva Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ !ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÝ  Ý›Ñ ` ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÓ  ÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÔ€&ÔÑ7€òFXdÈdÈ7ÑÑ  ќـ€ÙßR€)+(A1-j|` ç `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌÌÑ€Ñò òà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌ€à@ àAT€NASHVILLEÌÌà@ àFEBRUARY€1998€SESSIONó óÌÌÌÌò òSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à à€à àà àó ó)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àÌà àà àAppellee,à àà àà à)à àC.C.A.€No.€01C01„9703„CC„00100Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìvs.à àà àà àà àà àà à)à àGiles€Countyà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìò òWILLIAM€RONALD€JORDAN,à àó óà à)à àHon.€William€B.€Cain,€Judge€ò òÌó óà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àAppellant.à àà àà à)à à(Attempted€Robbery,€DUI)ÌÌÌÌò òFOR€THE€APPELLANT:à àà àà àà àFOR€THE€APPELLEE:ó óÌÌò òSHARA€ANN€FLACYó ó€(at€trial€and€on€appeal)à àò òJOHN€KNOX€WALKUPó óÌDistrict€Public€Defenderà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÌÌò òWILLIAM€C.€BRIGHTà àà àà àà àDARYL€J.€BRANDó óÌAsst.€District€Public€Defenderà àà àà àAsst.€Attorney€GeneralÌP.O.€Box€1208à àà àà àà àà à425€Fifth€Ave.€NorthÌPulaski,€TN€€38478„1208à àà àà àà àCordell€Hull€Bldg.,€2d€FloorÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493Ìò òGREGORY€D.€SMITHó ó€(on€appeal)ÌAttorney€at€Lawà àà àà àà àà àò òT.€MICHAEL€BOTTOMSó óÌOne€Public€Sq.,€Ste.€321à àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌClarksville,€TN€€37040à àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àò òRICHARD€H.€DUNAVANTó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAsst.€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àP.O.€Box€304Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àPulaski,€TN€€38478„0304ÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:___________________Ìò òÌAFFIRMEDó óÌÌCURWOOD€WITT,€JUDGEÑ€,ÑÇÑ7€òFXXdðXdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÑ7€ "/ XXdðXXdð7ÑÑ  Ñà@ àò òòòOPINIONóóó óÌÌÓÓà àà àThe€defendant,€William€Ronald€Jordan,€appeals€following€hisÏconvictions€of€attempted€robbery€and€driving€under€the€influence.€€He€receivedÏhis€convictions€in€the€Giles€County€Circuit€Court€after€a€jury€trial.€€He€is€presentlyÏincarcerated€in€the€Department€of€Correction€serving€his€effective€six€yearÏsentence€consecutively€to€his€sentence€for€a€previous€conviction.€€In€this€directÏappeal,€Jordan€claims€that€the€trial€court€erroneously€failed€to€instruct€the€jury€onÏthe€affirmative€defense€of€renunciation€and€that€he€was€denied€a€speedy€trial.€ÏHaving€reviewed€the€briefs€and€arguments€of€the€parties,€the€record,€and€theÏapplicable€law,€we€find€no€reversible€error€and€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trialÏcourt.ÌÌà àà àAt€trial,€the€state€presented€the€testimony€of€Billy€Kennedy,€a€loanÏofficer€of€the€Bank€of€Frankewing.€€On€May€23,€1994,€one€of€the€tellers€escortedÏthe€defendant€to€Kennedy's€office.€€The€defendant€inquired€about€obtaining€aÏloan,€and€Kennedy€filled€out€a€loan€application€for€the€defendant€and€said€heÏwould€have€an€answer€the€following€day.€€During€his€encounter€with€theÏdefendant,€Kennedy€smelled€alcohol.€€The€defendant€left€Kennedy's€office€andÏstarted€across€the€bank€œlobby›€œKennedy›€saw€the€defendant€get€a€piece€of€paperÏout€of€his€pocket€then€proceed€to€a€teller€window.€€The€defendant€stood€at€theÍteller€window€for€a€few€minutes,€then€left€the€bank.€€Thereafter,€Kennedy€learnedÏfrom€the€teller€that€the€defendant€had€given€her€ð ða€holdup€noteðð€and€observedÏthe€defendant€drive€away€in€a€blue€Ford€Escort€station€wagon.€€He€obtained€theÏlicense€plate€number€and€provided€this€information€to€law€enforcement.€€ÏKennedy€found€a€piece€of€that€note€where€the€defendantððs€car€had€been€parked.ÌÌà àà àSue€Coggins€testified€the€defendant€came€to€her€teller€windowÏand€gave€her€a€folded€up€note.€€She€opened€the€note,€and€it€said€the€defendantÏwanted€money€and€would€kill€her€if€she€did€not€cooperate.€€The€note€scaredÏCoggins;€nevertheless,€she€said€she€did€not€"have€any."€€The€defendant€said,Ï"Don't€have€any€what?"€€Coggins€told€the€defendant€he€would€have€to€see€oneÏof€the€loan€officers.€€She€either€gave€the€note€back€to€the€defendant€or€laid€itÏdown,€and€the€defendant€took€it€and€walked€out€of€the€bank.€€Coggins€smelledÏalcohol€on€the€defendant.ÌÌà àà àDeputy€Kyle€Helton€of€the€Giles€County€Sheriff's€departmentÏapprehended€the€defendant€about€45€minutes€after€the€attempted€robbery.€€AtÏthe€time€Helton€stopped€the€defendant,€Jordan€was€on€a€private€road€headedÏtoward€a€public€roadway.€€Helton€noticed€a€strong€smell€of€alcohol€on€theÏdefendant's€breath€and€observed€that€the€defendant€was€unsteady€on€his€feet.€ÍJordan€was€unable€to€successfully€complete€two€field€sobriety€tests.€€Thereafter,ÏJordan€registered€.22€on€an€intoximeter€test.ÌÌà àà àSpecial€Agent€Robert€Childs€of€the€FBI€and€Investigator€MichaelÏChapman€of€the€Giles€County€Sheriff's€Department€interviewed€the€defendant.€ÏOn€May€24,€1994,€Jordan€told€Agent€Childs€and€Investigator€Chapman€that€heÏhad€attended€a€picnic€at€a€rock€quarry€two€days€earlier.€€The€next€day,€whichÏwas€the€day€of€the€attempted€robbery,€he€returned€to€the€rock€quarry€and€drankÏwhiskey€and€beer€with€the€quarry€owner,€Steve€Houston.€€The€defendant€wasÏ"wild€on€booze"€and€could€not€remember€clearly.€€He€claimed€to€be€an€alcoholicÏwith€memory€loss.€€However,€he€told€Chapman€and€Childs€that€sometime€in€theÏafternoon€he€went€to€the€Bank€of€Frankewing€and€applied€for€a€loan.€€He€had€noÏrecollection€of€the€attempted€robbery€or€the€robbery€note.€€He€did€not€recallÏtalking€with€anyone€other€than€a€loan€officer.ÌÌà àà àAgent€Childs€spoke€with€the€defendant€a€second€time,€on€June€2,Ï1994.€€During€the€time€between€April€24€and€May€2,€the€defendant€conferredÏwith€counsel€but€requested€the€conference€with€Agent€Childs€that€occurred€onÏMay€2.€€Jordan€claimed€that€he€had€known€Steve€Houston€in€his€past.€€He€andÏHouston€were€becoming€reacquainted€around€May€23.€€On€the€day€of€theÍattempted€robbery€Houston€and€Jordan€were€drinking€at€the€rock€quarry.€ÏJordan€told€Houston€about€spending€time€in€jail€for€bank€robbery.€€Houston€didÏnot€believe€this,€so€Jordan€went€to€his€car€and€wrote€a€note€like€the€one€he€hadÏused€in€robbing€a€bank€in€Nashville.€€The€note€said,€"This€is€a€robbery.€€Give€meÏall€your€bills.€€I€don't€want€to€see€no€dye€bomb€or€see€you€push€no€alarm€or€I'llÏkill€you.€€You€now€have€15€seconds."€€Jordan€messed€up€while€writing€this€noteÏand€threw€it€in€the€quarry.€€He€borrowed€a€piece€of€paper€and€wrote€anotherÏnote.€€He€showed€it€to€Houston€then€put€it€in€his€pocket.€€Later€a€man€andÏwoman€at€the€quarry€whose€names€the€defendant€did€not€recall€went€with€theÏdefendant€to€the€bank.€€The€man€drove€the€defendant's€car,€and€the€womanÏfollowed€in€another€car.€€The€man€had€something€to€do,€and€the€couple€left€theÏdefendant€and€his€car€at€the€bank.€€The€defendant€went€inside€the€bank€andÏtalked€with€the€loan€officer.€€Afterwards,€he€approached€a€teller€and€asked€herÏfor€a€roll€of€quarters.€€He€had€a€$10€bill€in€the€same€pocket€as€the€robbery€noteÏhe€had€shown€Houston,€and€he€mistakenly€gave€the€teller€the€note€instead€ofÏthe€$10€bill.€€When€the€defendant€realized€what€he€had€done,€he€snatched€theÏnote€away€from€the€teller€and€left€the€bank.€€On€his€way€back€to€the€quarry,€heÏtore€up€the€note€and€threw€it€out€the€window€after€he€turned€off€the€highway.€ÏThe€defendant€claimed€a€piece€of€the€first€robbery€note€must€have€fallen€out€ofÏthe€car€when€he€exited€the€car€at€the€bank.ÌÌà àà àAgent€Childs€testified€that€he€not€been€able€to€locate€"SteveÏHouston."€€He€had,€however,€interviewed€Houston€Lewis€Smith,€the€owner€ofÏthe€rock€quarry.ÌÌà àà àInvestigator€Michael€Chapman€recalled€seeing€the€defendant€inÏthe€jail€lobby€sitting€by€the€intoximeter€machine€on€May€23.€€He€could€tell€theÏdefendant€had€been€drinking,€although€the€defendant€appeared€coherent.ÌÌà àà àHouston€Lewis€Smith€testified€for€the€prosecution.€€He€saw€theÏdefendant€on€the€day€of€the€attempted€robbery€and€the€two€previous€days.€€TheÏdefendant€was€drinking€on€May€24.€€Smith€noticed€that€the€defendant€left€theÏrock€quarry€in€the€afternoon€in€his€vehicle,€and€he€returned€about€20€to€30Ïminutes€later.€€Smith€heard€that€the€bank€had€been€robbed€by€an€individualÏdriving€a€car€like€the€defendant's,€and€he€called€the€Sheriff's€Department€toÏreport€the€defendant's€presence€on€his€property.€€In€stark€contradiction€to€theÏdefendant's€statement,€Smith€said€the€defendant€never€told€him€about€a€robberyÏin€Nashville€or€showed€him€a€robbery€note.ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€did€not€testify€and€offered€as€his€only€witnessÍCarolyn€Sue€Watson,€a€teller€at€the€Bank€of€Frankewing.€€She€recalled€theÏdefendant€coming€into€the€bank€asking€to€speak€with€a€loan€officer.€€She€couldÏsmell€liquor€on€his€breath,€and€he€was€mumbling.€€She€took€him€to€Mr.ÏKennedy's€office.€€€Later,€when€Jordan€left€Kennedy's€office,€Watson€saw€himÏstop€and€look€for€something€in€his€pocket€or€billfold.€€He€took€out€somethingÏwhite.€€As€he€was€standing€at€Coggins'€teller€window,€she€heard€him€say€"YouÏdon't€have€any€what?"€or€something€similar.€€She€did€not€hear€Jordan€askÏCoggins€for€a€roll€of€quarters.€€Watson€also€did€not€see€any€physicallyÏthreatening€behavior€from€the€defendant,€such€as€display€of€a€weapon€orÏgrabbing€Coggins.ÌÌà àà àThe€court€denied€the€defendant's€requested€instruction€on€theÏdefense€of€renunciation€as€to€the€attempted€robbery€charge.€€Thereafter,€the€juryÏreturned€guilty€verdicts€on€both€the€DUI€and€attempted€robbery€charges.ÌÌà@ àò òIó óÌà àà àFirst,€Jordan€claims€the€trial€court€should€have€given€his€requestedÏinstruction€on€renunciation.€€In€support€of€his€argument,€he€points€to€the€fact€thatÏwhen€Coggins€told€him€she€had€no€money,€he€"quietly€left"€the€bank€rather€than€Ïproceeding€further.€€The€state€counters€that€Jordan€failed€to€fairly€raise€the€issueÍby€presenting€any€proof€of€renunciation€and€that,€therefore,€the€court€had€noÏobligation€to€submit€a€renunciation€instruction.€€Specifically,€the€state€claims€theÏdefendant's€act€of€leaving€when€he€failed€to€complete€the€act€of€robbery€isÏinsufficient€renunciation€of€his€crime.ÌÌà àà àRenunciation€is€an€affirmative€defense.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„12„104€(1997).€€In€order€for€a€defendant€to€avail€himself€of€an€affirmative€defense€atÏtrial,€he€must€"fairly€raise"€it,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„204(d)€(1997),€and€heÏmust€establish€it€by€a€preponderance€of€the€evidence.€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„12„104,€Sentencing€Comm'n€Comments€(1997).€€òòBut€seeóó€òòState€v.€Jacksonóó,€946ÏS.W.2d€329,€332€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996)€(renunciation€must€be€òòraisedóó€by€aÏpreponderance€of€the€evidence)€(emphasis€added)€(Smith,€J.,€concurring),Ïòòperm.€app.€deniedóó€(Tenn.€1997).€€In€making€its€determination€whether€anÏaffirmative€defense€such€as€renunciation€has€been€"fairly€raised"€by€theÏevidence€and€therefore€requires€the€appropriate€jury€instructions,€òòseeóó€òòPoe€v.ÏStateóó,€212€Tenn.€413,€370€S.W.2d€488€(1963),€the€trial€court€"must€assess€theÏdefendant's€position€without€ascertaining€its€truthfulness€or€the€weight€to€whichÏit€might€be€entitled."€€òòState€v.€Ivyóó,€868€S.W.2d€724,€726€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993)Ï(citations€omitted);€òòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Shropshireóó,€874€S.W.2d€€634,€639€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1993);€òòState€v.€Dorie€Miller€Currinóó,€No.€02C01„9201„CC„00018,€slipÍop.€at€7€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Jackson,€Aug.€26,€1992).ÌÌà àà àIn€pertinent€part,€renunciation€"is€an€affirmative€defense€to€aÏcharge€of€criminal€attempt.€.€.€[where€the€defendant],€after€committing€theÏcriminal€attempt€.€.€.€prevented€the€successful€commission€of€the€offenseÏattempted€.€.€.€under€circumstances€manifesting€a€complete€and€voluntaryÏrenunciation€of€the€[defendant's]€criminal€purpose."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„12„104€(1997).€€The€Sentencing€Commission€Comments€further€illustrate€theÏsituation€in€which€the€defense€will€apply:€(1)€the€defendant€must€preventÏsuccessful€completion€of€the€ultimate€offense,€and€(2)€he€must€voluntarilyÏrenounce€the€criminal€purpose.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„12„104,€SentencingÏComm'n€Comments€(1997).ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant's€second€statement€provides€proof€of€each€elementÏof€renunciation.€€The€defendant€is€charged€with€criminal€attempt,€one€of€theÏcrimes€to€which€the€defense€applies.€€There€is€evidence€the€defendantÏprevented€the€successful€completion€of€the€crime€attempted€and€that€he€did€soÏunder€circumstances€manifesting€his€complete€and€voluntary€renunciation€of€hisÏcriminal€purpose.€€According€to€Agent€Childs's€testimony,€the€defendant€statedÏthat€he€accidentally€gave€Teller€Coggins€the€robbery€note€instead€of€a€$10€bill.€ÍWhen€the€defendant€realized€what€he€had€done,€he€panicked,€snatched€theÏnote€and€left€the€bank.€€Viewing€this€evidence€without€regard€to€its€apparentÏveracity€or€its€proper€weight,€it€fairly€raises€the€defense€of€renunciation.× ƒ. ××  ×€ÏObjectively,€this€evidence€might€be€used€by€a€jury€to€determine€that€theÏdefendant€thwarted€his€attempted€robbery€by€grabbing€the€note€and€leaving,Ïthereby€preventing€successful€completion€of€the€offense,€and€further,€his€actionsÏwere€voluntary€in€repudiating€the€attempted€robbery.€€òòCf.óó€òòJacksonóó,€946€S.W.2dÏat€332€(jury€properly€instructed€on€renunciation€where€defendant€stabbed€hisÏgirlfriend€and€waited€for€her€to€die,€but€then€changed€his€course€of€action€andÏsummoned€medical€help€for€her)€(Smith,€J.,€concurring),€òòperm.€app.€deniedóóÏ(Tenn.€1997).ÌÌà àà àWe€are€not€unmindful€that€the€defendant's€statement€from€whichÏthis€version€of€events€comes€is€inconsistent€with€his€previous€statement,Ïwherein€he€claimed€to€have€no€memory€of€any€events€at€the€bank€other€thanÏseeing€the€loan€officer.€€Further,€the€testimony€of€the€witnesses€is€inconsistentÍwith€the€defendant's€statement€as€recounted€by€Agent€Childs.€€Nevertheless,€weÏare€bound€to€follow€the€law€and€hold€that€the€proof€ð ðfairly€raisedðð€the€affirmativeÏoffense€of€renunciation.ÌÌà àà àAdditionally,€although€the€issue€was€not€addressed€by€the€trialÏcourt€or€raised€by€the€parties€on€appeal,€we€notice€that€the€facts€presented€atÏtrial€also€"fairly€raise"€the€general€defense€of€mistake€of€fact.€€Mistake€of€fact€is€aÏdefense€if€it€"negates€the€culpable€mental€state€of€the€charged€offense."€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€39„11„502€(1997).€€In€the€case€at€bar,€the€defendant's€evidenceÏwhich€we€have€held€"fairly€raised"€the€defense€of€renunciation€likewise€fairlyÏraises€the€defense€of€mistake€of€fact.€€Specifically,€Jordan€claimed€in€his€secondÏstatement€to€have€accidentally€given€the€robbery€note,€rather€than€a€$10€bill,€toÏTeller€Coggins.€€If€the€facts€are€as€he€alleged,€they€would€negate€the€culpableÏmental€state€necessary€for€attempted€robbery.ÌÌà àà àWhen€a€general€defense€is€"fairly€raised,"€the€state€must€disproveÏits€applicability€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„11„203(c),Ï(d),Ì„201(a)(3)€(1997);€òòState€v.€Culpóó,€900€S.W.2d€707,€710€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€ÏThe€trial€court€has€the€duty€to€give€the€jury€a€complete€charge€of€the€applicableÍlaw€as€to€"every€issue€of€fact€raised€by€the€evidence€and€material€to€[the]Ïdefense[.]"€€òòState€v.€Stoddardóó,€909€S.W.2d€454,€460€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994);Ïòòsee,€e.g.óó,€òòPoeóó,€212€Tenn.€at€420,€370€S.W.2d€at€491.€ÌÌà àà àHaving€found€error€in€the€trial€courtððs€failure€to€instruct€the€jury€onÏrenunciation€and€the€general€defense€of€mistake,€we€turn€to€the€issue€ofÏwhether€these€errors€require€reversal.€€We€are€convinced€that€no€rational€juryÏcould€conclude€by€a€preponderance€of€the€evidence€that€the€defendantÏrenounced€his€crime.€€òòSeeóó€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„204(e)€œ(1997).€›€œFurther,Ïwe€believe€the€only€conclusion€a€rational€jury€could€draw€from€the€totality€of€theÏproof€is€that€the€state€disproved€any€mistake€of€fact€defense€beyond€aÏreasonable€doubt.›€The€defendantððs€statement€in€which€he€sets€forth€his€versionÏof€events€is€inconsistent€with€his€previous€statement,€wherein€he€claimed€toÏhave€no€memory€of€any€events€at€the€bank€other€than€seeing€the€loan€officer.€ÏThe€testimony€of€each€and€every€witness€is€inconsistent€in€some€materialÏrespect€to€the€defendantððs€second€statement.€€Moreover,€the€trial€courtððs€failureÏto€instruct€on€either€renunciation€or€mistake€does€not€affirmatively€appear€toÏhave€affected€the€result€of€the€trial.€€As€such,€the€trial€courtððs€failure€to€give€theÏinstructions€was€harmless€error€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.Ï36(b);€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€52(a);€òòcfóó.€òòState€v.€Manningóó,€500€S.W.2d€913€(Tenn.Í1973)€(failure€to€give€alibi€instruction€was,€at€worst,€harmless€error€in€face€of€theÏstateððs€strong€proof€of€defendantððs€guilt€as€compared€with€defendantððsÏuncorroborated€alibi€evidence).à àà àÌÌà@ àò òIIó óÌà àà àIn€the€remaining€issue,€Jordan€claims€he€was€denied€his€right€to€aÏspeedy€trial.€€The€United€States€and€Tennessee€constitutions€guarantee€theÏcriminal€defendant€the€right€to€a€speedy€trial.€€U.S.€Const.€amends.€XI€and€XIV;ÏTenn.€Const.€art.€I,€ðð€9;€òòState€v.€Utleyóó,€956€S.W.2d€489,€492€(Tenn.€1997);€òòStateÏv.€Jeffersonóó,€938€S.W.2d€1,€11€(Tenn.€Crim.€œApp.›œ),›€òòperm.€app.€deniedóó€(Tenn.Ï1996).€€The€right€to€a€speedy€trial€is€also€statutory€in€Tennessee.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€40„14„101€(1997).€€In€addition,€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€CriminalÏProcedure€provide€for€the€dismissal€of€an€indictment,€presentment,€informationÏor€criminal€complaint€"[i]f€there€is€unnecessary€delay€in€presenting€the€charge€toÏa€grand€jury€against€a€defendant€who€as€been€held€to€answer€to€the€trial€court,Ïor€if€there€is€unnecessary€delay€in€bringing€a€defendant€to€trial€.€.€.€."€€Tenn.€R.ÏCrim.€P.€48(b).ÌÌà àà àNeither€the€constitutional€provisions,€the€statute€nor€the€ruleÏdefines€€the€period€of€time€in€which€the€accused€must€be€brought€to€trial€or€theÍcase€€dismissed,€or€the€precise€point€at€which€the€clock€starts€to€run.€€The€UnitedÏStates€Supreme€Court€has€held€that€"no€speedy€trial€rights€arise€until€afterÏformal€accusation,€either€by€arrest€or€by€grand€jury€action."€€òòUnited€States€v.ÏMarionóó,€404€U.S.€307,€320,€92€S.€Ct.€455,€463€(1971).€€Recently,€the€TennesseeÏSupreme€Court€decided€that€the€issuance€of€an€arrest€warrant,€by€itself,€is€notÏenough€to€trigger€the€protection€of€the€Sixth€Amendment€right€to€a€speedy€trial.€ÏòòUtleyóó,€956€S.W.2d€at€493.€€Either€a€formal€grand€jury€action€or€the€actualÏrestraints€of€an€arrest€are€required.€€òòUtleyóó,€956€S.W.2d€at€493.× ƒ/ ××  ×ÌÌà àà àWhen€an€accused€seeks€the€dismissal€of€a€prosecution€basedÏupon€the€denial€of€the€constitutional€right€to€a€speedy€trial,€the€accused€mustÏestablish€a€period€of€delay€that€is€"presumptively€prejudicial."× ƒ0 ××  ×€€òòJeffersonóó,€938ÏS.W.2d€at€12€(citing€òòDoggett€v.€United€Statesóó,€505€U.S.€647,€651,€112€S.€Ct.Í2686,€2690€(1992));€òòBarker€v.€Wingoóó,€407€U.S.€514,€530,€92€S.€Ct.€2182,€2192Ï(1972).€€The€length€of€the€delay€is€dependent€upon€the€peculiar€circumstancesÏof€each€case,€and€the€delay€that€can€be€tolerated€for€"an€ordinary€street€crime"€isÏgenerally€much€less€than€for€a€serious,€complex€felony€charge.€€òòBarkeróó,€407ÏU.S.€at€530„31,€92€S.€Ct.€at€2193.€€A€delay€of€one€year€or€longer€marks€the€pointÏat€which€courts€deem€the€delay€unreasonable€enough€to€trigger€further€inquiry.€ÏòòUtleyóó,€956€S.W.2d€at€494;€òòDoggettóó,€505€U.S.€at€652,€n.1,€112€S.€Ct.€at€2691,€n.1;Ïòòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Ernest€Vickers,€IIIóó,€No.€02C01„9609„CC„00313,€slip€op.€at€7Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Jackson,€July€3,€1997),€òòperm.€app.€deniedóó€(Tenn.€1998);ÏòòState€v.€Terron€Bledsoeóó,€No.€02C01„9508„CC„00226,€slip€op.€at€3€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.,€Jackson,€July€3,€1997),€òòperm.€app.€deniedóó€(Tenn.€1998).ÌÌà àà àIf€this€threshold€is€crossed,€a€balancing€test€determines€the€meritsÏof€the€speedy€trial€issue.€€In€òòState€v.€Bishopóó,€493€S.W.2d€81,€83„85€(Tenn.Ï1973),€our€supreme€court€recognized€and€adopted€the€balancing€test€set€forth€inÏòòBarker€v.€Wingoóó.€€The€four€factors€which€must€be€balanced€are€(1)€the€length€ofÏthe€delay,€(2)€the€reasons€for€the€delay,€(3)€the€accused's€assertion€of€the€rightÏto€speedy€trial,€and€(4)€the€prejudice€resulting€from€the€delay.€€òòBarkeróó,€407€U.S.Ïat€531,€92€S.€Ct.€at€2192;€òòBishopóó,€493€S.W.2d€at€83„84.ÌÌà àà àIn€the€case€before€us,€the€offenses€occurred€on€May€23,€1994.€€TheÏdefendant€was€arrested€on€May€23,€1994€for€DUI,€and€a€second€arrest€warrantÏwas€issued€the€following€day,€May€24.€€Indictments€were€filed€on€August€1,Ï1994.€€The€defendant€filed€a€òòpro€seóó€motion€for€speedy€trial€on€October€10,Ï1994.× ƒ1 ××  ×€€He€filed€a€òòpro€seóó€motion€to€dismiss€based€upon€deprivation€of€his€right€toÏa€speedy€trial€on€March€13,€1995.€€Counsel€was€appointed€shortly€beforeÏarraignment€in€June€1995.€€The€motion€to€dismiss€was€denied€following€aÏhearing€on€July€24,€1995.€€The€trial€began€on€August€8,€1995.ÌÌà àà àThe€delay€of€more€than€one€year€between€arrest€and€trial€in€thisÏcase€warrants€application€of€the€òòBarkeróó€balancing€test.€€First,€the€length€of€theÏdelay€is€long€enough€to€trigger€further€analysis,€but€it€is€not€egregious.€€WeÏweigh€this€factor€in€favor€of€the€state.€€Second,€we€weigh€the€reason€for€theÏdelay€slightly€in€favor€of€the€defendant.€€The€defendant€claimed€the€delay€wasÏdue€to€the€state's€negligence€but€offered€no€proof.€€The€state€offered€noÏexplanation€for€the€delay.€€We€glean€from€the€record€that€œthe€defendant›€was€inÏstate€custody€during€the€delay€because€his€parole€on€an€earlier€offense€hadÏbeen€revoked.€€Nevertheless,€there€is€nothing€of€record€except€the€delay€itselfÍwhich€is€probative€of€the€state's€negligence.€€Third,€the€defendant€made€an€earlyÏassertion€of€his€right€to€a€speedy€trial.€€This€factor€weighs€in€his€favor.€€Finally,Ïwe€decline€to€find€prejudice€from€the€delay.× ƒ2 ××  ×€€The€defendant€was€incarceratedÏfor€another€conviction€prior€to€his€trial€in€this€case.€€He€alleged€in€his€motionsÏthat€he€suffered€administrative€deprivations€in€the€Department€of€CorrectionÏbecause€of€his€pending€charges;€however,€he€elected€to€present€no€proof€in€thatÏregard€at€the€hearing.€€òòSeeóó€òòUtleyóó,€956€S.W.2d€at€495.€€Further,€he€claimed€anÏallegedly€exculpatory€witness€died€during€the€delay.€€According€to€theÏdefendant's€pleadings,€this€witness€died€in€December€1994.€€We€note€that€theÏdefendant's€crimes€occurred€approximately€seven€months€€earlier.€€Even€if€thisÏcase€had€not€been€delayed€slightly,€the€witness€would€have€in€all€likelihoodÏbeen€dead€prior€to€trial.€€Additionally,€Jordan€presented€no€actual€proof€of€thisÏwitness'€death€or€substance€of€his€anticipated€testimony.€€We€assign€significantÏweight€to€the€fourth€òòBarkeróó€factor€in€favor€of€the€state.ÌÌà àà àOn€balance,€we€agree€with€the€trial€court€that€the€defendant€is€notÏentitled€to€dismissal€of€the€charges€against€him€due€to€a€deprivation€of€his€rightÏto€a€speedy€trial.ÌÌà àà àIn€summary,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà à_______________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àCURWOOD€WITT,€JUDGEÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ€_____________________________ÌGARY€R.€WADE,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÌÌÌÌ_____________________________ÌWILLIAM€M.€BARKER,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌ