ÿWPC  0# °UN» %  0(b7w@?4“¢ 0Jª 0Tô 0^H 0h¦ 0r 0|€ 0†ü 0‚ 1u 0d‡U>ë 0@) D3i Bœ U*¹ B)ã DC AMO 4œ v~Ð AQN ÆŸ 0De 0D© D/í BvÓ9˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLHÎ(ÈhH  Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡- ù- PHQHRSTUDVFeWÓ€cfB\J#3|xf2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò""""'ÿÿdxd d< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d$$$$7Border 1dd* %Cþÿ << Gÿÿ *Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ+"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€#ÔÔ€#ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€#XÔÌÌò òDecember€1,€1997ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€#ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó óPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`*+ ,-Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó..'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÑ ` ÑÔ€ŠÔÔ€#ÔÑ\R AØ'\ћрÑÑ7€…XXdìdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÓ  Óœò òÙ€*ÙßR€&'%A1-j|Æ` Å `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌAT€JACKSONÌÌAUGUST€SESSION,€1997ÌÌ€ÌÌÓ  ÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà à)€€€€€€€C.C.A.€NO.€02C01„9604„CC„00219Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àó óÌà àà àAppellee,ò òà àà àà à)€€€€€€€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)€€€€€€€DYER€COUNTYÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àÌV.à àà àà àà àà àà à)€€€€€€€HON.€JOE€G.€RILEY,€JUDGEÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)€€€€€€€ó óÌò òJERE€LOWELL€JOSEPH,à àà à)€€€€€€€ó óÌà àà àà àà àà àò òà à)ó ó€€€€€€€ò ò(POSSESSION€OF€COCAINEó óÌà àà àAppellant.à àà àò òà à)€€€€€€€WITH€INTENT€TO€SELL)€Ìó óÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓÌÓ  ÓòòFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:à àà àà àòòFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:ÌÌò òG.€STEPHEN€DAVIS€à àà àà àJOHN€KNOX€WALKUP€Ìó óDistrict€Public€Defenderà àà àà àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÌ208€North€Mill€Avenueà0 àÌP.O.€Box€742ò òà àà àà àà àDEBORAH€A.€TULLIS€Ìó óDyersburg,€TN€38024à àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à2nd€Floor,€Cordell€Hull€BuildingÌà àà àà àà àà àà à425€Fifth€Avenue€North€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37243ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àò òC.€PHILLIP€BIVENS€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àó óDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àò òJAMES€E.€LANIERó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àP.O.€Box€E€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àDyersburg,€TN€38024ÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED€________________________ÌÌAFFIRMED€ÌÌTHOMAS€T.€WOODALL,€JUDGEÇÓ  ÓÔ€#°Ôò òòòOPINIONóóó óÔ€#ŠÔÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓÓÓà àThe€Defendant,€Jere€Lowell€Joseph,€appeals€as€of€right,€reserving€aÏcertified€question€of€law€pursuant€to€Rule€37(b)(2)(iv)€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€ofÏCriminal€Procedure€from€his€conviction€of€possession€with€intent€to€sell€or€deliverÏcocaine€over€0.5€grams.€€The€trial€court€denied€Defendantððs€motion€to€suppressÏevidence€seized€as€a€result€of€a€search€of€a€trailer€in€Dyer€County€whereÏDefendant€occasionally€resided.€€The€specific€certified€question€of€law€before€thisÏcourt,€as€set€forth€in€Defendantððs€brief€is€as€follows:€€ÌÓÓÌà8 àWhether€Dyersburg€Police€Department€Officer€Robertsðð€actions€ofÏclimbing€to€the€third€step€at€818€Vernon€Street€to€knock€on€theÏDefendantððs€trailer€door€to€ð ðrequest€an€interviewðð€with€anotherÏoccupant€were€a€warrantless€search€for€the€purposes€of€€theÏFourth€Amendment€of€the€United€States€Constitution€and€Article€I,€ÏSection€7€of€the€Constitution€of€the€State€of€Tennessee.€€ÌÓÓÌà àAfter€a€review€of€the€record,€the€briefs€filed€by€the€parties,€and€theÏapplicable€law,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌà àWe€initially€note€that€we€are€limited€in€our€review€of€this€case€to€theÏprecise€issue€stated€in€the€certified€question€of€law.€€òòState€v.€Pendergrassóó,€937ÏS.W.2d€834,€836„37€(Tenn.€1996);€òòState€v.€Prestonóó,€759€S.W.2d€647,€650Ï(Tenn.€1988).€€Ìà àOn€December€21,€1995,€Officer€Ernie€Roberts€of€the€Dyersburg€PoliceÏDepartment€received€information€from€a€confidential€informant€that€a€young€manÏhad€been€seen€on€Bruce€Street€with€a€ð ðgood€amountðð€of€cocaine€on€him.€€OfficerÏRoberts€observed€€the€area€for€about€45€minutes€before€seeing€a€young€manÏwho€fit€the€description€given€to€him€by€the€informant.€€He€called€for€back„up€andÏthen€watched€the€young€man€enter€a€trailer€home€at€818€Vernon€Street.€€TheÏman€Roberts€saw€enter€the€trailer€was€not€the€Defendant.€€Officer€RobertsÏwaited€for€the€young€man€to€come€back€out€of€the€trailer,€but€he€never€did.€ÏHowever,€he€knew€that€Teresa€Spence€lived€in€the€same€trailer€because€sheÏhad€cooperated€with€him€in€the€past.€€Roberts€testified€that€Ms.€Spence€hadÏpreviously€told€him€ð ðany€way€she€could€ever€help€the€police€department,€let€herÏknow.ðð€€After€a€short€while,€Roberts€decided€to€go€knock€on€the€door€and€askÏMs.€Spence€to€step€outside€and€speak€with€him.€€Officer€Roberts€testified€thatÏhe€wanted€to€find€out€the€name€of€the€young€man€he€observed€enter€her€trailerÏð ðfor€investigative€purposes€maybe€later€on€down€the€road.ðð€€As€Officer€RobertsÏwalked€up€to€the€trailer€he€saw€the€shadow€of€someone€hurriedly€go€by€theÏwindow€of€the€door€and€then€fade€away.€€Officer€Roberts€then€climbed€theÏsteps€leading€to€the€door,€and€knocked€on€it.€€He€testified€that€he€stood€on€theÏtop€step€when€knocking€in€order€to€protect€himself€from€possibly€being€shot€byÏone€of€the€occupants€of€the€trailer.€€Standing€on€the€top€step€allowed€the€officerÍto€position€himself€appropriately€on€the€ð ðstrong€sideðð€of€the€door.€€The€stepsÏwere€eight€inches€wide€and€were€not€secured€with€railings.€ÌÌà àAs€he€knocked€on€the€door,€Officer€Roberts€saw€the€Defendant€throughÏthe€top€window€pane€of€the€front€door.€€The€Defendant€€was€kneeling€on€theÏfloor€over€an€open€vent,€holding€a€table€plate€covered€with€what€appeared€toÏbe€rock€cocaine.€€There€were€three€panes€of€glass€in€the€door,€but€only€the€topÏone€was€clear€glass.€€Roberts€testified€that€he€observed€the€Defendant€onlyÏthrough€the€top€clear€window€pane.€€Officer€Roberts€stated€that€he€certainly€didÏnot€ð ðexpect€to€see€a€man€with€a€plate€full€of€cocaine€standing€in€the€door€lookingÏat€[him].ðð€€Roberts€immediately€hollered,€ð ðOpen€the€Door.€€Police.€€Now.ðð€€No€oneÏcame€to€the€door,€so€Officer€Roberts€yelled€the€same€thing€two€or€three€moreÏtimes.€€He€then€attempted€to€open€the€door,€but€his€hand€slipped€from€the€doorÏknob€€causing€him€to€step€back€into€the€yard.€€ÌÌà àAt€this€point€he€told€Officer€Jason€Salyards,€also€of€the€Dyersburg€PoliceÏDepartment,€what€he€had€observed€through€the€window€and€asked€him€toÏopen€the€door.€€Officer€Salyards€opened€the€door€and€Officer€Roberts€went€intoÏthe€trailer.€€The€Defendant€was€still€kneeling€on€the€floor,€but€the€plate€wasÏempty€with€ð ða€lot€of€white€chunky€substance€laying€just€inside€the€vent.ðð€ÏRoberts€handcuffed€the€Defendant,€and€then€asked€Teresa€Spence€forÍpermission€to€search€the€rest€of€the€trailer€without€a€warrant.€€Ms.€Spence€gaveÏhim€€permission€and€Roberts€seized€the€cocaine€and€further€discoveredÏadditional€cocaine€residue€and€several€razor€blades€on€the€living€room€table.€ÏOfficer€Roberts€also€seized€approximately€$700€in€cash€from€the€DefendantððsÏpants€pocket,€as€well€as€an€additional€$27€in€cash€from€his€hand.€€€€€€Ìà àÌà àThe€ð ðparty€prevailing€in€the€trial€court€is€entitled€to€the€strongest€legitimateÏview€of€the€evidence€adduced€at€the€suppression€hearing€as€well€as€allÏreasonable€and€legitimate€inferences€that€may€be€drawn€from€that€evidence.ðð€ÏòòState€v.€Odomóó,€928€S.W.2d€18,€23€(Tenn.€1996).€€The€credibility€of€witnesses,Ïthe€weight€of€the€evidence,€and€the€resolution€of€conflicts€in€the€evidence€are€allÏmatters€entrusted€to€the€trial€judge€as€trier€of€fact.€€òòIdóó.€€Thus,€the€factual€findingsÏof€the€trial€court€in€suppression€hearings€are€presumptively€correct€on€appealÏand€will€be€upheld€unless€the€evidence€preponderates€against€them.€€òòIdóó.€ÌÌà à€In€the€narrow€issue€presented€here,€the€Defendant€claims€that€OfficerÏRobertsðð€actions€of€climbing€to€the€top€step€of€the€trailer€to€request€an€interviewÏwith€Ms.€Spence€amounted€to€an€illegal€warrantless€search.€€This€Court€findsÏthat€the€actions€of€Officer€Roberts€do€not€amount€to€a€search,€and€therefore,€noÏFourth€Amendment€protection€attaches.€€In€òòState€v.€Byerlyóó,€our€supreme€courtÏnoted€the€following:ÌÓÓà8 àNot€every€observation€made€by€a€government€agent€amounts€to€aÏsearch€within€the€meaning€of€the€Fourth€Amendment.€€The€policeÏmay€take€note€of€anything€that€is€evident€to€any€of€their€senses,€asÏlong€as€they€are€in€a€place€where€they€have€a€right€to€be,€and€asÏlong€as€they€do€not€resort€to€extraordinary€means€to€make€theÏobservation.€.€.€.€These€observations€are€fully€usable€to€provideÏprobable€cause€to€obtain€a€search€or€arrest€warrant€or€for€theÏpolice€to€conclude€€that€exigent€circumstances€exist€requiringÏimmediate€seizure.ÌÌ635€S.W.2d€511,€513€(Tenn.€1982);€òòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Hurleyóó,€876€S.W.2d€57,Ï67€ÌÌ(Tenn.€1993).€€ÌÌÓÓÌà à€This€Court€has€observed€that€one€does€not€have€an€expectation€ofÏprivacy€ð ðin€the€front€of€his€residence€which€leads€from€the€public€way€to€the€frontÏdoor.ðð€€òòState€v.€Bakeróó,€625€S.W.2d€724,€727€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1981).€€ClearlyÏOfficer€Roberts€had€a€right€to€knock€on€the€front€door€to€question€a€lady€whoÏhad€cooperated€with€the€police€in€the€past.€€Furthermore,€he€had€a€right€to€standÏon€the€top€step€in€order€to€protect€himself€from€possible€violence€by€theÏoccupants€of€the€trailer.€€Officer€Roberts€observed€what€any€person€wouldÏhave€been€able€to€observe€from€the€same€position.€€The€observation€OfficerÏRoberts€made€from€the€top€step€was€one€which€was€ð ðclearly€visible,€readilyÏobservable€and€open€to€public€gaze.ðð€€òòByerlyóó,€635€S.W.2d€at€513.€€€ÌÌà àThis€case€is€distinguishable€from€òòState€v.€Bowlingóó,€where€an€officer€ð ðgotÏdown€on€his€hands€and€knees€with€his€head€almost€touching€the€ground€andÏlooked€into€the€garage.ðð€€867€S.W.2d€338,€342€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€€In€thatÏcase€the€officer€resorted€to€an€extraordinary€method€of€observation,€whereasÏOfficer€Robertsðð€actions€here€were€but€a€ð ðmere€œnonintrusive›€observation.ðð€ÏòòByerlyóó,€635€S.W.2d€at€515.€€€Based€upon€the€record,€we€hold€that€OfficerÏRobertsðð€actions€of€climbing€to€the€third€step€to€knock€on€the€trailer€door€was€notÏa€warrantless€search€violative€of€Defendantððs€rights€guaranteed€by€the€FourthÏAmendment€of€the€United€States€Constitution€or€Article€I,€Section€7€of€theÏConstitution€of€the€State€of€Tennessee.€ÌÌà àWe€therefore€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.Ìà àÌÓ  ÓÓÓà àà àà àà àà à____________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àTHOMAS€T.€WOODALL,€Judge€ÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌDAVID€G.€HAYES,€JudgeÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌJERRY€L.€SMITH,€Judge