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(9 Z 6Times New Roman RegularX,cAZ"Arial RegularR& 8BibliogrphyBibliography0....fp2Doc InitInitialize Document StyleS "    I. 1. A. a.(1)(a) i) a)S !($0 ($0 0 (($0 0 0   A_ekqwDocumentDocument StyleI.1.A.a.(1)(a)i)a)jo4Tech InitInitialize Technical StyleS $  1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 S CuyTechnicalTechnical Document Style11.11.1.11.1.1.11.1.1.1.11.1.1.1.1.11.1.1.1.1.1.11.1.1.1.1.1.1.1x?t2PleadingHeader for numbered pleading paper &  '(X "XXXXXXX "   XXXXX?4('*dE*??4('*dE*?PP1PP2PP3PP4PP5PP6PP7PP8PP910111213141516171819202122232425262728  .+(2]$ 3!  XrXXXXXXXr`   TRY3'Letter3' 3' Letter3'T   ($    (!25$ 3!  XrXXXXXXXr`   TRY3'Letter3' 3' Letter3'T   Ӏ  0    CRight ParRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersI.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)3|e)($  X "XXXXXXX "`   TRY3'Letter3' 3' Letter3'T   d PeDӀڃ"2 0Indent123  2" 0Indent20 23  2, 0Indent30 0 23  26 0Indent40 0 0 23  2@ 0Indent50 0 0 0 23  2J 0Indent60 0 0 0 0 23  2T 0Indent70 0 0 0 0 0 23  2^ 0Indent80 0 0 0 0 0 0 23  ("$    4444'dxd9:<=>?@A ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P 8Mac DefaultMac Default ` X<  9p`(&Times New Roman<  9p`(Arial% Line 7 dPPPP7Border 1ddBQC << G  3!  #d#N  O `   \R3'\  O   YYY FILEDOX October9,1997CecilCrowson,Jr.OAppellateCourtClerk  ] 3!#d#N  O `   \R3'\   ` X    Ҁ     Wenotethatthetranscriptoftheproceedingsandthedefendantsbriefshowshislastnametobe Jarnigan.Thepolicyofthiscourtistousethenameunderwhichadefendantwasindicted.Inthiscase,theindictmentidentifiesthedefendantas RickyLeeJarnagin.  3!#d#N  O `   \R3'\   ` X    Ҁ     TheEaglesClubisaprivatesocialclublocatedinMorristown,Tennessee.  3!#d#N  O `   \R3'\   ` X    Ҁ     Forexample,hemaynotrememberthedoctorfromonevisittothenext.  3!#d#N  O `   \R3'\   ` X    Ҁ     Evenifonecreditsthedefendantstestimonythathewasslappedonthesideofthehead,thedefendantadmittedthathedidnotknowforcertainwhohadhithim.  3!#d#N  O `   \R3'\       @ \R3'\р     ` XXInthetrialcourt,thedefendantdidnotdisputetheaccuracyoftherecordincludedinthepresentencereport.Hecontendedonlythatsomeoftheconvictionsweremorethantenyearsoldandshouldnotbeusedtoenhancehissentence.Hehasnotraisedthisissueonappeal.PtPtHH(FG(HH(d'`Styl{WP}01  HH  2$HH  Geneva  <Px443!#4$*$$*$ KK  Geneva  Geneva .,6 Geneva   ion-F Geneva  ion-F Geneva BC<< CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$   1  ' dxdP Pd 3! . N  O `   \R3'\  ݛ    7XXdd7  \RA'\` ` XӜRRSQA1-j|`  `@Rߛ @ INTHECOURTOFCRIMINALAPPEALSOFTENNESSEÈ@ ATKNOXVILLE @ JUNE,1997SESSION STATEOFTENNESSEE, )    ) No.03C019609CR00351  Appellee,  )     )vs.    ) HamblenCounty     ) RICKYLEEJARNAGIN ,  ) HonorableJamesE.Beckner,Judge    )  Appellant.  )    ) (RecklessAggravatedAssault)           FORTHEAPPELLANT:   FORTHEAPPELLEE:CHARLESG.CURRIER   JOHNKNOXWALKUP709MarketSt.    AttorneyGeneral&ReporterKnoxville,TN37902     MARVINE.CLEMENTS,JR.     AssistantAttorneyGeneral     CriminalJusticeDivision     450JamesRobertsonParkway     Nashville,TN372430493      C.BERKELEYBELL     DistrictAttorneyGeneral     109E.MainSt.,Ste.501     Greenville,TN37743     VICTORVAUGHN     AssistantDistrictAttorneyGeneral     520AllisonSt.     Morristown,TN37814OPINIONFILED:____________________ AFFIRMED CURWOODWITTJUDGE@ OPINION` XX Thedefendant,RickyLeeJarnagin T   ,wasconvictedinajurytrialintheHamblenCountyCriminalCourtofrecklessaggravatedassault,aClassDfelony.AsaRangeI,standardoffender,hereceivedafouryearsentenceintheDepartmentofCorrectionandaonethousanddollarfine.Inthisdirectappeal,thedefendantchallengesthesufficiencyoftheevidenceandcontendsthathereceivedaninappropriatesentence. Weaffirmthejudgmentofthetrialcourt. ThegrandjuryreturnedatwocountindictmentagainstthedefendantforintentionallyandknowinglycausingseriousbodilyinjurytoBobbyJoeHayes(Count1)andEdwardMyers(Count2).Tenn.CodeAnn.3913102(a)(1)(A).ThecasearoseoutofanincidentthatoccurredonJuly2,1995intheparkinglotoftheEaglesClub U   ׀inwhichthedefendantstruckBobbyHayesonceandEdwardMyerstwice.ThedefendantpleadedguiltytosimpleassaultintheattackonEdwardMyers,andthestatedismissedCount2oftheindictmentpriortotrial.OnMarch12,1996,thejuryacquittedthedefendantofaggravatedassaultasdefinedbyTennesseeCodeAnnotatedsection3913102(a)(1)(A)andfoundhimguiltyofrecklessaggravatedassault.Tenn.CodeAnn.3913102(a)(2)(A)(Supp.1996). Accordingtotestimonysubmittedattrial,thedefendantarrivedattheEaglesClubduringtheeveningofJuly2.Ashewasnotamemberoftheprivateclub,herangthebellatthebackdoor.Afriend,whowasamember,agreed tosignhiminasaguest.Oftheapproximately20membersinattendancethatevening,somewereshootingpool,othersweredrinkinginthebar,andotherswerejustsocializing.Severalmemberstestifiedastotheeventstheyobservedduringthecourseoftheevening.PeggyHayes,thevictimswife,observedthedefendantgoingfromtabletotableandtalkingloudly.SheoverheardhimtellEddieMyersthattherewassomeguytherethathecould whoop.Otherwitnessestestifiedthatthedefendantaskedthemwhethereveryoneintheplacewasscaredoriftheywerejuststuckup.EddieMyers,whohadworkedwiththedefendant,hadafriendlyconversationwithhim.Atsomepoint,however,thebarmanagerbecameuneasyaboutthedefendantsbehavior,andthefriendwhohadagreedtoberesponsibleforthedefendantasaguestdecidedtowithdrawhissignature.Attherequestofthemanager,EddieMyerstoldthedefendantthathewouldhavetoleaveandwalkedwithhimtothebackdoor.Asthedefendantsteppedoutintotheparkinglot,Myersturnedbacktospeaktosomeone,andwhenheturnedaroundagain,thedefendanthithimtwiceinthefacewithhisfist.CarolCodyreportedhearingsomethinghitthebuilding,andwhensheopenedthedoor,shesawthedefendanthitMyers. Atleastfourorfiveothermemberscameoutintotheparkinglot.CodytestifiedthatshepulledthedefendantshairandshovedhimawayfromMyers.Shesaidthatthedefendantslappedher,and,afterexchangingsomeheatedwords,heturnedtowalktowardhiscar.BobbyHayes,whosometimesservedasbarmanager,followedcloselybehindhim.Accordingtothestateswitnesses,thedefendantsuddenlyturnedaroundandpunchedHayesintheface.Hayesfellbackwardsstrikinghisheadhardagainstthepavement.Thedefendantjumpedinhiscarandlefttheparkinglot. ThedefendantsstatementtothepoliceandhistestimonyattrialconfirmedthefactthathewasaskedtoleavetheclubandthatEddieMyerswalkedwithhimtothedoor.However,thedefendantallegedthatMyershadtakenhisarmandshovedhimoutthedoor.Whenheprotested,theygotintoascuffleinwhichhehitMyerstwotimes.AfterhisconfrontationwithCody,sheandthevictimfollowedhimtohiscar.Theywerewalkingverycloselybehindhim.Thedefendantsaidthathewasfrightenedbecauseseveralclubmembershadpursuedhimintotheparkinglot,andwhensomeoneslappedhimonthesideofthehead,heturnedandstruckthepersonclosesttohim.HedidnotknowBobbyHayesandhadneverspokentohim. Hayeswasseriouslyinjured.Hewassemiconsciouswhenhearrivedatthelocalhospital.FromtherehewastakenbyhelicoptertothetraumacenteratUniversityofTennesseeHospitalinKnoxville.Hesufferedafracturetothebaseofhisskull,variousabrasionsandbruisestothesofttissueofthebrain,andfracturedbonesinhisface.Hisconditionwascomplicatedbythefactthathehadasteelplateinhisskullfromapreviousinjuryalthoughhisdoctortestifiedthatthecurrentinjurywastoadifferentareaofthebrain.Hispermanentinjuriesincludealimitedgripinhisrighthand,seriousshorttermmemoryloss, V   ׀andadecreasedabilitytocontrolhisfrustrationandanger.Hespentsixweeksinthehospitalandanothermonthinarehabilitationcenter.Medicalexpensesexceeded$150,000. Basedonthisevidence,thejuryacquittedthedefendantofanintentionalorknowingaggravatedassaultbutfoundhimguiltyofrecklessaggravatedassaultpursuanttoTennesseeCodeAnnotatedsection3913102(a)(2)(A)andrecommendedafineofonethousanddollars.Thedefendantnowcontendsthattheevidencedoesnotestablishbeyondareasonabledoubtalltheelementsofthecrime.Werespectfullydisagree. Whenanaccusedchallengesthesufficiencyoftheevidence,anappellatecourtsstandardofreviewis,whetherafterconsideringtheevidenceinthelightmostfavorabletotheprosecution,anyrationaltrieroffactcouldhavefoundtheessentialelementsofthecrimebeyondareasonabledoubt.Jacksonv.Virginia,443U.S.307,317(1979);Statev.Duncan,698S.W.2d63,67(Tenn.1985);Tenn.R.App.P.13(e).Thisruleisapplicabletofindingsofguiltbasedupondirectevidence,circumstantialevidence,oracombinationofdirectandcircumstantialevidence.Statev.Dykes,803S.W.2d250,253(Tenn.Crim.App.1990). Indeterminingthesufficiencyoftheevidence,thiscourtshouldnotreweighorreevaluatetheevidence.Statev.Matthews,805S.W.2d250,253(Tenn.Crim.App.1990).Normaythiscourtsubstituteitsinferencesforthosedrawnbythetrieroffactfromtheevidence.Liakasv.State,199Tenn.298,286S.W.2d856,859(1956),cert.denied325U.S.845,77S.Ct.39(1956);Farmerv.State,574S.W.2d49,51(Tenn.Crim.App.1978).Onthecontrary,thiscourtisrequiredtoaffordtheStateofTennesseethestrongestlegitimateviewoftheevidencecontainedintherecordaswellasallreasonableandlegitimateinferenceswhichmaybedrawnfromtheevidence.Cabbage,571S.W.2dat835. Theappellantwastriedandconvictedbyajury.Aguiltyverdictfromthejury,approvedbythetrialjudge,accreditsthetestimonyoftheState'switnessesandresolvesallconflictsinfavoroftheState.Statev.Williams,657S.W.2d405,410(Tenn.1983);Statev.Hatchett,560S.W.2d627,639(Tenn.1978).Sinceaverdictofguiltyremovesthepresumptionofinnocenceandreplacesitwithapresumptionofguilt,theaccusedhastheburdeninthiscourtofdemonstratingwhytheevidenceisinsufficient,asamatteroflaw,tosupporttheverdict.Statev.Tuggle,639S.W.2d913,914(Tenn.1982). ApersoncommitsanaggravatedassaultpursuanttoTennesseeCodeAnnotatedsection3913102(a)(2)(A)whenherecklesslycausesseriousbodilyinjurytoanother.Apersonactsrecklesslywhenthepersonisawareofasubstantialandunjustifiableriskthatagivenresultwilloccurbutconsciouslydisregardsthatrisk.Tenn.CodeAnn.3911302(c)(1990).Thenatureanddegreeoftheriskmustbesuchthatitsdisregardconstitutes agrossdeviationfromthestandardofcareanordinarypersonwouldrecognize.Id. Inthisinstance,therecordcontainsmorethanadequateevidencetosupportthedefendantsconviction.Thedefendant,inplainviewofseveralwitnesses,swungaroundandhitthevictimfullforceinthefacewithhisfist.Noneofthewitnessessawthevictim,whoistwentyyearsolderthanthedefendant,makeanyaggressivegesturesortouchthedefendant.Thedefendantdidnotknowthevictimandhadneverexchangedanywordswithhim.Withoutquestion,thedefendantactedrecklesslybyslamminghisfistintothefaceofamanwhomhedidnotknowandwhohaddonenothingmorethreateningthanwalkbehindhiminaparkinglot. W   כ Thedefendantexcuseshisactionsonthegroundsthathewasfrightenedbythefiveorsixpeoplewhohadcomeoutoftheclub.Hethoughtthattheywere allgoingtocomeoutonme,and,therefore,hewasjustifiedinattackingMr.Hayes.Thetrialcourtinstructedthejuryonselfdefense,andthejuryrejectedthatdefense.Questionsconcerningthecredibilityofthewitnesses,theweightandvalueoftheevidence,aswellasallfactualissuesraisedbytheevidenceareresolvedbythetrieroffact.Statev.Cabbage,571S.W.2d833,835(Tenn.1978).Thejuryaccreditedthestateswitnessesanddisregardedthedefendantstestimony.Allfactualconflictshavebeenresolvedinfavorofthestate.Statev.Williams,657S.W.2d405,410(Tenn.1983).Thedefendantsactionconstitutesa grossdeviationfromthestandardsimposedbyacivilizedsociety. Asresultofthedefendantsrecklessact,thevictimspentweeksinthehospitalandwillneverfullyrecoverfromhisinjuries.Thedefendantsrecklessactcausedseriousbodilyinjury.Anyrationaljurorcouldhavefoundtheelementsofrecklessaggravatedassaultbeyondareasonabledoubt.Jacksonv.Virginia,443U.S.307,317(1979);Statev.Duncan,698S.W.2d63,67(Tenn.1985);Tenn.R.App.P.13(e). Ashissecondissue,thedefendantquestionswhetherthetrialcourtimposedtheappropriatesentence.Thedefendantsbriefinthisrespectistotallyinadequate.Itcontainsoneparagraphonthesentencingissueandlacksanymeaningfullegalargumentorcitationtoauthorities.Issueswhicharenotproperlysupportedmaybetreatedaswaived.Tenn.R.Ct.Crim.App.10(b).However,wechosetodiscussbrieflythedefendantssinglecomplaint. Whenadefendantappealsasentencingissue,thelawrequiresthiscourttoconductadenovoreviewoftherecord.Iftherecordaffirmativelydemonstratesthatthetrialcourtconsideredthesentencingprinciplesandallrelevantfactsandcircumstances,thereviewisconductedwithapresumptionthatthedeterminationsmadebythetrialcourtarecorrect.Tenn.CodeAnn.4035401(d);Statev.Ashby,823S.W.2d166,169(Tenn.1991);Statev.Byrd,861S.W.2d377,379(Tenn.Crim.App.1993).Thedefendanthastheburdentoshowthathissentenceisimproper.Statev.Gregory,862S.W.2d574,578(Tenn.Crim.App.1993). ThegistofdefendantscomplaintisthatthetrialjudgeincorrectlyconsideredthemisdemeanorconvictionarisingoutofhisattackonEddieMyers,andthatthetrialjudgeplacedinordinateweightonthatconvictioninarrivingatthefouryearsentence.Thetranscriptofthesentencinghearingisnotclearastowhetherthetrialjudgeactuallyconsideredtheconvictioninquestioninhissentencingdecision.However,therecorddoesshowthatwhenthetrialjudgemadethereferencetotheweight,hewasreferringnottooneconviction,buttotheemphasishewasplacingonthedefendantsentirerecordwhichshowsconvictionsfordrivingwhileimpaired,strikingapoliceofficer,andassaultandbattery. X   כEvenwithoutthequestionedconviction,thetrialcourtwasjustifiedinplacinggreatweightonthedefendantsprevioushistoryofcriminalconvictionsorcriminalbehavior.Tenn.CodeAnn.4035114(1)(1990). Thedefendantraisesnoobjectiontotheothertwoenhancementfactorsortothetrialjudgesdenialofalternativesentencing.Thereforewedonotaddressthoseissuesindetail.Wehavecarefullyreviewedtherecord,thepresentencereport,andthetranscriptofthesentencinghearing.Thetrialcourtfoundthattheevidencesupportedthreeenhancementfactors:(1)thatthedefendanthasaprevioushistoryofcriminalconvictionsorcriminalbehaviorbeyondthatnecessarytoestablishtheappropriaterange;(8)thatthedefendanthasaprevioushistoryofunwillingnesstocomplywithconditionsofreleaseintothecommunity;and(10)thedefendanthadnohesitationaboutcommittingacrimewhentherisktohumanlifewashigh.Tenn.CodeAnn.4035114(1),(8),(10)(1990).Althoughwefindtheapplicabilityofenhancementfactor10tobequestionableinthiscase,weconcludethatthedefendantsprovenpropensityforviolence,hisinabilitytoacceptanyresponsibilityforhisactions,andhisfailuretocompletesuccessfullyapreviousprobationaryperiodaresufficienttojustifyafouryearsentenceintheDepartmentofCorrectionasaRangeIoffender. Weaffirmthedefendantsconvictionforrecklessaggravatedassaultandthesentenceimposedbythetrialcourt.      __________________________      CURWOODWITT,Judge______________________________JOHNH.PEAY,Judge______________________________JOSEPHM.TIPTON,Judge