ÿWPC- >à»å0™{‡”ÅX±ãm]Œ”Iä=…åÁzv¿k‘€.„åhÀ’°!óXÆÆp{®p$‡I÷Ìo@#õí #‘y—JÙhå`b‰ËU~fpª2td‡ 1¥C’c·š3ª`ö¯ª!J¬…nîÍÛ[Û÷¤ ÚûŒ ãhgh›½EX·êé…‚¤~kD,<øµØî8iY„@вøÓCüø=€à»f¾dM:×$¼ðG ´•ÚF™R÷‡|ClîWÃiæÑׂ³ Qï¬ïZw©à?t¸Q”e Qé3ˆÅ{p"`ºnœåOË&ÞÞ’ …ÆHŒ4 wÇ6 ˆqå¦}9Qa 7Ñ…ã:ä·¨’Þ Si$¢›@R¨îƒ­ qgCÝñQj®¤rZÓŽÃ'hi§Ä71H^#Cé” ;œ2„A,®ºôª3À‰óŒ0‘…J!7s2ž·¼ÆÁA‡5éÿ³z¢QˆK¦ßß÷lÁ°§–QŒÀ:k5W «äBÝ\èèÊó}Å)Á|‹˜çqgÉ–ðpµ;М£‚ÉÍV XR7mdÞªIËûýسÆ:2Þ6ìEòʶBì*ôoR~-—ôÛçÝÛ'½QUùk‡XFÞôÓFÌ•¨pÍ!f$t %XN^ 0ˆ`UQNèŠ6 zÀ Ò: z Ò† ^ Xwd4h|Æ‹ÆQÆÆÝ£N¥ m§#Á¾E 0DUNÅiq||U@íµ---U>âââ        b,44444444444LIÖ••••••• k!k!é!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 0ëh"h"h"h" BS#S# 0¤p# D5$ D-I$ 0Kv$v$ ASÁ$Æ% 0¤Ú% 0D~& A«Â&Â&Â&Â&Â&Â&Â&Â&Â&Â&m'm'ç((th)h)4Ü*Ü*q,»*(`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular Ò  ' ib014r200ib014r20 .   ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt(~†-s üPH,ü¤¦3|xLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PCL 6ÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman Regular _Ý ƒR~ã$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¢Õò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€€As€we€explain,€òòinfraóó,€the€trial€court€incorrectly€applied€the€standard€for€determining€insanity€to€itsÐ ° Ðconsideration€of€the€appellantððs€competence€to€stand€Ô_Ôtrial.Ô_Ô gÝ ƒR~ã$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú9Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¢Õò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€€WÔ‡ô¢Õòòô¢ÕÔe€commend€both€parties€for€supplying€this€court€with€excellent€briefs€which€were€of€great€assistance€inÐ ° Ðaddressing€the€issues€raised€on€appeal.€Ô#†ô¢Õòòô¢Õ#Ô(ÖÃ9 Z‹(Times New Roman  «Ý ƒR~ã$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¢Õò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Dr.€Ô_ÔSneedÔ_Ô€explained€that,€ð ðaccording€to€the€social€worker€information,€[the€appellant]€was€a€victim€of€sexualÐ ° Ðabuse.€€But,€also,€her€oldest€childððs€father€is€[the€appellantððs]€father.€€And€her€oldest€daughter€has€a€child€by€the€father.ððô\  `‹&Times New Roman Ý ƒR~ã$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú10Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¢Õò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€€We€note€that€because€this€court€has€concluded€that€the€appellant€is€not€competent€to€stand€trial€pursuant€toÐ ° ÐTennessee€Code€Annotated€section€33„7„301(b)(1)(A)€(2001),€upon€remand,€the€State€may€seek€involuntary€commitmentÐ tÄ Ðfor€the€appellant€under€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€33„5„403€(2001).€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€33„5„402€(2001).- ù- Ý ƒR~ã$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¢Õò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€€On€cross„examination,€PMT€responded€in€the€affirmative€when€asked€if€she€was€sitting€between€the€appellantÐ ° Ðand€Harris.€ BÝ ƒR~ã$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú12Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¢Õò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€€In€the€appellantððs€brief,€the€appellant€admits€that€ð ðthe€transcript€does€not€reflect€that€conversation€on€theÐ ° Ðrecord,€although€references€are€made€to€it.€.€.€.€€Counsel€will€attempt€to€supplement€the€record€with€this€additionalÐ tÄ Ðtestimony€as€well.ðð€€However,€there€is€no€indication€in€the€record€that€the€appellant€has€attempted€to€supply€this€courtÐ 8ˆ Ðwith€the€additional€evidence.€€ ÌÝ ƒR~ã$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú13Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¢Õò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€€Peripherally,€we€note€that,€beginning€July€4,€2002,€ð ð[Ô_Ôt]heÔ_Ô€2002€amendment€[to€Tennessee€Code€AnnotatedÐ ° Ðsection€40„35„114]€added€present€[enhancement€factor]€(1)€and€Ô_ÔredesignatedÔ_Ô€former€(1)€through€(22)€as€present€(2)Ð tÄ Ðthrough€(23),€respectively.ðð€€Ô_ÔTennÔ_Ô.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114,€Amendments€(Supp.€2002).€€Thus,€enhancement€factor€(2)Ð 8ˆ Ðbecomes€enhancement€factor€(3),€enhancement€factor€(4)€becomes€enhancement€factor€(5),€etc.ÿÿ7421-14 ßÝ ƒR~ã$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú11Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¢Õò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€€We€will€address€the€issues€in€a€different€order€than€they€were€raised€in€appellantððs€brief.(|G2~ã$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€ »»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¢Õò»»Ô d(|3p$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€ »»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV)ÿÿ!dxdx)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3p$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€ »»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKK Ý ƒR~ã$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¢Õò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€The€appellant€has€two€older€children€who€are€adults€and€did€not€live€with€the€appellant€at€the€time€of€theseÐ ° Ðoffenses.€ ÝÝ ƒR~ã$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¢Õò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€It€is€the€policy€of€this€court€to€refer€to€minor€victims€of€sexual€crimes€by€their€initials.€€ jÝ ƒR~ã$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¢Õò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Prior€to€1997,€the€Department€of€Human€Services€(DHS)€investigated€cases€involving€child€abuse.€€However,Ð ° Ðin€1997,€DCS€was€created€as€a€separate€department€to€focus€solely€on€cases€regarding€the€welfare€of€children. *Ý ƒR~ã$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¢Õò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€€The€appellant€was€originally€indicted€as€a€result€of€this€incident.€€However,€prior€to€the€jury€charge,€the€StateÐ ° Ðdismissed€the€charges€involving€RT.€ gÝ ƒR~ã$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¢Õò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Judge€Robert€L.€Jones€presided€over€the€competency€hearing€which€occurred€on€October€26,€1999,€and€onÐ ° ÐNovember€1,€1999.€€Thereafter,€Judge€Jim€T.€Hamilton€presided€over€the€proceedings€in€the€appellantððs€case.Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€ »»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼ »»»ÔÑ8€JáXXdì»»d8Ñà@ttìàÔ‡îì ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@kk$ìàAT€NASHVILLEÔ#†¼ »îîì #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àApril€9,€2002€SessionÐ üL ÐÔ‡XJáX»¼ ÔÌò òÔ#†¼ »XXJá#ÔòòSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEóó€v.€òòóóANN€MARIE€THORNTON€KELLYÔ‡XJáX»¼ Ôó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Giles€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€8644„7€€€€€€Robert€L.€Jones,€JudgeÐ æ 6 Ѐ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Jim€T.€Hamilton,€JudgeÐ Ò " ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<•` AßÐ –æ  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€M2001„01054„CCA„R3„CD€„€Filed€December€5,€Ô_Ô2002Ô_ÔÐ ‘á  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<h` AßÐ i¹  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€appellant,€Ann€Marie€Thornton€Kelly,€was€indicted€by€the€Giles€County€Grand€Jury€on€twentyÐ d´ Ðcounts€relating€to€incidents€involving€the€sexual€abuse€of€her€children.€€She€was€ultimately€convictedÐ P  Ðof€two€counts€of€rape€of€a€child,€three€counts€of€criminal€responsibility€for€rape€of€a€child,€one€countÐ <Œ Ðof€aggravated€sexual€battery,€one€count€of€criminal€responsibility€for€aggravated€sexual€battery,€andÐ (x Ðone€count€of€incest.€€The€trial€court€imposed€a€total€effective€sentence€of€sixty„two€yearsÐ d Ðincarceration€in€the€Tennessee€Department€of€Correction.€€On€appeal,€tÔ#†¼ »XXJá“#ÔÔ‡XJáX»¼ Ôhe€State€concedes€that€theÐ P Ðappellant€was€not€competent€to€stand€trial.€€Upon€review€of€the€record€and€the€partiesðð€briefs,€weÐ ì< Ðreverse€the€judgments€of€the€trial€court.Ð Ø( ÐÓúÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgments€of€the€Circuit€Court€are€Reversed€andÐ ° ÐRemanded.ó óÐ œì ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼ »àXJáÄ#ÔÔ‡XJáX.¼ ÔNorma€McGee€Ogle,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòJoe€G.€Rileyóó€and€òòAlan€E.Ð tÄ ÐGlenn,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð `° ÐÌÔ_ÔHershellÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔKogerÔ_Ô,€Ô_ÔPulaskiÔ_Ô,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Ann€Marie€Thornton€Kelly.Ð 8!ˆ  ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Elizabeth€T.€Ryan,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð #`" ÐMike€Bottoms,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Richard€Ô_ÔDunavantÔ_Ô,€Patrick€Butler,€and€Ô_ÔCindiÔ_Ô€Johnson,Ð ü#L# ÐAssistant€District€Attorneys€General,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð è$8 $ ÐÓn ÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼ »XXJá #ÔÔ‡XJáX»¼ ÔÐ À&"& ÐòòóóÔ#†¼ »XXJá #ÔÔ‡XJáX»¼ ÔÓ  Óà@ìàòòò òI.€€Factual€Backgroundó óóóÔ#†¼ »XXJác #ÔÔ€XJáX»¼ ԈР¬'ü"' Ðà  àà ` àThe€following€facts€underlie€the€charges€against€the€appellant.€€The€appellant€marriedÐ ˜(è#( Ðâ âOtis€Thornton€in€the€early€1980's,€and€together€they€had€four€children,׃k×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€a€daughter,€€PMT,€and€threeÐ „)Ô$)ýà ÐÔ_*Ôsons,€BJT,€RGT,€and€RT.׃m×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Thornton€was€the€primary€caregiver€of€the€children;€however,€he€died€onÐ ° Ðâ âSeptember€6,€1997.€€Subsequently,€the€appellant€and€her€four€children€moved€to€a€mobile€home€inÐ œì Ðthe€Town€and€Country€Trailer€Park€in€Pulaski.€€The€environment€in€the€home€deteriorated€rapidlyÐ ˆØ Ðafter€Thornton€died.€€Although€the€Department€of€Childrenððs€Services€(DCS)€had€regularly€receivedÐ tÄ Ðreferrals€regarding€the€family€beginning€in€approximately€1984,€the€reports€increased€afterÐ `° ÐThorntonððs€death.׃oT×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€However,€no€attempt€was€made€to€remove€the€children€from€the€home.€€Ð L œ ÐÌà  àà ` àSoon€after€moving€into€the€Town€and€Country€Trailer€Park,€the€appellant€began€aÐ $ t Ðrelationship€with€Cayle€Wayne€Harris.€€Harris€visited€the€home€daily€and€often€stayed€overnight.€€AsÐ  ` Ða€result€of€allegations€of€sexual€abuseÔ‡XJáXXXJáÔ€involving€the€appellantððs€children,€Michael€Chapman,€chiefÐ ü L  Ðinvestigator€for€the€Giles€County€Sheriffððs€Department,€interviewed€the€appellantððs€twelve„year„oldÐ è 8  Ðdaughter,€PMT,€on€Ô#†XJáXXXJá#ÔDecember€2,€1997Ô‡XJáXXXJáÔ.€€Investigator€Chapman€again€interviewed€PMT€on€June€23,Ð Ô$  Ð1998.€€BJT,€the€appellantððs€ten„year„old€son,€and€RGT,€the€appellantððs€eight„year„old€son,€wereÐ À  Ðinterviewed€in€May€and€July€1998.€€The€appellantððs€youngest€child,€RT,€who€was€three€years€old,Ð ¬ü  Ðwas€too€young€to€provide€any€information€to€Investigator€Chapman.Ð ˜è  Ѐ€€Ð „Ô  Ðà  àà ` àDuring€his€investigation,€Investigator€Chapman€also€interviewed€the€appellant€on€JuneÐ pÀ Ð19,€1998Ô#†XJáXXXJá=#ÔÔ‡XJáXXXJáÔ.€€Investigator€Chapman€testified€that€the€appellant€ð ðhad€been€contacted€and€agreed€to€meetÐ \¬ Ðus€at€the€Lawrence€County€Courthouse€.€.€.€at,€I€think,€nine€oððclock.ðð€€The€appellant€was€not€at€theÐ H˜ Ðcourthouse€at€the€appointed€time.€€Investigator€Chapman€went€to€the€appellantððs€house€andÐ 4„ Ðdiscovered€that€ð ðshe€had€been€there€earlier€than€nine€oððclock,€thought€that€we€were€not€going€to€showÐ  p Ðup€and€gone€back€home.€€So€then€she€agreed€from€her€home,€when€we€spoke€to€her€at€home€to€comeÐ  \ Ðback€to€the€courthouse€and€talk€to€us.ðð€€€Accordingly,€the€appellantððs€husband,€Calvin€Kelly,€droveÐ øH Ðthe€appellant€to€the€courthouse€where€she€was€interviewed€by€Investigator€Chapman;€TommyÐ ä4 ÐWorkman,€an€investigator€with€the€District€Attorneyððs€office;€and€Candice€Deason,€an€investigatorÐ Ð  Ðwith€DCS.€€The€interview€was€held€in€the€judgeððs€chambers,€a€small€room€located€just€off€theÐ ¼  Ðcourtroom,€and€was€audio€tape„recorded.€€Investigator€Chapman€began€the€interview€by€telling€theÐ ¨ø Ðappellant€that€ð ðWayne€Harris€did€some€things€with€your€boys.ðð€€Investigator€Chapman€informed€theÐ ”ä Ðappellant€that€he€had€spoken€with€her€sons€and€had€reason€to€believe€that€the€appellant€had€witnessedÐ €Ð ÐHarris€having€sex€with€her€children.€€Initially,€the€appellant€denied€any€knowledge€of€the€incidents,Ð l¼ Ðstating€that€she€believed€the€interviewers€were€referring€to€ð ðChi[gg]er€Harris.ðð€€However,€afterÐ X ¨ ÐInvestigator€Chapman€again€explained€that€they€were€asking€about€incidents€involving€Cayle€WayneÐ D!” ÐHarris,€the€appellant€immediately€admitted€that€she€witnessed€Harris€having€sex€with€her€sons,Ð 0"€  Ðstating€that€ð ðhe€was€low€down€and€stupid€doing€that€away.€.€.€.€And€that€really€hurt€me.ðð€€€WhenÐ #l! Ðasked€if€she€feared€Harris,€the€appellant€responded,€ð ðYea.€€Heððs€even€offered€to€threaten€me€here€IÐ $X" Ðdonððt€know€how€many€times€since€I€lived€that€trailer€park€at€Pulaski.€€Heððs€even€offered€to€threatenÐ ô$D # Ðme,€said€he€was€going€to€kill€me;€heððs€going€to€shoot€me;€heððs€going€to€cut€me.ðð€€The€appellant€statedÐ à%0!$ Ðthat€because€she€was€afraid€of€Harris,€she€did€not€attempt€to€stop€his€abuse€of€her€children.Ð Ì&"% Ѐ€€Ð ° Ðà  àà ` àThe€appellant€proceeded€to€describe€an€incident€wherein€she€and€her€three„year„oldÐ œì Ðson,€RT,€were€lying€in€her€bed.€€Harris,€who€was€intoxicated,€came€into€the€room€and€anally€rapedÐ ˆØ Ðthe€child.€€The€appellant€explained,€ð ðI€wasnððt€on€the€bed€but€one€time€and€that€was€that€night€whenÐ tÄ ÐI€was€trying€to€go€to€sleep€and€couldnððt€go€to€sleep€cause€he€was€having€sex€you€know€.€.€.€with€theÐ `° Ðbaby,€cause€the€bed€just€shake€and€shake€and€I€am€trying€to€go€to€sleep€and€couldnððt€go€to€sleep€forÐ L œ Ðthat.ðð€When€asked€how€many€times€Harris€had€ð ðdo[ne]€it€with€the€baby,ðð€the€appellant€respondedÐ 8 ˆ Ðð ðOh,€about€one€or€two€times.ðð€€Each€time,€the€child€screamed€and€cried.׃q×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð $ t Ѐ€€€Ð  ` Ðà  àà ` àThe€appellant€admitted€that€she€was€aware€Harris€had€sex€with€all€four€children.€Ð ü L  ÐSpecifically,€the€appellant€related€that€òòóóBJT,€who€was€ten€years€old€at€the€time€of€the€offenses,€wasÐ è 8  Ðrepeatedly€anally€raped€by€Harris.€€However,€the€appellant€was€unable€to€conclusively€recall€theÐ Ô$  Ðexact€number€of€times€this€occurred.€€Initially,€the€appellant€stated€that€Harris€had€raped€BJT€threeÐ À  Ðtimes,€but€after€prompting€from€Investigator€Chapman,€the€appellant€stated€that€BJT€had€been€rapedÐ ¬ü  Ðby€Harris€on€six€occasions.€€The€appellant€concluded€by€saying€that€Harris€raped€BJT€four€times.€Ð ˜è  ÐWhen€asked€where€these€offenses€occurred,€the€appellant€responded,€ð ðIn€there€in€my€bedroom€everyÐ „Ô  Ðtime,€in€there€in€my€bedroom.ðð€€The€appellant€admitted€that€she€was€also€in€the€bed,€noting,€ð ðBut€IÐ pÀ Ðwasnððt€awake€all€that€length€of€time.€€Heððd€shake€the€bed€you€know€and€I€would€wake€up€you€know.€Ð \¬ ÐYou€know€heððd€wake€me€up€for€doing€it€to€them€on€the€behind.€.€.€.€€I€just€couldnððt€sleep€through€it.ðð€Ð H˜ ÐThe€appellant€denied€that€Harris€forced€BJT€to€have€sex€with€her.€€She€specifically€responded,Ð 4„ Ðð ð[BJT]€ainððt€never€had€sex€with€me.€€Never€a€time,€I€am€his€mother.ðð€Ð  p ÐÌà  àà ` àAs€to€Harrisðð€anal€rapes€of€eight„year„old€RGT,€the€appellantððs€recollection€of€theÐ øH Ðnumber€of€offenses€ranged€from€three€to€four,€again€following€prompting€by€Investigator€Chapman.€Ð ä4 ÐThe€appellant€recalled€that€on€one€occasion€RGT€was€raped€while€lying€on€her€bed.€€She€admittedÐ Ð  Ðthat€she€was€present€during€this€offense,€but€explained€that€on€the€other€occasions€she€was€notÐ ¼  Ðpresent.€€The€appellant€vehemently€denied€that€she€had€been€involved€in€any€type€of€sexualÐ ¨ø Ðrelationship€with€RGT€or€that€she€had€asked€him€to€touch€her€inappropriately.€€In€response€toÐ ”ä Ðquestioning€by€Deason,€the€appellant€stated,€ð ðIððm€their€mother.€€I€donððt€let€them,€I€didnððt€let€them€doÐ €Ð Ðnothing€like€that€to€me.€.€.€.€€They€know€Iððd€whoop€them.ððÐ l¼ Ѐ€€Ð X ¨ Ðà  àà ` àAdditionally,€the€appellant€recollected€that€her€daughter,€PMT,€was€also€raped€byÐ D!” ÐHarris.€€She€noted€that,€following€an€occasion€when€Harris€had€digitally€penetrated€PMT,€theÐ 0"€  Ðappellant€went€to€Deasonððs€office€and€advised€Deason€of€Harrisðð€actions.€€She€related€that€Harris€alsoÐ #l! Ðhad€sexual€intercourse€with€PMT.Ð $X" Ѐ€€Ð ô$D # Ðà  àà ` àThe€appellant€admitted€that,€although€she€was€aware€of€the€offenses,€she€neverÐ à%0!$ Ðattempted€to€stop€Harris.€€The€appellant€acknowledged,€ð ðI€know€it€wasnððt€right.€€I€know€it€wasnððtÐ Ì&"% Ðright€I€know€that€yea.€€I€know€it€wasnððt€right.ðð€€She€could€provide€no€reason€for€her€failure€to€reportÐ ¸'#& Ðthe€abuse€following€her€initial€complaint€to€Deason.€€The€appellant€concluded,€ð ðWell€I€didnððt€knowÐ ¤(ô#' Ðhe€was€going€to€do€it€till€he€donððt€say€man€I€got€in€on€the€bed€and€doing€them,€doing€it€to€them.€€AndÐ ° Ðit€was€to[o]€late€then€to.€.€.ðð€€€When€asked€her€opinion€as€to€what€should€be€done€to€Harris,€theÐ œì Ðappellant€stated,€ð ð[Ought€to]€put€him€away€for€this.€€I€think€thatððs€low€down€and€dirty.€€Donððt€youÐ ˆØ Ðthink€so?ððÐ tÄ ÐÌà  àà ` àThrough€conversations€with€witnesses,€Investigator€Chapman€concluded€that€theÐ L œ Ðoffenses€involving€the€appellant€and€Harris€had€occurred€between€November€1997€and€FebruaryÐ 8 ˆ Ð1998.€€Ô#†XJáXXXJá¶#ÔThe€appellant€was€originally€indicted€by€the€Giles€County€Grand€Jury€on€five€counts€ofÐ $ t Ðmisdemeanor€child€neglect,€seven€counts€of€criminal€responsibility€for€rape€of€a€child,€two€countsÐ  ` Ðof€felony€child€neglect,€three€counts€of€rape€of€a€child,€two€counts€of€aggravated€sexual€battery,€andÐ ü L  Ðone€count€of€incest.€€Several€counts€of€the€indictment€were€later€amended€or€nolle€prossed.Ô‡XJáXXXJáÔÐ è 8  Ѐ€€Ð Ô$  Ðà  àà ` àOn€May€5,€1999,€the€trial€court€ordered€the€appellant€transported€to€the€MiddleÐ À  ÐTennessee€Mental€Health€Institute€(MTMHI)€for€a€forensic€evaluation€to€determine€the€appellantððsÐ ¬ü  Ðmental€competency€to€stand€trial€and€to€determine€if€an€insanity€defense€could€be€supported.€€TheÐ ˜è  Ðappellant€was€admitted€to€MTMHI€on€May€26,€1999,€and€remained€there€until€June€22,€1999.€€OnÐ „Ô  ÐOctober€26,€1999,€and€November€1,€1999,€the€trial€court€held€a€hearing€to€determine€whether€theÐ pÀ Ðappellant€was€competent€to€stand€trial€and€whether€the€appellantððs€statement€to€InvestigatorÐ \¬ ÐChapman€should€be€suppressed.€Ð H˜ ÐÌà@  ìàA.€€Competency€HearingˆÐ  p Ðà  àà ` àThe€following€facts€were€adduced€at€the€competency€hearing.׃s×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Dr.€Glenn€Sneed,€aÐ  \ Ðpsychologist€and€director€of€psychology€at€Clover€Bottom€Developmental€Center,€testified€at€theÐ øH Ðhearing.€€ØØClover€Bottom€is€a€state„owned€mental€retardation€facility€which€serves€the€MiddleÐ ä4 ÐTennessee€region.€€Dr.€Sneed€stated€that€his€area€of€expertise€Ô#†XJáXXXJá7#ÔÔ‡XJáXXXJáÔwithin€the€field€of€forensic€psychologyÐ Ð  Ðis€mental€retardationÔ#†XJáXXXJá«<#ÔÔ‡XJáXXXJáÔ.€€Accordingly,€in€the€instant€case€he€was€asked€to€assess€the€appellant€ð ðfromÐ ¼  Ðthe€perspective€of€mental€retardation.ððÐ ¨ø Ѐ€€Ð ”ä Ðà  àà ` àDr.€Sneed€evaluated€the€appellant€in€June€1999€when€she€was€sent€to€MTMHI.€€HeÐ €Ð Ðserved€on€a€teamØØ€with€Dr.€William€N.€Regan,€a€psychiatrist;€Dr.€Joe€Mount,€a€psychologist;€andÐ l¼ Ðseveral€other€clinicians.€€€During€the€appellantððs€nearly€thirty„day€stay€at€MTMHI,€Dr.€Sneed€metÐ X ¨ Ðwith€her€for€seven€sessions,€estimating€that€they€had€approximately€two€meetings€per€week.€€Ð D!” Ѐ€€Ð 0"€  Ðà  àà ` àAs€part€of€his€assessment,€Dr.€Sneed€concluded€that€the€appellant€did€not€understandÐ #l! Ðthe€charges€against€her€or€the€possible€consequences€associated€with€the€charges.€€Dr.€Sneed€relatedÐ $X" Ðthat€the€appellant€was€ð ðvery€confused€about€the€basic€judicial€processðð€and,€in€his€opinion,€ð ðdid€notÐ ô$D # Ðhave€the€capacity€to€cooperate€with€an€attorney€in€her€own€defense.ðð€€Specifically,€Dr.€Sneed€notedÐ à%0!$ Ðthat,€ð ð[a]s€a€part€of€every€30„day€assessment€period,€we€try€to€prepare€a€defendant€to€return€to€courtÐ Ì&"% Ðâ âas€competent.€€In€[the€appellantððs]€case,€however,€she€just€did€not€show€the€ability€to€retain€theÐ ¸'#& Ðconcepts€and€to€demonstrate€them€meaningfully.ðð€€In€sum,€Dr.€Sneed€stated€that,€in€his€opinion,€theÐ ° Ðappellant€did€not€have€the€mental€capacity€to€become€competent.Ô#†XJáXXXJá>=#ÔÔ‡XJáXXXJáÔ€€Ð œì Ðâ âÌà  àà ` àDr.€Sneed€explained€that€the€appellantððs€limitations€resulted€from€her€moderateÐ tÄ Ðmental€retardation,€which€retardation€was€evidenced€by€the€appellantððs€IQ€of€48.€€Dr.€SneedÐ `° Ðconcluded€that€the€appellantððs€mental€retardation€was€caused€by€ð ða€combination€of€birth,€the€organicÐ L œ Ðimpairment€at€birth,€as€well€as€extreme€cultural,€educational€deprivation.ðð€€Additionally,€althoughÐ 8 ˆ Ðthe€appellantððs€primary€diagnosis€was€mental€retardation,€she€also€suffered€from€depression.€€Dr.Ð $ t ÐSneed€noted€that,€while€the€appellantððs€depression€is€a€treatable€mental€illness,€the€appellantððs€mentalÐ  ` Ðretardation€is€a€permanent€condition€and€is€not€treatable.Ð ü L  Ѐ€€€Ð è 8  ÐÒe°Òà  àà ` àFurther,€Dr.€Sneed€related€that€the€evaluation€team€concluded€that€the€appellant€didÐ Ô$  Ðnot€appreciate€the€nature€or€wrongfulness€of€her€offenses.€€He€noted€that,€although€the€appellant€madeÐ À  Ðgeneral€statements€concerning€the€wrongfulness€of€abusing€children,€ð ðit€was€more€cliche,€very€littleÐ ¬ü  Ðinsight,€very€little€depth€of€understanding.€€It€was€easy€to€confuse€her€and€trip€her€up.ðð€€Moreover,€heÐ ˜è  Ðopined€that€it€was€likely€that€the€appellantððs€perceptions€were€impacted€by€the€incestuous€environmentÐ „Ô  Ðin€which€she€was€rØØaised.׃!×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ô#†XJáXXXJáòC#ÔÔ‡XJáXXXJáÔ€€On€cross„examination,€Dr.€Sneed€conceded€that€he€had€not€reviewed€theÐ pÀ Ðtape€of€the€appellantððs€interview€with€Investigator€Chapman.Ð \¬ Ѐ€€Ð H˜ Ðà  àà ` àDr.€Sneed€noted€that,€although€the€appellant€is€moderately€mentally€retarded,€she€hasÐ 4„ Ðacquired€some€ð ðbasic€survival€skills.ðð€€The€appellant€reported€that€she€essentially€always€looked€forÐ  p Ða€boyfriend€or€tried€to€get€married€to€someone€who€could€take€care€of€her.€€However,€Dr.€Sneed€Ð  \ Ðemphasized€that,€in€determining€competency,€the€primary€emphasis€in€the€evaluation€was€to€determineÐ øH Ðwhether€she€understood€ð ðwhat€a€judge€does,€what€a€prosecutor€does,€what€a€defense€attorney€does,Ð ä4 Ðand€the€interplay€of€those€participants.ðð€€Dr.€Sneed€related€that€when€the€appellant€was€asked€if€sheÐ Ð  Ðunderstood€the€purpose€of€her€admission€to€MTMHI,€the€appellant€responded,€ð ðThis€is€a€minstitution,Ð ¼  Ðand€they€sent€me€here€cause€I€child€abused€my€kids.ðð€€When€the€appellant€was€asked€about€theÐ ¨ø Ðparticipants€in€the€trial,€she€stated€that€her€lawyer€was€there€to€help€her€and€that€the€prosecutor€wasÐ ”ä Ðalso€there€to€help€her.€€When€asked€about€the€role€of€the€judge,€she€explained€that€the€judge€ð ðsits€upÐ €Ð Ðthere€on€the€desk€and€talks€to€you.ðð€€She€also€concluded€that€the€judge€was€always€in€a€foul€mood€andÐ l¼ Ðready€to€impose€harsh€sentences.€€Dr.€Sneed€determined€that€the€appellant€had€no€understanding€ofÐ X ¨ Ðthe€juryððs€function.€€However,€the€appellant€did€have€some€perception€that€probation€was€preferableÐ D!” Ðto€a€jail€sentence.€€Ð 0"€  ÐÌà  àà ` àDr.€Sneed€explained€that€the€appellantððs€concept€of€time€was€also€impaired.€€AlthoughÐ $X" Ðthe€appellant€understood€that€she€was€in€trouble€and€could€go€to€jail€for€a€long€time,€the€term€ð ðlongÐ ô$D # Ðtimeðð€was€meaningless€to€her.€€The€appellant€was€unable€to€name€the€current€month,€day,€or€year.€Ð à%0!$ ÐDr.€Sneed€concluded€that€ð ðin€her€concept,€one€year€is€the€same€as€ten€years,€or€that€type€of€thing.ðð€Ð Ì&"% ÐFurthermore,€Dr.€Sneed€indicated€that€the€appellant€was€not€malingering€or€disguising€her€abilities.Ð ¸'#& Ѐ€€Ð ¤(ô#' Ðà  àà ` àIn€response€to€the€Stateððs€request€for€additional€time€to€locate€witnesses€to€testifyÐ ° Ðregarding€the€appellantððs€competence,€the€trial€court€continued€the€competency€hearing€untilÐ œì ÐNovember€1,€1999.€€At€that€time,€the€appellant€called€Dr.€William€N.€Regan.€€Dr.€Regan€was€aÐ ˆØ Ðpsychiatrist€at€MTMHI,€and€was€part€of€the€team€which€evaluated€the€appellant.€€Dr.€Regan€agreedÐ tÄ Ðwith€Dr.€Sneedððs€conclusions€regarding€the€appellant€and€also€opined€that€the€appellant€was€notÐ `° Ðcompetent€to€stand€trial.€€Dr.€Regan€concluded€that€the€appellant€functioned€on€the€level€of€a€four„Ð L œ Ðor€five„year„old€child.€€He€noted€that€her€understanding€is€very€limited,€explaining:€Ð 8 ˆ Ðà8  àà8` !!àSheððs€very€easy€to€lead.€€And€Ið!ðI€think€you€can€almost€talk€her€intoÐ $ t Ðanything.€€If€you€sit€and€say€to€her€something€like€the€prosecutor€isÐ  ` Ðgoing€to€let€you€go€home,€and€you€nod€your€head€as€youððre€saying€it,Ð ü L  Ðshe€will€nod€her€head,€and€sheððll€say,€ð ðYes,€thatððs€true.ðð€€Itððs€likeÐ è 8  Ðitð!ðthings€really€donððt€get€across€to€her.€€And€that€can€be€right€afterÐ Ô$  Ðyouððve€told€her€that,€you€know,€the€prosecutorððs€job€is€to€try€and€get€aÐ À  Ðconviction.€€Ð¬ü ` Ã` à ÐDr.€Regan€also€stated€that€he€saw€no€evidence€that€the€appellant€was€malingering.€Ð ˜è  ÐÌà  àà ` àRegarding€the€appellantððs€competency€to€stand€trial,€Dr.€Regan€opined€that€ð ð[i]tððs€theÐ pÀ Ðsevere€nature€of€her€cognitive€impairment,€the€mental€retardation,€that€makes€her€unable€to€effectivelyÐ \¬ Ðassist€her€attorney€in€her€own€defense.ðð€Specifically,€Dr.€Regan€related€that€the€appellantÐ H˜ Ðà8  àà8` !!àhas€a€very€hard€time€learning€even€rudimentary€basics,€even€to€theÐ 4„ Ðpoint€that€you€can€tell€her€something,€have€her€parrot€it€back€to€you,Ð  p Ðand€you€think€sheððs€got€it,€and€then€you€come€in€the€next€day,€andÐ  \ Ðyouððre€starting€from€scratch€again.€€Thisð!ðwe€went€through€this€overÐ øH Ðand€over€with€her.Ðä4` Ã` à ÐIn€sum,€Dr.€Regan€maintained€that€the€appellant€was€clearly€not€competent€to€stand€trial.€€Ð Ð  Ѐ€€Ð ¼  Ðà  àà ` àDr.€Joe€Mount,€a€licensed€psychologist€and€another€member€of€the€evaluation€teamÐ ¨ø Ðat€MTMHI,€also€testified€on€behalf€of€the€appellant.€€Dr.€Mount€agreed€with€Dr.€Sneed€and€Dr.€ReganÐ ”ä Ðregarding€the€appellantððs€incompetency€to€stand€trial.€€Dr.€Mount€noted€that,€immediately€precedingÐ €Ð Ðthe€hearing€on€November€1,€1999,€he€met€with€the€appellant€and€asked€her€about€the€role€of€theÐ l¼ Ðprosecutor€and€other€primary€court€participants.€€The€appellant€was€unable€to€correctly€answer€hisÐ X ¨ Ðquestions.€€Dr.€Mount€concurred€in€the€assessment€that€the€appellant€functions€on€the€level€of€a€four„Ð D!” Ðor€five„year„old.€€Specifically,€he€noted,€ð ðyou€can€talk€to€her€about€something,€and€come€back€and€askÐ 0"€  Ðher€about€it€the€next€day,€and€itððs€like€youððve€never€talked€to€her€about€it.ðð€€Dr.€Mount€likewise€foundÐ #l! Ðno€evidence€that€the€appellant€was€malingering.Ð $X" Ѐ€€Ð ô$D # Ðà  àà ` àThe€State€presented€the€testimony€of€three€DCS€employees.€€Mickey€Pierce,€SherryÐ à%0!$ ÐHolly,€and€Candice€Deason€testified€that€they€had€been€involved€with€the€appellant€and€her€familyÐ Ì&"% Ðfor€several€years.€€Additional€witnesses,€including€two€inmates€who€were€incarcerated€with€theÐ ¸'#& Ðappellant,€testified€regarding€the€appellantððs€ability€to€care€for€herself.€€In€general,€the€witnessesÐ ¤(ô#' Ðrecounted€that€the€appellant€was€able€to€wash€clothes,€clean€house,€and€cook€dinner.€€All€of€theÐ )à$( Ðwitnesses€acknowledged€that€the€appellant€needed€to€be€addressed€in€simple€terms€in€order€toÐ |*Ì%) Ðcomprehend€what€she€was€being€told.€€€€Ð h+¸&* Ѐ€€Ð ° Ðà  àà ` àAt€the€conclusion€of€the€proof,€the€trial€court€found€the€appellant€competent€to€standÐ œì Ðtrial,׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€concluding:€Ð ˆØ Ðà8  àà8` !!àFirst,€it€appears€undisputed€that€the€[appellant],€Ann€Kelly,€isÐ tÄ Ðmoderately€retarded€and€has€an€IQ€of€approximately€48;€that€she€has,Ð `° Ðessentially,€no€formal€education,€but€that€she€has,€from€living€her€30Ð L œ Ðsomethingð!ðor€40€something€years,€and€having€several€children,€andÐ 8 ˆ Ðseveral€other€relationships,€developed€some€skills€for€getting€by,€or€asÐ $ t Ðone€of€the€doctors€said,€some€survival€skills.Ð `` Ã` à ÐÌà8  àà8` !!àThe€testimony€of€the€witnesses€that€the€State€presented€todayÐ è 8  Ðsuggested€that€she€can€identify€colors;€identify€and€write€certain€letters;Ð Ô$  Ðis€able,€in€recent€weeks€or€months,€to€write€her€name;€and€that€if€sheÐ À  Ðknows€the€day€of€the€week,€she€can€tell€you€whatððs€on€the€jailððs€menuÐ ¬ü  Ðfor€that€day€since€the€menu€apparently€recycles€each€week.Иè ` Ã` à ÐÌà8  àà8` !!àThe€Court€finds€that€evidence€is€not€inconsistent€with,€but€instead€is,Ð pÀ Ðconsistent€with€the€testimony€of€Drs.€Sneed,€Regan€and€Mount;€and,Ð \¬ Ðthat€is,€that€this€woman,€while€functionally€an€adult;€physically,€mayÐ H˜ Ðbe€a€four„,€five„€or€six„year„old€mentally.€€And€I€think€this€Court€canÐ 4„ Ðtake€judicial€notice,€within€some€limits,€of€what€a€normal€four„,€five„Ð  p Ðor€six„year„old€could€do€with€regard€to€identifying€colors,€writing€andÐ  \ Ðidentifying€letters,€writing€oneððs€name,€and€remembering€certain€daysÐ øH Ðof€the€week€are€indicators€of€what€kind€of€food€might€be€served€on€aÐ ä4 Ðgiven€date.ÐÐ ` Ã` à ÐÌà8  àà8` !!àSo€the€Court€does€find€that€she€suffers€from€a€significant€mental€defectÐ ¨ø Ðthat€may€go€to€her€ability€to€understand€the€nature€of€the€offensesÐ ”ä Ðcharge[d]€or€the€wrongfulness€of€the€acts€or€be€able€to€conform€herÐ €Ð Ðconduct€to€that€required€by€law.€€But€those€matters€going€to€an€insanityÐ l¼ Ðdefense€are€for€the€ultimate€triers€of€fact,€and€not€for€this€Court€toÐ X ¨ Ðdetermine€on€a€motion€by€the€[appellant].€ÐD!”` Ã` à ÐÌà8  àà8` !!àWith€regard€to€her€competency€to€stand€trial€and€to€advise€her€lawyerÐ #l! Ðand€cooperate€with€him€in€preparing€for€and€trying€the€case,€the€CourtÐ $X" Ðfinds€that€she€obviously€has€far€less€ability€to€do€that€than€a€normalÐ ô$D # Ðdefendant.€€And€as€the€[appellantððs]€education,€mental€capacity€andÐ à%0!$ Ðgeneral€understanding€of€law€and€procedure€decreases,€then,Ð Ì&"% Ðconversely,€the€[appellantððs]€attorney€has€a€far€more€difficult€task€inÐ ¸'#& Ðpreparing€for€trial€and€providing€a€meaningful€defense.Ф(ô#'` Ã` à Їà8  àà8` !!àAnd€the€Court€was€sort€of€inclined€at€the€end€of€the€proof€on€theÐ ° Ðcompetency€issue,€but€without€having€read€[the€appellantððs€statementÐ œì Ðto€Investigator€Chapman],€to€think€that€the€[appellant]€might€not€haveÐ ˆØ Ðthe€capacity€to€advise€counsel€and€stand€trial.€€But€[that€exhibit]€is€veryÐ tÄ Ðpersuasive€in€favor€of€the€State€on€these€issues.Ð`°` Ã` à ÐÌà8  àà8` !!àIt€still€shows€a€person€with€limited€communication€skills,€and€ofÐ 8 ˆ Ðlimited€intelligence.€€But€it€shows,€also,€that€what€she€finallyÐ $ t Ðacknowledges€Wayne€Harris€has€done€to€her€children€is,€quote,€dirty,Ð  ` Ðclosed€quote,€and€that€because€heððs€dirty,€she€would€not€marry€him.€.Ð ü L  Ð.€.€[She]€had€apparently€little€interest€in€protecting€Wayne€Harris.€€ButÐ è 8  Ðsheððs€quick€to€deny€any€wrongdoing€on€her€part€that€she€might€haveÐ Ô$  Ðunderstood€wrongdoing.ÐÀ ` Ã` à ÐÌà@ttàB.€€Motion€to€SuppressˆÐ ˜è  Ðà  àà ` àAt€the€same€hearing€on€November€1,€1999,€the€appellant€moved€to€suppress€herÐ „Ô  Ðstatement€to€Investigator€Chapman,€arguing€that€ð ð[the€appellant]€doesnððt€really€have€the€free€will€toÐ pÀ Ðexercise€in€that€sort€of€situation.ðð€€The€trial€court€concluded€that€the€appellantððs€statement€should€notÐ \¬ Ðbe€suppressed.€€Specifically,€the€trial€court€stated€that€ð ðshe€[wa]s€there€voluntarily,€maybe€notÐ H˜ Ðoriginally€understanding€the€context€within€which€this€interview€is€taking€place.ðð€€Although€the€courtÐ 4„ Ðfound€that€the€appellant€was€moderately€mentally€retarded,€he€concluded€that€her€statement€showedÐ  p Ðthe€appellantððs€ð ðexercise€of€free€will,€the€exercise€of€basic€understanding,€and€a€voluntarilyð!ðaÐ  \ Ðvoluntariness€in€the€responses€given€to€the€questions€by€the€three€interviewers.ðð€€Ð øH ÐÌà0  àà ° àà@ÁÁ&s#s#àC.€€TrialˆÐ Ð  Ðà  àà ` àOn€March€19,€2001,€the€day€prior€to€trial,€the€appellant€asked€for€a€rehearing€of€herÐ ¼  Ðcompetency€motion.€€The€trial€court€ruled€that,€ð ðbased€on€what€I€read€[about€the€earlier€competencyÐ ¨ø Ðhearing]€.€.€.€Iððd€have€to€concur€with€Judge€Jonesðð€ruling€[and]€find€that€she€is€competent.ðð€Ð ”ä ÐRegardless,€on€March€20,€2001,€following€jury€selection,€the€appellant€again€moved€for€a€rehearingÐ €Ð Ðon€the€competency€issue€based€upon€Ô#†XJáXXXJá¦J#ÔÔ‡XJáXXXJáÔð ð[the€mental€health€expertsðð]€most€recent€assessment€of€her€andÐ l¼ Ðthe€history€that€sheððs€had€and€the€fact€that€she€has€been€through€this€jury€selection€process€and€theyÐ X ¨ Ðwere€able€to€talk€to€her€in€the€middle€of€that€process.ðð€€The€testimony€of€the€doctors€mirrored€theirÐ D!” Ðprevious€assessment€regarding€the€appellantððs€lack€of€competency.€€Specifically,€Dr.€ReganÐ 0"€  Ðemphasized€that€the€appellant€was€ð ðbefuddledðð€by€the€jury€selection€process€and€noted€that€when€heÐ #l! Ðasked€the€appellant€who€the€jury€was€and€what€the€jury€did,€the€appellant€responded€that€the€jury€wasÐ $X" Ðpresent€ð ðto€testify€against€me.ðð€€When€asked€how€complete€strangers€would€know€enough€about€herÐ ô$D # Ðto€testify€against€her,€the€appellant€responded€that€they€would€ð ðlieðð€about€her.€€Despite€this€testimony,Ð à%0!$ Ðthe€court€again€found€that€the€appellant€was€competent€to€stand€trial.€€Ð Ì&"% ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€State€began€presenting€its€proof€on€March€22,€2001.€€At€trial,€BJT€testified€thatÐ ¤(ô#' Ðafter€his€father€died,€he€lived€in€a€mobile€home€in€Pulaski€with€his€mother,€the€appellant;€his€sister,Ð )à$( ÐPMT;€and€his€two€brothers,€RGT€and€RT.€€Additionally,€BJT€noted€that€Wayne€Harris,€his€motherððsÐ |*Ì%) Ðboyfriend,€was€there€ð ðmostly€every€dayðð€and€was€often€intoxicated.Ô#†XJáXXXJáš}#ÔÔ‡XJáXXXJáÔ€€In€describing€the€home,€BJTÐ h+¸&* Ðexplained€that€the€mobile€home€had€three€bedrooms,€with€two€of€the€bedrooms€located€at€one€end€andÐ ° Ða€third€located€on€the€opposite€end.€€BJT€and€RGT€shared€a€bedroom€just€down€the€hall€from€theÐ œì Ðbedroom€where€the€appellant€and€RT€slept.€€PMT€had€her€own€room€located€at€the€opposite€end€ofÐ ˆØ Ðthe€mobile€home.€Ô#†XJáXXXJ᳃#ÔÔ‡XJáXXXJáÔÐ tÄ Ѐ€€Ð `° Ðà  àà ` àBJT€recalled€that€one€night€he€was€lying€in€his€bed€when€Harris€came€into€the€roomÐ L œ Ðð ðcrawled€over€the€bed€and€pulled€down€my€clothes€and€told€me€to€stick€my€front€part€in€his€butt.ðð€Ð 8 ˆ ÐBJT€complied.€€On€this€occasion,€RGT€was€also€in€bed€with€BJT.€€On€another€occasion,€Harris€cameÐ $ t Ðinto€the€bedroom€and€stuck€his€finger€in€BJTððs€rectum.€€Another€time,€Harris€anally€penetrated€BJT.€Ð  ` ÐOn€each€occasion,€BJT€screamed€because€he€was€hurt€and€told€Harris€to€get€off€of€him.€€When€theseÐ ü L  Ðincidents€occurred,€the€appellant€was€in€her€bedroom.€€However,€she€did€not€come€into€the€room€orÐ è 8  Ðmake€any€attempt€to€stop€Harris.€€Furthermore,€BJT€testified€that€on€one€occasion€the€appellant€cameÐ Ô$  Ðinto€his€bedroom,€woke€him,€ð ð[a]nd€she€like€put€her€hand€on€mine€and€told€me€to€put€[my€front€part]Ð À  Ðin€her€front€part.ðð€€BJT€contended€that€the€appellant€then€had€sexual€intercourse€with€him.€€BJT€wasÐ ¬ü  Ðborn€on€November€6,€1987,€and€was€ten€years€old€at€the€time€of€these€offenses.Ð ˜è  ÐÌà  àà ` àRegarding€the€appellant,€BJT€related€that€his€mother€was€unable€to€read€or€tell€time.Ð pÀ ÐWhen€his€father€was€alive,€Otis€Thornton€did€the€grocery€shopping€and€each€day€told€the€appellantÐ \¬ Ðwhich€chores,€such€as€laundry€or€cleaning€house,€needed€to€be€done.€€BJT€testified€that€his€motherÐ H˜ Ðwas€unable€to€use€a€telephone€without€assistance.Ð 4„ ÐÌà  àà ` àRGT€also€testified€to€abuse€by€the€appellant€and€Harris.€€On€one€occasion,€he€wasÐ  \ Ðanally€raped€by€Harris.€€RGT€screamed€because€of€the€pain€but€his€mother€did€nothing€to€help€him.€Ð øH ÐOn€another€occasion,€the€appellant€came€into€his€room€and€told€him€to€have€vaginal€intercourse€withÐ ä4 Ðher.€€RGT€complied.€€Another€time,€the€appellant€came€into€RGTððs€room€and€told€him€to€ð ðsuck€herððÐ Ð  Ðbreasts.€€Ð ¼  Ѐ€€€Ð ¨ø Ðà  àà ` àPMT€testified€that,€in€1997€and€early€1998,€she€was€twelve€years€old.€€She€lived€withÐ ”ä Ðher€mother€and€three€brothers€in€a€mobile€home€in€Pulaski.€€Harris€regularly€came€to€the€mobile€homeÐ €Ð Ðand€often€stayed€overnight.€€He€was€frequently€€intoxicated.€€One€night€when€Harris€was€at€the€mobileÐ l¼ Ðhome,€PMT€was€sitting€on€a€couch€in€the€living€roomÔ#†XJáXXXJá•…#Ô€with€the€appellant€and€Harris.׃/×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Harris€wasÐ X ¨ Ðsitting€between€the€appellant€and€PMT.€€Harris€reached€over€and€placed€his€hand€between€PMTððsÐ D!” Ðshorts€and€underwear,€touching€her€vagina€through€her€underwear.€€The€next€day,€PMT€told€theÐ 0"€  Ðappellant€but€the€appellant€did€not€believe€her.€€On€another€occasion,€Harris€came€into€PMTððsÐ #l! Ðbedroom€while€the€appellant€was€in€the€living€room.€€Harris€placed€his€hand€inside€PMTððs€shirt€andÐ $X" Ðtouched€her€breast.€€He€also€put€his€hand€inside€her€shorts€and€touched€her€vagina.€€Again,€when€PMTÐ ô$D # Ðtold€the€appellant,€the€appellant€did€not€believe€her.€€PMT€denied€seeing€her€mother€or€Harris€abuseÐ à%0!$ Ðher€brothers.€€PMT€testified€that€she€later€moved€out€of€the€mobile€home€and€went€to€live€with€herÐ Ì&"% Ðaunt€and€uncle;€however,€her€brothers€remained€in€the€home.€Ð ¸'#& ÐÐ ¤(ô#' Ðà  àà ` àPMT€confirmed€that€her€mother€was€unable€to€tell€time€and€related€that€on€oneÐ ° Ðoccasion€the€appellant€woke€the€children€at€3:00€or€4:00€a.m.,€ð ðwhile€it€was€still€dark€outside,ðð€andÐ œì Ðtold€them€to€get€ready€for€school.€€PMT€explained€that€the€appellant€was€afraid€the€children€wouldÐ ˆØ Ðbe€late€getting€to€school.€€PMT€read€the€childrenððs€school€papers€to€the€appellant€because€the€appellantÐ tÄ Ðcould€not€read€or€write.€€Ð `° ÐÌà  àà ` àSue€Ross,€a€pediatric€nurse€practitioner€with€the€Our€Kids€Center€in€Nashville,€alsoÐ 8 ˆ Ðtestified.€€Ross€explained€that€ð ðOur€Kids€Center€is€an€outpatient€facility€at€General€Hospital€and€itÐ $ t Ðpredominantly€provides€medical€evaluations€to€children€that€are€alleged€to€have€been€sexuallyÐ  ` Ðabused.ðð€€On€January€28,€1998,€she€examined€PMTÔ‡XJáXXXJáÔ€because€of€allegations€of€sexual€abuse.€Ð ü L  ÐAdditionally,€the€parties€read€into€the€record€the€sworn€testimony€of€Julie€Elizabeth€Rosof€Williams.€Ð è 8  ÐWilliams,€also€a€nurse€practitioner€at€the€Our€Kids€Center,€conducted€the€examination€of€BJT€andÐ Ô$  ÐRGT.€€Williams€related€that€both€boys€had€a€ð ðnormal€examination.ðð€€However,€Williams€explainedÐ À  Ðthat€the€results€were€not€inconsistent€with€anal€penetration€by€an€adultððs€penis€because€any€injuriesÐ ¬ü  Ðwould€have€had€time€to€heal.€€Ð ˜è  Ѐ€€Ð „Ô  Ðà  àà ` àSharon€Kilpatrick€Norwood€related€that€she€became€acquainted€with€the€appellantÐ pÀ Ðwhen€both€women€were€incarcerated€in€the€Giles€County€Jail.€€The€appellant€explained€to€NorwoodÐ \¬ Ðthat€she€was€in€jail€because€she€had€ð ðmessed€with€her€kids.ðð€€€Norwood€testified€that€the€appellant€alsoÐ H˜ Ðtold€her€that€Harris€had€raped€the€appellantððs€three„year„old€son,€RT.€€The€appellant€told€NorwoodÐ 4„ Ðthat€the€child€screamed€while€being€raped€by€Harris€and€that€she€went€outside€because€she€did€notÐ  p Ðwant€to€hear€the€childððs€screams.€€The€appellant€also€told€Norwood€that€she€allowed€the€boys€to€ð ðplayÐ  \ Ðwith€her.ðð€€The€appellant€informed€Norwood€that€Harris€had€told€her€to€ð ðplay€dumbðð€if€questionedÐ øH Ðabout€the€incidents.€€The€appellant€also€told€Norwood€that€she€ð ðwasnððt€capable€of€standing€trial.ðð€Ð ä4 ÐNorwood€confirmed€that€the€appellant€could€not€read;€however,€she€testified€that€the€appellant€couldÐ Ð  Ðcount€to€twelve€and€could€recall€the€jailððs€menu€for€each€day€of€the€week.€€Norwood€admitted€that,Ð ¼  Ðat€the€time€of€trial,€she€had€a€hearing€pending€on€an€alleged€violation€of€probation.Ð ¨ø Ѐ€€€Ð ”ä Ðà  àà ` àRoss€Glenn€Rosson,€the€appellantððs€first€cousin,€testified€on€her€behalf.€€RossonÐ €Ð Ðtestified€that€he€had€known€the€appellant€all€her€life.€€Prior€to€her€incarceration,€he€saw€her€regularlyÐ l¼ Ðand€helped€manage€her€finances.€€Rosson€explained€that€the€appellant€was€removed€from€school€afterÐ X ¨ Ðattending€approximately€one€and€one„half€months€of€first€grade.€€The€appellant€was€unable€to€remainÐ D!” Ðin€school€because€ð ð[t]hey€could€not€keep€her€clothes€on€this€girl.€€Not€even€in€the€first€grade.ðð€Ð 0"€  ÐAdditionally,€Rosson€noted€that€from€an€early€age€the€appellant€had€no€comprehension€regarding€theÐ #l! Ðvalue€of€money.€€Specifically,€Rosson€noted,€ð ðFrom€the€time€I€can€remember€[the€appellant]€didnððtÐ $X" Ðknow€a€dollar€bill€from€a€five€dollar€bill€or€a€nickel€from€a€half€dollar€or€a€quarter€or€nothing€else.€Ð ô$D # ÐThatððs€the€way€itððs€been€with€[her]€all€her€life.ðð€€Moreover,€he€related€that€the€appellant€needsÐ à%0!$ Ðassistance€grocery€shopping€and€using€a€telephone.Ð Ì&"% Ѐ€€Ð ¸'#& Ðà  àà ` àMickey€Pierce,€an€employee€of€DCS,€was€the€team€coordinator€responsible€for€childÐ ¤(ô#' Ðprotective€service€investigations€in€Giles,€Lawrence,€Maury,€and€Marshall€counties.€€At€the€time€ofÐ )à$( Ðtrial,€Pierce€had€been€with€DCS€for€approximately€25€years.€€She€related€that€she€first€becameÐ |*Ì%) Ðinvolved€with€the€appellant€in€1984€following€allegations€of€sexual€abuse€involving€the€appellantððsÐ h+¸&* Ðolder€children,€Randy€and€Hazel.€€Shortly€thereafter,€Randy€and€Hazel€were€removed€from€theÐ ° Ðappellantððs€custody€and€placed€in€the€custody€of€the€appellantððs€father.€€€Pierce€conceded€that€in€theÐ œì Ðsummer€prior€to€the€childrenððs€removal€and€placement€with€the€appellantððs€father,€the€appellantÐ ˆØ Ðrevealed€to€Pierce€that€she€had€been€raped€multiple€times€by€her€father€and€her€brother.€€Ð tÄ Ѐ€€Ð `° Ðà  àà ` àFollowing€the€appellantððs€marriage€to€Otis€Thornton€in€1984,€DCS€regularly€€receivedÐ L œ Ðreferrals€regarding€the€appellant€and€the€children.€€Thornton€frequently€consumed€alcohol,€causingÐ 8 ˆ Ðthe€appellant€to€become€upset.€€During€these€incidents,€the€appellant€often€left€home€for€several€daysÐ $ t Ðor€weeks.€€Another€source€of€conflict€between€Thornton€and€the€appellant€was€ð ðconcern€.€.€.€that€[theÐ  ` Ðappellant]€was€spending€the€night€with€men,€going€off€with€the€men;€she€was€never€at€home.ðð€€PierceÐ ü L  Ðexplained€that€the€appellant€would€simply€walk€out€the€door€and€leave€with€any€man€who€ð ðwould€pickÐ è 8  Ðher€up€and€take€her€wherever.ððÐ Ô$  Ѐ€€Ð À  Ðà  àà ` àFor€the€next€twelve€to€thirteen€years,€DCSððs€involvement€with€the€family€continued,€Ð ¬ü  Ðwith€referrals€coming€in€every€two€to€four€months.€€Most€of€the€referrals€related€to€the€instability€inÐ ˜è  Ðthe€home€resulting€from€Thorntonððs€alcohol€abuse.€€€Pierce€noted€that€during€this€time€Thornton€wasÐ „Ô  Ðthe€primary€caretaker€for€the€children.€€Although€he€frequently€consumed€alcohol,€Pierce€contendedÐ pÀ Ðthat€he€always€seemed€to€be€able€to€care€for€the€children.€€Ð \¬ ÐÌà  àà ` àPierce€testified€that€when€Thornton€was€drinking€or€when€there€was€conflict€in€theÐ 4„ ÐhomeÔ#†XJáXXXJá,˜#ÔÔ‡XJáXXXJáÔ,€the€appellant€would€frequently€call€Pierce€or€the€sheriffððs€department.€€Occasionally,€theÐ  p Ðappellant€became€upset€if€Thornton€left€home€early€in€the€morning€and€did€not€return€within€two€orÐ  \ Ðthree€hours.€€Pierce€always€reassured€the€appellant€and€explained€that€Thornton€had€gone€to€work€andÐ øH Ðð ðeverything€was€okay.ððÐ ä4 Ѐ€€Ð Ð  Ðà  àà ` àAfter€Thornton€died€in€1997,€Homemaker€Services€came€into€the€appellantððs€home€inÐ ¼  Ðan€effort€to€motivate€the€appellant€and€teach€her€to€maintain€her€home€and€care€for€her€children.€Ð ¨ø ÐHomemaker€Services€did€an€assessment€of€the€family€and€prepared€a€plan€to€meet€the€familyððs€needs.€Ð ”ä ÐThe€plan€proposed€to€teach€the€appellant€to€perform€routine€household€chores.€€Specifically,Ð €Ð ÐHomemaker€Services€noted€that€the€appellant€should€be€taught€to€do€laundry,€care€for€clothing,€washÐ l¼ Ðdishes,€change€bed€linens,€clean€the€bathroom,€and€learn€sanitation€safety€and€trash€and€insect€control.€Ð X ¨ ÐThe€plan€also€proposed€that€the€appellant€be€taught€to€cook,€care€for€the€children,€do€her€groceryÐ D!” Ðshopping,€pay€bills,€and€perform€other€essential€errands.€€Notably,€the€plan€included€teaching€theÐ 0"€  Ðappellant€child€care€skills,€enabling€her€to€meet€the€physical€and€emotional€needs€of€her€children.Ð #l! Ѐ€€Ð $X" Ðà  àà ` àPierce€also€testified€regarding€the€social€history€of€the€family€compiled€by€DCS,€asÐ ô$D # Ðwell€as€the€plan€of€care€for€each€child.€€She€explained€that€when€DCS€works€with€a€family,€a€plan€isÐ à%0!$ Ðdevised€which€provides€certain€responsibilities€the€parent€must€meet€in€order€for€the€children€toÐ Ì&"% Ðremain€in€the€home.€€Pierce€reviewed€the€plan€of€care€for€each€of€the€appellantððs€children€and€notedÐ ¸'#& Ðthat€the€appellant€had€signed€the€documents€by€printing€ð ðAnnnðð€or€ð ðAnnnnðð€with€no€last€nameÐ ¤(ô#' Ðaffixed.€€The€plan€of€care€for€the€appellantððs€children€noted€that€the€appellant€needed€to€learn€to€writeÐ )à$( Ðâ âher€name,€properly€supervise€and€discipline€the€children,€prepare€ten€different€meals,€read€basicÐ |*Ì%) Ðwords,€count€money,€and€keep€the€children€clean.€€Additionally,€the€appellant€needed€to€find€a€house,Ð ° Ðobtain€enough€beds€for€herself€and€the€children,€and€have€someone€manage€her€finances.€Ð œì Ðâ  €€Ð ˆØ Ðà  àà ` àPierce€stated€that€the€appellant€could€not€be€given€directions€in€a€general€manner.€€AnÐ tÄ Ðinstruction€to€clean€the€house€was€much€too€general.€€Rather,€the€directions€had€to€be€simplified,€suchÐ `° Ðas€telling€her€to€wash€the€dishes,€wash€the€clothes,€or€mop€the€floor.€€Pierce€confirmed€that,€duringÐ L œ Ðthe€many€years€DCS€worked€with€the€appellant€to€improve€the€familyððs€living€conditions,€littleÐ 8 ˆ Ðprogress€was€made.€€€Despite€years€of€documentation€regarding€the€appellantððs€limitations,€the€goalÐ $ t Ðof€the€plan,€quite€incredulously,€was€to€teach€the€appellant€the€required€skills€within€a€two€monthÐ  ` Ðperiod.€€Pierce€acknowledged€that€during€the€twelve€to€fourteen€years€of€DCSððs€€involvement€withÐ ü L  Ðthe€appellant,€there€was€little€improvement.€€Pierce€noted€that€DCS€received€referrals€after€ThorntonððsÐ è 8  Ðdeath€because€ð ðthere€were€people€that€were€concerned€of€how€she€was€going€to€maintain.ðð€Ð Ô$  ÐRegardless,€Pierce€alleged€that€ð ðin€[the€appellantððs]€case,€she€knew€a€lot.€€It€was€just€she€didnððt€wantÐ À  Ðto€do€it.ðð€€She€also€acknowledged€that,€despite€little€or€no€improvement€in€the€appellantððs€parentingÐ ¬ü  Ðskills€and€the€increasingly€frequent€referrals€to€DCS,€the€children€were€not€removed€from€the€homeÐ ˜è  Ðuntil€several€months€after€Thorntonððs€death.€€However,€Pierce€opined€that€the€appellant€was€ð ðjust€lazyÐ „Ô  Ðat€times.ððÐ pÀ Ѐ€€Ð \¬ Ðà  àà ` àDr.€Regan,€a€forensic€psychiatrist€at€MTMHI,€testified€that€he€routinely€performedÐ H˜ Ðindependent€forensic€evaluations€for€the€State.€€Dr.€Regan€related€that€he€was€not€hired€by€either€partyÐ 4„ Ðbut€operated€as€a€ð ðfriend€of€The€Court.ðð€€Dr.€Regan€explained€that€patients€are€sent€to€MTMHI€forÐ  p Ða€period€of€up€to€thirty€days.€€While€at€MTMHI,€he,€along€with€a€psychologist,€social€workers,€andÐ  \ Ðnursing€staff,€observes€and€monitors€the€patients€ð ðpretty€much€twenty„four€hours€a€day€for€the€entireÐ øH Ðthirty€daysðð€of€the€evaluation.Ð ä4 ÐÌà  àà ` àDr.€Regan€noted€that€the€appellant€was€at€MTMHI€from€May€26,€1999,€until€June€22,Ð ¼  Ð1999.€€Dr.€Regan€explained€that€in€performing€an€evaluation€the€team€typically€reviews€previousÐ ¨ø Ðmental€health€examinations€as€well€as€social€and€medical€history.€€Specifically,€in€the€appellantððs€case,Ð ”ä Ðthe€team€was€able€to€review€records€from€the€appellantððs€childhood.€€€Ð €Ð Ѐ€€Ð l¼ Ðà  àà ` àDr.€Regan€further€explained€that€the€appellant€was€tested€using€the€Wexler€AdultÐ X ¨ ÐIntelligence€Scale,€which€he€described€as€the€ð ðgold€standard€of€testing€IQ.ðð€€The€test€was€composedÐ D!” Ðof€eleven€subtests€which€measured€a€variety€of€different€types€of€intelligence€and€ð ðfrom€that€you€getÐ 0"€  Ða€verbal€performance€and€a€full€scale€IQ.ðð€€Dr.€Regan€explained€that€an€average€individual€has€an€IQÐ #l! Ðof€100.€€Individuals€with€scores€below€70€are€classified€as€mentally€retarded.€€Individuals€with€scoresÐ $X" Ðranging€from€70€to€55€are€classified€as€mildly€mentally€retarded,€and€individuals€with€scores€rangingÐ ô$D # Ðfrom€55€to€35€or€40€are€deemed€to€be€moderately€mentally€retarded.€€Ð à%0!$ Ѐ€€Ð Ì&"% Ðà  àà ` àDr.€Regan€concluded€that€the€appellantððs€IQ€score€was€in€the€mid„forties,€congruousÐ ¸'#& Ðwith€a€moderate€level€of€mental€retardation.€€This€score€was€consistent€with€the€results€of€IQ€testsÐ ¤(ô#' Ðgiven€to€the€appellant€when€she€was€sixteen€to€eighteen€years€old.€€Dr.€Regan€related€that€theÐ )à$( Ðappellantððs€performance€skills,€which€relate€to€her€ability€to€manipulate€objects,€was€37€and€her€verbalÐ |*Ì%) Ðskills€were€47.€€He€concluded€that€the€appellantððs€full€scale€IQ€was€43.€€Ð h+¸&* Ѐ€€Ð ° Ðà  àà ` àDr.€Regan€further€explained€that€individuals€who€are€classified€as€moderately€mentallyÐ œì Ðretarded€are€much€less€able€to€care€for€themselves€than€are€those€individuals€with€mild€retardation.€Ð ˆØ ÐModerately€retarded€individuals€are€ð ðoften€labile,€theyððre€impulsive,€theyððll€act€out.ðð€€A€large€numberÐ tÄ Ðof€moderately€retarded€individuals€are€institutionalized€or€live€in€group€homes.€€Dr.€Regan€stated€thatÐ `° Ðthe€assessment€of€the€appellant,€including€her€social€and€mental€history,€confirmed€that€she€functionsÐ L œ Ðat€the€level€of€a€moderately€retarded€individual.€€Additionally,€Dr.€Regan€noted€that€the€appellantððsÐ 8 ˆ Ðsocial€history€reflected€that,€from€an€early€age,€she€was€subjected€to€profound€sexual€abuse€by€herÐ $ t Ðfather€and€an€older€brother.€€Ð  ` Ѐ€€Ð ü L  Ðà  àà ` àDr.€Regan€opined€that€similar€to€a€five„€to€seven„year„old€child,€the€appellantððs€abilityÐ è 8  Ðfor€abstract€thinking€is€extremely€limited.€€She€is€able€to€comprehend€concrete€objectives€such€asÐ Ô$  Ðcooking,€washing€dishes,€and€mopping€a€floor,€but€must€be€told€repeatedly€to€do€such€chores.€€Dr.Ð À  ÐRegan€stated€that€the€appellant€is€easily€led,€noting€that€she€watches€facial€cues€and€respondsÐ ¬ü  Ðaccordingly,€regardless€of€the€correct€response.€€Dr.€Regan€postulated€that€the€appellantððs€socialÐ ˜è  Ðupbringing€affected€her€way€of€perceiving€the€world,€concluding€that€ð ð[t]he€experiences€that€sheððs€hadÐ „Ô  Ðmake€her€what€she€is.ðð€€Ð pÀ ÐÌà  àà ` àBased€upon€the€foregoing€proof,€the€appellant€was€convicted€ofÔ#†XJáXXXJáÁ®#Ô€€two€counts€of€rapeÐ H˜ Ðof€a€child;€three€counts€of€criminal€responsibility€for€rape€of€a€child;€one€count€of€aggravated€sexualÐ 4„ Ðbattery;€one€count€of€criminal€responsibility€for€aggravated€sexual€battery;€and€one€count€of€incest.€Ð  p ÐThe€trial€court€imposed€a€total€effective€sentence€of€sixty„two€years€incarceration.Ô‡XJáXXXJáÔ€€On€appeal,€theÐ  \ Ðappellant€contends€that€she€was€not€competent€to€stand€trial;€that€she€should€have€been€found€notÐ øH Ðguilty€by€reason€of€insanity;€that€her€statement€to€Investigator€Chapman€should€have€been€suppressed;Ð ä4 Ðthat€the€trial€court€erred€by€allowing€Investigator€Chapman€to€testify€regarding€the€time€and€place€ofÐ Ð  Ðthe€offenses;€that€the€trial€court€should€have€allowed€her€to€impeach€the€testimony€of€RGT;€that€theÐ ¼  Ðevidence€is€not€sufficient€to€support€the€convictions€and€the€trial€court€erred€in€sentencing€theÐ ¨ø Ðappellant.Ð ”ä ÐÌà0  àà ° àà@ðð#s#s#àòòò òII.€€Analysisóóó ó׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú9Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ׈Ð l¼ Ðà@¡¡$àA.€CompetencyˆÐ X ¨ Ðà  àà ` à€The€appellant€first€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€finding€her€competent€to€standÐ D!” Ðtrial.€€On€appeal,€the€State€concedes€that€the€trial€court€erred,€agreeing€with€the€appellant€that€theÐ 0"€  Ðevidence€preponderates€against€the€finding€of€competency.€€Ô#†XJáXXXJáìÒ#ÔÐ #l! ÐÌà  àà ` àBoth€the€federal€and€state€constitutions€prohibit€subjecting€a€mentally€incompetentÐ ô$D # Ðaccused€to€trial.€€òòSeeóó€U.S.€Const.€amend€XIV;€Tenn.€Const.€art.€I,€ðð€8;€òòPate€v.€Robinsonóó,€383€U.S.€375,Ð à%0!$ Ð378,€86€S.€Ct.€836,€838€(1966);€òòState€v.€Blackstockóó,€19€S.W.3d€200,€205€(Tenn.€2000).€€ð ðThe€standardÐ Ì&"% Ðfor€determining€competency€to€stand€trial€is€whether€the€accused€has€ððthe€capacity€to€understand€theÐ ¸'#& Ðnature€and€object€of€the€proceedings€against€him,€to€consult€with€counsel€and€to€assist€in€preparingÐ ¤(ô#' Ðhis€defense.ðððð€€òòBlackstockóó,€19€S.W.3d€at€205€(quoting€òòState€v.€Blackóó,€815€S.W.2d€166,€174€(Tenn.Ð ° Ð1991));€òòÔ‡ XJáXXXJáÔsee€alsoÔ#†XJáXX XJáÛ#ÔÔ‡ XJáXXXJáÔóó€òòDusky€v.€United€Statesóó,€362€U.S.€402,€402,€80€S.€Ct.€788,€789€(1960)Ô#†XJáXX XJágÛ#Ôòòóó.€€The€appellantÐ œì Ðbears€the€burden€of€establishing€by€a€preponderance€of€the€evidence€her€lack€of€competence€to€standÐ ˆØ Ðtrial.€€òòState€v.€Oodyóó,€823€S.W.2d€554,€559€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).€€On€appeal,€this€court€willÐ tÄ Ðconsider€the€trial€courtððs€findings€conclusive€unless€the€evidence€preponderates€against€such€findings.€Ð `° ÐòòId.óó€€Ð L œ ÐÌà  àà ` àIn€òòBlackstockóó,€our€supreme€court€concluded€that€the€evidence€did€not€preponderateÐ $ t Ðagainst€the€trial€courtððs€determinations€that€a€defendant€with€an€IQ€of€55€was€competent€to€stand€trial.€Ð  ` Ð19€S.W.3d€at€206.€€Concluding€that€the€issue€was€close,€the€court€noted€that€no€evidentiary€hearingÐ ü L  Ðon€the€question€of€competency€was€held€prior€to€trial.€€òòId.óó€€Moreover,€the€only€proof€regardingÐ è 8  Ðcompetency€consisted€of€one€report€from€a€mental€health€expert€who€found€the€defendant€competentÐ Ô$  Ðto€stand€trial.€€No€additional€expert€or€lay€testimony€was€presented€to€establish€that€Blackstock€didÐ À  Ðnot€have€the€capacity€to€understand€the€proceeding€against€him€and€to€assist€his€attorney€in€hisÐ ¬ü  Ðdefense.€€òòId.óó€€Ð ˜è  ÐÌà  àà ` à€Contrastingly,€in€the€instant€case€all€three€mental€health€experts€consistently€testifiedÐ pÀ Ðthat€because€of€her€moderate€mental€retardation,€the€appellant€possessed€no€appreciable€understandingÐ \¬ Ðof€the€judicial€proceedings.€€Ô‡ô¢ÕòXXJáÔ€€Ô#†XJáXòô¢ÕZâ#ÔIn€òòVan€Tran€v.€Stateóó,€66€S.W.3d€790,€795€(Tenn.€2001),€our€supremeÐ H˜ Ðcourt€observed€that€about€one€percent€of€the€general€population€suffers€from€mental€retardation;€ofÐ 4„ Ðthis€one€percent,€ten€percent€are€moderately€retarded.€€ð ðA€person€with€moderate€mental€retardationÐ  p Ðmay€learn€to€attend€to€self„care€and€perform€basic€work€skills€under€supervision,€yet€can€attainÐ  \ Ðacademic€skills€up€to€only€the€second€grade€level.ðð€€òòId.óó€at€796.€€Describing€the€appellant,€Dr.€SneedÐ øH Ðtestified€at€the€competency€hearing€that€the€appellant€ð ðdid€not€understand€her€charges€and€the€possibleÐ ä4 Ðconsequences.€€She€was€very€confused€about€the€basic€judicial€process.€€And€she,€in€my€opinion,€didÐ Ð  Ðnot€have€the€capacity€to€cooperate€with€an€attorney€in€her€own€defense.ðð€€Furthermore,€Dr.€SneedÐ ¼  Ðasserted€that,€ð ð[b]ecause€of€the€severity€of€[the€appellantððs]€level€of€mental€retardation,ðð€she€was€notÐ ¨ø Ðcompetent€to€stand€trial€and€it€would€not€be€possible€for€the€appellant€to€become€competent.€€Dr.Ð ”ä ÐRegan€agreed€with€Dr.€Sneedððs€assessment€of€the€appellantððs€incompetency.€€When€asked€if€theÐ €Ð Ðappellantððs€ability€to€learn€concrete€functions,€such€as€cooking€or€writing€her€name,€indicated€herÐ l¼ Ðcompetence,€Dr.€Regan€responded,€Ð X ¨ Ðà8  àà8` !!àThe€problem€is,€at€this€level€of€intellectual€functioning,€that€they€reallyÐ D!” Ðcannot€learn€enoughð!ðitððs€a€huge€leap€to€go€from€saying€that€you€canÐ 0"€  Ðlearn€to€write€your€name€toð!ðthat€you€would€be€able€to€learn€enough€toÐ #l! Ðbe€able€to€effectively€assist€your€attorney€and€understand€whatððs€goingÐ $X" Ðon€at€trial.Ðô$D #` Ã` à ÐÌà  àà ` àDr.€Mount€also€testified€that€the€appellant€was€not€competent€to€stand€trial,€noting€thatÐ Ì&"% Ðthe€appellant€could€not€correctly€answer€questions€relating€to€the€role€of€primary€court€participants.€Ð ¸'#& ÐDr.€Mount€revealed€that€due€to€the€appellantððs€problems€with€the€retention€of€information,€it€wouldÐ ¤(ô#' Ðbe€difficult€for€her€to€remember€complex€communications€regarding€court€procedure€or€even€correctlyÐ )à$( Ðremember€the€events€underlying€her€charges.€€For€example,€Dr.€Mount€stated€that€the€appellant€couldÐ |*Ì%) Ðnot€tell€him€the€correct€day,€month,€or€year.€€Additionally,€while€the€appellant€could€recite€the€correctÐ h+¸&* Ðages€of€her€children€when€asked€about€each€child€by€name,€she€could€not€consistently€relate€theÐ ° Ðcorrect€number€of€children€that€she€had.€€In€sum,€the€three€mental€health€experts€agreed€that€theÐ œì Ðappellant€was€not€malingering€and€they€were€unanimous€in€their€assessment€that€the€appellant€wasÐ ˆØ Ðnot€competent€to€stand€trial.€€Moreover,€the€defense€provided€the€testimony€of€lay€witnesses€Ð tÄ Ðregarding€the€appellantððs€history€and€limitations.Ð `° ÐÌà  àà ` àTo€challenge€the€expert€proof€regarding€the€appellantððs€incompetence,€the€StateÐ 8 ˆ Ðpresented€testimony€from€lay€witnesses,€including€DCS€employees,€who€attested€that€the€appellantÐ $ t Ðcould€cook,€do€laundry,€clean€house,€and€write€her€name.€€In€particular,€the€State€submitted€an€audioÐ  ` Ðtape€and€transcript€of€Investigator€Chapmanððs€interview€with€the€appellant.€€The€trial€court€ruled,Ð ü L  Ðbased€largely€upon€the€interview,€that€the€appellant€was€competent€because€she€had€the€capability€toÐ è 8  Ðrecognize€that€the€charged€behavior€was€wrong.€€Specifically,€the€court€found€that€the€appellantÐ Ô$  Ðð ðmight€not€have€the€capacity€to€advise€counsel€and€stand€trial.ðð€€However,€the€trial€court€determinedÐ À  Ðthat€she€was€competent€to€stand€trial€because€she€ð ðmight€have€understood€wrongdoing.ðð€€As€weÐ ¬ü  Ðearlier€noted,€the€appellantððs€ability€to€recognize€the€wrongfulness€of€the€conduct€is€not€aÐ ˜è  Ðconsideration€in€determining€the€appellantððs€competency.€€Instead,€the€relevant€question€inÐ „Ô  Ðdetermining€competency€is€whether€the€appellant€understands€the€proceedings€against€her€and€canÐ pÀ Ðassist€in€defending€herself€against€the€pending€charges.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Bentonóó,€759€S.W.2d€427,€429Ð \¬ Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988).€€All€of€the€evidence€relevant€to€the€appellantððs€competency€uniformlyÐ H˜ Ðsupports€the€position€that€she€is€not€competent€to€stand€trial.€€Accordingly,€we€agree€with€theÐ 4„ Ðappellant€and€the€State€that€the€evidence€preponderates€against€the€trial€courtððs€finding€that€theÐ  p Ðappellant€was€competent.€€Therefore,€the€appellantððs€convictions€must€be€reversed.׃'×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú10Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Nevertheless,Ð  \ Ðin€anticipation€of€further€proceedings,€€we€will€briefly€address€the€remainder€of€the€issues€raised€byÐ øH Ðthe€appellant.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àÐ ä4 Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà@*àˆÌÓ  ÓB.€€InsanityÐ ¼  ÐÓLøÓà  àà ` àThe€appellant€also€complains€that€ð ð[t]he€jury€erred€in€not€finding€[the€appellant]€notÐ ¨ø Ðguilty€by€reason€of€insanity,€there€being€clear€and€convincing€evidence€of€her€insanity€introduced€atÐ ”ä Ðtrial,€and€the€Court€erred€in€not€finding€[the€appellant]€guilty€by€reason€of€insanity.ðð€€The€insanityÐ €Ð Ðdefense€became€an€affirmative€defense€on€July€1,€1995.€€Currently,Ð l¼ Ðà8  àà8` !!à[i]t€is€an€affirmative€defense€to€prosecution€that,€at€the€time€of€theÐ X ¨ Ðcommission€of€the€acts€constituting€the€offense,€the€defendant,€as€aÐ D!” Ðresult€of€a€severe€mental€disease€or€defect,€was€unable€to€appreciate€theÐ 0"€  Ðnature€or€wrongfulness€of€such€defendantððs€acts.€€Mental€disease€orÐ #l! Ðdefect€does€not€otherwise€constitute€a€defense.€€The€defendant€has€theÐ $X" Ðburden€of€proving€the€defense€of€insanity€by€clear€and€convincingÐ ô$D # Ðâ âevidence.Ðà%0!$` Ã` à ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„501(a)€(1997).€€Evidence€is€deemed€clear€and€convincing€when€ð ðÔ‡XJáXXXJáÔthere€isÐ ° Ðno€serious€or€substantial€doubt€about€the€correctness€of€the€conclusions€to€be€drawn€from€theÐ œì Ðevidence.ðð€€òòState€v.€Holderóó,Ô#†XJáXXXJá*ý#ÔÔ‡XJáXXXJáÔ€15€S.W.3d€905,Ô#†XJáXXXJá þ#ÔÔ‡XJáXXXJáÔ€912€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1999).Ô#†XJáXXXJáqþ#Ô€€Furthermore,€Ð ˆØ Ðâ âà8  àà8` !!à[i]n€determining€the€issue€of€insanity,€the€trier€of€fact€may€considerÐ tÄ Ðboth€lay€and€expert€testimony€and€may€discount€expert€testimonyÐ `° Ðwhich€it€finds€to€be€in€conflict€with€the€facts€of€the€case.€.€.€.€€Ð L œ Ð[Moreover,]€[i]n€determining€the€defendantððs€mental€status€at€the€timeÐ 8 ˆ Ðof€the€alleged€crime,€the€trier€of€fact€may€look€to€the€evidence€of€hisÐ $ t Ðactions€and€words€before,€at,€and€immediately€after€the€commission€ofÐ  ` Ðthe€offense.€€Ðü L ` Ã` à ÐòòId.Ô‡XJáXXXJáÔóó€Ô#†XJáXXXJám#Ôòòóó(citations€omitted).€€€Ð è 8  ÐÌà  àà ` àOur€supreme€court€recently€ð ðunanimously€conclude[d]€that€appellate€courts€inÐ À  ÐTennessee€should€apply€[a]€reasonableness€standard€when€reviewing€a€juryððs€rejection€of€the€insanityÐ ¬ü  Ðdefense.ðð€€òòState€v.€Christopher€M.€Flakeóó,€No.€W2000„01131„SC„R11„CD,€2002€Tenn.€LEXIS€375,Ð ˜è  Ðat€**38„39€(Jackson,€Aug.€29,€2002)€(publication€pending).€€In€other€words,€an€appellate€court€shouldÐ „Ô  Ðreverse€a€juryððs€rejection€of€the€insanity€defense€ð ðonly€if,€considering€the€evidence€in€the€light€mostÐ pÀ Ðfavorable€to€the€prosecution,€no€reasonable€trier€of€fact€could€have€failed€to€find€that€the€defendantððsÐ \¬ Ðinsanity€at€the€time€of€the€offense€was€established€by€clear€and€convincing€evidence.ðð€€òòId.óó€at€*39.Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àà ` à€In€the€instant€case,€there€was€substantial€proof€that€at€the€time€of€the€offenses€theÐ  p Ðappellant€was€suffering€from€the€mental€defect€of€moderate€mental€retardation.€€However,€inÐ  \ ÐTennessee,€the€insanity€statute€also€requires€that€such€defect€must€render€the€appellant€unable€toÐ øH Ðappreciate€the€nature€or€wrongfulness€of€her€acts.€€The€proof€presented€at€trial€clearly€demonstratedÐ ä4 Ðthat€the€appellant€was€aware€that€the€offenses€perpetrated€upon€her€children€were€wrong.€€TheÐ Ð  Ðappellant€went€to€Deasonððs€office€to€complain€about€Harrisðð€abuse€of€PMT.€Moreover,€in€anÐ ¼  Ðevaluation€submitted€by€Dr.€Sneed,€the€doctor€observed€that€the€appellant€maintained€that€ð ðIððm€a€goodÐ ¨ø Ðmother€that€donððt€rape€her€kids!ðð€€At€trial,€Dr.€Regan€observed€that€a€person€suffering€from€moderateÐ ”ä Ðmental€retardation€would€ð ðunderstand€right€from€wrong€from€the€sense€that€you€have€told€them€thatÐ €Ð Ðitððs€right€or€wrong,€not€that€thereððs€an€internal€sense€of€whatððs€right€and€wrong.ðð€€Furthermore,Ð l¼ ÐNorwood€testified€that€the€appellant€told€her€that€she€was€in€jail€because€she€ð ðmessed€with€her€kids.ðð€Ð X ¨ ÐThe€appellant€also€told€Norwood€that,€when€Harris€raped€RT€ð ðshe€got€up€and€went€outside€becauseÐ D!” Ðshe€didnððt€want€to€hear€the€baby€scream.ðð€€The€proof€demonstrates€that€the€appellant€appreciated€theÐ 0"€  Ðwrongfulness€of€raping€children€or€touching€children€inappropriately.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€at€*46.€€As€our€supremeÐ #l! Ðcourt€noted,€ð ð[t]he€[insanity]€statute€places€the€burden€of€establishing€this€affirmative€defense€squarelyÐ $X" Ðon€the€defendant.ðð€€òòId.óó€at€*40.€We€conclude€that€the€appellant€failed€to€meet€her€burden€of€establishingÐ ô$D # Ðthis€defense€by€clear€and€convincing€evidence.€€Accordingly,€this€issue€is€without€merit.Ð à%0!$ ÐÌÓ  Óà @ àC.€€Admissibility€of€Statement׃D×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú11Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð ¸'#& Ðâ âÓ Óà  àà ` àAs€to€the€issue€of€the€admissibility€of€the€appellantððs€statement,€the€appellant€contends:Ð ¤(ô#' Ðà8  àà8` !!àThe€Court€erred€in€not€suppressing€[the€appellantððs]€statement.€[TheÐ ° Ðâ âappellantððs]€statement€to€Investigator€Chapman€was€involuntary.€Ð œì ÐAppellant€concedes€that€[the€appellant]€was€not€under€arrest€at€the€timeÐ ˆØ Ðthe€statement€was€given.€€However,€in€view€of€[the€appellantððs]€limitedÐ tÄ Ðmental€ability,€and€the€circumstances€surrounding€her€ð ðinterview[,ðð]Ð `° Ðappellant€takes€the€position€that€the€authorities€overreached€inÐ L œ Ðobtaining€[the€appellantððs]€statement.Ð8 ˆ` Ã` à ÐIn€short,€the€appellant€essentially€argues€that€her€statement,€which€functioned€as€a€confession€toÐ $ t Ðwrongdoing,€was€involuntary.Ð  ` ÐÌà  àà ` àBecause€the€determination€of€whether€the€appellant€voluntarily€made€a€confessionÐ è 8  Ðprimarily€requires€a€trial€court€to€make€findings€of€fact,€we€will€defer€to€such€findings€on€appealÐ Ô$  Ðunless€the€evidence€preponderates€otherwise.€€òòState€v.€Waltonóó,€41€S.W.3d€75,€81€(Tenn.€2001),€òòcert.Ð À  Ðdeniedóó,€534€U.S.€948,€122€S.€Ct.€341€(2001).€€However,€any€conclusions€of€law€made€by€the€trialÐ ¬ü  Ðcourt€are€reviewed€de€novo.€€òòId.óó€€As€the€trier€of€fact€at€a€suppression€hearing,€the€trial€court€mustÐ ˜è  Ðdetermine€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses,€the€weight€and€value€of€the€evidence,€and€the€resolutionÐ „Ô  Ðof€conflicts€in€the€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Odomóó,€928€S.W.2d€18,€23€(Tenn.€1996).€€Additionally,€theÐ pÀ Ðprevailing€party€is€entitled€to€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€presented€at€theÐ \¬ Ðsuppression€hearing,€as€well€as€all€reasonable€and€legitimate€inferences€that€may€be€drawn€from€suchÐ H˜ Ðevidence.€€òòId.óó€€Ð 4„ ÐÌà  àà ` àIn€the€instant€case,€the€State€concedes€that€a€non„custodial€interrogation€must€beÐ  \ Ðvoluntary€in€order€to€be€admissible.€€However,€the€State€contends€that€coercive€police€activity€is€aÐ øH Ðnecessary€prerequisite€to€finding€a€confession€involuntary.€€The€State,€citing€òòState€v.€Kellyóó,€603Ð ä4 ÐS.W.2d€726,€728€(Tenn.€1980)€(quoting€òòRogers€v.€Richmondóó,€365€U.S.€534,€544,€81€S.€Ct.€735,€741Ð Ð  Ð(1961)),€argues€that€the€behavior€of€state€officials€must€be€ð ðððsuch€as€to€overbear€[the€appellantððs]€willÐ ¼  Ðto€resist€and€bring€about€confessions€not€freely€self„determined.ðððð€€Accordingly,€the€State€concludesÐ ¨ø Ðthat€the€appellantððs€will€was€not€overborne€by€coercive€questioning€and€the€statement€was€voluntary.Ð ”ä ÐÌà  àà ` à€Both€the€Fifth€Amendment€to€the€United€States€Constitution€and€Article€I,€section€9Ð l¼ Ðof€the€Tennessee€Constitution€provide€protection€against€compulsory€self„incrimination.€€ð ðTheÐ X ¨ Ðsignificant€difference€between€these€two€provisions€is€that€the€test€of€voluntariness€for€confessionsÐ D!” Ðunder€Article€I,€ðð€9€is€broader€and€more€protective€of€individual€rights€than€the€test€of€voluntarinessÐ 0"€  Ðunder€the€Fifth€Amendment.ðð€€òòState€v.€Crumpóó,€834€S.W.2d€265,€268€(Tenn.€1992).€€€€One€of€the€mainÐ #l! Ðprotections€against€self„incrimination€is€the€requirement€that€a€confession€be€voluntary€before€it€mayÐ $X" Ðbe€used€against€an€accused€at€trial.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Carteróó,€988€S.W.2d€145,€149€(Tenn.€1999).€€Notably,Ð ô$D # Ðð ð[e]ven€if€òòMirandaóó€warnings€are€not€required,€a€confession€cannot€be€used€if€it€is€involuntary.ðð€Ð à%0!$ ÐòòUnited€States€v.€Macklinóó,€900€F.2d€948,€951€(6òòthóó€Cir.€1990).€€ð ðA€confession€is€involuntary€only€ifÐ Ì&"% Ðthere€is€(1)€police€coercion€or€overreaching€which€(2)€overbore€the€accusedððs€will€and€(3)€caused€theÐ ¸'#& Ðconfession.ðð€€òòHill€v.€Andersonóó,€300€F.3d€679,€682€(6òòthóó€Cir.€2002);€òòsee€alsoóó€òòColorado€v.€Connellyóó,€479Ð ¤(ô#' ÐU.S.€157,€165„66,€107€S.€Ct.€515,€520€(1986)€and€òòUnited€States€v.€Brownóó,€66€F.3d€124,€126„27€(6òòthóóÐ )à$( ÐCir.€1995).€€Nevertheless,€ð ð[w]hen€a€suspect€suffers€from€some€mental€incapacity,€such€asÐ |*Ì%) Ðintoxication€or€retardation,€and€the€incapacity€is€known€to€interrogating€officers,€a€ððlesser€quantumÐ h+¸&* Ðof€coercionðð€is€necessary€to€call€a€confession€into€question.ðð€€òòId.óó€(quoting€òòUnited€States€v.€Sablotnyóó,Ð ° Ð21€F.3d€747,€751€(7òòthóó€Cir.€1994)).Ð œì ÐÌà  àà ` àHowever,€ð ð[it€is€not]€the€case€that€a€person€who€is€mildly€retarded€is€incapable€ofÐ tÄ Ðconfessing€a€crime.ðð€€òòState€v.€Greeróó,€749€S.W.2d€484,€485€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988).€€As€our€supremeÐ `° Ðcourt€recently€remarked:Ð L œ Ðà8  àà8` !!àð ðMental€retardation€may€have€a€significant€impact€on€an€individualÐ 8 ˆ Ðwho€finds€himself€involved€with€the€criminal€justice€system,Ð $ t Ðparticularly€in€the€context€of€confessions€and€interrogations.€€It€is€well„Ð  ` Ðrecognized€that€mental€retardation€is€not€a€per€se€bar€to€voluntaryÐ ü L  Ðinterrogations€and€confessions,€although€it€may€be€a€fact€to€be€weighedÐ è 8  Ðin€evaluating€the€voluntariness€of€a€confession.€€Many€mentallyÐ Ô$  Ðretarded€people€may€be€less€likely€to€withstand€police€coercion€orÐ À  Ðpressure€due€to€their€limited€communication€skills,€their€predispositionÐ ¬ü  Ðto€answer€questions€so€as€to€please€the€questioner€rather€than€to€answerÐ ˜è  Ðthe€question€accurately,€and€their€tendency€to€be€submissive.ððÐ„Ô ` Ã` à ÐòòVan€Tranóó,€66€S.W.3d€at€806€(quoting€Lyn€Entzeroth,€òòPutting€the€Mentally€Retarded€CriminalÐ pÀ ÐDefendant€to€Death:€Charting€the€Development€of€a€National€Consesus€to€Exempt€the€MentallyÐ \¬ ÐRetarded€from€the€Death€Penaltyóó,€52€Ala.€L.€Rev.€911,€917€(2001)).€Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àà ` àIn€òòBlackstockóó,€our€supreme€court€considered€whether€a€mentally€retarded€defendantÐ  p Ðhad€voluntarily€waived€his€òòMirandaóó€rights.€€19€S.W.3d€206„09.€€In€determining€that€the€waiver€wasÐ  \ Ðnot€ð ðvoluntarily,€knowingly€and€intelligentlyðð€made,€the€court€cited€òòState€v.€Stephensonóó,€878€S.W.2dÐ øH Ð530,€544„45€(Tenn.€1994),€explaining€that€Ð ä4 Ðà8  àà8` !!à[t]he€relinquishment€of€the€right€must€be€voluntary€in€the€sense€that€itÐ Ð  Ðis€the€product€of€a€free€and€deliberate€choice€rather€than€the€product€ofÐ ¼  Ðintimidation,€coercion€or€deception.€€Moreover,€the€waiver€must€beÐ ¨ø Ðmade€with€full€awareness€of€both€the€nature€of€the€right€beingÐ ”ä Ðabandoned€and€the€consequences€of€the€decision€to€abandon€it.€€Ð€Ð` Ã` à ÐòòId.óó€at€208.Ð l¼ ÐÌà  àà ` àAdditionally,€the€United€States€Supreme€Court€has€observed€that,€although€subtleÐ D!” Ðforms€of€persuasion€make€an€inquiry€into€the€mental€condition€of€a€defendant€significant,€it€isÐ 0"€  Ðdoubtful€ð ðthat€a€defendantððs€mental€condition,€by€itself€and€apart€from€its€relation€to€official€coercion,Ð #l! Ðshould€ever€dispose€of€the€inquiry€into€constitutional€ððvoluntariness.ðððð€€òòConnellyóó,€479€U.S.€at€164,€107Ð $X" ÐS.€Ct.€at€520.€€As€this€court€noted€in€òòBentonóó,€759€S.W.2d€at€431:Ð ô$D # Ðà8  àà8` !!àòòóó[T]he€confession€issue€in€the€case€at€bar€requires€us€to€determineÐ à%0!$ Ðwhether€the€defendant€had€the€capacity€in€the€first€place€to€form€a€willÐ Ì&"% Ðof€[her]€own€and€to€reject€the€will€of€others.€€Stated€differently,€weÐ ¸'#& Ðneed€not€determine€whether€the€defendant€was€overreached,€but€onlyÐ ¤(ô#' Ðwhether€[she]€was€ever€reached.Ð)à$(` Ã` à Ðâ âÐ |*Ì%) Ðà  àà ` àDistinguishing€òòConnellyóó,€this€court€concluded€that€while€Connellyððs€mental€problemÐ ° Ðâ âwas€schizophrenia,€a€ð ðcondition€which.€.€.ebbed€and€flowed€at€intervals,ðð€Benton,€like€the€appellant,Ð œì Ðsuffered€from€mental€retardation,€a€condition€which€is€ð ðstatic€and€never€improves.ðð€€òòBentonóó,€759Ð ˆØ ÐS.W.2d€at€432.€€Moreover,€Connelly€approached€officers€on€a€public€street€and€volunteeredÐ tÄ Ðinformation€regarding€a€murder€he€had€committed.€€In€òòBentonòòóó,€supraóó,€the€defendant€had€an€IQ€of€47,Ð `° Ðfunctioned€as€a€five„€to€seven„year„old€child,€and€was€found€by€mental€health€experts€to€beÐ L œ Ðincompetent.€€òòId.óó€at€430.€€The€defendant€ð ðwas€taken€into€custody,€transported€in€a€law€enforcementÐ 8 ˆ Ðvehicle€to€the€Sheriffððs€Department,€and€subjected€to€questioning€in€spite€of€his€retardation€and€theÐ $ t Ðexpressed€desire€of€his€father€to€be€with€him€during€the€interrogation.ðð€€òòId.óó€at€432.€€In€the€instant€case,Ð  ` ÐInvestigator€Chapman,€Deason,€and€Workman€went€to€the€appellantððs€house€òòóóto€locate€her€after€aÐ ü L  Ðmiscommunication€regarding€a€previously€scheduled€interview.€€At€their€request,€the€appellantððsÐ è 8  Ðhusband,€Calvin€Kelly,€and€the€appellant€followed€the€three€interviewers€to€the€courthouse.€€TheÐ Ô$  Ðinterview€was€conducted€in€the€judgeððs€chambers€while€Calvin€Kelly€waited€outside.€€Deason€knewÐ À  Ðthe€appellant€as€a€result€of€the€appellantððs€involvement€with€DCS.€The€appellant€trusted€Deason€toÐ ¬ü  Ðthe€point€that€she€had€reported€Harrisðð€abuse€of€PMT€to€Deason.€€Clearly,€Deason€should€have€beenÐ ˜è  Ðaware€of€the€appellantððs€limitations.€€The€questions€posed€by€the€interviewers€were€suggestive€andÐ „Ô  Ðthe€appellantððs€answers€varied€depending€upon€prompting€by€the€interviewers.€€Notably,€during€theÐ pÀ Ðinterview€Investigator€Chapman€offered€the€appellant€a€cookie.€€Ð \¬ ÐÌà  àà ` àIn€view€of€the€appellantððs€mental€limitations€and€the€circumstances€surrounding€herÐ 4„ Ðstatement,€we€conclude€that€the€appellantððs€statement€was€not€voluntary€and€should€have€beenÐ  p Ðsuppressed.Ð  \ ÐÌà@õõàD.€€Chapmanððs€TestimonyˆÐ ä4 Ðà  àà ` àThe€appellant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€allowing€Investigator€Chapman€toÐ Ð  Ðtestify€as€to€the€time€and€place€of€the€alleged€offenses,€contending€that€such€information€was€hearsay.€Ð ¼  ÐThe€State€responds€that€Investigator€Chapman€testified€that€the€information€was€the€product€of€hisÐ ¨ø Ðown€personal€knowledge;€therefore,€the€testimony€was€not€hearsay.€€Ð ”ä ÐÌà  àà ` àAt€trial,€the€State€asked€Investigator€Chapman€if,€during€the€course€of€his€investigationÐ l¼ Ðof€the€alleged€abuse,€he€ð ðbec[a]me€familiar€with€a€situation€where€the€[appellant]€and€the€childrenÐ X ¨ Ðwere€living€during€this€time€and€sort€of€what€time€period€involved€and€that€sort€of€thing.ðð€Ð D!” ÐSubsequently,€the€following€colloquy€occurred:Ð 0"€  Ðà8  àà8` !!àAppellant:€Judge,€I€am€going€to€object€to€any€of€that€information[;€it]Ð #l! Ðwould€[be]€hearsay.Ð$X"` Ã` à ÐÌà8  àà8` !!àCourt:€What€was€the€question?€€Iððm€sorry.Ðà%0!$` Ã` à ÐÌà8  àà8` !!àState:€Your€honor,€what€I€had€asked€the€witness€and€we€are€going€toÐ ¸'#& Ðhave€some€le[e]way€in€this€questioning€of€our€witnesses.€€They€areÐ ¤(ô#' Ðvery€small€children,€very€young€children€who€have€little€or€noÐ )à$( Ðcon[cept]€of€time€or€date[s]€[]and€I€was€asking€Investigator€ChapmanÐ |*Ì%) Ðabout€some€time€reference.Ðh+¸&*` Ã` à Ðà8  àà8` !!àÐ ` Ã` à Ðà8  àà8` !!àIn€other€words,€if€he€was€familiar€with€where€the€[appellant]€and€theÐ œì Ðchildren€liv[ed]€and€in€what€time€period€weððre€talking€about.ЈØ` Ã` à Ðà8  àà8` !!àÐ ` Ã` à Ðà8  àà8` !!àAppellant:€Judge,€my€objection€is€hearsay€because€the€only€way€heÐ `° Ðwould€know€that€information€unless€he€observed€during€whateverÐ L œ Ðspecific€time,€unless€he€was€there€and€sees€where€they€lived.à8@0` Ã` ÃàÐ 8 ˆ ÐÌà8  àà8` !!àCourt:€How€do€you€know€thatððs€where€they€lived?€What€time€periodÐ  ` Ðare€we€talking€about?Ðü L ` Ã` à Ðà8  àà8` !!àÐ ` Ã` à Ðà8  àà8` !!àInvestigator€Chapman:€Yes,€I€knew€where€they€lived€from€NovemberÐ Ô$  Ðof€1997€until€February€of€1998.ÐÀ ` Ã` à Ðà8  àà8` !!àÐ ` Ã` à Ðà8  àà8` !!àCourt:€Your€own€personal€knowledge?Иè ` Ã` à Ðà8  àà8` !!àÐ ` Ã` à Ðà8  àà8` !!àInvestigator€Chapman:€Yes.ÐpÀ` Ã` à Ðà8  àà8` !!àÐ ` Ã` à Ðà8  àà8` !!àCourt:€I€am€going€to€overrule€your€objection.ÐH˜` Ã` à ÐÌà8  àà8` !!àState:€Let€me€ask€you€this:€This€may€help€a€little€bit.€€Did€you€get€someÐ  p Ðof€this€information€from€talking€to€[the€appellant]?€€Ð \` Ã` à ÐÌà8  àà8` !!àInvestigator€Chapman:€I€did€and€from€other€sources.Ðä4` Ã` à ÐÌà8  àà8` !!àState:€And€what€place€during€that€time€period€at€what€place€or€whatÐ ¼  Ðgeneral€local[e]€are€we€talking€about€where€they€lived?Шø` Ã` à ÐÌà8  àà8` !!àInvestigator€Chapman:€1301€Mill€Street€here€in€Pulaski.€€TrailerÐ €Ð Ðnumber€4,€which€was€at€that€time€referred€to€as€Town€and€CountryÐ l¼ ÐTrailer€Park.ÐX ¨` Ã` à ÐÌà8  àà8` !!àState:€That€is€located€in€Giles€County?Ð0"€ ` Ã` à ÐÌà8  àà8` !!àInvestigator€Chapman:€Thatððs€correct.€€It€is,€sir.Ð$X"` Ã` à ÐLater€in€Investigator€Chapmanððs€testimony,€he€stated€that€ð ð[t]he€investigation€revealed€that€the€timeÐ ô$D # Ðframe€of€these€alleged€occurrences€would€have€been€between€November€and€prior€to€February€or€theÐ à%0!$ Ðmiddle€of€February€of€ðð98;€November€of€ðð97€to€February€of€ðð98.ððÐ Ì&"% ÐÌà  àà ` àInitially,€we€note€that€Ô‡$XJáXXXJáÔa€trial€courtððs€admission€of€evidence€is€generally€reviewed€underÐ ¤(ô#' Ðan€abuse€of€discretion€standard.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€DuBoseóó,€953€S.W.2d€649,€652€(Tenn.€1997).€€AsÐ )à$( Ðreflected€in€the€record,€defense€counsel€objected€to€Investigator€Chapmanððs€testimony€on€the€basisÐ |*Ì%) Ðit€was€hearsay.€€In€addressing€the€appellantððs€objection€to€Investigator€Chapmanððs€testimony,€we€mustÐ h+¸&* Ðaddress€two€separate€issues.€€First,€Investigator€Chapman€testified€that€he€knew€from€his€own€personalÐ ° Ðknowledge€that€the€appellant€and€the€children€lived€in€the€trailer€park€in€Pulaski€from€November€1997Ð œì Ðuntil€February€1998.€€Specifically,€he€explained€that€he€interviewed€PMT€on€December€2,€1997,€andÐ ˆØ Ðlater€spoke€with€the€appellant.€€Although€Investigator€Chapman€testified€that€some€of€his€informationÐ tÄ Ðwas€gained€from€speaking€with€the€appellant€and€from€other€sources,€neither€the€State€nor€defenseÐ `° Ðcounsel€attempted€to€distinguish€which€information€was€based€upon€his€personal€knowledge€andÐ L œ Ðwhich€information€was€gleaned€from€other€sources.€€While€Investigator€Chapman€could€not€testifyÐ 8 ˆ Ðto€facts€outside€his€personal€knowledge,€we€cannot€conclude€based€on€the€record€before€us€that€theÐ $ t Ðtrial€court€erred€in€admitting€his€testimony€regarding€where€the€appellant€and€her€children€lived€duringÐ  ` Ðthe€time€in€question.€€Ð ü L  ÐÌà  àà ` àConversely,€we€conclude€that€Investigator€Chapmanððs€testimony€that€the€offensesÐ Ô$  Ðoccurred€during€the€time€frame€from€November€1997€to€February€1998€was€hearsay.€€Hearsay€isÐ À  Ðdefined€as€ð ða€statement,€other€than€one€made€by€the€declarant€while€testifying€at€the€trial€or€hearing,Ð ¬ü  Ðoffered€in€evidence€to€prove€the€truth€Ô% ‡B ÔÔ#†XJáXX$XJázK#ÔÔ%†B_SÔÔ‡$XJáXXXJáÔof€the€matter€asserted.ðð€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€801(c).€Clearly,Ð ˜è  ÐInvestigator€Chapman€was€not€present€when€the€offenses€occurred.€€Moreover,€his€testimony€reflectedÐ „Ô  Ðthat€knowledge€of€the€time€frame€of€the€offenses€was€derived€through€his€investigation.€€Therefore,Ð pÀ Ðthis€testimony€constituted€hearsay.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Catherine€Wardóó,€No.€01C01„9307„CC„00224,€1996Ð \¬ ÐTenn.€Crim.€App.€LEXIS€71,€at€*27€(Nashville,€Feb.€2,€1996).€€As€a€general€rule,€hearsay€is€notÐ H˜ Ðadmissible€during€a€trial,€unless€the€statement€falls€under€one€of€the€exceptions€to€the€rule€againstÐ 4„ Ðhearsay.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€802.Ô#†XJáXX$XJá S#Ô€€In€the€instant€case,€we€can€discern€no€applicable€hearsay€exception.€Ð  p ÐMoreover,€Tennessee€Rule€of€Evidence€602€provides€that€ð ð[a]€witness€may€not€testify€to€a€matterÐ  \ Ðunless€evidence€is€introduced€sufficient€to€support€a€finding€that€the€witness€has€personal€knowledgeÐ øH Ðof€the€matter.ðð€€In€other€words,€ð ða€witness€is€not€competent€to€testify€about€facts€unless€the€witnessÐ ä4 Ðpersonally€perceived€those€facts€by€use€of€one€of€the€witnessððs€five€senses.ðð€€òòNeil€P.€Cohen,€et€al.óó,Ð Ð  ÐòòTennessee€Law€of€Evidenceóó,€ðð€6.02[2],€at€6„26€(LEXIS€Publishing,€4th€ed.€2000).òòóó€€InvestigatorÐ ¼  ÐChapman€acquired€the€information€from€others€and€there€is€no€applicable€exception€to€the€personalÐ ¨ø Ðknowledge€rule€that€bars€such€testimony.€€òòId.óó€at€ðð€6.02[5][c],€at€6„31.€€Ð ”ä ÐÌà@àE.€€Impeachment€of€RGTˆÐ l¼ Ðà  àà ` àNext,€the€appellant€argues€that€ð ð[t]he€court€erred€in€not€granting€[the€appellantððs]Ð X ¨ Ðmotion€to€limit€the€testimony€and€cross„examination€of€witness€Chapman€regarding€the€proposedÐ D!” Ðimpeachment€testimony€[concerning]€the€prior€inconsistent€statement€of€the€victim€[RGT],€asÐ 0"€  Ðindicated€through€[the€appellantððs]€offer€of€proof€on€that€matter.ðð€€Essentially,€the€appellant€contendsÐ #l! Ðthat€the€trial€court€erred€by€not€allowing€her€to€introduce€only€certain€portions€of€RGTððs€priorÐ $X" Ðstatements€for€the€purpose€of€impeachment.€€However,€because€the€record€is€incomplete,€we€areÐ ô$D # Ðunable€to€address€this€issue.€Ð à%0!$ ÐÌà  àà ` àAt€trial,€RGT€testified€that€the€appellant€told€him€to€place€his€ð ðfront€partðð€in€her€ð ðfrontÐ ¸'#& Ðpart.ðð€€During€cross„examination,€RGT€was€asked€if€he€recalled€a€prior€conversation€with€ChapmanÐ ¤(ô#' Ðand€Deason€in€which€he€denied€that€he€ð ðever€had€to€put€anything€in€[his]€mother.ðð€€RGT€respondedÐ )à$( Ðthat€he€did€not€remember€making€the€statement.€€Subsequently,€at€the€end€of€the€defenseððs€proof,Ð |*Ì%) Ðdefense€counsel€asked€the€trial€court€to€be€allowed€to€recall€Investigator€Chapman€for€the€purpose€ofÐ h+¸&* Ðmaking€an€offer€of€proof€as€to€RGTððs€prior€statements.€€Chapman€then€identified€two€statements€takenÐ ° Ðduring€interviews€Chapman€had€with€RGT€on€May€6,€1998€and€July€9,€1998.€€Ð œì ÐÌà  àà ` àFrom€comments€reflected€in€the€record,€we€surmise€that€defense€counsel€made€someÐ tÄ Ðtype€of€motion€regarding€the€prior€statements.׃:×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú12Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€However,€there€is€no€specific€reference€in€the€recordÐ `° Ðto€a€request€made€by€the€appellant€regarding€the€prior€inconsistent€statements,€nor€is€there€a€recordÐ L œ Ðof€the€trial€courtððs€ruling€on€any€such€motion.€€It€is€the€appellantððs€duty€to€prepare€a€record€whichÐ 8 ˆ Ðreflects€Ô‡XJáXXXJáÔa€fair,€accurate,€and€complete€account€of€what€transpired€with€respect€to€the€issues€which€formÐ $ t Ðthe€basis€of€the€appeal.Ô#†XJáXXXJáQc#Ô€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€24(b).€€In€the€instant€case,€because€the€Ô‡XJáXXXJáÔtranscript€of€theÐ  ` Ðproceedings€relevant€to€the€issue€presented€for€review€is€not€included€in€the€record,€this€court€isÐ ü L  Ðprecluded€from€considering€the€issue.€€òòState€v.€Robertsóó,€Ô#†XJáXXXJáZd#Ô755€S.W.2d€833,€836€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð è 8  Ð1988).€€Accordingly,€in€the€absence€of€an€adequate€record€on€appeal,€we€must€presume€that€the€trialÐ Ô$  Ðcourt€correctly€ruled€upon€this€issue.€€òòId.óó€€Ð À  ÐÌà@ÆÆ#àF.€€SufficiencyˆÐ ˜è  Ðà  àà ` àÔ‡ XJáXXXJáÔThe€appellant€next€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€supporting€herÐ „Ô  Ðconvictions.€€On€appeal,€the€appellant,€having€been€convicted€by€a€jury,€is€presumed€guilty.Ô#†XJáXX XJáÃf#ÔÔ‡ XJáXXXJáÔ€€òòState€v.Ð pÀ ÐSuttlesóó,€30€S.W.3d€252,€260€(Tenn.€2000).€€Ô#†XJáXX XJáÂg#ÔÔ‡ XJáXXXJáÔThus,€the€burden€falls€upon€the€appellant€to€demonstrateÐ \¬ Ðwhy€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€juryððs€findingsÔ#†XJáXX XJáTh#ÔÔ‡ XJáXXXJáÔ.€€òòÔ#†XJáXX XJá%i#ÔÔ‡ XJáXXXJáÔId.óó€€Evidence€is€considered€insufficientÐ H˜ Ðwhen€Ô#†XJáXX XJámi#ÔÔ‡ XJáXXXJáÔno€reasonable€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€offense€in€questionÐ 4„ Ðbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319,€99€S.€Ct.€2781,€2789€(1979);Ð  p ÐTenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e).Ô#†XJáXX XJáôi#ÔÔ‡ XJáXXXJáÔÐ  \ ÐÌà  àà ` àMoreover,€as€a€result€of€the€appellantððs€convictionÔ#†XJáXX XJá;k#ÔÔ‡ XJáXXXJáÔs,€the€State€is€entitled€to€theÐ ä4 Ðstrongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€and€all€reasonable€inferences€which€may€be€drawnÐ Ð  Ðtherefrom.€€òòState€v.€Cottrellóó,€868€S.W.2d€673,€675€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992).€€Ô#†XJáXX XJáák#ÔÔ‡ XJáXXXJáÔò òó óAdditionally,€we€noteÐ ¼  Ðthat€ð ð[t]he€weight€and€credibility€of€the€witnesses'€testimony€are€matters€entrusted€exclusively€to€theÐ ¨ø Ðjury€as€the€triers€of€fact.Ô#†XJáXX XJám#ÔÔ‡ XJáXXXJáÔðð€€òòState€v.€Manningóó,€909€S.W.2d€11,€13€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).Ô#†XJáXX XJá%n#ԀР”ä ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€appellant€was€convicted€of€the€offenses€of€aggravated€sexual€battery,€criminalÐ l¼ Ðresponsibility€for€aggravated€sexual€battery,€rape€of€a€child,€criminal€responsibility€for€rape€of€a€child,Ð X ¨ Ðand€incest.€€ð ðAggravated€sexual€battery€is€unlawful€sexual€contact€with€a€victim€by€the€defendant€orÐ D!” Ðthe€defendant€by€a€victim€.€.€.€[if]€[t]he€victim€is€less€than€thirteen€(13)€years€of€age.ðð€€Tenn.€CodeÐ 0"€  ÐAnn.€ðð€39„13„504(a)(4)€(1997).€€ð ðRape€of€a€child€is€the€unlawful€sexual€penetration€of€a€victim€by€theÐ #l! Ðdefendant€or€the€defendant€by€a€victim,€if€such€victim€is€less€than€thirteen€(13)€years€of€age.ðð€€Tenn.Ð $X" ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€39„13„522(a)€(1997).€€Furthermore,Ð ô$D # Ðà8  àà8` !!à[a]€person€is€criminally€responsible€for€an€offense€committed€by€theÐ à%0!$ Ðconduct€of€another€if:ÐÌ&"%` Ã` à Ðà  àà ` à.€.€.€.€Ð ° Ðà8  àà8` !!à(2)€Acting€with€intent€to€promote€or€assist€the€commission€of€theÐ œì Ðoffense,€or€to€benefit€in€the€proceeds€or€results€of€the€offense,€theÐ ˆØ Ðperson€solicits,€directs,€aids,€or€attempts€to€aid€another€person€toÐ tÄ Ðcommit€the€offense;€orÐ`°` Ã` à ÐÌà8  àà8` !!à(3)€Having€a€duty€imposed€by€law€or€voluntarily€undertaken€to€preventÐ 8 ˆ Ðcommission€of€the€offense€and€acting€with€intent€to€benefit€in€theÐ $ t Ðproceeds€or€results€of€the€offense,€or€to€promote€or€assist€itsÐ  ` Ðcommission,€the€person€fails€to€make€a€reasonable€effort€to€prevent€theÐ ü L  Ðcommission€of€the€offense.Ðè 8 ` Ã` à ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„402(2)„(3)€(1997).€€Additionally,€this€court€has€previously€observed€thatÐ Ô$  ÐtheÐ À  Ðà8  àà8` !!àpresence€of€one€at€the€commission€of€a€felony€by€another€is€evidenceÐ ¬ü  Ðto€be€considered€in€determining€whether€or€not€[s]he€is€[criminallyÐ ˜è  Ðresponsible];€and€it€has€also€been€held€that€presence,€companionship,Ð „Ô  Ðand€conduct€before€and€after€the€offense€are€circumstances€from€whichÐ pÀ Ðoneððs€participation€in€the€criminal€intent€may€be€inferred.€€Ð\¬` Ã` à ÐòòState€v.€McBeeóó,€644€S.W.2d€425,€428„29€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1982);€òòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Maxeyóó,€898Ð H˜ ÐS.W.2d€756,€757€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€€Finally,€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„15„Ð 4„ Ð302(a)(1)€(1997)€provides:Ð  p Ðà8  àà8` !!à(a)€A€person€commits€incest€who€engages€in€sexual€penetration€asÐ  \ Ðdefined€in€ðð€39„13„501,€with€a€person,€knowing€such€person€to€be,Ð øH Ðwithout€regard€to€legitimacy:Ðä4` Ã` à ÐÌà8  àà8` !!à(1)€The€personððs€natural€parent,€child,€grandparent,€grandchild,€uncle,Ð ¼  Ðaunt,€nephew,€niece,€stepparent,€stepchild,€adoptive€parent,€[or]Ð ¨ø Ðadoptive€child.Дä` Ã` à ÐÌà  àà ` àAgain,€the€appellant€was€convicted€of€criminal€responsibility€for€the€aggravated€sexualÐ l¼ Ðbattery€of€PMT;€two€counts€of€rape€of€a€child,€namely€RGT€and€BJT;€aggravated€sexual€battery€ofÐ X ¨ ÐRGT;€incest€involving€BJT;€and€three€counts€of€criminal€responsibility€for€rape€of€a€child,€two€ofÐ D!” Ðwhich€relate€to€BJT€and€one€of€which€relates€to€RGT.€€We€conclude€that€when€the€evidence€in€thisÐ 0"€  Ðcase€is€viewed€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€state,€as€is€required,€the€evidence€is€sufficient€toÐ #l! Ðsupport€the€convictions.€€The€children€testified€graphically€as€to€each€offense€perpetrated€upon€them.€Ð $X" ÐAdditionally,€the€evidence€showed€that€the€appellant€was€in€the€mobile€home,€sometimes€in€the€sameÐ ô$D # Ðbed,€when€Harris€raped€the€children.€€RGT€and€BJT€testified€that€they€screamed€and€ð ðholleredðð€whileÐ à%0!$ Ðthey€were€being€raped€by€Harris.€€The€appellant€made€no€attempt€to€rescue€the€children€or€to€stopÐ Ì&"% ÐHarrisðð€abuse.€€Moreover,€Norwood€testified€that€appellant€told€her€that€she€had€ð ðmessed€with€herÐ ¸'#& Ðkids.ðð€€RGT€testified€that€appellant€instructed€him€to€place€his€ð ðfront€partðð€in€her€ð ðfront€partðð€and€alsoÐ ¤(ô#' Ðtold€her€to€ð ðsuckðð€her€breasts.€€Furthermore,€BJT€testified€that€the€appellant€came€into€his€room,€wokeÐ )à$( Ðhim,€and€instructed€him€to€penetrate€her€vagina€with€his€penis.€This€issue€is€without€merit.Ð |*Ì%) Ðà  àÐ h+¸&* ÐÓ  ÓG.€€SentencingÐ ° ÐÓ ‚Óà  àà ` àÔ‡XJáXXXJáÔFinally,€the€appellant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€sentencing€her€to€sixty„twoÐ œì Ðyears€incarceration,€specifically€complaining€about€the€length€of€the€individual€sentences€and€theÐ ˆØ Ðimposition€of€consecutive€sentencing.€€Initially,€we€note€that,€because€of€the€trial€courtððsÐ tÄ Ðmisapplication€of€various€factors,€we€will€review€the€Ô#†XJáXXXJáb‚#ÔÔ‡ XJáXXXJáÔtrial€courtððs€determinations€de€novo€without€aÐ `° Ðpresumption€of€correctness.€€òòóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d)€(1997)Ô#†XJáXX XJá1„#ÔÔ‡ XJáXXXJáÔòòóó;€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2dÐ L œ Ð166,€Ô#†XJáXX XJá…#ÔÔ‡ XJáXXXJáÔ169€(Tenn.€1991).Ô#†XJáXX XJህ#ÔÔ‡ XJáXXXJáÔ€€In€any€event,€the€burden€is€on€the€appellant€to€demonstrate€the€improprietyÐ 8 ˆ Ðof€her€sentence.€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401,€Sentencing€Commission€Comments.€Ô#†XJáXX XJáÛ…#ÔÔ‡ XJáXXXJáÔÐ $ t ÐÌà  àà ` àWe€must€consider€the€following€factors€in€the€course€of€our€de€novo€review:€(1)€theÐ ü L  Ðevidence,€if€any,€received€at€the€trial€and€the€sentencing€hearing;€(2)€the€presentence€report;€(3)€theÐ è 8  Ðprinciples€of€sentencing€and€arguments€as€to€sentencing€alternatives;€(4)€the€nature€and€characteristicsÐ Ô$  Ðof€the€criminal€conduct€involved;€(5)€evidence€and€information€offered€by€the€parties€on€enhancementÐ À  Ðand€mitigating€factors;€(6)€any€statement€by€the€appellant€in€her€own€behalf;€and€(7)€the€appellantððsÐ ¬ü  Ðpotential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€40„35„102€and€„103€(1997),€„210Ô#†XJáXX XJáІ#ÔÔ‡ XJáXXXJáÔ€(Supp.Ð ˜è  Ð2001);€òòsee€alsoóó€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€168.Ô#†XJáXX XJáú‰#ԀР„Ô  ÐÌà  àà ` àIn€the€sentencing€analysis,€the€presumptive€sentence€for€a€Class€A€felony€is€theÐ \¬ Ðmidpoint€in€the€applicable€range;€however,€for€a€Class€B,€C,€D€or€E€felony,€the€trial€court€mustÐ H˜ Ðpresume€that€the€appellant€is€entitled€to€the€minimum€sentence€within€the€appropriate€range.€€Tenn.Ð 4„ ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(c).€€The€appellant€was€sentenced€as€a€standard€Range€I€offender.€Ð  p ÐAccordingly,€the€presumptive€sentence€for€the€Class€A€felonies€of€rape€of€a€child€and€criminalÐ  \ Ðresponsibility€for€rape€of€a€child€was€twenty€years;€the€presumptive€sentence€for€the€Class€B€feloniesÐ øH Ðof€aggravated€sexual€battery€and€criminal€responsibility€for€aggravated€sexual€battery€was€eight€years;Ð ä4 Ðand€the€presumptive€sentence€for€the€Class€C€felony€of€incest€was€three€years.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÐ Ð  Ð40„35„112(a)(1)„(3)€(1997).€The€trial€court€should€then€ð ðenhance€the€sentence€within€the€range€asÐ ¼  Ðappropriate€for€the€enhancement€factors,€and€then€reduce€the€sentence€as€appropriate€for€theÐ ¨ø Ðmitigating€factors.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(e).€òòóó€€€€Ð ”ä ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€trial€court€found€the€following€enhancement€factors€applicable,€but€did€not€clarifyÐ l¼ Ðto€which€offenses€the€factors€applied:Ð X ¨ Ðà8  àà8` !!à(2)€The€defendant€was€a€leader€in€the€commission€of€an€offenseÐ D!” Ðinvolving€two€(2)€or€more€criminal€actors;€Ð0"€ ` Ã` à Ðà8  àà8` !!à(4)€A€victim€of€the€offense€was€particularly€vulnerable€because€of€ageÐ #l! Ðor€physical€or€mental€disability;€Ð$X"` Ã` à Ðà8  àà8` !!à(5)€The€defendant€treated€or€allowed€a€victim€to€be€treated€withÐ ô$D # Ðexceptional€cruelty€during€the€commission€of€the€offense;Ðà%0!$` Ã` à Ðà8  àà8` !!à(7)€The€offense€involved€a€victim€and€was€committed€to€gratify€theÐ Ì&"% Ðdefendantððs€desire€for€pleasure€or€excitement;€and€Ð¸'#&` Ã` à Ðà8  àà8` !!à(15)€The€defendant€abused€a€position€of€public€or€private€trust,€or€usedÐ ¤(ô#' Ða€special€skill€in€a€manner€that€significantly€facilitated€the€commissionÐ )à$( Ðâ âor€the€fulfillment€of€the€offense.Ð|*Ì%)` Ã` à ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(2),€(4),€(5),€(7),€and€(15)€(1997).׃;×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú13Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Furthermore,€the€trial€court€appliedÐ ° Ðâ âthese€mitigating€factors:€€Ð œì Ðà8  àà8` !!à(1)€The€defendantððs€criminal€conduct€neither€caused€nor€threatenedÐ ˆØ Ðserious€bodily€injury;ÐtÄ` Ã` à Ðà8  àà8` !!à(9)€The€defendant€assisted€the€authorities€in€uncovering€offensesÐ `° Ðcommitted€by€other€persons€or€in€detecting€or€apprehending€otherÐ L œ Ðpersons€who€had€committed€the€offenses;€and€Ð8 ˆ` Ã` à Ðà8  àà8` !!à(13)€The€defendant€had€no€significant€prior€criminal€history.à8@,` Ã` Ãà€€Ð $ t ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(1),€(9),€and€(13)€(1997).Ð  ` ÐÌà  àà ` àOn€appeal,€the€appellant€argues€that€the€trial€court€improperly€considered€enhancementÐ è 8  Ðfactor€(5)€in€sentencing€the€appellant.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(5).€€She€contends€that€the€proofÐ Ô$  Ðreflected€no€evidence€of€cruelty€over€and€above€that€inherently€attendant€to€the€crime.€€We€disagree.€Ð À  ÐòòóóIn€the€instant€case,€the€appellant€remained€in€the€home,€often€in€the€same€bed,€while€her€children€wereÐ ¬ü  Ðrepeatedly€sexually€assaulted.€€Additionally,€she€told€Norwood€that€she€would€leave€the€trailer€uponÐ ˜è  Ðhearing€her€children€scream€and€cry€while€being€raped.€€Inòòóó€òòState€v.€Arnettóó,€49€S.W.3d€250,€258€(Tenn.Ð „Ô  Ð2001),€our€supreme€court€determined€that€the€exceptional€cruelty€factor€is€applicable€in€cases€ofÐ pÀ Ðð ðextensive€physical€abuse€or€tortureðð€or€in€cases€where€there€is€ð ðproof€of€psychological€abuse€orÐ \¬ Ðtorture.ðð€€The€victim€impact€statement€submitted€by€PMT€stated€that€the€offenses€ð ðdestroyed€myÐ H˜ Ðfamily€.€.€.€[and]€it€caused€me€to€lose€respect€for€myself€and€others.€€It€is€also€hard€for€me€to€trustÐ 4„ Ðanybody.ðð€€At€the€sentencing€hearing,€Tressa€Helton,€with€whom€PMT€resides,€related€that€PMTÐ  p Ðð ðdonððt€respect€herself.€€And€sheððs€angry,€too.ðð€€Moreover,€Dawn€Robertson,€the€foster€mother€of€BJTÐ  \ Ðand€RGT,€testified€that€Ð øH Ðà8  àà8` !!à[t]hey€have€nightmares.€.€.€.€€They€have€a€lot€of€anger€and€madness,€andÐ ä4 Ðthey€exert€that€in€violence.€.€.€.€€They€are€in€counseling,€now.€€TheyÐ Ð  Ðhave€to€receive€a€lot€of€that.€€They€were€on€medication€for€theirÐ ¼  Ðpsychological€problems,€which€are€ð!ð€which€is€anger€and€violence.€Ð ¨ø ÐThey€sexually€matured€before€their€age.€€Ð”ä` Ã` à ÐFurthermore,€in€a€victim€impact€statement€she€submitted€on€behalf€of€the€boys,€Robertson€maintainedÐ €Ð Ðthat€ð ð[t]hey€are€both€.€.€.€emba[r]rassed€of€their€names€and€want€to€change€them€so€no€one€will€knowÐ l¼ Ðwho€they€are.ðð€€We€conclude€that€this€evidence€is€sufficient€to€support€the€application€of€enhancementÐ X ¨ Ðfactor€(5).Ð D!” ÐÌà  àà ` àAdditionally,€the€appellant€alleges€that€ð ðthere€is€no€proof€in€the€record€to€support€theÐ #l! Ðcourtððs€finding€that€enhancing€factor€[(2)]€appliedð!ðthat€the€defendant€was€the€leader€as€between€herÐ $X" Ðand€Harris.ðð€€We€disagree.€€ð ðOur€cases€have€established€that€enhancement€for€being€a€leader€in€theÐ ô$D # Ðâ âcommission€of€an€offense€does€not€require€that€the€[appellant]€be€the€sole€leader€but€only€that€[s]heÐ à%0!$ Ðbe€ððaðð€leader.ðð€€òòState€v.€Hicksóó,€868€S.W.2d€729,€731€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€€Accordingly,€we€findÐ ° Ðthe€proof€supports€the€application€of€this€enhancement€factor.Ð œì Ðâ âÌà  àà ` àThe€appellant€also€contends€that€the€mitigating€factors€contained€in€Tennessee€CodeÐ tÄ ÐAnnotated€sections€40„35„113(2),€(3),€(8),€(11),€and€(12)€are€applicable€due€to€the€appellantððs€mentalÐ `° Ðretardation.€€We€agree€with€the€appellant€that€the€trial€court€should€have€considered€Tennessee€CodeÐ L œ ÐAnnotated€section€40„35„113(8)€because€the€appellant€ð ðwas€suffering€from€a€mental€.€.€.€condition€thatÐ 8 ˆ Ðsignificantly€reduced€[her]€culpability€for€the€offense[s].ðð€€We€do€not€find€the€presence€of€theÐ $ t Ðremaining€mitigating€factors.Ð  ` ÐÌà  àà ` àFurthermore,€in€disputing€the€trial€courtððs€imposition€of€consecutive€sentencing,€theÐ è 8  Ðappellant€argues,€and€the€State€concedes,€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€finding€that€the€appellant€ð ðis€aÐ Ô$  Ðdangerous€mentally€abnormal€person€so€declared€by€a€competent€psychiatrist€who€concludes€as€aÐ À  Ðresult€of€an€investigation€prior€to€sentencing€that€the€[appellantððs]€criminal€conduct€has€beenÐ ¬ü  Ðcharacterized€by€a€pattern€of€repetitive€or€compulsive€behavior€with€heedless€indifference€to€Ð ˜è  Ðconsequences.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(3)€(1997).€€We€agree.€€Nothing€in€the€recordÐ „Ô  Ðindicates€that€any€of€the€mental€health€experts€deemed€the€appellant€to€be€a€ð ðdangerous€mentallyÐ pÀ Ðabnormal€person.ðð€€The€trial€court€erred€in€ordering€consecutive€sentencing€on€this€basis.€€Ð \¬ ÐÌà  àà ` àHowever,€the€appellant€concedes€that€consecutive€sentencing€is€appropriate€underÐ 4„ ÐTennessee€Code€Annotated€section€40„35„115(b)(5)€because€she€was€convicted€of€two€or€moreÐ  p Ðstatutory€offenses€involving€sexual€abuse€of€a€minor.€€Nevertheless,€the€appellant€offers€thatÐ  \ Ðà8  àà8` !!à[her]€actions€did€not€go€on€for€years.€€The€time€span€was€relativelyÐ øH Ðshort,€and€while€the€victim€impact€statements€did€allude€to€residualÐ ä4 Ðmental€damage,€that€should€be€viewed€in€a€relative€manner.€€Also,€theÐ Ð  Ðface€of€the€[appellantððs]€sentence€could€change€dramatically€basedÐ ¼  Ðupon€the€issues€presented€in€this€appeal.€€That€notwithstanding,€theÐ ¨ø ÐHarris€factor€should€not€be€overlooked€as€the€apparent€motivator€andÐ ”ä Ðcertainly€the€predator€in€this€case.€€€€Ð€Ð` Ã` à ÐWhile€the€appellant€makes€a€persuasive€argument,€we€conclude€that€the€trial€court€did€not€err€inÐ l¼ Ðimposing€consecutive€sentences€due€to€the€multiple€convictions€involving€the€sexual€abuse€of€minors.Ð X ¨ ÐÌà  àà ` àà@rr"àòòò òIII.€€Conclusionóóó óˆÐ 0"€  Ðà  àà ` àBased€upon€the€foregoing,€we€reverse€the€appellantððs€convictions€due€to€the€appellantððsÐ #l! Ðlack€of€competency€to€stand€trial€and€remand€to€the€trial€court€for€further€proceedings€pursuant€toÐ $X" ÐTennessee€Code€Annotated€sections€33„7„301,€òòet€seqóó.,€and€33„5„402,€òòet€seqóó.€€Ð ô$D # ÐÌÌà  à€€€€€€€Ð ¸'#& ÐÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð h+¸&* Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àNORMA€McGEE€OGLE,€JUDGE