ÿWPCò= :êò=Ù=…£Tvº%Œf'¥C GçŽó ‡æÔÞsÙŠ©çªÛã©SáÓØÖΟ¦Î‡€¦Zž„øE”ë7'ç°~I®—¶ ÿUK”MïÞŒÅdNÓæä÷Kz(øtlnQó|ÉÎÖÚÐØhÖÚÈÏ«`õ†âˆÃè°ÖWÙX´ä®ôðÃ+”¬tK§s\^Q«Á …‘8 ƒ– ¤k¥[.7R]Lÿò1 þŸ T§ù ¸Æß+÷±”Ò&ªÌ“–އ>¢ÿ%ßFÿiÐÊ4ñ–AúhWë j:øŒêbK D¾Ôós±3Ë/ɲVQÃQ?* 88 ÎKTÛà{ß!Á¦Ìm”>^4pÖ"Q)‰nw9êW ]™ÄêÁ7‡ã¦Ú”6’ë×)”WI|Ê»yá@óÑ ™z”•i¢þfDRr&ב™Bä÷Å™ãËllúPjœác}§øi=];XhVX ÿ”ºI®· W™µ¥79ðiŽä 1c¯{-Ìãèb>‘ ÿçDæ²]0òcÍ€ æ¨Í/Ô©KŽC$×±7, ©“B§5_Ùã¶Éܵç/Ü—|VõÏÔÅþÆ!Ähåó gâÉ%£¨ä5¹ŠGa`û…U.F %t bz -~ « ~À > n­N û 0( U:+ w¸e 4 ö1 0™' 0 DÀU:Z>´˜LU:hZ¢‡ü 0DƒèÇh¯X´oÌ#!U:ï#h)$U:‘&Ë& Bç' D3( 7(U:B)U:|) ¶)U:Á*²û*Z­+U:/A/U:Z4²”4U:F5€5@™:U:Ù;U:<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< AOM<Æœ<œ< 0Db= D/¦= BÕ=<þ6X9`(CourierX ù #Ñ#€Xd#Ñ Ñ  Ñ tÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÑ\R AØ'Legal\Ñ3|xj«<þ6X9`(CourierXôxþ6X@ɹ`7ûX@($¡¡, øð AZ"Arial RegularDEEFGEHIDJVKeLMVNDOPDQVRSDTUDVWDXVYDZD[V\D]U^D_U`DaÓ€uM% ìÝ ƒ*ä$ÝÒ°ÒÔ€X‚XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝAccording€to€the€transcript,€the€trial€court€imposed€a€minimum€fine€ofÐ `  Ð$1,100€and€revoked€the€defendant's€driver's€license€for€ten€years€for€the€third„Ïoffense€DUI€conviction.€€The€judgment€form€reflects€a€fine€of€only€$1,000.€€In€lightÏof€our€dismissal€of€the€DUI€conviction€on€double€jeopardy€grounds,€it€is€mootÏwhether€the€$1,000€or€$1,100€fine€is€correct.(I(2BD$¤¤Ý ƒ !ÝÝ  ÝÒ°ÒÔ€XéïXXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular PÝ ƒ$ÝÒ°ÒÔ€X6XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€trial€judge€expressed€his€dissatisfaction€with€the€legal€authorityÐ `  Ðapplicable€to€the€defendant,€including€his€dissatisfaction€with€the€sentencingÏstructure€and€the€applicability€of€parole€provisions.€€The€judge€did€say,€however,Ïthat€he€could€not€consider€these€things€in€making€his€sentencing€determination.€ÏNotwithstanding,€he€went€on€to€characterize€the€defendant€as€being€like€theÏinventor€of€V„1€and€V„2€rockets,€who€indirectly€caused€the€deaths€of€thousandsÏduring€World€War€II.€€Having€carefully€reviewed€the€entire€transcript€of€theÏsentencing€hearing,€we€view€the€character€and€duration€of€the€trial€judge'sÏcomments€as€a€departure€from€the€relevant€considerations€of€the€SentencingÏReform€Act€of€1989. ªÝ ƒ*ä$ÝÒ°ÒÔ€XtûXXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝDuring€her€testimony,€Lisa€Kelly€denied€taking€this€money. Ý ƒ*ä$ÝÒ°ÒÔ€X‚XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ‡ X‚XXX‚ÔTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„213€(1991)€(amended€1995);€ðð€39„13„106Ð `  Ð(1997).Ô#†X‚XX X‚p#Ô,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular PÝ ƒ*ä$ÝÒ°ÒÔ€X‚XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€trial€judge€expressed€his€dissatisfaction€with€the€legal€authorityÐ `  Ðapplicable€to€the€defendant,€including€his€dissatisfaction€with€the€sentencingÏstructure€and€the€applicability€of€parole€provisions.€€The€judge€did€say,€however,Ïthat€he€could€not€consider€these€things€in€making€his€sentencing€determination.€ÏNotwithstanding,€he€went€on€to€characterize€the€defendant€as€being€like€theÏinventor€of€V„1€and€V„2€rockets,€who€indirectly€caused€the€deaths€of€thousandsÏduring€World€War€II.€€Having€carefully€reviewed€the€entire€transcript€of€theÏsentencing€hearing,€we€view€the€character€and€duration€of€the€trial€judge'sÏcomments€as€a€departure€from€the€relevant€considerations€of€the€SentencingÏReform€Act€of€1989. }Ý ƒ*ä$ÝÒ°ÒÔ€X‚XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝIn€its€brief,€the€state€argued€that€a€basis€for€an€intentional,€and€hence€aÐ `  Ðknowing,€killing€exists€in€that€the€defendant€was€attempting€suicide€andÏintentionally€caused€the€collision.€€However,€during€oral€argument,€the€stateÏabandoned€this€theory.(3¯$££Ý ƒ !ÝÝ  Ý ÞÔ€3XéïXXXÔÔ€3;X3XéïÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€3XéïX3;ÔÐ  ÐÌOctober€13,€1998ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAMÔó ó ^Ý ƒ*ä$ÝÒ°ÒÔ€X‚XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝAlthough€there€is€evidence€the€defendant€drove€while€under€the€influenceÐ `  Ðprior€to€encountering€the€victims,€this€court€has€said€that€DUI€is€a€"continuingÏoffense."€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Rhodesóó,€917€S.W.2d€708,€713€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995);Ð , Ì ÐòòState€v.€Adkinsóó,€619€S.W.2d€147,€148„49€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1981).€€Accordingly,Ð  ² Ðin€the€usual€circumstance,€a€continuing€episode€of€drunken€driving€will€supportÏonly€one€DUI€conviction.€€ NÝ ƒ*ä$ÝÒ°ÒÔ€XºXXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú11Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝAs€noted€in€section€I€above,€the€potential€punishment€for€the€defendant'sÐ `  Ðcrime,€if€committed€today,€would€be€much€greater€than€that€authorized€by€theÐ F æ ! Ðlegislature€in€April€1995. ªÝ ƒ$ÝÒ°ÒÔ€X6XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€defendant€was€convicted€both€of€vehicular€homicide€by€intoxicationÐ `  Ðand€vehicular€homicide€by€recklessness.€€He€can€receive€only€one€conviction€forÏthis€crime.€€We€believe€òòDentonóó€clearly€prohibits€a€conviction€for€both€DUI€andÐ @ à Ðvehicular€homicide€by€intoxication€in€the€case€at€bar.€€Alternatively,€had€weÏpermitted€the€defendant's€vehicular€homicide€by€recklessness€conviction€toÏstand,€the€DUI€conviction€would€nevertheless€violate€double€jeopardy€principlesÏin€light€of€the€vehicular€assault€by€intoxication€conviction. ÂÝ ƒ*ä$ÝÒ°ÒÔ€X‚XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€defendant€was€convicted€both€of€vehicular€homicide€by€intoxicationÐ `  Ðand€vehicular€homicide€by€recklessness.€€He€can€receive€only€one€conviction€forÏthis€crime.€€We€believe€òòDentonóó€clearly€prohibits€a€conviction€for€both€DUI€andÐ , Ì Ðvehicular€homicide€by€intoxication€in€the€case€at€bar.€€Alternatively,€had€weÐ  ² „ Ðpermitted€the€defendant's€vehicular€homicide€by€recklessness€conviction€toÏstand,€the€DUI€conviction€would€nevertheless€violate€double€jeopardy€principlesÏin€light€of€the€vehicular€assault€by€intoxication€conviction.,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular ^Ý ƒ$ÝÒ°ÒÔ€ X6XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝAlthough€there€is€evidence€the€defendant€drove€while€under€the€influenceÐ `  Ðprior€to€encountering€the€victims,€this€court€has€said€that€DUI€is€a€"continuingÏoffense."€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Rhodesóó,€917€S.W.2d€708,€713€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995);Ð @ à ÐòòState€v.€Adkinsóó,€619€S.W.2d€147,€148„49€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1981).€€Accordingly,Ð 0 Ð Ðin€the€usual€circumstance,€a€continuing€episode€of€drunken€driving€will€supportÏonly€one€DUI€conviction.€€,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular Ý ƒ$ÝÒ°ÒÔ€%X6XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ‡&X6XXX6ÔTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„213€(1991)€(amended€1995);€ðð€39„13„106Ð `  Ð(1997).Ô#†%X6XX X6p#Ô d""""'ÿÿdxd Ý ƒ*ä$ÝÒ°ÒÔ€X‚XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝBoth€vehicular€homicide€by€recklessness€and€vehicular€homicide€byÐ `  Ðintoxication€require€reckless€operation€of€a€motor€vehicle.,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular, øð AZ"Arial Regular Ý ƒ$ÝÒ°ÒÔ€(X6XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝBoth€vehicular€homicide€by€recklessness€and€vehicular€homicide€byÐ `  Ðintoxication€require€reckless€operation€of€a€motor€vehicle.,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular ¨Ý ƒ*ä$ÝÒ°ÒÔ€XºXXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú10Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€defendant€worked€as€a€railroad€locomotive€engineer. PÝ ƒ$ÝÒ°ÒÔ€+X6XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€trial€judge€expressed€his€dissatisfaction€with€the€legal€authorityÐ `  Ðapplicable€to€the€defendant,€including€his€dissatisfaction€with€the€sentencingÏstructure€and€the€applicability€of€parole€provisions.€€The€judge€did€say,€however,Ïthat€he€could€not€consider€these€things€in€making€his€sentencing€determination.€ÏNotwithstanding,€he€went€on€to€characterize€the€defendant€as€being€like€theÏinventor€of€V„1€and€V„2€rockets,€who€indirectly€caused€the€deaths€of€thousandsÏduring€World€War€II.€€Having€carefully€reviewed€the€entire€transcript€of€theÏsentencing€hearing,€we€view€the€character€and€duration€of€the€trial€judge'sÏcomments€as€a€departure€from€the€relevant€considerations€of€the€SentencingÏReform€Act€of€1989.,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular Ý ƒ$ÝÒ°ÒÔ€-X6XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú9Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€defendant€was€on€probation€(from€a€1995€Sequatchie€County€DUIÐ `  Ðconviction)€at€the€time€he€committed€the€present€offenses.€€However,€thatÏcircumstance€in€and€of€itself€is€not€a€basis€for€applying€factor€(8).€€òòSeeóóòòState€v.Ð @ à ÐHayesóó,€899€S.W.2d€175,€186€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995)€(ð ðcommission€of€theÐ 0 Ð Ðoffense€for€which€a€defendant€is€being€sentenced€should€not€make€factor€(8)Ïapplicableðð).€€We€find€that€the€defendantððs€1983€Davidson€County€offenses€ofÏmalicious€mischief€and€marijuana€possession€committed€while€on€a€1983€pre„trialÏdiversion€from€Rutherford€County€invokes€the€use€of€factor€(8),€but€it€is€entitled€toÏlittle€weight€based€on€remoteness€in€time.€€Of€equal€or€greater€significance€areÏthe€defendantððs€various€incidents€of€driving€on€a€revoked€license€earlier€in€theÏday€on€April€7,€1995,€prior€to€the€trip€which€resulted€in€the€fatal€collision€nowÏbefore€us.€€These€earlier€driving€offenses€were€committed€while€the€defendantÏwas€on€probation.€€òòSeeóóòòState€v.€Randal€A.€Thiesóó,€No.€02C01„9708„CC„00299,Ð  @  Ðslip€op.€at€8€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Jackson,€Apr.€24,€1998).,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular ¨Ý ƒ$ÝÒ°ÒÔ€/X6XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú10Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€defendant€worked€as€a€railroad€locomotive€engineer.,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular Ý ƒ*ä$ÝÒ°ÒÔ€X‚XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú9Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€defendant€was€on€probation€(from€a€1995€Sequatchie€County€DUIÐ `  Ðconviction)€at€the€time€he€committed€the€present€offenses.€€However,€thatÏcircumstance€in€and€of€itself€is€not€a€basis€for€applying€factor€(8).€€òòSeeóóòòState€v.Ð , Ì ÐHayesóó,€899€S.W.2d€175,€186€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995)€(ð ðcommission€of€theÐ  ² Ðoffense€for€which€a€defendant€is€being€sentenced€should€not€make€factor€(8)Ïapplicableðð).€€We€find€that€the€defendantððs€1983€Davidson€County€offenses€ofÏmalicious€mischief€and€marijuana€possession€committed€while€on€a€1983€pre„trialÏdiversion€from€Rutherford€County€invokes€the€use€of€factor€(8),€but€it€is€entitled€toÏlittle€weight€based€on€remoteness€in€time.€€Of€equal€or€greater€significance€areÏthe€defendantððs€various€incidents€of€driving€on€a€revoked€license€earlier€in€theÏday€on€April€7,€1995,€prior€to€the€trip€which€resulted€in€the€fatal€collision€nowÏbefore€us.€€These€earlier€driving€offenses€were€committed€while€the€defendantÏwas€on€probation.€€òòSeeóóòòState€v.€Randal€A.€Thiesóó,€No.€02C01„9708„CC„00299,Ð (È  Ðslip€op.€at€8€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Jackson,€Apr.€24,€1998). 6Ý ƒ$ÝÒ°ÒÔ€2X6XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú11Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝAs€noted€in€section€I€above,€the€potential€punishment€for€the€defendant'sÐ `  Ðcrime,€if€committed€today,€would€be€much€greater€than€that€authorized€by€theÏlegislature€in€April€1995.,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular€‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ !ÝÝ  ÝÑ` °ÑÒ°ÒÓ  ÓÔ€ X’UXXXÔñañ›ñañÑ7€ ’U XdðdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑñañßr€#<,(j 8` `€€@EÈf ` 8ttxP` ð  rß›ñañÌÑ€Ñò òÑ€ÑÑ€ÑÑ€Ñà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ P ð ÐÌ€à@@@'àAT€NASHVILLEˆÐ 0 Ð ÐÌà@#àFEBRUARY€1998€SESSIONó óˆÐ ° ÐÌÌÌò òSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à h à€à À àà  àó ó)Ð Ðp  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àÐ À`  Ðà ` àà ¸ àAppellee,à h àà À àà  à)à p àC.C.A.€No.€01C01„9610„CC„00448Ð °P  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ìvs.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àWarren€Countyà x àÐ 0  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ìò òGEORGE€BLAKE€KELLY,à À àó óà  à)à p àHon.€Charles€Haston,€Judge€ò òÐ p Ðó óà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ð ` Ðà ` àà ¸ àAppellant.à h àà À àà  à)à p à(Second€Degree€Murder,€VehicularÐ Pð Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àAssault,€Reckless€Driving,€DUI€„€3d,Ð @à Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à0 p àDriving€on€Revoked€License)Ð0Ðp(#p(# ÐÌÌFOR€THE€APPELLANT:à h àà À àà  àà p àFOR€THE€APPELLEE:Ð   ÐÌò òDAVID€L.€RAYBINà  àó ó(on€appeal)à À àò òà  àà p àJOHN€KNOX€WALKUPÐ à€ Ðó óAttorney€at€Lawà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÐ Ð p Ð2210€SunTrust€Centerà h àà À àà  àà p àÐ À!` Ð424€Church€St.à  àà h àà À àà  àà p àò òKAREN€YACUZZOó óÐ °"P ÐNashville,€TN€€37219à h àà À àà  àà p àAsst.€Attorney€GeneralÐ  #@ Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p à425€Fifth€Ave.€NorthÌò òBERNARD€K.€SMITHó ó€(at€trial)à À àà  àà p à2d€Floor,€Cordell€Hull€Bldg.Ð €%  ÐAttorney€at€Lawà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493Ð p& ÐP.O.€Box€490ÌMcMinnville,€TN€€37110à h àà À àà  àà p àò òWILLIAM€M.€LOCKEÐ P(ð! Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àó óDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÐ @)à" Ðò òJOHN€MELTONó ó€(at€trial)à h àà À àà  àà p àÐ 0*Ð # ÐAttorney€at€Lawà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àò òLARRY€ROSSó óÐ  +À!$ ÐP.O.€Box€446à  àà h àà À àà  àà p àò òROBERT€W.€BOYD,€JR.Ð ,°"% Ðó óWoodbury,€TN€€37190„0160à À àà  àà p àAsst.€District€Attorneys€GeneralÐ - #& Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àProfessional€BuildingÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àMcMinnville,€TN€€37110ò òÐ à.€%( ÐÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:ó ó__________________Ð 30*- ÐÌò òAFFIRMED€IN€PART,€REVERSED€IN€PART,€MODIFIED€IN€PARTÐ p5,/ ÐÌCURWOOD€WITT,€JUDGEÌó óÌÐ  09Ð/3 ÐÑÑÑ7€bNXXdð Xdð7ÑÑ  ÑÑÑÑ  ÑÑTR[  AØ'Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÑ  ÑÑ7€ ’U XXdðXXdð7ÑÑ  Ñà@qq*àò òòòOPINIONó óóóˆÐ `  ÐÌÓÓà ` àà ¸ àThe€defendant,€George€Blake€Kelly,€appeals€from€his€convictions€ofÏsecond„degree€murder,€vehicular€assault,€reckless€driving,€third„offense€drivingÏunder€the€influence,€and€driving€on€a€revoked€license.€€Following€a€trial€by€jury,€KellyÏwas€found€guilty€of€second„degree€murder,€vehicular€homicide€by€intoxication,Ïvehicular€homicide€by€recklessness,€vehicular€assault€by€intoxication,€recklessÏdriving€and€third„offense€DUI.€€He€pleaded€guilty€to€driving€on€a€revoked€licenseÏbefore€the€issue€was€submitted€to€the€jury.€€The€court€imposed€judgments€ofÏconviction€for€second„degree€murder,€vehicular€assault,€reckless€driving,€third„Ïoffense€DUI€and€driving€on€a€revoked€license.€€Kelly€is€presently€serving€a€sentenceÏof€30€years,€11€months€and€29€days,€which€consists€of€the€maximum€sentences€forÏeach€of€his€offenses€stacked€consecutively€to€each€other.€€In€this€direct€appeal,€heÏraises€ten€issues€for€our€consideration:ÌÓÓà0 ` à1.à8¸ ` (#` (#àWhether€the€evidence€on€his€second„degree€murder€convictionÐ À!` Ðsufficiently€supports€that€he€"knowingly"€killed€Ginny€Prince.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà ` à2.à8 ¸ àWhether€the€Criminal€Code€proscribes€death€caused€by€drunkÐ $0 Ðdriving€as€second„degree€murder.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà ` à3.à8 ¸ àWhether€the€trial€court€erroneously€instructed€the€jury€on€theÐ `'  Ðdefinition€of€"knowingly"€as€to€the€second„degree€murderÏcharge.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà ` à4.à8 ¸ àWhether€the€trial€court€erroneously€instructed€the€jury€on€theÐ  +À!$ Ðdefinition€of€"intentionally"€as€to€the€œsecond„degree›€murderÏcharge.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà ` à5.à8 ¸ àWhether€the€trial€court€deprived€him€of€due€process€of€law€andÐ à.€%( Ðthe€right€to€a€jury€trial€by€instructing€the€jury€it€could€convict€himÏof€both€second„degree€murder€and€vehicular€homicide€as€toÏthe€same€victim.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà ` à6.à8 ¸ àWhether€the€DUI€conviction€merged€with€the€vehicular€assaultÐ 30*- Ðby€intoxication€and€vehicular€homicide€by€intoxicationÏconvictions,€double€œjeopardy€principles›€thereby€preventing€hisÏconviction€of€DUI.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà ` à7.à8 ¸ àWhether€the€reckless€driving€conviction€merged€with€theÐ @8à.2 Ðvehicular€assault€by€intoxication,€vehicular€homicide€byÏreckless€driving,€and€vehicular€homicide€by€intoxicationÐ  :À04 Ðconvictions,€double€jeopardy€œprinciples€thereby›€preventing€hisÏconviction€of€reckless€driving.Ðê9Š06¸ Ð ¸ Ð  Їà ` à8.à8 ¸ àWhether€the€œcourt€in€sentencing€the€defendant›€relied€onÐ `  Ðimproper€enhancement€factors€and€failed€to€considerÏappropriate€mitigating€factors.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà ` à9.à8 ¸ àWhether€the€court€properly€imposed€consecutive€sentences.Ðø ˜¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà ` à10.à8 ¸ àWhether€the€total€sentence€imposed€is€grossly€excessive€andÐ Äd Ðresulted€from€improper€considerations€of€parole,€the€adequacyÏof€punishment€for€vehicular€homicide,€and€emotional€factors.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌÓÓHaving€reviewed€the€record€and€briefs€and€heard€the€oral€arguments€of€the€parties,Ïwe€reverse€the€conviction€of€second„degree€murder€œand€impose€a›€conviction€œof€theÏlesser€grade€offense€of€vehicular›€homicide€by€intoxication,€œreverse›€the€œconvictions›Ïœof€driving€under€the€influence€and€reckless€driving€and€dismiss€those€charges,›€andÏaffirm€all€other€convictions.€œWe€modify€defendantððs€effective€sentences€to€ten€yearsÏand€six€months.€€Because›€our€reversal€of€the€second„degree€murder€conviction€isÏbased€upon€insufficiency€of€evidence,€resulting€in€a€dismissal€of€the€second„degreeÏmurder€charge,€issues€2„5€as€listed€above€are€pre„empted,€œrendered›€moot,€andÏneed€not€be€resolved.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àThis€case€arises€from€a€tragic€car€wreck€involving€the€defendant€and€œÏthe€occupants€of€another€vehicle,€Ginny€Prince€and€David€Bryan€Miller.€€Miss›€Prince,Ïan€œeighteen„year„old›€high€school€senior,€was€killed€in€the€wreck.€€Mr.€Miller,€aÏœtwenty„year„old›€real€estate€salesman,€received€very€serious€and€permanent€injuries.€ÏMiss€Prince€and€Mr.€Miller€were€returning€to€McMinnville€from€a€date€inÏMurfreesboro€when€their€vehicle€was€struck€head„on€in€their€lane€of€traffic€by€theÏdefendant's€vehicle.€ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àFor€some€time€prior€to€April€7,€1995,€George€Blake€Kelly€and€his€wifeÏat€the€time,€Lisa€Kelly,€were€experiencing€marital€difficulties.€€According€to€LisaÏKelly,€she€and€the€defendant€had€been€separated€three€œtimes.€€However,€on€AprilÏ7,€1995,€they›€were€living€together€in€Readyville,€Tennessee,€œin›€order€to€give€theÏrelationship€one€last€chance.€€That€morning,€Lisa€Kelly€left€home€to€go€to€a€tanningÐ ä9„06 Ðbed.€€She€returned€and€found€œthe›€defendant€and€their€infant€child€gone.€€TheÏdefendant€left€Mrs.€Kelly€a€note€informing€her€that€he€had€gone€to€see€his€attorney.€ÏThis€made€Mrs.€Kelly€mad,€and€she€departed€for€Dunlap,€Tennessee.€€Mrs.€KellyÏmet€with€a€relative€and€some€friends€and€went€to€a€tavern€in€Whitwell,€Tennessee,Ïwhere€œshe›€drank€and€socialized.€€Around€1:30€a.m.,€Mrs.€Kelly€departed€Dunlap€toÏreturn€home.€€On€her€way€home,€Mrs.€Kelly€was€involved€in€a€single„car€accident.€ÏThe€law€enforcement€officer€who€responded€to€her€wreck€informed€her€of€a€wreckÏin€which€the€defendant€had€been€involved.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àMrs.€Kelly€testified€that€the€defendant€told€her€he€had€five€or€six€beersÏon€April€7,€1995.€€He€came€up€on€a€vehicle€that€was€traveling€very€slowly.€€When€heÏbegan€passing€the€vehicle,€it€sped€œup.€›€œHe›€could€not€get€back€on€the€right€side€of€theÏœroad›€and€œavoid›€the€wreck.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àœAnita›€Morton,€a€resident€of€Dunlap,€testified€the€defendant€stopped€byÏher€house€about€7:00€p.m.€on€April€7.€€He€had€a€beer€bottle€with€him.€€He€stayed€atÏMs.€Morton's€residence€for€about€45€minutes.€€The€defendant€and€Ms.€Morton€hadÏa€tearful€discussion€of€their€respective€relationship€problems.€€They€also€discussedÏMrs.€Kelly's€alleged€infidelity.€€The€defendant€appeared€to€be€more€distraught€thanÏdrunk€to€Ms.€Morton.€€She€denied€having€previously€characterized€the€defendant€asÏ"drunk"€or€"pretty€drunk."€€Shortly€after€the€defendant€went€outside€to€leave,€heÏreturned€to€Ms.€Morton's€door€and€asked€for€some€paper€towels€to€clean€up€someÏbeer€he€had€spilled€in€his€vehicle.€€Ms.€Morton€saw€the€defendant€with€only€one€beerÏduring€his€visit.€€She€also€testified€she€had€known€Mrs.€Kelly€for€a€long€time€andÏwould€not€believe€œMrs.€Kelly's›€sworn€testimony.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àSue€Lewis,€another€Dunlap€resident,€testified€she€was€an€employeeÏof€Steve's€Place,€a€tavern.€€On€April€7,€the€defendant€came€to€this€establishment€atÐ ä9„06 Ðabout€4:00€or€4:30€p.m.€€The€defendant€had€a€can€of€Miller€Lite€beer€in€his€hand.€ÏHe€asked€to€see€Steve€Robertson.€€Mr.€Robertson€and€the€defendant€went€outside,Ïand€Ms.€Lewis€did€not€hear€what€was€said.€€The€defendant€returned€to€Steve's€PlaceÏaround€6:30€or€7:00€that€evening.€€He€had€a€cup€of€beer€in€his€hand.€€Ms.€LewisÏobserved€that€the€defendant€was€agitated.€€The€defendant€said€that€Mr.€RobertsonÏhad€lied€to€him€and€began€asking€Ms.€Lewis€questions€in€a€loud€tone€of€voice.€ÏApparently,€the€defendant€believed€Mr.€Robertson€was€having€a€romanticÏrelationship€with€Lisa€Kelly.€€The€defendant€requested€"beer€to€go"€but€Ms.€LewisÏrefused€to€serve€him.€€She€told€him€œthat€he›€œhad€had›€one€too€many.€€œWhen€Mr.›ÏRobertson€arrived,€œhe›€and€the€defendant€went€outside.€€Ms.€Lewis€testified€theÏdefendant€left€Steve's€Place€around€7:00€p.m.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àSteven€Robertson€testified€he€runs€Steve's€Place.€€On€April€7,€theÏdefendant€came€to€this€establishment€about€4:00€p.m.€looking€for€his€wife.€€Mr.ÏRobertson€and€the€defendant€went€outside€to€talk,€and€the€defendant€œwanted›€Mr.ÏRobertson€œto€"testify›€or€something"€in€the€defendant's€divorce€proceedings.€€Mr.ÏRobertson€told€the€defendant€he€had€seen€Lisa€Kelly€the€previous€week€at€Ruby's,Ïanother€tavern.€€Mrs.€Kelly€had€been€with€Bob€Green.€€œAlthough€the›€defendant€hadÏa€beer€with€œhim,›€Mr.€Robertson€did€not€think€he€was€under€the€influence.€€Mr.ÏRobertson€did€not€serve€Mr.€Kelly€anything€to€drink.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àMr.€Robertson€further€testified€that€he€saw€the€defendant€a€secondÏtime€at€Steve's€Place€that€evening.€€When€Mr.€Robertson€came€in€the€back€doorÏaround€7:00€p.m.,€Ms.€Lewis€told€him€that€the€defendant€had€returned€and€wasÏasking€questions€and€accusing€Mr.€Robertson€of€having€lied€to€him.€€Both€Ms.€LewisÏand€the€defendant€were€upset.€€The€defendant€had€a€cup€in€his€hand€and€had€beenÏdrinking.€€Mr.€Robertson€did€not€sell€him€any€beer.€€ÌÐ ä9„06 Ðà ` àà ¸ àMr.€Robertson€also€testified€that€Lisa€Kelly€had€taken€a€jacketÏcontaining€$1,800€from€Steve's€Place.œ×ƒ×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  כР, Ì ÐÌà ` àà ¸ àDavid€Bryan€Miller,€one€of€the€two€victims,€testified€that€he€and€GinnyÏPrince,€the€other€victim,€had€been€dating€for€two€years€and€were€planning€to€marry.€ÏThey€had€been€to€œO'Charley›'s€to€celebrate€his€having€closed€a€sale€on€a€house€andÏto€the€Outlets€Limited€Mall€in€Murfreesboro.€€They€left€the€mall€about€8:30€and€wereÏheaded€toward€Miss€Prince's€home€in€McMinnville.€€They€were€in€Miss€Prince's€car,Ïand€Mr.€Miller€was€driving.€€They€were€traveling€50€to€55€miles€per€hour€about€9:15Ïto€9:25€p.m,€when€suddenly€the€defendant's€vehicle€appeared€in€their€lane€of€trafficÏand€hit€their€vehicle€head„on.€€The€collision€occurred€at€a€curve€in€the€road.€œ€€Mr.ÏMiller€testified€he€could€do€nothing€to€avoid€it.€€ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àMr.€Miller€testified€he€sustained€torn€ligaments€and€tendons€in€hisÏankle,€a€broken€bone€beneath€his€knee,€three€fractured€ribs,€a€dislocated€hip€whichÏrequired€surgery,€heavy€facial€lacerations€requiring€1,100€stitches,€and€a€torn€retina.€ÏHe€had€fourteen€staples€in€his€head€and€permanent€vision€loss€in€his€right€eye.€€HeÏwas€hospitalized€for€a€week€and€confined€to€bed€for€another€eight€to€nine€weeks.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àBobby€Joe€Perry€testified€he€was€traveling€west€on€the€road€where€theÏcollision€occurred.€€He€was€on€his€way€home€from€choir€practice.€€He€was€goingÏabout€50€miles€per€hour€with€no€one€ahead€of€him€in€his€lane€of€traffic.€€TheÏdefendant's€vehicle€came€up€behind€him€and€got€so€close€that€he€could€not€see€itsÏheadlights€behind€his€tailgate.€€The€defendant's€vehicle€pulled€out€to€pass€about€125Ïto€150€yards€before€a€curve.€€The€road€was€marked€with€double€yellow€lines;Ïhowever,€there€was€a€break€in€the€lines€for€an€intersection€at€the€point€where€theÐ L6ì,2 Ðdefendant€started€to€pass€Mr.€Perry.€€The€defendant's€vehicle€passed€him€andÏstarted€back€toward€the€right€lane€but€the€driver's€side€wheels€never€crossed€theÏyellow€line.€€The€headlights€of€the€victims'€vehicle€had€appeared€as€the€defendant€Ìstarted€passing€Mr.€Perry.€€As€the€defendant's€and€victims'€headlights€met€on€theÏcurve,€the€defendant€veered€to€the€left€into€the€path€of€the€victims'€car.€€At€the€pointÏthe€vehicles€collided,€the€defendant's€vehicle€was€four€to€four€and€one€half€carÏlengths€in€front€of€Mr.€Perry.€€The€witness€testified€he€had€a€clear€view€and€neverÏsaw€any€brake€lights€on€the€defendant's€vehicle.€€After€the€wreck,€Mr.€Perry›€went€toÏcheck€on€the€occupants€of€both€vehicles.€€When€he€stuck€his€head€in€theÏdefendant's€vehicle,€he€smelled€alcohol.€€He€also€observed€two€empty€beer€cans€inÏthe€road.€€The€defendant's€vehicle€was€full€of€clothing€and€other€personal€items.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àChristie€Lynn€Myers,€a€licensed€practical€nurse,€was€traveling€on€theÏroad€where€the€wreck€occurred.€€She€stopped€to€assist€the€injured.€€She€observedÏthat€Miss€Prince€was€dead€and€Mr.€Miller€was€in€pain.€€The€defendant€was€slumpedÏover€his€steering€wheel€and€smelled€of€alcohol.€€The€defendant€was€breathing€onÏher,€and€the€smell€was€coming€from€œhim›€rather€than€his€vehicle.€€She€observed€aÏfew€Budweiser€cans€inside€and€outside€the€defendant's€vehicle.€€One€can€was€in€theÏdefendant's€lap,€one€was€on€the€floor,€another€was€in€the€seat,€and€a€couple€wereÏœoutside.ñXññXññ]ñÌñ]ññXññXññ]ñÌñ]ññ^ññXñÐ  /¼%* ÐñXññ^ññYñ›Ì›ÌñYñ›à ` àà ¸ àNicholas€Joseph€Abraham,€an€emergency€medical€technician,Ïresponded€to€the€scene.€€The€defendant€was€unresponsive€at€first,€but€he€becameÏresponsive€once€Mr.€Abraham€opened€up€his€airway.€€The€defendant€wanted€toÏknow€where€his€wife€was€and€had€no€idea€he€had€been€involved€in€an€accident.€€HeÏbecame€combative€and€screamed€for€Mrs.€Kelly.€€He€would€not,€however,€respondÏto€the€emergency€personnel's€questions.€€Mr.€Kelly€suffered€a€head€injury,€and€hisÏactions€were€similar€to€other€individuals€who€have€sustained€head€injuries.€€œMr.ñ_ñÐ ä9„06 Ðñ_ññ`ñ›€ñ`ñAbraham›€drew€a€blood€sample€for€blood€alcohol€testing€at€the€request€of€a€stateÏtrooper€on€the€scene.€€Mr.€Abraham€did€not€notice€a€smell€of€alcohol€on€Mr.€Kelly,Ïalthough€he€did€not€think€he€would€have€smelled€alcohol€because€of€the€automotiveÏfluids€that€had€been€spilled€from€the€wreck.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àœTrooper›€Jimmy€Jones€arrived€after€the€defendant€had€been€extricatedÏfrom€his€œvehicle,€but›€œhe›€noticed€the€smell€of€alcohol€around€the€defendant's€vehicle.€ÏHe€saw€a€Budweiser€can€in€the€vehicle,€two€in€the€ditch,€and€two€œlying›€in€the€roadÏnear€the€double€yellow€line.€€One€of€the€cans€in€the€road€œñZñwas›€ñZñmay›€have€been€full€until€itÏwas€run€over€by€an€ambulance.€€The€trooper€went€to€the€ambulance€where€theÏdefendant€was€being€treated€and€smelled€alcohol€on€him.€€During€his€testimony,€aÏvideotape€of€the€wreck€œscene›€recorded€from€the€trooper's€patrol€car€was€played€forÏthe€jury,€and€the€witness€narrated€its€contents.€€His€narration€included€the€existenceÏof€a€double€yellow€"no€passing"€line€on€the€roadway€which€had€a€short€20'€to€25'Ïbreak€at€an€intersection€with€another€street.€€ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àRobert€Searcy,€an€on„duty€fireman€and€off„duty€officer€of€the€WarrenÏCounty€Sheriff's€Department,€responded€to€the€scene.€€He€observed€Mr.€Miller€inÏ"extreme€pain."€€He€assisted€Mr.€Kelly's€breathing€with€a€bag€mask€device.€€Mr.€KellyÏhad€a€head€injury€and€was€going€into€shock.€€He€noticed€a€strong€odor€of€œalcoholñ[ñÐ  „+$"& Ðñ[ññ\ñ›€ñ\ñcoming›€from€Mr.€Kelly.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àTrooper€Michael€Jones€was€the€first€trooper€on€the€scene€at€aboutÏ9:55€p.m.€€He€had€to€physically€restrain€the€defendant€so€Mr.€Abraham€could€renderÏmedical€assistance.€€The€defendant€was€"screaming€for€Lisa"€and€"thrashingÏaround."€€He€did€not€smell€any€alcohol€on€the€defendant,€but€the€trooper€thought€hisÏsense€of€smell€was€adversely€affected€by€his€smoking€habit.€€Billy€George€gave€himÏthe€defendant's€wallet,€and€he€took€a€driver's€license€from€it.€€He€ran€a€check€of€theÏlicense€and€discovered€it€had€been€revoked.€€The€witness€conceded€that€theÏdefendant's€behavior€was€similar€to€that€of€other€individuals€with€head€injuries€andÏin€shock,€although€it€was€more€pronounced€than€in€any€other€case€the€witness€hadÏever€seen.€€The€trooper€admitted€he€was€not€an€emergency€medical€technician,€butÏhe€had€been€a€medical€specialist€in€the€Army.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àLieutenant€Randy€Hoover,€an€accident€reconstructionist€with€theÏTennessee€Highway€Patrol,€investigated€the€wreck.€€In€his€opinion,€the€defendant'sÏvehicle,€a€Jimmy,€was€going€faster€than€the€victims'€Probe.€€The€vehicles€collidedÏin€head„on€fashion€with€about€50€percent€overlap€in€the€eastbound€lane.€€The€ProbeÏwas€knocked€backwards€in€a€counterclockwise€direction,€and€the€Jimmy€continued€Ïforward€in€a€clockwise€direction.€€The€Jimmy€was€partially€on€top€of€the€Probe€justÏafter€impact€and€may€have€been€airborne€for€a€very€short€time€before€turning€ontoÏand€sliding€on€its€side.€€One€of€the€two€vehicles€was€"cutting€its€wheels,"€but€Lt.ÏHoover€could€not€opine€which€one.€ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àRaymond€Siler,€Jr.,€a€crime€lab€supervisor€with€the€Tennessee€BureauÏof€Investigation,€tested€the€defendant's€blood€sample€for€alcohol€content.€€The€bloodÏalcohol€content€result€was€0.28€percent.ÌÐ ä9„06 Ðà ` àà ¸ àThe€parties€stipulated€that€if€called€to€testify,€Dr.€David€N.€Jones€wouldÏsay€that€Ginny€Prince€suffered€multiple€trauma€injuries€in€the€œwreck€that›€proximatelyÏresulted€in€her€death.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àVenita€Spearman,€a€secretary€at€McMinnville€Garage€and€WreckerÏService,€testified€that€her€employer€towed€the€defendant's€vehicle€and€kept€it€in€aÏsecure,€fenced€back€lot.€€The€defendant€told€Ms.€Spearman€that€he€drankÏapproximately€a€six„pack€of€beer€on€an€empty€stomach€on€the€day€of€the€wreck.€€HeÐ ä9„06 Ðsaid€all€he€remembered€was€two€headlights€coming€toward€him,€and€he€admitted€heÏwas€at€fault€for€drinking€and€driving.€€He€told€Ms.€Spearman€he€was€not€drivingÏaround€looking€for€a€car€to€hit,€and€he€wished€he€could€say€something€to€"theÏfamily."ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àBilly€Cook,€the€director€of€the€Drug€and€Violent€Crime€Task€Force,€metÏwith€the€defendant€in€a€chapel€at€the€Warren€County€Sheriff's€office.€€Mr.€CookÏadvised€the€defendant€of€his€rights.€€Thereafter,€the€defendant€proceeded€to€tell€Mr.ÏCook€that€he€should€not€have€"let€my€drinking€get€hold€of€me."€€The€defendant€wasÏupset€because€his€wife€had€been€"running€around€on€œhim,"›€œand€he›€had€been€lookingÏfor€her€on€the€evening€of€the€wreck.€€Mr.€Cook€recalled€the€defendant€saying€heÏœdrank›€six€to€eight€beers€and€had€not€eaten€all€day.€€He€had€passed€a€vehicle€andÏthought€it€sped€up.€€He€was€beside€the€vehicle,€and€before€he€knew€it€he€was€in€aÏcurve.€€He€felt€the€driver€of€the€vehicle€he€was€attempting€to€pass€was€as€much€atÏfault€as€he€was.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àFollowing€the€conclusion€of€the€state's€proof,€the€defendant€changedÏhis€plea€for€the€charge€of€driving€on€a€revoked€license€from€not€guilty€to€guilty.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àThe€defense€presented€no€evidence.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àThe€jury€found€the€defendant€guilty€of€second„degree€murder€of€GinnyÏPrince,€vehicular€homicide€of€Ginny€Prince€by€intoxication,€vehicular€homicide€ofÏGinny€Prince€by€recklessness,€vehicular€assault€of€David€Miller€by€intoxication,Ïreckless€driving€and€third„offense€DUI.€€The€court€entered€convictions€of€second„Ïdegree€murder,€vehicular€assault,€reckless€driving,€third„offense€DUI€and€driving€onÏa€revoked€license.ÌÐ ä9„06 Ðà ` àà ¸ àFollowing€a€sentencing€hearing,€the€trial€court€imposed€maximumÏsentences€of€25€years€for€second„degree€murder,€four€years€for€vehicular€assault,Ïsix€months€for€reckless€driving,€eleven€months€and€29€days€for€third„offense€DUI,œ×ƒ×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  כРø ˜ Ðand€six€months€for€driving€on€a€revoked€license.€€The€court€further€foundÏconsecutive€sentencing€was€appropriate€and€imposed€each€conviction€consecutiveÏto€each€other,€for€an€effective€sentence€of€30€years,€eleven€months€and€29€days.ÌÌà@üü-àò òIó óˆÐ ô”  Ðà ` àà ¸ àThe€first€issue€we€must€consider€is€whether€the€evidence€is€sufficientÏto€sustain€the€defendant's€conviction€of€second„degree€murder.ò ò€€ó ó€WÔ‡X‚XX X‚Ôhen€an€accusedÐ ˜8 Ðchallenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€an€appellate€courtððs€standard€of€reviewÏis€whether,€after€considering€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€theÏprosecution,€òòanyóó€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€theÐ ¨ Ðcrime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€324,€99€S.€Ct.Ð Ô t Ð2781,€2791„92€(1979);€òòState€v.€Duncanóó,€698€S.W.2d€63,€67€(Tenn.€1985);€Tenn.€R.Ð  "@ ÐApp.€P.€13(e).€€This€rule€applies€to€findings€of€guilt€based€upon€direct€evidence,Ïcircumstantial€evidence,€or€a€combination€of€direct€and€circumstantial€evidence.€ÏòòState€v.€Dykesóó,€803€S.W.2d€250,€253€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990).€€€Ô#† X‚XXX‚^#ÔÐ (¤" ÐÌÔ‡X‚XX X‚Ôà ` àà ¸ àIn€determining€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€this€court€should€notÐ œ+<"& Ðreweigh€or€reevaluate€the€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Matthewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€776,€779Ð h-$( Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990).€€Questions€concerning€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses,€theÏweight€and€value€of€the€evidence,€as€well€as€all€factual€issues€raised€by€theÏevidence€are€resolved€by€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835Ð Ì2l). Ð(Tenn.€1978).€€Nor€may€this€court€substitute€its€inferences€for€those€drawn€by€theÏtrier€of€fact€from€the€evidence.€€òòLiakas€v.€Stateóó,€199€Tenn.€298,€305,€286€S.W.2dÐ , Ì Ð856,€859€(1956);€€òòFarmer€v.€Stateóó,€574€S.W.2d€49,€51€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978).€€OnÐ ø ˜ Ðthe€contrary,€this€court€must€afford€the€State€of€Tennessee€the€strongest€legitimateÏview€of€the€evidence€contained€in€the€record€as€well€as€all€reasonable€and€legitimateÏinferences€which€may€be€drawn€from€the€evidence.€€òòCabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€at€835.Ð \ü  ÐÔ#† X‚XXX‚ba#ÔÌà ` àà ¸ àThe€relevant€definition€of€second„degree€murder€is€the€"knowing€killingÏof€another."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„210(a)(1)€(1991).€€The€defendant€claims€theÏevidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€conclusion€he€knowingly€killed€Ginny€Prince.€ÏHe€argues€that€murder€is€a€crime€defined€by€its€results;€therefore,€the€state€mustÏprove€that€he€knew€a€killing€would€result€from€his€conduct.€€On€the€other€hand,€theÏstate€argues€that€the€proof€shows€that€the€killing€was€knowing,׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€and€œfurther,›€œthat›€theÐ ð Ðrelevant€inquiry€is€not€solely€into€defendant's€mental€state€with€respect€to€result€ofÏthe€his€actions€but€alternatively€into€his€mental€state€with€respect€to€his€conduct.€ÏThus,€the€œstate›€argues,€if€he€knowingly€or€intentionally€drank€and€drove,€he€is€guiltyÏof€second„degree€murder€for€the€result€of€the€unlawful€drinking€and€driving.€€œÌÌà ` àà ¸ àWe›€find€insufficient€evidence€of€a€knowing€killing€to€sustain€theÏdefendant's€conviction€of€œsecond„degree€murder.›ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àUnder€our€Criminal€Code,€murder€is€an€offense€defined€by€the€result,Ïnot€by€the€offenderððs€conduct€or€by€the€circumstances€surrounding€the€œconduct.€ÏòòSee,€e.g.óó,€òòState€v.€Freemanóó,€943€S.W.2d€25,€29€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996),€òòperm.Ð ´2T). Ðapp.€deniedóó€(Tenn.€1997).€€ð ðA€person€acts€knowingly€with€respect€to€a€result€of€aÐ €4 +0 Ðpersonððs€conduct€when€the€person€is€aware€that€the€conduct€is€reasonably€certainÏto€cause€the€result.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„302(b)€(1997).›€€Thus,€to€establishÏsecond„degree€murder,€the€state€must€prove€that€the€defendant€was€ð ðaware€that€theÏconduct€is€reasonably€certainðð€to€cause€death.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àIn€a€case€of€this€type,€œthe›€offending€activity€may€arguably€œoccur€at€aÏgiven€point€in€a›€sequence€of€œevents€or€along›€œa›€continuum€of€œtime.€€A›€reviewing€courtÏœmust›€œdetermine›€œduring€which›€event€or€œat›€what€point€in€time€œthe›€critical€ð ðconductððÏoccurred.€€The€state€would€have€us€choose€an€event€or€time€very€early€in€theÏsequence€„„€that€is,€when€the€intoxicated€defendant€began€to€drive€his€vehicle€inÏviolation€of€the€DUI€laws.€€Certainly,€under€the€pre„1989€Code,€œthis€theory€wouldÏsupport€a€finding›€of€implied€malice€which€was€the€underpinning€for€a€long€line€ofÏTennessee€cases€œwhich,€before€1989,›€approved€second„degree€murder€convictionsÏin€vehicular„homicide€œsituations.€€òòSee,€e.g.óó,€òòState€v.€Durhamóó,€614€S.W.2d€815Ð ¼ \ Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1981).€€Malice€was€implied€from€the€defendantððs€decision€to€driveÏa€motor€vehicle€while€intoxicated.€€Under€the€pre„1989€law,€the€facts€of€this€caseñ<ññ<ññRñÏñRññSññ<ñÐ  T$ô Ðñ<ññSññKñ›ñKññ=ñ€ñ=ñwould€have€demonstrated€actions€which€are€òòmalumòò€óóinòò€óóseóó€and€which€evince€ð ðwillfulÐ  &À  Ðrecklessness,ðð€òòState€v.€Johnsonóó,€541€S.W.2d€417€(Tenn.€1976),€and,€as€such,€theyÐ ð'" Ðwould€have€supported€a€finding€of€implied€malice€which,€in€turn,€would€haveÏauthorized€a€conviction€for€second„degree€murder.€€However,ñKñ›ñKñ€the€1989€CriminalÏCode€removed€malice€as€an€element€of€ñKñœñKñmurder,€relegatedñKñ›ñKñ€the€old€implied„maliceÏñKñœñKñformulañKñ›ñKñ€to€crimes€proscribing€killings€resulting€from€reckless€ñKñœñKñconduct,€òòseeóó€Tenn.Ð  /À%* ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€39„13„210(a)(1)€(1991),€and€inserted€the€òòmensóó€òòreaóó€of€a€knowing€killingÐ ì0Œ', Ðas€an€element€of€second„degree€murder.€ñKñ›ñKñ€Moreover,€as€we€have€said,€it€is€notÏconduct,€but€a€result,€that€is€proscribed€by€the€ñKñœñKñcurrent€second„degreeñKñ›ñKñ€murderÏstatute.€€ñKñœñKñTherefore,€for€purposes€of€second„degree€murder,ñKñ›ñKñ€we€must€reject€theÏargument€that€the€critical€time€for€judging€the€defendantððs€ñKñœñKñactionsñKñ›ñKñ€is€when€heÏclimbed€behind€the€wheel€of€his€vehicle.Ð è9ˆ06 Їà ` àà ¸ àñKñœñKñAlternatively,ñKñ›ñKñ€the€state€suggests€that€the€critical€time€for€judging€theÏdefendantððs€conduct€is€the€point€in€time€after€he€passed€the€Perry€vehicle€when,Ïinstead€of€returning€to€his€lane€of€travel,€he€veered€left,€further€into€the€path€of€theÏvictimsðð€car.€€Mr.€Perry€is€the€only€witness€to€this€movement€of€the€defendantððsÏvehicle,€and€we€have€examined€carefully€his€testimony.€€We€do€not€find€that€thisÏtestimony€provides€meaningful€evidence€of€the€defendantððs€knowledge,€awarenessÏor€intent€at€that€point€in€ñKñœñKñtime.€€The€ñ>ñperñ>ññ?ññ>ñvñ>ññ?ññ@ñcñ@ññAññ@ñrñ@ññAññBñeived€veering€of€the€ñBññKññBñdefendnatñBññKññKñdefendantñKññBñ's€ñBññCñtruck€coñCññLñuñLññCñldÏhave€been€an€evasive€maneuver,€and€moreover,€in€light€of€the€ñCññKññCñdefendan'tsñCññKññKñdefendant'sñKññCñ€bloodÏalcohol€content€of€.28€percent,€his€full€ñCññCñdefendantððsÏblood€alcohol€content€was€.28%,€and€no€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€foundÏbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€the€defendant€was€even€ñCñconsciousñEñness€at€the€ñEññFñcrñFññGññFñtiicñFññGññHñitical€time€is€arguablyÏin€doubtñHññDñ€ñDññEññDñ€ñDñat€that€poiñEññIñnt€in€timeñIñ.ñKñ›ñKñ€ñKñœñKñWeñKñ›ñKñ€believe€that€the€critical€conduct€for€which€the€defendant€must€beÏjudged€occurred€prior€to€the€instant€just€before€the€collision.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àñKñœñKñThe€critical€conductñKñ›ñKñ€occurred€when€the€ñKñœñKñintoxicated€defendantñKñ›ñKñ€passedÏanother€vehicle€on€a€curve€in€a€no„passing€ñKñœñKñzone€and€his€presence€in€the€opposingñJñÐ  ¼ \ ÐñJñ€lane€of€traffic€became€irreversible.€€As€such,€the€record€is€devoid€of€any€proof€of€theÏdefendantððs€knowledge€that€death€was€reasonably€certain€to€result€before€theÏevents€were€irretrievably€set€into€motion€by€this€œconduct.›€€The€defendantððsÏoutrageously€reckless€conduct€is€analogous€to€a€person€firing€a€pistol€from€insideÏa€windowless€building€out€through€the€open€doorway.€€The€person€cannot€seeÏwhether€someone€may€be€walking€outside€along€the€front€of€the€building,€about€toÏpass€the€doorway,€and€he€knows€of€no€one€present€outside.€€œThe›€ð ðconductðð€isÏcommenced€by€the€firing€of€the€œweapon€and€must€be€judged€at€that€time€because›Ïthe€œconduct€is€then€irreversible.›€€Under€our€Criminal€Code,€such€conduct€is,€as€is€theÏconduct€in€the€present€case,€reckless.€€œThis›€reckless€œconduct,€however€egregious,€›Ïis€œdistinguishable›€from€a€œhypothesis›€where€the€person€is€firing€the€pistol€œthrough›€theÏdoorway€œwhen€he€is›€aware€that€a€moving€line€of€people€is€filing€in€close€order€pastÏthe€open€door.€€In€that€œhypothesis,›€death€is€reasonably€certain€to€result€from€theÏconduct,€even€òòbeforeóó€the€bullet€is€œfired,€such€that›€a€death€resulting€from€the€shot€is,Ð ¼ \ Ðat€least,€knowing.€€As€seen€in€this€analogy,€the€facts€in€the€present€case€do€notÏsupport€a€finding€of€a€knowing€killing€which€is€necessary€to€a€conviction€of€second„¼degree€murder.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àThe€case€at€bar€presents€an€egregious€picture€of€an€individual€whoÏdrove€while€intoxicated€and€after€his€driver's€license€had€been€revoked.€€He€droveÏwith€his€vehicle€full€of€personal€belongings,€which€may€have€impaired€his€ability€toÏsee€out€of€the€right€side€of€the€vehicle.€€He€attempted€to€pass€a€vehicle€in€a€œno„›Ïpassing€zone.€€œTragically,›€the€defendant's€blatant,€unjustifiable€disregard€for€theÏrules€of€the€road€and€the€safety€of€others€resulted€in€the€death€of€a€young€womanÏand€the€permanent€bodily€injury€of€a€young€man.€€Nonetheless,€the€facts€whenÏviewed€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€state€do€not€support€a€conclusion€beyondÏa€reasonable€doubt€that€he€was€aware€that€his€actions€were€reasonably€certain€toÏcause€the€victim's€death.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„302(b)€œ(1997).€€On€theÐ ä9„06 Ðother€hand,€however,€the€defendantððs€conduct€was€clearly€reckless,€and,€as€heÏconcedes,€he€is€guilty€of€the€crime€of€vehicular€homicide.ÌÌà ` à›à ¸ àThis€court€is€mindful€that€the€offenses€in€the€present€case€wereÏcommitted€during€a€time€period€in€which€the€legislatureððs€grading€of€vehicular„¼homicide„type€offenses€was€viewed€by€many€as€inadequate.€€Prior€to€the€enactmentÏof€the€1989€Criminal€Code,€œas€we€have€observed,›€murder€was€predicated€upon€theÏelement€of€œmalice,›€and€second„degree€murder€could€be€established€by€proof€ofÏimplied€œmalice.€€òòSeeóó›€òòState€v.€Mossóó,€727€S.W.2d€229€(Tenn.€1986);€òòState€v.Ð À` ÐJohnsonóó,€541€S.W.2d€417€(Tenn.€1976);€òòGriffin€v.€Stateóó,€578€S.W.2d€654€(Tenn.Ð Œ, ÐCrim.€App.€œ1978).€€On›€the€other€hand,€the€offenses€in€the€present€case€wereÏcommitted€before€the€legislature€upgraded€the€penalty€for€vehicular€homicideÏcommitted€by€DUI.€€At€the€time€of€the€defendantððs€crime,€vehicular€homicide€was€aÏClass€C€felony.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„213(b)€(1991)€(amended€1995).€Ð ¼ \ ÐVehicular€homicide€by€intoxication€has€since€been€elevated€to€a€Class€B€felony.€ÏòòSeeóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„213(b)€(1997).€€Moreover,€the€legislature€has€œcreated›Ð T$ô Ðthe€Class€A€felony€of€aggravated€vehicular€homicide.€€The€ð ðaggravationðð€of€vehicularÏhomicide€results€either€from€the€defendantððs€previous€conviction€of€enumeratedÏdriving€and/or€alcohol„related€offenses€or€a€combination€of€a€.20%€or€greater€bloodÏalcohol€content€and€conviction€of€at€least€one€enumerated€driving€or€alcohol„relatedÏoffense.€€òòSeeóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„218€(1997).€€Thus,€the€defendantððs€crime,Ð P-ð#( Ðif€committed€today€under€the€same€circumstances€and€by€the€same€individual,Ïœwould›€be€subject€to€prosecution€as€aggravated€vehicular€œhomicide,›€which€is€in€theÏsame€sentencing€class€as€second„degree€murder.€€òòCompareóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„Ð ´2T). Ð13„218(d)€œ(1997)€(aggravated›€vehicular€homicide€is€Class€A€œfelony)€òòwithóó›ðð€39„13„Ð €4 +0 Ð210(b)€(1997)€(second„degree€murder€is€Class€A€felony).€€ÌÌœà ` àà ¸ àAs€senseless€as€the€defendant's€crimes€are,€we€are€constrained€toÐ ä9„06 Ðfollow€the€dictates€of€and€observe€the€limitations€imposed€by€the€legislature.€€GivenÏthe€legislatureððs€substitution€of€a€ð ðknowingðð€killing€in€place€of€malice€as€the€basis€forÏsecond„degree€murder,€and€our€finding€that€the€facts€in€the€present€case,€even€inÏthe€light€most€favorable€to€the€state,€do€not€support€a€knowing€killing,€we€are€boundÏto€reverse€the€second„degree€murder€conviction,€even€though€such€a€reversalÏrelegates€this€offense€to€a€gradation€of€vehicular€homicide€which€the€legislature€hasÏrecently€decided€was€inadequately€sanctioned€at€the€time€the€defendant€committedÏthe€crime.€ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àIn€accord€with€the€relevant€law,€we€modify€the€defendantððs€convictionÏfor€second„degree€murder€to€a€conviction€of€vehicular€homicide€by€intoxication.Ì›Ìò òà@àà,àIIˆÐ ð Ðà ` àà ¸ àó óNext,€we€turn€to€the€defendant's€claims€that€double€œjeopardy€principlesÐ È h Ðprevent›€his€conviction€of€œDUI›€and€reckless€driving€because€these€crimes€shouldÏhave€been€merged€with€certain€of€his€other€convictions.€€In€response,€the€stateÏconcedes€the€impropriety€of€these€dual€convictions.€€Applying€the€principles€of€òòStateÐ ,&Ì  Ðv.€Dentonóó,€938€œS.W.2d›€373€(Tenn.€1996),€we€reach€the€same€conclusion€andÐ ø'˜" Ðtherefore€must€reverse€and€dismiss€the€œDUI›€and€reckless€driving€convictions.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àThe€state€and€federal€constitutions€protect€against€multiple€convictions€Ïor€punishments€for€a€single€offense.€€U.S.€Const.€amend.€V;€Tenn.€Const.€art.€1,€ððÏ10.€€In€order€for€offenses€to€support€multiple€convictions,€they€must€be€"whollyÏseparate€and€distinct."€€òòSee,€e.g.óó,€òòState€œv.›€œGoins›óó,€705€œS.W.2d›€648,€œ650›€(Tenn.Ð À2`). М1986)€(citations€omitted).›€€In€òòState€v.€Dentonóó,€our€supreme€court€recognized€thatÐ Œ4,+0 Ð"[œt]he›€key€issue€in€multiple€punishment€cases€is€legislative€intent."€€òòDentonóó,€938Ð X6ø,2 МS.W.2d›€at€379€(citations€omitted).€€In€other€words,€the€court€must€determine€whetherÏthe€legislature€intended€that€each€violation€resulting€from€a€single€act€be€a€separateÐ ð906 Ðoffense.€€Presumptively,€"the€legislature€does€not€ordinarily€intend€to€punish€theÏsame€offense€under€two€different€statutes."€€òòDentonóó,€938€S.W.2d€at€379.Ð , Ì ÐÌà ` àà ¸ àThe€òòDentonóó€court€employed€a€four„part€balancing€inquiry€inÐ Äd Ðdetermining€whether€multiple€convictions€offend€double€jeopardy.€€òòDentonóó,€938Ð 0 ÐS.W.2d€at€379„81.€€First,€the€court€must€determine,€in€accord€with€òòBlockburger€v.Ð \ü  ÐUnited€Statesóó,€284€U.S.€299,€52€S.€Ct.€180€(1932),€whether€each€offense€requiresÐ (È  Ðproof€of€an€element€that€the€other€does€not.€€òòDentonóó,€938€S.W.2d€at€379.€€Second,Ð ô”  Ðthe€court€must€look€to€the€specific€evidence€offered€in€the€case€at€bar€to€determineÏwhether€œthe›€different€evidence€was€used€to€prove€each€offense.€€òòDentonóó,€938Ð Œ, ÐS.W.2d€at€380€(relying€on€òòDuchac€v.€Stateóó,€505€S.W.2d€237€(Tenn.€1973)).€€Third,Ð Xø Ðthe€court€must€consider€whether€there€were€multiple€victims€or€multiple€episodes.€ÏòòDentonóó,€938€S.W.2d€at€381.€€Fourth,€the€court€must€examine€the€purposes€of€theÐ ð Ðrespective€statutes€prohibiting€the€defendant's€conduct€and€determine€whether€theÏstatutes€serve€different€purposes.€€òòDentonóó,€938€S.W.2d€at€381.€€None€of€these€fourÐ ˆ"( Ðinquiries€is€determinative;€rather,€the€court€must€conduct€a€balancing€test€of€eachÏfactor€in€relation€œto›€each€other.€€òòDentonóó,€938€S.W.2d€at€381.Ð  &À  ÐÌà ` àà ¸ àIn€the€case€at€bar,€we€have€conducted€the€òòDentonóó€inquiry,€first,€withÐ ¸)X $ Ðrespect€to€the€crime€of€DUI,€as€compared€with€vehicular€assault€and€vehicularÏhomicide.€€We€conclude€that€double€jeopardy€will€not€permit€the€DUI€conviction€toÏstand.€€òòAccordóó€òòState€v.€Rhodesóó,€917€S.W.2d€708€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995)€(doubleÐ /¼%* Ðjeopardy€prevents€convictions€for€both€vehicular€assault€by€intoxication€and€œDUI),Ð è0ˆ', Ðòòperm.€app.€deniedóó€(Tenn.€1996).›€€Comparison€reveals€that€the€crimes€fail€theÐ ´2T). ÐòòBlockburgeróó€separate€elements€test.œñ;ñ׃×ñ;ññ;ñ׃×ñ;ñÝ ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×›€œThe›€evidence€essential€to€the€vehicularÐ €4 +0 Ðhomicide€by€intoxication€conviction€is€inclusive€of€the€evidence€necessary€to€proveÏDUI.œñ;ñ׃B×ñ;ññ;ñ׃ ×ñ;ñÝ ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×›€€Likewise,€the€evidence€essential€to€the€vehicular€assault€conviction€isÐ , Ì Ðinclusive€of€the€evidence€necessary€to€prove€DUI.€€While€it€is€true€there€are€multipleÏvictims€in€this€case,€proof€of€a€victim€is€not€necessary€for€a€conviction€of€DUI.€€TheÏrelevant€inquiry€in€the€case€at€bar€is€whether€there€were€multiple€episodes,€andÏthere€were€not.€€The€defendant€was€involved€in€only€one€collision.€€Finally,€theÏpurposes€of€the€three€statutes€are€similar.€€The€vehicular€assault€and€vehicularÏhomicide€statutes€have€the€obvious€goal€of€proscribing€bodily€injury€to€a€victim€andÏpunishing€those€who€commit€such€an€act,ñ;ñ׃n ×ñ;ññ;ñ׃!ˆ×ñ;ñÝ ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€œand›€the€similar€aim€of€the€DUI€statute€isÐ À` Ðto€"remove€from€the€highways,€prosecute€and€punish€those€who€engage€in€theÏdangerous€menace€of€driving€under€the€influence."€€òòState€v.€Turneróó,€913€S.W.2dÐ Xø Ð158,€œ160›€(Tenn.€1995);€òòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Lawrenceóó,€849€S.W.2d€761,€œ765„66›€(Tenn.Ð $Ä Ð1993).ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àSecond,€we€have€conducted€a€òòDentonóó€inquiry€with€respect€to€theÐ ˆ"( Ðdefendant's€reckless€driving€conviction,€as€compared€with€his€vehicular€assault€andÏvehicular€homicide€convictions.€€We€conclude€that€double€jeopardy€bars€hisÏconviction€of€reckless€driving.€€€The€reckless€driving€conviction€fails€the€òòBlockburgeróóÐ ì'Œ" Ðâ âseparate€elements€test€with€respect€to€both€vehicular€assault€and€vehicularÐ ¸)X $ Ðhomicide.ñ;ñ׃$×ñ;ññ;ñ׃'×ñ;ñÝ ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€In€the€case€at€bar,€the€evidence€used€to€prove€the€defendant'sÐ `  Ðâ âcommission€of€the€offense€of€reckless€driving€was€part€of€the€evidence€also€usedÏto€convict€the€defendant€of€vehicular€assault€and€vehicular€homicide.€€The€stateÏproved€one€episode€of€reckless€driving€in€this€case,€and€that€episode€is€theÏfoundation€for€all€three€convictions€under€scrutiny.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Gilboyóó,€857€S.W.2dÐ 0 Ð884,€œ887›€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993)€("[A]n€act€of€driving€which€disregards€the€safetyÏof€several€distinct€persons€or€properties€still€constitutes€one€offense€of€recklessÏdriving€under€the€œstatute.").€€òòBut€cfóó.€òòState€v.€Adkinsóó,€619€S.W.2d€147,€149€(Tenn.Ð ô”  ÐCrim.€App.€1981)€(reckless€driving€is€not€a€continuing€offense).›€œ€Finally,›€we€see€aÏcommon€purpose€in€the€reckless€driving,€vehicular€assault€and€vehicular€homicideÏstatutes.€€All€€three€proscribe€and€punish€reckless€driving.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àThus,€€as€argued€by€the€defendant€and€conceded€by€the€state,€doubleÏjeopardy€œprinciples€mandate›€that€we€reverse€and€dismiss€the€convictions€of€DUI€andÏreckless€driving.ÌÌà@ÄÄ,àò òIIIó óˆÐ  &À  Ðà ` àà ¸ àFinally,€we€address€the€defendant's€sentencing€issues.€€The€defendantÏcomplains€of€improper€consideration€of€enhancement€and€mitigating€factors,€theÏweight€afforded€those€factors,€the€imposition€of€consecutive€sentences,€and€the€totalÏlength€of€the€effective€sentence.€€Ô‡X‚XX X‚ÔIn€determining€whether€the€trial€court€has€properlyÐ \-ü#( Ðsentenced€an€individual,€this€court€engages€in€a€òòde€novoóó€review€of€the€record€withÐ (/È%* Ða€presumption€that€the€trial€court's€determinations€were€correct.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ïðð€40„35„401(d)€(1997).€€This€presumption€is€"conditioned€upon€the€affirmativeÏshowing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencing€principles€andÏall€relevant€facts€and€circumstances.ðð€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.Ð X6ø,2 Ð1991).€€In€conducting€our€òòde€novoóó€review,€we€must€consider€the€evidence€atÐ `  Ðsentencing,€the€presentence€report,€the€sentencing€principles,€the€arguments€ofÏcounsel,€the€statements€of€the€defendant,€the€nature€and€characteristics€of€theÏoffense,€any€mitigating€and€enhancement€factors,€and€the€defendantððs€amenabilityÏto€rehabilitation.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€40„35„210(b),€40„35„103(5)€(1997);€òòAshbyóó,Ð 0 Ð823€S.W.2d€at€168.€€Ô#† X‚XXX‚É­#ÔÔ‡X‚XX X‚ÔOn€appeal,€the€appellant€has€the€burden€of€showing€that€theÐ \ü  Ðsentence€imposed€is€improper.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d),€SentencingÏComm'n€Comments€(1997);€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€169.Ð ô”  ÐÌà ` àà ¸ àIn€the€case€at€bar,€the€record€reflects€that€the€trial€court€announced€itsÏcontemplation€of€the€statutory€considerations.€€Unfortunately,€however,€the€trialÏœcourt›€made€comments€on€the€record€which€indicate€extraneous€factors€wereÏconsidered€in€determining€the€appropriate€sentence.œñ6ññ;ñ׃×ñ;ññ;ñ׃*×ñ;ññ6ññ6ñ׃×ñ6ñÝ ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×›€€Accordingly,€we€conduct€a€òòdeÐ ð Ðnovoóó€review€without€the€presumption€of€correctness.€€We€will€consider,€first,€theÐ ¼ \ Ðlength€of€the€defendant's€individual€sentences,€and€second,€the€propriety€ofÏconsecutive€sentencing.ÌœÌà ` àà ¸ àAdditionally,€in€the€interest€of€judicial€economy,€we€have€determinedÏthe€appropriate€sentence€for€the€defendant's€modified€conviction€of€vehicularÏhomicide.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Angela€Manningóó,€No.€03C01„9501„CR„00012,€slip€op.€at€27Ð „+$"& Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Knoxville,€Feb.€27,€1998)€(remand€for€sentencing€on€modifiedÏconviction€unnecessary€if€record€is€sufficient€for€appellate€court€to€impose€anÐ /¼%* Ðappropriate€sentence).Ì›Ìà@ÓÓ-àò òAó óˆÐ ø ˜ Ðà ` àà ¸ àThe€defendant€reaches€the€sentencing€determination€with€threeÏconvictions€„„€vehicular€homicide€of€Ginny€Prince,€vehicular€assault€of€David€Miller,Ïand€driving€on€a€revoked€license.€€We€consider€first€the€enhancement€factorsÏapplicable€to€these€convictions.€€œÌÌà ` à›à ¸ àThe€defendant€œconcedes›€he€has€a€previous€history€of€criminalÏconvictions€and€criminal€behavior.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(1)€(1997).€Ð ˜8 ÐThis€factor€is€entitled€to€great€weight€given€the€defendant's€history€of€recent€DUIÏconvictions€and€other€evidence€of€drinking€and€driving€presented€at€the€sentencingÏhearing.€€ÌàÐ` ` ` àœˆÌà ` àà ¸ àWe€believe€factor€(6)€applies.€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(6)€(1997)Ï(personal€injuries€or€property€damage€caused€was€particularly€great).€€However,€toÏthe€extent€that€the€trial€court€applied€this€factor€in€the€vehicular€assault€case€basedÏon€the€injuries€to€Mr.€Miller,€it€erred.€€This€factor€is€not€applicable€to€the€vehicularÏassault€convictions€because€serious€bodily€injury€is€an€element€of€that€offense.€ÏòòSeeóóòòe.g.óó,€òòState€v.€Williamsonóó,€919€S.W.2d€69,€82€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€For€likeÐ +0"& Ðreasons,€the€factor€is€not€applicable€to€the€vehicular€homicide€based€upon€the€fatalÏinjuries€suffered€by€Ms.€Prince.€€On€the€other€hand,€Ms.€Prince€and€her€mother,€theñTñ€ÏñTññUññMñÐ  ô0”', ÐñMññUññNñ€ñNñbeneficial€and€legal€owners€of€the€Probe,€respectively,€suffered€property€damageÏin€the€amount€of€$6,000,€the€total€value€of€the€vehicle.€€In€this€limited€sense,€factorÏ(6)€applies€to€all€offenses.€€òòSeeóóòòState€v.€Danny€Lee€Ross,€Jr.óó,€No.€01C01„94„PB„Ð Œ4,+0 Ð00365,€slip€op.€at€6„7€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Nashville,€Nov.€21,€1995)€(finding€thatÏindividuals€who€suffered€property€damage€in€a€multiple„car€wreck€were€ð ðvictimsððÏallowing€application€of€enhancement€factor€(3)€to€defendantððs€vehicular€homicideñVñ€Ð ð906 ÐñVññWñÐ ð906 ÐñWñconvictions€involving€other€victims€of€same€wreck),€òòpermóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1996)Ð `  Ð(concurring€results€only).€Ì€Ô#† X‚XXX‚²#ÔÔ‡X‚XX X‚ԛРø ˜ Ðà ` àà ¸ àThe€defendant€œconcedes›€he€has€a€previous€unwillingness€to€complyÏwith€the€conditions€of€a€sentence€involving€release€into€the€community.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.Ð 0 ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(8)€(1997).€€œñOñThis€factor€is€entitled€to€some€weightñOññPñWe›€weigh›€this›€factor›€ñPññSñ›ñSññPñbut€not€heavilyñPñ.ñ;ñ׃0×ñ;ññ;ñ׃,×ñ;ñÝ ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú9Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  כР\ü  ÐÌà ` àà ¸ àThe€defendant€also€œconcedes›€he€had€no€hesitation€œabout€committingÏhis›€crimes€when€the€risk€to€human€life€was€high.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„Ð À` Ð114(10)€œ(1997).€€This€factor€applies€to€all€cases,€we€believe,€based€upon€the€riskÏposed€to€Mr.€Perry,€whom€the€defendant€recklessly€passed€in€a€no„passing€zone.›ÌÌÔ#† X‚XXX‚ÐÀ#ÔÔ‡X‚XX X‚Ôà ` àà ¸ àThe€state€invites€us€to€enhance€the€defendant's€sentence€based€œuponñQñÐ  ð ÐñQñ›€the€potential€for€bodily€injury€to€Mr.€Perry.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(16)Ð `  Ð(1997).€€This€factor€is€inapplicable€to€the€crime€of€vehicular€homicide€based€uponÏthis€court's€holding€in€òòState€v.€Binghamóó,€910€S.W.2d€448€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€Ð ø ˜ ЀLikewise,€we€decline€to€apply€this€factor€to€the€vehicular€assault€œconviction.€€òòSeeóó›€Ð Äd МòòState€v.€Williamsonóó,›€919€S.W.2d€69,€œ82›€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€As€to€the€drivingÐ 0 Ðon€a€revoked€license€conviction,€the€record€clearly€establishes€not€only€that€theÏdefendant€drove€while€his€driver's€license€was€revoked,€but€also€that€he€did€œit›€in€aÏway€which€presented€great€potential€for€bodily€injury€to€Mr.€Perry.€€òòAccordóó€òòState€v.Ð ô”  ÐRandal€A.€Thiesóó,€No.€02C01„9708„CC„00299,€slip€op.€at€œ11„12›€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,Ð À` ÐJackson,€Apr.€24,€1998).œ€€Factor€(16)€applies€to€the€driving€on€a€revoked€licenseÏconvictionñ8ñsñ8ñ.ÌÌÔ#† XºXXXºÚÄ#ÔÔ‡XºXX XºÔà ` àà ¸ àTurning€to€the€issue€of€mitigating€factors,€the€defense€Ô#† XºXXXºšÉ#ÔÔ‡XºXX XºÔoffers€theÐ ð Ðdefendant's€lack€of€a€felony€record,€his€remorse,€his€continuous€employment€for€20Ïyears€in€a€position€of€great€trust,€and€his€sole€support€of€his€minor€child.€€For€theÏreasons€that€follow,€we›€decline€to€apply€any€of€these€factors.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àWe€are€not€compelled€to€mitigate€the€defendant's€sentence€basedÏupon€his€lack€of€previous€felony€convictions.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(13)Ð ¸)X $ Ð(1997).€€Although€we€have€condoned€the€lack€of€a€prior€criminal€record€as€aÏmitigating€factor€in€appropriate€circumstances,€òòsee,€e.g.óó,€òòState€v.€Hicksóó,€868€S.W.2dÐ P-ð#( М729,€731€n.5€(Tenn.›€Crim.€App.€1993)Ô#† XºXXXº,Ê#ÔÔ‡XºXX XºÔ,€this€is€not€such€a€case.€€Mr.€Kelly€not€onlyÐ /¼%* Ðhas€a€prior€criminal€record,€it€is€significant.€€We€find€no€measure€of€mitigation€in€theÏfact€that€his€prior€record€consists€only€of€misdemeanor€convictions,€particularlyÏwhere€he€has€previously€run€afoul€of€the€œlaw›€for€drinking€and€driving,€the€sameÏconduct€which€brought€about€the€senseless€felonies€of€which€he€now€standsÏconvicted.ÌÔ#† XºXXXº'Í#ÔÔ‡XºXX XºÔÐ ä9„06 Ðà ` àà ¸ àWe€are€equally€unpersuaded€that€the€defendant€should€receiveÏmitigation€based€upon€his€alleged€remorse€for€his€crimes.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÐ , Ì Ð40„35„113(13)€(1997).€€The€defendant€did€not€testify€at€trial€or€the€sentencingÏœhearingñ9ñ,ñ9ñ›€œbutñ:ñ,ñ:ñ›€there€was€evidence€that€he€had€expressed€remorse€to€medicalÏproviders.€€However,€there€was€also€evidence€that€the€œdefendant›€yelled€"I'm€sorry"Ïœat€the€victim's€mother€in€an€angry€tone€of€voice€in€the€courthouse€hall.€€On€balance,Ïwe€find€that€the€evidence€does€not€establish€that€the€defendant€was€genuinelyÏremorseful€for€his€crimes.€€The€mitigating€factor€does€not€apply.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àFinally,€we€find€no€measure€of€mitigation€in€the€defendant's€stableÏemployment€history€in€a€position€of€great€trustñ;ñ׃)×ñ;ññ;ñ׃.×ñ;ñÝ ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú10Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€and€his€support€of€his€minor€child.€Ð Xø ЀTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(13)€(1997).€€"Every€citizen€in€this€state€is€expectedÏto€have€a€stable€work€history€if€the€economy€permits€the€citizen€to€work,€the€citizenÏis€not€disabled,€or€the€citizen€is€not€independently€wealthy."€€òòState€v.€Keelóó,€882Ð ¼ \ ÐS.W.2d€410,€423€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€€Absent€any€proof€that€the€defendantÏperformed€his€job€well,€we€have€no€basis€for€concluding€that€he€fulfilled€hisÏobligation€of€"great€trust."€€€Moreover,€Ô#† XºXXXºþÎ#ÔÔ‡XºXX XºÔ€we€find€no€proof€that€the€defendant€does,€inÐ  &À  Ðfact,€support€his€children.€€The€presentence€report€reflects€that€he€has€a€fifteen€year„¼old„son.€€Additionally,€Lisa€Kelly€testified€at€trial€that€she€and€the€defendant€have€aÏtwo„year„old€child.€€While€the€defendant€reported€a€child€support€obligation€of€$340Ïper€month€to€the€presentence€officer,€there€was€no€proof€that€he€complied€with€thisÏobligation.€€Ô#† XºXXXº$Õ#ÔÔ‡XºXX XºÔÐ /¼%* ÐÌà ` àà ¸ àFor€the€felony€conviction€of€vehicular€homicide€by€intoxication,€theÏdefendant,€a€Range€I€offender,€faced€three€to€six€years€for€this€Class€C€felony.ñ;ñ׃v×ñ;ññ;ñ׃1×ñ;ñÝ ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú11Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ׀Р€4 +0 ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„213€(1997);€ðð€40„35„112€(1997).€€Considering€the€weightÏafforded€the€enhancement€factors€and€the€lack€of€mitigating€factors,€Mr.€Kelly€justlyÏdeserves€a€maximum€sentence€of€six€years.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àThe€felony€conviction€of€vehicular€assault€is€a€Class€D€felony€for€whichÏthe€defendant€faced€a€sentence€of€two€to€four€years.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„¼106(b)€(1997);€ðð€40„35„112€(1997).€€Again€considering€the€weight€appropriate€for€theÏenhancement€factors€and€the€lack€of€mitigating€factors,€a€maximum€sentence€fitsÏthe€crime.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àThe€misdemeanor€driving€on€a€revoked€license€conviction€carried€aÏsentence€of€up€to€six€months,€with€a€minimum€of€two€days€confinement.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.Ð ¼ \ ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€55„50„504(a)(1)€(Supp€1997);€ðð€40„35„111€(1997).€€Again,€thisÏsentence€deserves€substantial€enhancement,€and€we€find€the€fact€that€priorÏoffenses€were€committed€behind€the€wheel€of€a€motor€vehicle€particularly€relevantÏto€this€crime.€€A€maximum€sentence€of€six€months,€with€maximum€release€eligibilityÏof€75€percent,€is€warranted.ÌÔ#† X‰ôXXX‰ô©Ô#ÔÔ‡X‰ôXX X‰ôÔÌà@ÐÐ-àò òBó óˆÐ P-ð#( Ðà ` àà ¸ àThe€final€consideration€is€whether€the€defendant€should€receiveÏconsecutive€sentences€for€his€crimes.Ô#† X‰ôXXX‰ôžÚ#Ô€€In€general,€consecutive€sentencing€may€beÐ ô0”', Ðimposed€in€the€discretion€of€the€trial€court€upon€a€determination€that€one€or€more€ofÏthe€following€criteria€exist:Ð Œ4,+0 ÐÒ` ÒÒ°ÒÓÓ(1)à0 ¸ àThe€defendant€is€a€professional€criminal€who€has€knowinglyÐ `  Ðdevoted€himself€to€criminal€acts€as€a€major€source€ofÏlivelihood;Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌ(2)à0 ¸ àThe€defendant€is€an€offender€whose€record€of€criminal€activityÐ ø ˜ Ðis€extensive;Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌ(3)à0 ¸ àThe€defendant€is€a€dangerous€mentally€abnormal€person€soÐ ªJ Ðdeclared€by€a€competent€psychiatrist€who€concludes€as€aÏresult€of€an€investigation€prior€to€sentencing€that€theÏdefendant's€criminal€conduct€has€been€characterized€by€aÏpattern€of€repetitive€or€compulsive€behavior€with€heedlessÏindifference€to€consequences;Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌ(4)à0 ¸ àThe€defendant€is€a€dangerous€offender€whose€behaviorÐ ô”  Ðindicates€little€or€no€regard€for€human€life,€and€no€hesitationÏabout€committing€a€crime€in€which€the€risk€to€human€life€isÏhigh;Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌ(5)à0 ¸ àThe€defendant€is€convicted€of€two€(2)€or€more€statutoryÐ r Ðoffenses€involving€sexual€abuse€of€a€minor€with€considerationÏof€the€aggravating€circumstances€arising€from€the€relationshipÏbetween€the€defendant€and€victim€or€victims,€the€time€span€ofÏdefendant's€undetected€sexual€activity,€the€nature€and€scopeÏof€the€sexual€acts€and€the€extent€of€the€residual,€physical€andÏmental€damage€to€the€victim€or€victims;Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌ(6)à0 ¸ àThe€defendant€is€sentenced€for€an€offense€committed€while€onÐ ¢!B Ðprobation;€orÐ ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌ(7)à0 ¸ àThe€defendant€is€sentenced€for€criminal€contempt.ÐT$ô¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌÒ` ÒÒ°ÒÓÓTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)€(1997).€€In€òòState€v.€Wilkersonóó,€905€S.W.2d€933,Ð  &À  Ð937„38€(Tenn.€1995),€the€supreme€court€imposed€two€additional€requirements€forÏconsecutive€sentencing€„„€the€court€must€find€consecutive€sentences€are€reasonablyÏrelated€to€the€severity€of€the€offenses€committed€and€are€necessary€to€protect€theÏpublic€from€further€criminal€conduct.€€At€this€time,€it€is€unsettled€whether€òòWilkersonóóÐ P-ð#( Ðapplies€to€all€seven€of€the€statutory€categories€for€consecutive€sentencing€or€onlyÏthe€"dangerous€offender"€category.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€David€Keith€Laneóó,€No.€03C01„Ð è0ˆ', Ð9607„CC„00259,€slip€op.€at€11€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Knoxville,€June€18,€1997),€òòperm.Ð ´2T). Ðapp.€grantedóó€(Tenn.€1998).€€Ð €4 +0 ÐÌà ` àà ¸ à€Ô‡X‰ôXX X‰ôÔThis€defendant's€conduct€fits€hand„in„glove€with€the€statutory€criteriaÐ 8¸.4 Ðof€"behavior€indicat[ing]€little€or€no€regard€for€human€life,€and€no€hesitation€aboutÐ ä9„06 Ðcommitting€a€crime€in€which€the€risk€to€human€life€is€high."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„¼35„115(b)(4)€(1997).Ô#† X‰ôXXX‰ôWæ#Ô€€Mr.€Kelly€has€a€history€of€driving€under€the€influence.€€He€wasÐ , Ì Ðon€probation€for€this€very€crime€when€he€chose,€once€again,€to€disregard€the€law€byÔ‡X‰ôXX X‰ôÔÐ ø ˜ Ðoperating€a€motor€vehicle€while€his€blood€alcohol€concentration€was€well€over€theÏlegal€limit€and€without€a€valid€driver's€license.€€This€time,€his€callous€indifference€forÏthe€well„being€of€others€and€the€bounds€of€the€law€had€tragic€results.€€òòAccordóó€òòStateÐ \ü  Ðv.€Penelope€R.€Karnesóó,€No.€01C01„9606„CR„00249,€slip€op.€at€8„9€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð (È  ÐApp.,€Nashville,€May€21,€1997)€(two€previous€DUI€convictions€and€a€previous€drivingÏon€revoked€license€conviction);€òòState€v.€Anthony€Raymond€Bellóó,€No.€03C01„9503„Ð À` ÐCR„00070,€slip€op.€at€7„8€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Knoxville,€Mar.€11,€1996)€(second€DUIÏoffense€committed€while€on€probation€from€earlier€DUI€conviction),€òòperm.€app.Ð Xø Ðdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1996);€òòWilkersonóó,€905€S.W.2d€933€(DUI€offense€only€two€monthsÐ $Ä Ðafter€previous€DUI€offense).ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àThe€defendant€is€also€eligible€for€consecutive€sentencing€based€on€hisÏprobationary€status€at€the€time€he€committed€these€crimes.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„¼35„115(b)(6)€(1997).€€He€concedes€as€much€in€his€brief.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àÔ#† X‰ôXXX‰ôsè#ÔMoreover,€with€respect€to€the€òòWilkersonóó€factors,€the€defendant€easilyÐ ¸)X $ Ðclears€this€final€hurdle€for€consecutive€sentencing.Ô‡X‰ôXX X‰ôÔ€€The€aggregate€sentence€of€tenÐ „+$"& Ðyears€and€six€months€which€will€result€from€imposition€of€consecutive€sentencing€onÏeach€count€reasonably€relates€to€the€severity€of€the€offense,€is€necessary€to€protectÏthe€public€from€further€criminal€activity€by€the€defendant,€and€is€consistent€with€theÏprinciples€of€the€Sentencing€Act.€€òòWilkersonóó,€905€S.W.2d€933.€€A€more€lengthyÐ ´2T). Ðsentence€is€appropriate€for€this€defendant€who€has€repeated€the€same€unlawfulÏconduct€on€multiple€occasions€and€who€took€the€life€of€a€young€woman€andÏseriously€injured€another€individual€on€his€most€recent€repetition.€€We€find€strongÏindications€in€the€record€that€the€defendant€has€a€problem€with€alcohol,€and€hisÐ ä9„06 Ðbehavior€indicates€he€is€unwilling€or€unable€to€control€his€drinking,€or€at€least€toÏcontrol€his€conduct€when€he€is€drinking.€€The€public€needs€to€be€protected€fromÏfurther€criminal€activity€that€may€result€from€the€defendant's€abuse€of€alcohol.€ÏòòAccordóó€òòAnthony€Raymond€Bellóó,€slip€op.€at€8.€€His€status€as€a€repeat€offender€isÐ Äd Ðillustrative€of€the€fact€that€lesser€terms€of€punishment€have€not€served€to€curtail€hisÏconduct.€€Consecutive€sentencing€is€consistent€with€the€principles€of€the€SentencingÏAct.€€The€defendant€has€been€given€the€benefit€of€less€lengthy€and€less€restrictiveÏterms€of€punishment€in€the€past,€yet€he€has€failed€to€live€within€the€bounds€of€theÏlaw.€€òòSeeóó€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„103(5)€(1997)€("The€potential€or€lack€ofÐ À` Ðpotential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment€of€defendant€should€be€considered€inÏdetermining€the€sentence€alternative€or€length€of€a€term€to€be€imposed.").Ô#† X‰ôXXX‰ôâí#ÔÐ Xø ÐÌà ` àà ¸ àIn€summary,€we€modify€the€defendant's€conviction€related€to€theÏhomicide€of€Ginny€Prince€from€second„degree€murder€to€vehicular€homicide€byÏintoxication.€€We€reverse€and€dismiss€the€DUI€and€reckless€driving€convictions.€€WeÏaffirm€the€defendant's€vehicular€assault€and€driving€on€revoked€license€convictions.€ÏWe€modify€the€defendant's€effective€sentence€to€ten€years€and€six€months,€basedÏupon€a€six„year€sentence€for€vehicular€homicide,€a€four€year€sentence€for€vehicularÏassault,€and€six€months€for€driving€on€a€revoked€license,€each€to€be€servedÏconsecutively.ÌÓÓññÌÌÌÌÌññÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à_______________________________Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àCURWOOD€WITT,€JUDGEÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌÌ_____________________________Ð ä9„06 ÐGARY€R.€WADE,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌ_____________________________ÌWILLIAM€M.€BARKER,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌ