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opinion.wpt‰˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptŽ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€ŒÉ»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼ŒÉ»»»ÔÑ8€ÆXXdé»»d8Ñà@hhìàÔ‡î`VŒÉÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@gg$ìàAT€NASHVILLEÔ#†¼ŒÉ»îî`V #ԈРÓ# ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àAugust€11,€2004€SessionÐ öF ÐÔ‡XÆX»¼ŒÉÔÌò òÔ#†¼ŒÉ»XXÆ#ÔòòSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEóó€v.€òòóóRANDAL€TODD€KEMPERÔ‡XÆX»¼ŒÉÔó óÐ ï? ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òAppeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Lawrence€CountyÐ é 9 Ðà@@øøìàNo.€24064€€€€€€Stella€Hargrove,€JudgeÐ Ó # ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<` AßÐ ‘á  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€M2004„00219„CCA„R3„CD€„€Filed€September€30,€Ô_Ô2004Ô_ÔÐ ŠÚ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<]` AßÐ ^®  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€defendant,€Randal€Todd€Kemper,€was€convicted€of€driving€under€the€influence.€€The€trial€courtÐ V¦  Ðimposed€a€sentence€of€eleven€months,€twenty„nine€days,€with€all€but€forty€days€suspended.€€In€thisÐ ? Ðappeal€of€right,€the€defendant€complains€that€the€trial€court€erroneously€admitted€the€results€of€hisÐ (x Ðblood€alcohol€test€because€the€accompanying€certificate€bore€a€rubber„stamped€signature.€€TheÐ a Ðjudgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.Ð úJ ÐÓ°ÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3;€Judgment€of€the€Trial€Court€Affirmedó óÐ Ì ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼ŒÉ»àXÆ#ÔÔ‡XÆX.¼ŒÉÔGary€R.€Wade,€P.J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€whichòòóó€òòNorma€McGee€Ogleóó€and€òòÐ Ÿï ÐRobert€W.€WedemeyerÔ#†¼ŒÉ»àXÆi#ÔÔ‡XÆX.¼ŒÉÔ,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð ˆØ ÐÌJohn€S.€Colley,€III,€Columbia,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Randal€Todd€Kemper.Ð Zª ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€&€Reporter;€Elizabeth€B.€Marney,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð ,| Ðand€Jim€White,€Assistant€District€Attorney€General,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð e ÐÓ:ÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼ŒÉ»XXÆ;#ÔÔ‡XÆX»¼ŒÉÔÐ ç 7  ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼ŒÉ»XXÆ #ÔÔ‡XÆX»¼ŒÉÔÓ  Óà  àThe€defendantððs€statement€of€the€evidence€pursuant€to€Tennessee€Rule€of€AppellateÐ º" " ÐProcedure€24Ô_Ô(cÔ_Ô),€verified€by€the€state€as€accurate,€provides,€in€pertinent€part,€as€follows:Ð £#ó# ÐÌà8  àà ` àLawrenceburg€[P]olice€[O]fficer€Ô_ÔTracÔ_Ô[]y€Odom€stopped€[the€defendant]€earlyÐ u%Å % Ðin€the€morning€on€August€10,€2002€based€on€a€report€that€occupants€of€a€vehicleÐ ^&®!& Ðsimilar€to€[the€defendantððs]€had€been€involved€in€a€fight€in€at€a€local€convenienceÐ G'—"' Ðstore.€.€.€.Ð0(€#(Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àOfficer€Odom€testified€at€trial€that€[the€defendant]€had€passed€one€fieldÐ )i$) Ðsobriety€test€(the€ABCs),€had€failed€another€(heel„to„toe€test),€and€neither€passed€norÐ *R%* Ðfailed€a€third€test€(one€legged€stand).€.€.€.Ðë*;&+Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àOfficer€Odom€testified€[the€defendant]€had€the€odor€of€an€intoxicant€about€hisÐ Ô+$', Ðperson,€and€was€under€the€influence€of€an€intoxicant€to€the€point€he€should€not€haveÐ ½, (- Ðbeen€driving.Ð#¦-ö(.Ð Ð ý¦ #ÐÔ_Ôà8  àà ` àAfter€Officer€Odom€testified€that€a€blood€sample€was€taken€from€[theÐ ° Ðdefendant]€and€sent€off€to€be€analyzed,€[the€defendant]€objected€to€the€admission€ofÐ ™é Ðthe€blood€test€results€or€any€testimony€about€the€results€by€Officer€Odom.€€The€juryÐ ‚Ò Ðwas€excused,€and€[the€defendant]€pointed€out€that€the€blood€test€results€were€notÐ k» Ðproperly€certified€so€as€to€render€them€admissible€under€state€statute€without€aÐ T¤ Ðfoundation€from€the€appropriate€lab€technician.€€The€[s]tate€agreed€that€theÐ =  Ðcertification€on€the€results€appeared€to€bear€a€stamp€and€not€an€original€signature.€Ð & v ÐThe€trial€court€overruled€[the€defendantððs]€objection,€the€jury€was€brought€back€in,Ð  _ Ðand€Officer€Odom€testified€that€[the€defendantððs]€blood€alcohol€level€was€.12.€.€.€.Ðø HÐ Ð  ÐÌà  àIn€this€appeal,€the€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€admitting€evidence€of€hisÐ Ê   Ðblood€alcohol€test€results€because€the€written€TBI€ð ðOfficial€Alcohol€Reportðð€offered€by€the€stateÐ ³  Ðthrough€Officer€Odom€bore€a€rubber„stamped€signature€in€the€place€of€Lanny€Wilder,€the€designatedÐ œì  Ðrepresentative€of€the€TBI€Director.€€The€defendant€has€presented€no€other€objections€to€the€certificateÐ …Õ  Ðand€does€not€challenge€the€signature€of€Kelly€Hopkins,€the€special€agent€who€performed€the€analysisÐ n¾  Ðand€generated€the€report.Ð W§  ÐÌà  àInitially,€the€admissibility€of€evidence€is€a€matter€within€the€trial€courtððs€discretion€and€willÐ )y Ðnot€be€reversed€on€appeal€absent€an€abuse€of€discretion.€€Ô‡XK3 XXXÆÔòòState€v.€Harrisóó,€839€S.W.2d€54,€66€(Tenn.Ð b Ð1992)Ô#†XÆX XXK3#ÔÔ‡XK3 XXXÆÔ.€€The€stipulated€record€does€not,€however,€include€the€basis€for€the€trial€courtððs€ruling.€Ð ûK ÐBecause€the€statement€of€the€evidence€fails€to€include€any€of€the€rationale€underlying€the€trial€courtððsÐ ä4 Ðdetermination,€it€is€difficult€to€review€the€issue€on€an€abuse„of„discretion€standard.€€Ô#†XÆX XXK3(#ÔÔ‡XK3 XXXÆÔTypically,€it€isÐ Í Ðthe€duty€of€the€appellant€to€prepare€a€complete€and€accurate€record€on€appeal.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.Ð ¶ Ð24(b).€€The€failure€to€prepare€an€adequate€record€for€review€of€an€issue€often€results€in€a€waiver€ofÐ Ÿï Ðthat€issue.€€òòThompson€v.€Stateóó,€958€S.W.2d€156,€172€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997)Ô#†XÆX XXK3¶#ÔÔ‡XK3 XXXÆÔ.Ô#†XÆX XXK3]#ÔÔ#†¼ŒÉ»XXÆy #ÔÔ‡XÆX»¼ŒÉÔÐ ˆØ ÐÌà  àBecause€our€preference€is€to€address€the€merits€of€the€claim€whenever€possible,€our€analysisÐ Zª Ðbegins€with€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€55„10„410,€the€statute€under€which€the€blood€alcoholÐ C“ Ðreport€was€admitted€into€evidence,€provides,€in€part,€as€follows:Ð ,| ÐÌà8  àà ` à(b)€Upon€receipt€of€a€[blood]€specimen€forwarded€to€the€directorððs€office€forÐ þN Ðanalysis,€the€director€of€the€Tennessee€bureau€of€investigation€shall€have€it€examinedÐ ç 7 Ðfor€alcohol€concentration€or€for€the€presence€of€narcotic€or€other€drugs,€if€requestedÐ Ð!   Ðby€the€arresting€officer,€county€medical€examiner,€or€any€district€attorney€general.€Ð ¹" ! ÐThe€chief€medical€examiner€or€the€medical€examinerððs€duly€appointed€representativeÐ ¢#ò" Ðshall€execute€a€certificate€which€indicates€the€name€of€the€accused,€the€date,€time€andÐ ‹$Û# Ðby€whom€the€specimen€was€received€and€examined,€and€a€statement€of€the€alcoholÐ t%Ä $ Ðconcentration€(or€presence€of€drugs)€of€the€specimen.Ð]&­!%Ð Ð  Ðà@bbìà*€€€€€€€€€€*€€€€€€€€€€*ˆÐ F'–"& ÐÌÌà8  àà ` à(d)€The€certificate€provided€for€in€this€section€shall,€when€duly€attested€by€theÐ *Q%) Ðdirector€of€the€Tennessee€bureau€of€investigation€or€the€directorððs€duly€appointedÐ ê*:&* Ðrepresentative,€be€admissible€in€any€court,€in€any€criminal€proceeding,€as€evidenceÐ Ó+#'+ Ðof€the€facts€therein€stated,€and€of€the€results€of€such€test,€if€the€person€taking€orÐ ° Ðcausing€to€be€taken€the€specimen€and€the€person€performing€the€test€of€suchÐ ™é Ðspecimen€shall€be€available,€if€subpoenaed€as€witnesses,€upon€demand€by€either€partyÐ ‚Ò Ðto€the€cause,€or,€when€unable€to€appear€as€witnesses,€shall€submit€a€deposition€uponÐ k» Ðdemand€by€either€party€to€the€cause.ÐT¤Ð Ð  ÐÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€55„10„410(a),€(d).Ð & v ÐÌà  àCiting€òòState€v.€Hughesóó,€713€S.W.2d€58€(Tenn.€1986),€the€state€argues€that€by€failing€to€callÐ ø H Ðthe€testing€scientist€as€a€witness€at€trial,€the€defendant€has€waived€any€objection€to€the€admissibilityÐ á 1  Ðof€the€report.€€In€òòHughesóó,€the€defendant€contended€that€the€trial€courtððs€admission€of€the€bloodÐ Ê   Ðalcohol€test€report€through€the€arresting€officer€violated€his€confrontation€rights.€€òòSeeóó€òòCrawford€v.Ð ³  ÐWashingtonóó,€___€U.S.€___,€124€S.€Ct.€1354€(2004)€(general€historical€discussion€of€ConfrontationÐ œì  ÐClause).€€This€court€agreed€and€reversed€the€DUI€conviction.€€Our€supreme€court€disagreed,Ð …Õ  Ðhowever,€ruling€that€admission€of€the€report€was€proper€pursuant€to€section€55„10„410:Ð n¾  ÐÌà8  àà ` àWe€hold€that€the€Legislature€intended€to€avoid€any€confrontation€violationÐ @ Ðby€providing€that€the€admissibility€of€the€test€results€are€dependent€upon€the€presenceÐ )y Ðof€the€laboratory€technician€who€performed€the€test,€if€subpoenaed€by€either€party,Ð b Ðand€that€it€is€implicit€in€the€statute€that€the€lab€technician€is€the€State's€witness,Ð ûK Ðwhether€subpoenaed€or€called€to€the€stand€by€the€State€or€the€accused.€€It€follows€thatÐ ä4 Ðthe€lab€technician€may€be€subpoenaed€by€the€accused€at€the€State's€expense€andÐ Í Ðcalled€to€the€stand€and€cross€examined€as€a€hostile€witness€where€the€State€does€notÐ ¶ Ðelect€to€do€so.€€However,€we€affirm€the€holding€of€[òòState€v.€]Robbinsóó[,€512€S.W.2dÐ Ÿï Ð265€(Tenn.€1974),]€that€the€accused€waives€the€right€of€confrontation€if€the€laboratoryÐ ˆØ Ðtechnician€is€not€subpoenaed,€or€not€called€to€the€witness€stand€by€either€party.ÐqÁÐ Ð  ÐÌòòHughesóó,€713€S.W.2dat€62.€€The€rule€in€òòHughesóó€controls.€€The€defendant€has€waived€any€right€ofÐ C“ Ðconfrontation€by€his€failure€to€subpoena€Kelly€Hopkins,€the€TBI€testing€scientist,€as€a€witness€atÐ ,| Ðtrial.€Ð e ÐÌà  àFurther,€under€Tennessee€Rule€of€Criminal€Procedure€12(b),€the€complaint€about€the€rubber„Ð ç 7 Ðstamped€signature€is€the€very€kind€of€issue€that€should€be€presented€prior€to€trial€or€will€otherwiseÐ Ð!   Ðbe€considered€waived.€€In€his€argument€on€the€merits,€the€defendant€relies€on€òòState€v.€Hendersonóó,Ð ¹" ! Ð554€S.W.2d€117€(Tenn.€1977),€in€which€our€high€court€held€that€the€admission€of€toxicology€resultsÐ ¢#ò" Ðthrough€a€witness€who€neither€supervised€nor€independently€tested€the€substances€violated€theÐ ‹$Û# Ðdefendantððs€right€of€confrontation.€€As€our€supreme€court€specifically€pointed€out€in€òòHughesóó,Ð t%Ä $ Ðhowever,€section€55„10„410(d),€which€affords€the€defendant€the€opportunity€to€cross„examine€if€heÐ ]&­!% Ðelects€to€do€so,€remedies€the€constitutional€infirmity€recognized€in€the€older,€1977Ð F'–"& ÐòòHendersonóódecision.€€713€S.W.2d€at€60.€€Here,€the€defendant€does€not€contend€that€Lanny€WilderÐ /(#' Ðwas€not€the€officially€designated€representative€of€the€Director€of€the€TBI€and€does€not€insist€thatÐ )h$( Ðhis€presence€was€necessary€for€trial.€€òòSeeóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€38„6„107,€Ô#†¼ŒÉ»XXÆÃ#ÔÔ€XÆX»¼ŒÉÔ55„10„410(d).Ð *Q%) Ðâ âÐ ê*:&* Ðà  àIn€òòOððDell€v.€City€of€Knoxvilleóó,€388€S.W.2d€150€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1964),€the€defendant,€whoÐ ° Ðâ âhad€been€convicted€of€driving€under€the€influence,€contended€that€the€charging€warrant€was€invalidÐ ™é Ðbecause€it€bore€a€rubber„stamped€signature€by€the€city€judge.€€On€appeal,€the€defendantððs€convictionÐ ‚Ò Ðwas€affirmed:Ð k» ÐÌà8  àThis€assignment€[of€error]€is€based€upon€the€fact€the€warrant€has€a€facsimile€of€theÐ =  Ðsignature€of€Chas.€G.€Kelly,€City€Judge,€stamped€upon€it.€€There€is€no€proof€in€theÐ & v Ðrecord€the€City€Judge€had€not€adopted€the€facsimile€as€his€signature.€€Nor€is€there€anyÐ  _ Ðproof€he€did€not€himself€stamp€his€facsimile€signature€to€the€warrant.€€That€beingÐ ø H Ðtrue,€the€presumption€is€he€had€adopted€the€same€as€his€signature€and€did€stamp€theÐ á 1  Ðwarrant€himself.€€ÐÊ  Ð Ð  ÐÌòòId.óó€at€151„52.€€Likewise,€there€is€nothing€to€contradict€the€implicit€adoption€of€the€facsimile€byÐ œì  ÐLanny€Wilder€as€his€signature.€€Under€these€circumstances,€the€reasonable€inference€is€that€hisÐ …Õ  Ðsignature,€as€stamped,€was€authorized€by€the€Director€of€the€TBI.Ð n¾  ÐÌà  àAccordingly,€the€judgment€is€affirmed.Ð @ ÐÌ€ÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð ä4 Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àGARY€R.€WADE,€PRESIDING€JUDGE