ÿWPCz 4# èUNó %A 0(Gbo 0¶wU:-w@g4§»Ê 0DÒÆ 0JÜ 0T& 0^z 0hØ 0r@ 0|² 0†. 0´ 1uD 0d¹ AQ Bn 0D‹ 0@Ï 0D D/S B‚ D3Ÿ U>Ò U * B): DCc AM¦ 1ó $v~)vÓ§˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLhÎ(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡- ù-(f(2¥æ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÔ€XqpXXXÔÔ€&ù&XXqpÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó, øð AZ"Arial Regular ()8e*+D,D-.[/0Ó€<n~<$@?3|x<(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 52 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ!"#%Cþÿ<< Cÿÿ d(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó'''÷ÿ dxdüÿP Pd 'ÿÿdxd< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d----7Border 1dd".Cþÿ << Gÿÿ 'Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ!"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÔ€,ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€,XÔÌÌò òJuly€10,€1998ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€,ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó ûÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$ÝÔ€,ÔÔ€,&ÔÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€Defendant€testified€that€he€waited€until€dawn€so€that€he€would€not€cause€the€victim€orÏhis€à0 àwife€to€suffer€a€heart€attack.€€His€ð ðgood€intentionsðð€are€of€no€consequence€here.€€ThisÏfactor€demonstrates€that€Defendant€spent€a€period€of€time€contemplating€the€felony€andÏdid€not€abandon€the€act.ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€+ÔÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÓ  ÓÑ ` ÑÔ€+ŠÔÔ€,ÔÑ\R AØ'\Ñò òÑ€ÑÑ7€’ˆˆddÈ7Ñ›Þ ÞÌIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌAT€JACKSONÌÌÙ€ÙœßR€/0.A1-j|L` Å `€€@ÿRß›JUNE€SESSION,€1998ÌÌÌÓ  ÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à à)à àC.C.A.€NO.€02C01„9711„CC„00447Ìà àà àà àà àà à)ó óÌà àAppellee,à àà àà àò ò)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àHARDIN€COUNTYÌVS.à àà àà àà àà à)à àÌà àà àà àà àà à)à àHON.€C.€CREED€McGINLEYó óÌò òJASON€W.€KIMBERLAND,ó óà àò ò)à àJUDGEó óÌà àà àà àà àà àò ò)ó óÌà àAppellant.à àà àà àò ò)à àó ó(First€Degree€Felony„Murder)ò òÌó óÌÌÓ  Óò òON€APPEAL€FROM€THE€JUDGMENT€OF€THEÌCIRCUIT€COURT€OF€HARDIN€COUNTYó óÌÌÌÓ  ÓòòFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:à àà àà àòòFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:ÌÌRON€E.€HARMONà àà àà àJOHN€KNOX€WALKUPÌ618€Main€Streetà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌSavannah,€TN€38372Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àPETER€M.€COUGHLANÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à425€5th€Avenue€NorthÌà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àROBERT€RADFORDÌà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àJOHN€OVERTONÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à2nd€Floor,€Hardin€County€CourthouseÌà àà àà àà àà àà àSavannah,€TN€38372ÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED€________________________ÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌDAVID€H.€WELLES,€JUDGEÇÓ  ÓÔ€,°Ôò òòòÑ7€ácXXdðˆˆd7ÑOPINIONóóó óÔ€,ŠÔÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓÓÓà àThe€Defendant,€Jason€W.€Kimberland,€appeals€as€of€right€pursuant€toÏTennessee€Rule€of€Appellate€Procedure€3(b)€the€final€judgment€of€conviction€ofÏfelony€murder.€€Defendant€asserts€on€appeal€that€insufficient€evidence€existedÏby€which€the€jury€found€him€guilty€of€attempted€robbery,€the€felony€upon€whichÏhis€felony€murder€conviction€was€based.€€We€conclude€that€the€record€containsÏsufficient€evidence€to€support€a€jury€finding€of€attempted€robbery,€and€weÏtherefore€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.€ÌÌà àIn€July€1996,€Defendant€was€indicted€by€the€Hardin€County€Grand€JuryÏon€charges€of€first€degree€murder€in€violation€of€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ððÏ39„13„202(a)(2)€and€conspiracy€to€commit€aggravated€robbery€in€violation€ofÏTennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€39„12„103.€€The€State€voluntarily€withdrew€theÏcharge€of€conspiracy€prior€to€jury€selection,€Defendant€was€convicted€of€firstÏdegree€felony€murder€by€a€jury€in€the€Circuit€Court€for€Hardin€County,€and€aÏsentence€of€life€imprisonment€was€entered€into€judgment€on€April€11,€1997.€ÏDefendantððs€Motion€for€New€Trial€and€Amended€Motion€for€New€Trial€wereÏtogether€denied€by€the€trial€court,€and€Defendant€timely€appealed.€€ÌÌà àDefendantððs€sole€issue€for€review€by€this€Court€is€whether€the€evidenceÏat€trial€was€sufficient€to€permit€the€jury€to€find€him€guilty€of€the€underlying€felony€ofÏattempted€robbery.€€Defendant€admits€he€killed€the€victim€in€this€case€but€deniesÏhe€committed€attempted€robbery,€asserting€that€he€did€not€take€the€requisiteÏð ðsubstantial€stepðð€toward€accomplishing€the€robbery.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÏ39„12„101(a)(3).€€à à€€€ÌÌà àBefore€addressing€the€merits€of€Defendantððs€argument,€we€must€assessÏthe€appropriate€standard€of€review.€€Tennessee€Rule€of€Appellate€ProcedureÏ13(e)€prescribes€that€ð ð[f]indings€of€guilt€in€criminal€actions€whether€by€the€trialÏcourt€or€jury€shall€be€set€aside€if€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€findingÏby€the€trier€of€fact€of€guilt€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.ðð€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e).€ÏIn€addition,€because€conviction€by€a€trier€of€fact€destroys€the€presumption€ofÏinnocence€and€imposes€a€presumption€of€guilt,€a€convicted€criminal€defendantÏbears€the€burden€of€showing€that€the€evidence€was€insufficient.€€òòMcBee€v.ÏStateóó,€372€S.W.2d€173,€176€(Tenn.€1963);€òòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Evansóó,€838ÏS.W.2d€185,€191€(Tenn.€1992)€(citing€òòState€v.€Graceóó,€493€S.W.2d€474,€476Ï(Tenn.€œ1976),›€and€òòState€v.€Brownóó,€551€S.W.2d€329,€331€(Tenn.€1977));€òòState€v.ÏTuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982);€òòHolt€v.€Stateóó,€357€S.W.2d€57,€61Ï(Tenn.€1962).€€ÌÌà àIn€its€review€of€the€evidence,€an€appellate€court€must€afford€the€State€ð ðtheÏstrongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€as€well€as€all€reasonable€andÏlegitimate€inferences€that€may€be€drawn€therefrom.ðð€€òòTuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€at€914Ï(citing€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978)).€€The€court€mayÏnot€ð ðre„weigh€or€re„evaluate€the€evidenceðð€in€the€record€below,€òòEvansóó,€838ÏS.W.2d€at€191€(Tenn.€1992)€(citing€òòCabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€at€836));€likewise,Ïshould€the€reviewing€court€find€particular€conflicts€in€the€trial€testimony,€the€courtÏmust€resolve€them€in€favor€of€the€jury€verdict€or€trial€court€judgment.€€òòTuggleóó,€639ÏS.W.2d€at€914.€ÌÌà àAs€noted€above,€Defendant€argues€that€the€evidence€was€insufficient€toÏconvict€him€of€felony€murder€because€it€was€insufficient€to€find€him€guilty€of€theÏunderlying€felony;€he€does€not€contest€the€sufficiency€of€evidence€brought€by€theÏState€to€demonstrate€that€he€killed€the€victim.€€Precisely,€Defendant€maintainsÏthat€the€jury€could€not€have€found€that€he€committed€a€substantial€step€towardÏattempted€robbery,€in€satisfaction€of€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€39„12„101(a)(3).€€In€his€words,€the€ð ðfact„finder€does€not€enjoy€untrammeled€discretion€inÏdeciding€whether€a€defendantððs€acts€constitute€a€substantial€stepðð;€rather,€ð ðthatÏdiscretion€is€sharply€limitedðð€by€the€statutory€requirement€that€a€defendantððs€entireÏcourse€of€conduct€be€corroborative€of€the€intent€to€commit€a€felony.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€39„12„101(b).€€Because€he€did€not€actually€rob€the€victim,ÍDefendant€argues,€his€entire€course€of€action€was€not€corroborative€of€the€intentÏto€rob€the€victim.€ÌÌà àThe€proof€at€trial€concerning€attempted€robbery,€much€of€which€derivesÏfrom€Defendantððs€own€testimony,€showed€that€Lloyd€Ferrell,€DefendantððsÏsupplier€of€drugs,€confronted€Defendant€with€a€proposal:€to€rob€Ferrellððs€elderlyÏaunt€and€uncle€and€split€the€proceeds.€€Ferrell€informed€him€that€the€couple€hadÏsaved€as€much€as€possibly€$150,000,€all€of€which€was€hidden€in€their€home.€ÏFerrell€further€claimed€that€his€aunt€and€uncle€had€neither€a€telephone€nor€a€gun.€ÏHe€suggested€that€Defendant€break€into€the€house,€bind€the€couple€with€ductÏtape,€and€rob€them.€€Initially,€Defendant€resisted€the€idea€and€his€girlfriendÏbegged€him€not€to€become€involved€in€the€plan;€however,€Ferrell€ultimatelyÏpersuaded€him€to€agree.€€ÌÌà àIn€the€early€morning€hours€of€March€27,€1996,€Ferrell€picked€up€DefendantÏin€his€car€and€gave€him€four€ten„milligram€tablets€of€Valium,€which€DefendantÏingested.€€Defendant€wore€camouflage€clothing€and€a€dark€ski€mask€thatÏcovered€his€face;€and€he€carried€a€loaded€.380€caliber€pistol€provided€to€him€byÏFerrell.€€Ferrell€left€him€at€the€house€before€daylight,€but€Defendant€chose€to€waitÏbehind€a€tree€in€the€yard€until€dawn.€€Unbeknownst€to€Defendant,€the€victimððsÏwife€spotted€Defendant€hiding€behind€the€tree€and€wakened€her€husband.€€TheÍvictim€obtained€his€shotgun€just€before€Defendant€entered€the€home;€and€whenÏDefendant€forcibly€entered€by€breaking€down€the€door€of€the€house,€the€victimÏpointed€the€shotgun€at€him.€€Upon€seeing€the€victim€with€a€gun,€Defendant€leftÏimmediately;€but€he€fired€five€shots€into€the€home,€one€of€which€killed€the€victim.€ÏDefendant€was€shortly€taken€into€custody€close€to€the€crime€scene.€ÌÌà àOur€supreme€court€recently€interpreted€ð ðsubstantial€step€toward€theÏcommission€of€the€offenseðð€within€the€meaning€of€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ððÏ39„12„101(a)(3)€and€(b).€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Reevesóó,€916€S.W.2d€909€(Tenn.€1996);Ïòòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Billie€Austinóó,€C.C.A.€No.€03C01„9601„CC„00023,€CumberlandÏCounty,€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Knoxville,€Feb.€11,€1997),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóóÏ(Tenn.€1997)€(following€òòReevesóó€to€find€a€œsubstantial›€œstep›€where€defendantÏpoured€kerosene€on€and€around€victim€and€attempted€to€light€cigarette€lighter).€ÏòòBut€seeóó€òòState€v.€Charles€D.€Fowleróó,€C.C.A.€No.€01C01„9608„CC„00363,€CoffeeÏCounty€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Nashville,€Dec.€17,€1997)€(finding€no€substantial€stepÏtoward€ð ðsexual€penetrationðð€for€attempted€statutory€rape€where€defendantÏmerely€paid€money€and€expressed€desire€to€have€sex€with€boy).€€ÌÌà àIn€òòReevesóó,€two€twelve„year„old€girls€agreed€over€the€telephone€to€kill€theirÏteacher€with€poisonð"ða€plan€which€was€communicated€with€anotherÏschoolmate.€€òòReevesóó,€916€S.W.2d€at€910.€€One€of€the€girls€brought€rat€poison€toÍschool€in€her€purse,€and€both€took€the€purse€to€their€teacherððs€desk.€€òòId.óó€€TheÏteacher€entered€the€room€and€observed€the€girls€leaning€over€her€desk;€they€thenÏreturned€to€their€seats.€€òòId.óó€€Although€the€girls€had€not€placed€the€poison€into€herÏdrink,€they€left€the€purse€beside€the€teacherððs€coffee€cup€and€the€poison€wasÏlater€discovered€in€the€purse.€€òòId.óó€Ìà àÌà àThe€òòReevesóó€court€concluded€that€the€actions€constituted€a€substantialÏstep€toward€commission€of€second€degree€murder€and€held€thatÌÓÓà8 àwhen€an€actor€possesses€materials€to€be€used€in€the€commissionÏof€a€crime,€at€or€near€the€scene€of€the€crime,€and€where€theÏpossession€of€those€materials€can€serve€no€lawful€purpose€of€theÏactor€under€the€circumstances,€the€jury€is€entitled,€but€not€required,€toÏfind€that€the€actor€has€taken€a€ð ðsubstantial€stepðð€toward€theÏcommission€of€the€crime€if€such€action€is€strongly€corroborative€ofÏthe€actorððs€overall€criminal€purpose.ÌÌÓÓòòId.óó€at€914.€€The€supreme€court€recognized€that€the€language€of€this€stateððsÏð ðattemptðð€statute€is€derived€from€the€Model€Penal€Code€(MPC);€and€although€itÏspecifically€declined€to€adopt€the€interpretations€of€ð ðsubstantial€stepðð€containedÏwithin€the€text€of€the€MPC,€the€court€conspicuously€relied€upon€two€whenÏfashioning€the€òòReevesóó€holding.€€These€interpretations€are€pertinent€in€this€caseÏas€well:ÌÓÓà8 àConduct€shall€not€be€held€to€constitute€a€substantial€step€.€.€.Ïunless€it€is€strongly€corroborative€of€the€actorððs€criminal€purpose.€ÏWithout€negativing€the€sufficiency€of€other€conduct,€the€following,€ifÏstrongly€corroborative€of€the€actorððs€criminal€purpose,€shall€not€beÏheld€insufficient€as€a€matter€of€law:Ìà8 àà à.€.€.Ìà8 àà à(e)€possession€of€materials€to€be€employed€in€theÏcommission€of€the€crime,€which€are€specially€designed€for€suchÏunlawful€use€or€which€can€serve€no€lawful€purpose€of€the€actorÏunder€the€circumstances;€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ïà à(f)€possession,€collection€or€fabrication€of€materials€to€beÏemployed€in€the€commission€of€the€crime,€at€or€near€the€placeÏcontemplated€for€its€commission,€where€such€possession,€collectionÏor€fabrication€serves€no€lawful€purpose€of€the€actor€under€theÏcircumstances.ÌÌÓÓModel€Penal€Code€ðð€5.01(2)(e)„(f).ÌÌà àIn€the€case€at€bar,€Defendant€admitted€to€carrying€a€loaded€.380€weaponÏin€furtherance€of€his€intent€to€robð"ðto€frighten€the€victim€into€submission.€€He€heldÏthe€gun€in€his€hand€as€he€broke€down€the€door€to€enter€the€victimððs€home,€andÏhe€ultimately€used€the€gun.€€Furthermore,€Defendant€carried€duct€tape€in€hisÏpocket€for€the€specific€purpose€of€binding€the€victim€and€his€wife€in€furtherance€ofÏthe€intended€robbery.€€In€light€of€the€Defendantððs€statements€regarding€the€ductÏtape,€we€need€not€hypothesize€whether€he€could€have€possessed€it€for€someÏlawful€purposeð"ðhe€has€admitted€his€objective.€€We€conclude€that€a€jury€wasÏentitled€to€find€that€Defendant€committed€a€substantial€step€toward€theÏcommission€of€robbery.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Mack€Devaneyóó,€C.C.A.€No.€03C01„9407„CR„00246,€Roane€County€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Knoxville,€Sept.€9,€1996),€òòperm.€toÏappeal€deniedóó€(Tenn.€1997)€(jury€could€find€substantial€step€where€defendantÍwrote€ð ðhold„up€note,ðð€carried€gun,€wore€trenchcoat€and€dark€glasses,€andÏwaited€at€door€of€jewelry€store).ÌÌà àOur€analysis€need€not€end€here,€however,€because€the€facts€of€this€caseÏprovide€abundant€support€for€this€conclusion.€€Two€other€factors€cited€by€theÏdrafters€of€the€Model€Penal€Code€that€evince€a€substantial€step€towardÏcommission€of€a€felony€are€present€in€this€case€as€well:€ð ðlying€in€wait,€searchingÏfor€or€following€the€contemplated€victim€of€the€crime,ðð€and€ð ðunlawful€entry€of€aÏstructure,€vehicle€or€enclosure€in€which€it€is€contemplated€that€the€crime€will€beÏcommitted.ðð€œModel€Penal€Code€ðð›€5.01(2)(a),€(d).€€Here,€Defendant€emerged€fromÏthe€car€before€dawn€and€waited€behind€a€tree€in€the€victimððs€backyard€for€aÏperiod€of€time€until€daylight€in€a€dark€ski€mask.× ƒ1 ××  ×€€He€then€drew€his€weapon,Ïbroke€down€the€door€of€the€home,€and€entered.€€This€is€additional€evidence€byÏwhich€a€trier€of€fact€could€find€that€Defendant€took€a€substantial€step€toward€theÏcommission€of€robbery.€€ÌÌà àDefendant€argues€that€although€such€a€finding€by€the€jury€ð ðwould€appearÏto€be€consonant€with€the€policy€considerations€outlined€in€òòReevesóó,ðð€he€did€not,€inÍfact,€take€that€substantial€step€because€his€ð ðentire€course€of€actionðð€was€notÏð ðcorroborative€of€the€intentðð€to€rob,€as€required€by€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ððÏ39„12„101(b).€€We€cannot€accept€this€argument.€€Defendant€admits€in€his€briefÏto€this€Court€that€he€possessed€the€intent€to€rob€prior€to€and€after€entering€theÏvictimððs€home.€€However,€Defendant€argues€that€because€he€turned€and€ranÏaway€upon€encountering€the€victim€with€a€shotgun,€rather€than€continuing€theÏrobbery€or€returning€and€re„entering€the€home,€he€ð ðabandoned€his€plan€to€commitÏthe€robbery€at€that€point.ðð€€We€disagree€and€conclude€that€Defendant€does€notÏinsulate€himself€from€committing€a€ð ðsubstantial€stepðð€by€taking€an€affirmative€self„preservation€action.€€Even€when€a€person€fails€to€actually€complete€the€felonyÏfor€voluntary€reasons,€such€conduct€does€not€preclude€a€òòcompletedóó€course€ofÏaction€representing€an€inchoate€crime.€€ÌÌà àAlthough€the€term€ð ðsubstantial€stepðð€has€not€been€interpretedÏexhaustively€by€the€courts€of€this€state,€we€believe€that,€in€addition€to€theÏforegoing€analysis,€we€ð ðknow€it€when€[we]€see€it.ðð€€òòSeeóó€òòJacobellis€v.€Ohioóó,€378ÏU.S.€184,€197€(1964)€(Stewart,€J.,€concurring).€€We€believe€we€clearly€see€itÏhere.€€Defendant€in€this€case€took€a€substantial€step€toward€the€commission€ofÏrobbery.€€ÌÌà àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.€€€€€€€ÌÌÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà à_______________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àDAVID€H.€WELLES,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ__________________________ÌPAUL€G.€SUMMERS,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌ__________________________ÌJOE€E.€RILEY,€JUDGEÌ