ÿWPC ùĤÇG{í¼j‘iñ“©R”wlº½vº_(2b{Û?‡G²lÓ ý°‚ÃÛ39 ç¬=tÇäØaguq¥N™û†,žX– C$û6eÞû¦Õ÷´žöêéèr¡V@»r²z|ýÕDD(~Ú“f,Ûì œ³kD+£æËnâ;†ÕY»9H‰+˜3Éûªu@Za)9çM'¡úwàçˆUiÙ+EÐÀÔ¢³|üÃ^8/ b;ÚqqŽËQ€Ë25 ?ß‘zÊ^ETÝÓ Þ•¹Ìy4Jf?²$ike Ä’ðÐXi|„€ t€#‹¼}¡ãs³DtLÛ†æ{Ù:·¸îï#L)ü’C{I¼ƒ,ÝdÀDœ©=e6?ò'VîWi£(=¹MËEt3W/¢ÚµL 7Ã"ÐýûŸx$ççmj!¼ëé!®m1_µ V<ê†Åú¦¦°Œ¸Dô¯_2àÚ«ÞX[ÂóÄã’ÚšÃàácn|Oñ”êÛk5]*2½Dë æL{¥žEü8îX&]V˜Ð¸óÒm{ÐËѦµ:ö¯âˆ ,çâ6†Ìè¾”j¾ç.¸þ÷·ùe:*ˆÙzŒªKÛ^Œ<Õyär "b#Á\ % UN# 0ˆq UNù ^ G wS zW ÒÑ 4£ · Æ mÈ Æß Æ¥ Æk Æ1÷Nÿ Eb                                     0ë Büü 0¤ D3½ D-ð 0K AShÆ» 0¤ 0D% A«i˜HP LaserJet 4050 Series PCL 5eÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0»(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman Regular(`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular%’+  ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptÖJ~'d¹¢k2dÜ 3|x ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 H- ù-(|G2¾ÿ$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€VÕ»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôïýò»»Ô d(|3G$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€VÕ»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3G$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€VÕ»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€VÕ»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼VÕ»»»ÔÑ8€©XXdì»»d8Ñà@ttìàÔ‡îYäVÕÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@kk$ìàAT€NASHVILLEÔ#†¼VÕ»îîYä #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àà @ àAssigned€on€Briefs€June€20,€2001Ð üL ÐÔ‡X©X»¼VÕÔÌò òÔ#†¼VÕ»XX©(#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóó€v.€PATRICK€KOSSOWòòóóÔ‡X©X»¼VÕÔó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò ò€Appeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Warren€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€F„7839€€€€€€Charles€D.€Ô_ÔHastonÔ_Ô,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€M2000„01871„CCA„R3„CD€„€Filed€August€23,€2001Ð ¥õ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó ó€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð ŒÜ  Ðò òÔ‡X©XXX©ÔÔ#†¼VÕ»XX©ž#ÔÔ‡X©X»¼VÕÔó ó¹Ó  ÓDefendant€entered€pleas€of€guilty€to€the€rape€of€a€child€in€Counts€1,€6,€and€7€of€the€indictment€andÐ d´ Ðin€Count€3,€a€plea€of€guilty€to€aggravated€sexual€battery.€€At€the€conclusion€of€a€sentencing€hearing,Ð P  Ðthe€trial€court€imposed€sentences€of€24€years€for€each€count€of€rape€of€a€child€and€12€years€for€theÐ <Œ Ðoffense€of€aggravated€sexual€battery.€€The€trial€court€ordered€that€the€sentences€be€servedÐ (x Ðconsecutively,€resulting€in€a€sentence€of€84€years.€€On€direct€appeal,€Defendant€asserts€that€the€trialÐ d Ðcourt€erred€in€imposing€an€inappropriate€sentence€on€each€count€and€erred€in€imposing€consecutiveÐ P Ðsentencing€on€all€charges.€€After€a€review€of€the€record,€we€affirm€the€trial€courtððs€judgment.Ð ì< ÐÔ#†¼VÕ»XX©³#ÔÔ#†¼VÕ»»¼VÕq#ÔÔ‡X©X»¼VÕÔÌò òÓ  ÓTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3;€Judgment€of€the€Circuit€Court€is€Affirmed.ó óÐ Ä ÐÌòòÔ#†¼VÕ»àX©n #ÔÔ‡X©X.¼VÕÔÓ  ÓL.€Terry€Lafferty,€Sr.€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòDavid€G.€Hayes,€J.,óó€andÐ œì ÐòòThomas€T.€Ô_ÔWoodallÔ_Ô,€J.óó,€joined.Ð ˆØ ÐÌDan€T.€Bryant,€McMinnville,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Patrick€Ô_ÔKossowÔ_Ô.Ð `° ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Laura€Ô_ÔMcMullenÔ_Ô€Ford,€Assistant€AttorneyÐ 8!ˆ  ÐGeneral;€and€Dale€Potter,€District€Attorney€General,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð $"t! ÐÌà@66'ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼VÕ»XX© #ÔÔ‡X©X»¼VÕԈРü#L# ÐÌòòà  àóóÔ#†¼VÕ»XX©Ù #ÔÔ‡¼VÕ»»¼VÕÔÔ€X©X»¼VÕÔThe€March€1999€session€of€the€Warren€County€Grand€Jury€indicted€Defendant€in€sevenÐ Ô%$!% Ðcounts€of€rape€of€a€child€and€five€counts€of€exploitation.€€On€March€31,€2000,€Defendant€enteredÐ À&"& Ðthree€pleas€of€guilty€to€rape€of€a€child€in€Counts€1,€6,€and€7,€and€one€plea€of€guilty€to€aggravatedÐ ¬'ü"' Ðsexual€battery€in€Count€5.€€In€Count€1,€Defendant€admitted€to€rape€of€a€child,€TLP,€age€10,€inÐ ˜(è#( ÐOctober€1996.€€In€Count€5,€Defendant€admitted€he€did€intentionally€touch€the€intimate€parts€of€KT,Ð „)Ô$) Ða€child,€age€10,€in€June€1998.€€As€to€Count€6,€Defendant€admitted€to€sexual€intercourse€with€CAT,Ð p*À%* Ða€child,€age€6,€in€August€1998.€€And€in€Count€7,€Defendant€had€sexual€intercourse€with€CAT,€a€child,Ð \+¬&+ Ðage,€7€in€January€1999.€€All€of€these€offenses€occurred€in€Defendantððs€residence.€€Defendant€was€aÐ H,˜', Ðfriend€of€the€childrenððs€parents€and€the€children€had€been€left€in€his€custody€while€they€worked.€€InÐ 4-„(-ý Ðconsideration€of€Defendantððs€guilty€plea€in€four€cases,€the€other€counts€would€be€dismissed.€Ð ° ÐDefendant€requested€a€sentencing€hearing€for€the€trial€court€to€determine€an€appropriate€sentence€forÐ œì Ðeach€offense.€à ` àÔ_ÔÐ ˆØ ÐÔ_Ôà  àà ` àà ¸ àÌÓ  ÓSENTENCING€HEARINGÐ `° ÐÌÓ  Óà  àÔ_ÔDerwinÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔAdcockÔ_Ô,€an€investigator€for€the€McMinnville€Police€Department,€testified€that€heÐ 8 ˆ Ðtalked€to€the€children€involved€in€these€offenses€and€based€upon€what€they€told€him,€he€obtained€aÐ $ t Ðsearch€warrant€for€Defendantððs€residence.€€Officer€Adcock€recovered€some€magazines€such€asÐ  ` Ðð ðòòPlayboyóó,ðð€some€pornography€usually€bought€at€adult„type€bookstores,€a€video€camera,€still€camerasÐ ü L  Ðand€some€plastic€tubing.€€These€items€were€described€by€the€children€as€being€used€by€Defendant€inÐ è 8  Ðphotographing€them€in€the€nude€and€tying€the€children€up€while€sex€acts€were€performed€on€them.€Ð Ô$  ÐOffice€Adcock€found€some€photographs€in€a€suitcaseÔ#†X©XXX©D #Ô€of€nude€young€females.€€The€nude€photographsÐ À  Ðwere€of€other€unknown€females.€€When€Officer€Adcock€talked€to€Defendant,€Defendantððs€answersÐ ¬ü  Ðto€questions€seemed€appropriate€under€the€circumstances.€€Although,€the€children€told€OfficerÐ ˜è  ÐAdcock€that€Defendant€had€taken€videos€of€them,€he€did€not€find€any€such€videos€during€his€search.Ð „Ô  ÐWhen€Officer€Adcock€went€to€Defendantððs€residence,€a€note€was€taped€to€the€front€door€stating,Ð pÀ Ðð ðGone€for€the€summer,€will€be€back.ðð€€Office€Adcock€put€out€a€broadcast€for€Defendant€who€wasÐ \¬ Ðfound€at€a€local€pawn€shop.€Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àBrenda€Thomas,€mother€of€the€three€girls,€stated€that€she€and€her€husband€had€been€marriedÐ  p Ðfor€six€years.€€They€had€a€six„month€old€child.€€She€stated€that€she€had€a€daughter,€TLP,€age€8€at€theÐ  \ Ðtime€of€the€offense,€and€two€stepdaughters,€KT,€age€11,€and€CAT,€age€8.€€When€she€and€her€husbandÐ øH Ðwere€married€in€1994,€Defendant€was€an€acquaintance€of€her€husband€and€on€occasion,€DefendantÐ ä4 Ðlived€in€their€home.€€Defendant€obtained€some€disability€benefits€and€did€not€work.€€While€Mrs.Ð Ð  ÐThomas€worked,€Defendant€would€take€care€of€the€children€during€the€school€year.€€Mrs.€ThomasÐ ¼  Ðadvised€the€children€that€they€must€obey€Defendant€or€she€would€punish€them€for€any€misbehavior.€Ð ¨ø ÐMrs.€Thomas€learned€about€the€abuse€of€her€children€from€her€mother€who€had€been€told€by€TLPÐ ”ä Ðwhat€Defendant€had€been€doing€to€them.€€Mrs.€Thomas€called€her€mother„in„law€who€lived€close€byÐ €Ð ÐDefendant€and€had€her€pick€up€one€of€the€girls€from€the€Defendantððs€care.€€However,€Defendant€wasÐ l¼ Ðnot€at€home,€but€showed€up€later€with€the€child.€€She€stated€that€TLP€was€taken€to€the€hospital€andÐ X ¨ Ðbecame€scared€that€Defendant€would€see€their€car€and€know€she€had€told€them.€€The€children€haveÐ D!” Ðbeen€in€counseling€for€seven€months€to€a€year.€€According€to€Mrs.€Thomas,€Defendant€could€manageÐ 0"€  Ðhis€money€and€his€house€and€the€children€came€to€love€him.€€She€admitted€that€she€informed€RebeccaÐ #l! ÐSmith,€an€employee€of€the€Department€of€Mental€Health,€that€she€always€felt€comfortable€with€herÐ $X" Ðchildren€around€Defendant.€€As€to€Defendantððs€psychiatric€condition,€Mrs.€Thomas€testified€thatÐ ô$D # ÐDefendant€had€gone€to€a€doctor€trying€to€get€out€of€paying€child€support€and€he€told€them€that€he€wasÐ à%0!$ Ðgoing€to€shoot€Ronald€McDonald.€€This€occurred€before€the€child€abuse€was€discovered.€€Mrs.Ð Ì&"% ÐThomas€was€vague€as€to€Defendantððs€medication,€but€she€stated,€ð ðhe€was€playing.€€He€told€us€whatÐ ¸'#& Ðhe€was€going€to€go€do€before€he€done€it€to€get€out€of€his€child€support.ðð€€However,€she€admittedÐ ¤(ô#' ÐDefendant€had€gone€to€the€Mental€Tennessee€Health€Center.€Ð )à$( Ðâ âÐ |*Ì%) Ðà  àTLP€testified€that€she€is€11€years€old€and€has€known€Defendant€for€four€years.€€DefendantÐ ° Ðâ âwould€babysit€for€her€and€take€care€of€her€when€her€parents€were€not€available.€€Her€parents€said€thatÐ œì Ðð ðif€we€don't€mind€him,€we€will€get€in€trouble.ðð€€Defendant€started€talking€about€sex€and€asked€themÐ ˆØ Ðto€perform€sex€acts.€€This€started€with€him€telling€us€about€òòPlayboyóó€magazines€and€ð ðhow€we€couldÐ tÄ Ðbecome€one.ðð€€He€showed€the€victim€pictures€of€women€without€clothes.€€Also,€Defendant€wouldÐ `° Ðmake€her,€KT,€and€her€stepbrother,€Mickey,€age€9,€watch€movies€of€people€having€sex.€€DefendantÐ L œ Ðtold€them€ð ðthey€needed€to€do€what€they€were€doing€on€the€movies.ðð€€CAT€would€be€at€theirÐ 8 ˆ Ðgrandmother's€house€or€with€a€friend.€€She€stated€Defendant€made€them€play€ð ðstrip€poker.ðð€Ð $ t ÐSometime€after€her€sister,€ð ðTaterðð€was€born,€Defendant€asked€her€to€have€sex€with€him.€€This€wasÐ  ` Ðin€October€1996.€€Since€that€time,€Defendant€has€had€sex€with€her€several€times€a€week.€€She€wasÐ ü L  Ðalso€present€when€Defendant€had€sex€with€her€two€sisters.€€Defendant€would€perform€oral€sex€andÐ è 8  Ðput€his€fingers€in€CATððs€and€KT's€private€parts.€€Once,€Defendant€had€the€victim€smoke€someÐ Ô$  Ðmarijuana.€€Defendant€told€the€victims€that€if€they€told€anyone€he€would€kill€all€the€family€and€killÐ À  Ðthem.€€Defendant€also€told€the€victims€that€if€they€did€not€have€sex€with€him€he€would€do€the€sameÐ ¬ü  Ðto€ð ðTater,ðð€her€baby€sister.€Ð ˜è  ÐÌà  àHowever,€the€victim€told€her€cousins€during€a€game€called€ð ðdeepest€darkest€secrets,ðð€and€toldÐ pÀ Ðthem€to€tell€her€grandmother.€€After€she€told€her€cousins,€she€was€taken€to€the€hospital€and€becameÐ \¬ Ðafraid€Defendant€would€hurt€her.€€TLP€testified€that€she€attends€counseling,€suffers€nightmares€thatÐ H˜ Ðshe€will€be€raped€by€others,€and€was€harassed€at€school€about€being€raped.€€She€stated€that€DefendantÐ 4„ Ðtook€some€pictures€of€her,€but€they€were€not€developed.€Ð  p ÐÌà  àOn€his€own€behalf,€Defendant€testified€that€he€did€have€sexual€intercourse€with€KT,€CAT,Ð øH Ðand€TLP.€€These€acts€occurred€over€a€two€year€period,€beginning€in1996.€€Defendant€stated€that€whileÐ ä4 Ðin€the€ninth€grade€he€met€the€victimsðð€father,€Stan€Thomas,€in€school.€€Stan€is€the€father€of€KT€andÐ Ð  ÐCAT.€€It€was€after€Stan€married€Brenda€Thomas€that€these€incidents€occurred€between€him€and€theÐ ¼  Ðchildren.€€Defendant€testified€that€he€hurt€his€back€falling€off€a€truck€while€doing€forestry€work.€Ð ¨ø ÐDefendant€stated,€ð ðWell,€I€had€picked€the€children€up€to€watch€them€„„€to€go€to€my€house€and€hadÐ ”ä Ðsex€with€the€children.ðð€€Defendant€agreed€with€some€of€the€testimony€of€Brenda€Thomas€and€TLP,Ð €Ð Ðbut€not€all€of€it.€€According€to€Defendant€he€had€sex€with€TLP€once,€not€numerous€times€as€sheÐ l¼ Ðpreviously€stated.€€Defendant€stated€that€he€had€sex€with€CAT€twice,€and€touched€KT€in€a€sexualÐ X ¨ Ðmanner.€€KT€did€not€want€to€have€sex,€so€they€did€not.€€Defendant€denied€threatening€to€harm€or€killÐ D!” Ðthe€children€if€they€told€anyone,€but€did€tell€them€not€to€tell€anyone.€€Defendant€denied€that€he€tookÐ 0"€  Ðpictures€of€KT.€€He€had€taken€pictures€of€them,€but€they€were€not€naked.€€As€to€the€photographs€ofÐ #l! Ðunknown€females,€Defendant€stated€he€did€not€take€those€pictures€and€that€they€belonged€to€a€friendÐ $X" Ðwho€had€used€the€camera.€€Some€of€the€ð ðgirlyðð€magazines€were€given€to€Defendant€by€the€victimððsÐ ô$D # Ðfather,€Stan€Thomas.€€Defendant€testified€that€he€was€sorry€it€happened.€Ð à%0!$ ÐÌà  àDuring€cross„examination,€Defendant€testified€that€he€talked€to€TLP€about€sex€and€preparedÐ ¸'#& Ðher€for€sex.€€Sometimes€she€would€have€sex€with€Defendant€and€on€other€occasions€she€refused.€Ð ¤(ô#' ÐDefendant€denied€that€he€asked€her€to€smoke€marijuana.€€As€to€the€number€of€sexual€acts€with€TLP,€Ð )à$( ÐDefendant€stated€it€was€less€than€10.€€Defendant€stated€he€had€sex€with€KT€and€CAT€several€times.€Ð |*Ì%) ÐDefendant€could€not€state€why€he€had€sex€with€a€10€year€old€child.€€Defendant€denied€telling€anyoneÐ h+¸&* Ðabout€buried€weapons,€but€admitted€that€he€plotted€out€a€plan€to€blow€up€Center€Hill€Dam.€€He€statedÐ ° Ðthat€it€was€not€a€serious€plan.€€Defendant€stated€that€he€had€a€marijuana€conviction€in€1986€or€1987.€Ð œì ÐDefendant€heard€that€TLP€was€having€sex€with€a€cousin€called€ð ðT.ðð€€Defendant€did€advise€the€trialÐ ˆØ Ðcourt€that€he€had€sex€with€one€of€the€victims€in€the€presence€of€others.€Ð tÄ ÐÌà  àAt€the€conclusion€of€the€testimony,€the€trial€court€indicated€it€would€review€the€record€andÐ L œ Ðenter€a€sentencing€judgment.€€On€July€17,€2000,€the€trial€court€entered€such€order€setting€forth€itsÐ 8 ˆ Ðreasons€for€the€sentence€imposed.€€Defendant€requested€the€trial€court€to€consider€two€mitigatingÐ $ t Ðfactors:€(1)€the€Defendantððs€conduct€neither€caused€nor€threatened€serious€bodily€injury;€and€(2)€theÐ  ` ÐDefendant€suffered€from€a€mental€or€physical€condition€that€significantly€reduced€his€culpability.€Ð ü L  ÐThe€trial€court€found€both€factors€to€be€without€merit.€€Defendantððs€acts€of€penetrating€a€10€year€old,Ð è 8  Ðand€two€six€year€olds€over€an€extended€period€of€time,€followed€by€threats€of€harm€if€revealed,Ð Ô$  Ðnegates€factor€(1).€€The€pre„sentence€report€has€attached€psychiatric€and€medical€reports€whichÐ À  Ðdisprove€factor€(2).€€Furthermore,€no€impairment€of€any€kind€was€observed€by€the€trial€court€during€Ð ¬ü  ÐDefendantððs€plea€or€sentencing€hearing.€Ð ˜è  ÐÌà  àAs€to€enhancement€factors,€the€trial€court€found€five€enhancement€factors€applicable.Ð pÀ ÐEnhancement€factor€(1),€the€Defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€criminal€behavior€in€addition€toÐ \¬ Ðthose€necessary€to€establish€the€appropriate€range.€€Defendantððs€use€and€partaking€of€marijuanaÐ H˜ Ðduring€the€time€he€raped€the€three€children.€€Also,€Defendant€exposed€the€children€to€sexuallyÐ 4„ Ðoriented€and€explicit€videos€and€magazines,€and€had€the€children€engage€in€ð ðstrip€poker.ðð€€DefendantÐ  p Ðmolested€the€three€victims€over€a€two€year€period.€€Factor€(4),€a€victim€of€the€offense€was€particularlyÐ  \ Ðvulnerable€because€of€age€or€physical€or€mental€disability.€€The€trial€court€found€this€factor€especiallyÐ øH Ðapplicable€to€the€six€year€old€Ô_Ôvictim.Ô_Ô€€Defendantððs€size,€5€feet€9€inches€tall,€180€pounds,€inÐ ä4 Ðperforming€sex€acts€on€the€child€and€residual€effects€is€why€this€factor€had€merit.€€The€child€wasÐ Ð  Ðparticularly€vulnerable€because€of€the€elements€of€fear€and€intimidation,€his€threat€of€physical€harmÐ ¼  Ðfor€betraying€their€secrets€made€them€especially€susceptible€because€of€their€age.€€EnhancementÐ ¨ø Ðfactor€(6),€the€personal€injuries€inflicted€upon€the€victims€were€particularly€great.€€The€trial€courtÐ ”ä Ðfound€this€factor€applicable€due€to€the€size€of€Defendant,€his€age,€and€the€threat€of€such€an€invasionÐ €Ð Ðof€a€tiny€body€by€a€large€one€represents€a€substantial€risk€of€tearing,€to€say€nothing€of€the€possibilityÐ l¼ Ðof€a€disease.€€The€physical€and€emotional€damage€to€these€young€girls€cannot€be€calculated.€Ð X ¨ ÐDefendant€admitted€that€he€did€not€use€a€condom.€€Enhancement€factor€(7),€the€offense€involved€aÐ D!” Ðvictim€and€was€committed€to€gratify€€Defendantððs€desire€for€pleasure€or€excitement.€€The€trial€courtÐ 0"€  Ðrejected€Defendantððs€argument€that€this€factor€is€an€element€of€the€offense.€€The€trial€court€found€thatÐ #l! Ðin€the€instant€case,€the€acts€were€committed€upon€the€bodies€of€children€who€could€not€defendÐ $X" Ðthemselves€and€done€purely€out€of€a€perverted€need€to€gratify€and€excite€his€own€personal€needs€andÐ ô$D # Ðdesires.€€Although€this€factor€was€applicable€to€the€three€offenses€of€rape€of€a€child,€the€factor€wasÐ à%0!$ Ðnot€applicable€to€the€offense€of€aggravated€sexual€battery.€€It€was€part€of€Defendantððs€plan€to€gratifyÐ Ì&"% Ðhis€desire€for€pleasure€or€excitement€by€having€the€children€play€games,€pose€for€photographs€andÐ ¸'#& Ðwatch€sexually€explicit€videos.€€Enhancement€factor€(15),€the€Defendant€abused€a€position€of€€privateÐ ¤(ô#' Ðtrust.€€The€trial€court€found€this€factor€clearly€applicable,€in€that€Defendant€abused€his€position€ofÐ )à$( Ðbabysitting€and€used€this€trust€in€fulfilling€the€offenses.€Ð |*Ì%) ÐÐ h+¸&* Ðà  àBased€upon€Defendantððs€statement€in€the€pre„sentence€report,€the€trial€court€commented€that€Ð ° ÐDefendant€fell€within€the€top€of€the€range€offense.€€The€trial€court€found€it€was€necessary€to€imposeÐ œì Ðconsecutive€sentences€due€to€the€lurid€and€sickening€picture€as€described€by€the€victim€of€DefendantÐ ˆØ Ðbeing€a€skilled€and€determined€sexual€predator€involving€small€and€defenseless€children.€€CitingÐ tÄ ÐòòState€v.€Tayloróó,€739€S.W.2d€227€(Tenn.€1987).€Ð `° ÐÌÓ  ÓLEGAL€ANALYSISÐ 8 ˆ ÐÌÓ  Óà  àDefendant€asserts€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€imposing€inappropriate€sentences€in€threeÐ  ` Ðcounts€of€rape€of€a€child€and€one€count€of€aggravated€sexual€battery.€€In€his€assertion,€DefendantÐ ü L  Ðcontends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€rejecting€two€mitigating€factors€set€forth€in€Tennessee€CodeÐ è 8  ÐAnnotated€ðð€40„35„113,€and€that€the€trial€court€misapplied€four€enhancement€factors.€€DefendantÐ Ô$  Ðconcedes€that€the€trial€court€properly€considered€enhancement€factor€(15),€an€abuse€of€private€trust,Ð À  ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114.€Ð ¬ü  ÐÌÓ  ÓSTANDARD€OF€REVIEWÐ „Ô  ÐÌÓ  Óà  àWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€manner€of€service€of€a€sentence,€this€Court€has€a€duty€toÐ \¬ Ðconduct€a€òòde€novo€óóreview€of€the€sentence€with€a€presumption€that€the€determinations€made€by€theÐ H˜ Ðtrial€court€are€correct.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€€ðð€40„35„401€(d).€€This€presumption€is€ð ðconditioned€uponÐ 4„ Ðthe€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€allÐ  p Ðrelevant€facts€and€circumstances.ðð€€òòState€v.€Ashby,€óó823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).€Ð  \ ÐÌà  àWhen€conducting€a€òòde€novo€óóreview€of€the€sentence,€this€Court€must€consider:€(a)€theÐ ä4 Ðevidence,€if€any,€received€at€trial€and€sentencing€hearing;€(b)€the€pre„sentence€report;€(c)€theÐ Ð  Ðprinciples€of€sentencing€and€arguments€as€to€sentencing€alternatives;€(d)€the€nature€andÐ ¼  Ðcharacteristics€of€the€criminal€conduct€involved;€(e)€any€statutory€mitigating€and€enhancementÐ ¨ø Ðfactors;€(f)€any€statement€made€by€the€Defendant€regarding€sentencing;€and€(g)€the€potential€or€lackÐ ”ä Ðof€potential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€40„35„102,€„103,€„210;€òòState€v.Ð €Ð ÐThomas,€óó755€S.W.2d€838,€844€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988).€Ð l¼ ÐÌà  àIf€our€review€reflects€that€the€trial€court€followed€the€statutory€sentencing€procedure,€that€theÐ D!” Ðcourt€imposed€a€lawful€sentence€after€giving€due€consideration€and€proper€weight€to€the€factors€andÐ 0"€  Ðprinciples€set€out€under€the€sentencing€law,€and€that€the€trial€courtððs€findings€of€fact€are€adequatelyÐ #l! Ðby€the€record,€then€we€may€not€modify€the€sentence€even€if€we€would€have€preferred€a€differentÐ $X" Ðresult.€€òòState€v.€Fletcher,€óó805€S.W.2d€785,€789€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).€Ð ô$D # ÐÌà  àFor€imposition€of€Class€A€felony€sentence,€the€presumptive€sentence€shall€be€the€midpointÐ Ì&"% Ðof€the€range€if€there€are€no€enhancement€or€mitigating€factors.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(c).€Ð ¸'#& ÐFor€Class€B€felonies,€the€presumptive€sentence€shall€be€the€minium€sentence€in€the€range€if€there€areÐ ¤(ô#' Ðno€enhancement€or€mitigating€factors.€€òòId.€óó€It€is€agreed€in€the€record,€that€Defendant€is€a€Range€IÐ )à$( Ðoffender€for€the€offense€of€rape€of€a€child€and€aggravated€sexual€battery.€€Further,€Tennessee€CodeÐ |*Ì%) ÐAnnotated€ðð€40„35„210(e)€provides€in€pertinent€part:€ð ðShould€there€be€enhancement€and€mitigatingÐ h+¸&* Ðfactors€for€a€Class€A€felony,€the€court€must€start€at€the€midpoint€of€the€range,€enhance€the€sentenceÐ ° Ðwithin€the€range€as€appropriate€for€the€enhancement€factors,€and€then€reduce€the€sentence€within€theÐ œì Ðrange€as€appropriate€for€the€mitigating€factors.ðð€€Although,€Defendant€contends€the€trial€court€failedÐ ˆØ Ðto€comply€with€the€requirements€of€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€40„35„210(e),€thus,€theÐ tÄ Ðpresumption€of€correctness€does€not€apply.€€We€find€that€the€trial€court€complied€with€the€sentencingÐ `° Ðprinciples€of€the€1989€Sentencing€Reform€Act€and€conduct€our€review€with€a€presumption€ofÐ L œ Ðcorrectness.€Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌÓ  ÓMITIGATING€FACTORSÐ  ` ÐÌÓ  Óà  àDefendant€contends€that€the€trial€erred€in€rejecting€the€€mitigating€factor€that€DefendantððsÐ è 8  Ðconduct€did€not€cause€or€threaten€serious€bodily€injury.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(1).€Ð Ô$  ÐDefendant€would€assert€that€òòState€v.€Carico,€óó968€S.W.2d€280,€286€(Tenn.€1998)€supports€thisÐ À  Ðmitigating€factor.€€We€agree€with€the€State€that€this€assertion€is€misplaced.€€The€supreme€court€heldÐ ¬ü  Ðthat€the€acts€committed€did€not€pose€a€potential€for€bodily€injury,€nor€were€the€personal€injuriesÐ ˜è  Ðinflicted€upon€the€victim€particularly€great€.€.€.€but€the€evidence€did€not€show€that€the€victim€.€.€.Ð „Ô  Ðsustained€appreciable€personal€injuries€beyond€those€incidental€to€the€crime€of€aggravated€rape.€€TheÐ pÀ Ðfacts€in€òòCarico€óóconcerned€acts€of€fellatio€with€a€10€year€old,€rather€than€vaginal€penetration€of€twoÐ \¬ Ðsix€year€olds€and€one€10€year€old€girl.€€We€find€the€record€supports€denial€of€this€mitigating€factor.€Ð H˜ ÐAlthough,€there€is€no€proof€in€the€record€of€serious€bodily€injury€to€these€three€girls,€there€is€proofÐ 4„ Ðof€mental€anguish,€nightmares€and€harassment€by€schoolmates.€€The€definition€of€serious€bodilyÐ  p Ðinjury€encompasses€a€mental€element.€€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔHuddlestonÔ_Ô,€óóNo.€02C01„9706„CC„00228,€1998€WLÐ  \ Ð67684,€at€*3€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1998),€òòperm.€app.€denied,€óó(Tenn.€1998);€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔSuggsÔ_Ô,€óóNo.€M1999„Ð øH Ð02136„CCA„R3„CD,€2000€WL€1521481,€at€*1€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€2000).€Ð ä4 ÐÌà  àNext,€Defendant€asserts€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€rejecting€the€mitigating€factor€thatÐ ¼  ÐDefendant€was€suffering€from€a€mental€or€physical€condition€that€significantly€reduced€hisÐ ¨ø Ðculpability€for€the€offense.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(8).€€Based€upon€mental€health€reportsÐ ”ä Ðcompiled€at€Middle€Tennessee€Mental€Health€Institute,€Defendant€was€suffering€from€a€mentalÐ €Ð Ðillness€that€should€have€been€considered€in€assessing€an€appropriate€sentence.€€The€report€quotes:Ð l¼ Ðð ðMr.€Kossowððs€reasoning€and€judgment€appeared€impaired€in€light€of€his€tendency€to€make€repeatedÐ X ¨ Ðthreats€toward€the€federal€government.€€He€appeared€to€have€little€awareness€of€the€possibleÐ D!” Ðconsequence€of€making€such€statements€.€.€.€.€Mr.€Kossowððs€contact€with€reality€varied.ðð€€The€trialÐ 0"€  Ðcourt€rejected€this€mitigating€factor€based€on€the€pre„sentence€report€with€the€attached€mental€healthÐ #l! Ðreports€which€seem€to€dispute€Defendantððs€argument.€€Furthermore,€the€trial€court€observedÐ $X" ÐDefendantððs€demeanor€and€did€not€find€any€indication€of€mental€or€judgmental€problems.€Ð ô$D # ÐÌà  àA€summary€of€the€mental€health€reports€established€that€Defendant€had€two€admissions€toÐ Ì&"% Ðthe€Middle€Tennessee€Mental€Health€Institute€(ð ðÔ_ÔMTMHIÔ_Ôðð).€€The€first€in€November€1996,€due€toÐ ¸'#& Ðthreats€against€his€attending€psychiatrist€at€Ô_ÔHartonÔ_Ô€Hospital.€€Defendant€became€involved€with€theÐ ¤(ô#' Ðpolice€over€failure€to€pay€child€support€and€threatened€a€stand€off.€€Defendant€was€diagnosed€withÐ )à$( ÐBipolar€Affective€Disorder.€€During€1994€to€1998,€Defendant€was€seen€at€the€Harton€Hospital,Ð |*Ì%) ÐÔ_ÔTullahomaÔ_Ô,€Tennessee,€and€the€Cheer€Mental€Health€Center,€McMinnville,€Tennessee.€€In€AugustÐ h+¸&* Ð1999,€Defendant€was€sent€to€the€forensic€division€of€Ô_ÔMTMHIÔ_Ô€for€evaluation€of€competency€and€theÐ ° Ðpossibility€of€an€insanity€defense€due€to€the€charges.€€Defendant€suffered€from€alcohol€abuse€and€theÐ œì Ðuse€of€marijuana.€€In€the€reports,€there€are€statements€that€Defendant€threatened€the€federalÐ ˆØ Ðgovernment,€plotted€to€blow€up€the€Center€Hill€Dam,€and€being€a€member€of€the€Tennessee€NationalÐ tÄ ÐGuard.€€In€reality,€Defendant€was€a€member€of€a€volunteer€group€that€supported€the€National€Guard.Ð `° ÐThe€reports€reflect€that€MTMHI€was€aware€of€Defendantððs€conversations€with€Brenda€and€StanÐ L œ ÐThomas€about€evading€child€support€payments€and€the€suggestion€that€if€he€had€mental€problems€heÐ 8 ˆ Ðcould€avoid€these€problems.€€Ultimately,€Defendant€was€found€competent€to€stand€trial,€and€anÐ $ t Ðinsanity€defense€was€not€viable.€€However,€Defendant€needed€commitment€due€to€the€possibility€ofÐ  ` Ðdanger€to€himself€and€others.€€MTMHIððs€final€discharge€summary€indicated€there€were€anticipatedÐ ü L  Ðpost„discharge€problems:€noncompliance€with€treatment;€self„destructive€behavior;€substance€abuse;Ð è 8  Ðanti„social€behavior;€psychosis;€and€manipulative€behavior.€€From€our€review,€Defendantððs€mentalÐ Ô$  Ðhealth€indicates€some€impairment.€€However,€we€cannot€disagree€with€the€trial€courtððs€analysis.€€TheÐ À  Ðtrial€court€observed€Defendant€during€his€testimony.€€The€trial€court€found€some€of€DefendantððsÐ ¬ü  Ðtestimony€quite€truthful,€but€suspect€in€other€parts.€€The€trial€court€determined€that€DefendantððsÐ ˜è  Ðdemeanor€was€credible€and€found€no€mental€difficulties.€€We€cannot€dispute€the€trial€courtððsÐ „Ô  Ðfindings.€€There€is€no€merit€to€this€issue.€Ð pÀ ÐÌÓ  ÓENHANCEMENT€FACTORSÐ H˜ ÐÌÓ  Óà  àThe€trial€court€found€five€applicable€enhancement€factors,€one€of€which€the€State€did€notÐ  p Ðsubmit€for€consideration.€€Defendant€asserts€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€applying€four€of€theseÐ  \ Ðenhancement€factors,€but€Defendant€concedes€that€enhancement€factor€(15),€an€abuse€of€€private€trustÐ øH Ðis€applicable.€Ð ä4 ÐÌà  àDefendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€applying€enhancement€factor€(1),€theÐ ¼  ÐDefendant€has€a€previous€history€of€criminal€convictions€or€criminal€behavior€in€addition€to€thoseÐ ¨ø Ðnecessary€to€establish€the€appropriate€range.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(1).€€The€only€evidenceÐ ”ä Ðof€other€criminal€behavior€was€not€previous,€but€contemporaneous.€€This€argument€has€been€rejectedÐ €Ð Ðby€our€supreme€court.€€In€òòState€v.€Carico,€óó968€S.W.2d€at€288,€the€court€held€that€evidence€of€priorÐ l¼ Ðsexual€acts€with€a€10€year€old€child€was€properly€considered€by€the€trial€court€as€to€criminalÐ X ¨ Ðbehavior.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Hunter,€óó926€S.W.2d€744,€748€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995),€òòperm.€app.€deniedóó,Ð D!” Ð(Tenn.€1996).€€Defendantððs€engagement€of€numerous€sex€acts€over€a€two€year€period€with€threeÐ 0"€  Ðchildren,€coupled€with€the€use€of€marijuana,€exploitation€of€the€children€by€the€use€of€sexuallyÐ #l! Ðexplicit€videos€and€magazines€clearly€demonstrates€criminal€behavior.€€There€is€no€merit€to€thisÐ $X" Ðissue.Ð ô$D # ÐÌà  àDefendant€contends€that€there€is€no€proof€in€the€record€for€the€application€of€enhancementÐ Ì&"% Ðfactor€(7),€the€offense€was€committed€to€gratify€the€Defendantððs€pleasure€or€excitement,€to€enhance€Ð ¸'#& ÐDefendantððs€sentence.€€Further,€Defendant€submits€that€this€factor€is€part€of€the€offense€in€which€€heÐ ¤(ô#' Ðpled€guilty.€€In€òòState€v.€Arnettóó,€No.€E1998„00051„SC„R11„DC,€op.€11,€(Tenn.€2001),€the€SupremeÐ )à$( ÐCourt€held€that€the€application€of€factor€(7)€requires€the€State€to€provide€additional€objectiveÐ |*Ì%) Ðevidence€of€the€Defendant's€motivation€to€seek€pleasure€or€excitement€through€sexual€assault€.€.€.Ð h+¸&* Ðfactor€(7)€may€be€applied€with€evidence€including,€but€not€limited€to,€sexually€explicit€remarks€andÐ ° Ðovert€sexual€displays€made€by€Ô_ÔÔ_ÔÔ_ÔDefendant,Ô_Ô€such€as€fondling€or€kissing€the€victim€or€otherwiseÐ œì Ðbehaving€in€a€sexual€manner,€or€remarks€or€behavior€demonstrating€Ô_ÔÔ_ÔÔ_ÔDefendant'sÔ_Ô€enjoyment€of€theÐ ˆØ Ðsheer€violence€of€rape.€€Citing€òòState€v.€Alvaradoóó,€961€S.W.2d€136,€152€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð tÄ Ð1996)(applying€this€factor€where€Ô_ÔÔ_ÔÔ_ÔDefendantÔ_Ô€told€a€co„worker€that€he€was€going€to€go€out€and€getÐ `° Ðdrunk€and€have€sex€the€weekend€that€he€committed€aggravated€rape);€òòState€v.€Jonesóó,€953€S.W.2dÐ L œ Ð695,€699€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996)(applying€this€factor€where€Ô_ÔÔ_ÔÔ_ÔDefendantÔ_Ô€treated€his€daughter€as€ifÐ 8 ˆ Ðshe€were€his€girlfriend€by€wanting€her€to€enjoy€their€sexual€encounters€and€instructing€her€toÐ $ t Ðparticipate€by€moaning€and€acting€aroused).€€òòState€v.€Adams,€óó864€S.W.2d€31,€33€(Tenn.€1993);€òòStateÐ  ` Ðv.€Carico,€óó968€S.W.2d€at€286.€€We€agree€with€the€trial€court€that€Defendant€furthered€his€desire€forÐ ü L  Ðsexual€pleasure€and€gratification€by€enticing€these€small€girls€into€watching€sexually€explicit€videos,Ð è 8  Ðmagazines€and€playing€ð ðstrip€poker.ðð€€By€this€maneuvering,€Defendant€accomplished€his€goal€to€haveÐ Ô$  Ðthese€children€engage€in€sex€with€him.€€Ô_ÔClearly€we€findÔ_Ô€objective€evidence€supports€the€applicationÐ À  Ðof€this€factor€Ô_Ô(7).Ô_ԀР¬ü  ÐÌà  àNext,€Defendant€asserts€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€considering€enhancement€factor€(6),€theÐ „Ô  Ðpersonal€injuries€inflicted€upon€the€victim€was€particularly€Ô_Ôgreat.Ô_Ô€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113.€Ð pÀ ÐThe€only€proof€in€the€record€to€sustain€this€factor€was€the€testimony€of€the€mother€and€victim€ofÐ \¬ Ðnightmares.€€The€trial€court€found€that€the€Defendantððs€size,€5€feet€9€inches€tall,€180€pounds,€inÐ H˜ Ðrepeated€forced€entry€caused€great€personal€injury€in€that€this€created€a€substantial€risk€of€tearing,Ð 4„ Ðplus€the€physical€and€emotional€damage€cannot€be€calculated.€€The€State€counters€that€there€areÐ  p Ðadditional€facts€supporting€this€factor.€€Persistent€nightmares,€the€girls€memories€of€their€own€rapes,Ð  \ Ðwitnessing€the€rape€of€one€another,€being€tied€up€with€tubing€normally€used€in€an€aquarium,€and€thenÐ øH Ðtelling€TLP€he€would€have€sex€with€their€youngest€sister,€a€mere€infant.€€The€term€ð ðpersonal€injuryððÐ ä4 Ðas€used€in€enhancement€factor€(6)€is€broad€enough€to€embrace€the€emotional€injuries€andÐ Ð  Ðpsychological€scarring€sustained€by€a€victim€of€a€sexual€offense.€€òòState€v.€Melvin,€óó913€S.W.2d€195,Ð ¼  Ð203€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995);€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Griffis,€óó964€S.W.2d€577,€602€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997).€Ð ¨ø ÐHowever,€before€this€factor€may€be€used€to€enhance€a€sentence€within€the€appropriate€range,€theÐ ”ä ÐState€must€establish€that€the€emotional€injuries€and€psychological€scarring€are€ð ðparticularly€great.ðð€Ð €Ð ÐòòId.€€óóAlso,€in€òòState€v.€Arnett,€supra,óó€op.€9,€the€Supreme€Court€addressed€the€issue€of€the€quantum€ofÐ l¼ Ðproof€to€determine€enhancing€a€Defendant's€sentence€who€has€caused€ð ðparticularly€greatððÐ X ¨ Ðpsychological€injury;€ð ðalthough€we€agree€that€expert€proof€may€help€in€the€identification€ofÐ D!” Ðð ðparticularly€greatðð€psychological€injuries,€we€decline€to€òòrequireóó€(emphasis€added)€expert€proof.€Ð 0"€  ÐInstead,€we€hold€that€application€of€this€factor€is€appropriate€where€there€is€specific€and€objectiveÐ #l! Ðevidence€demonstrating€how€the€victim's€mental€injury€is€more€serious€and€more€severe€than€thatÐ $X" Ðwhich€normally€results€from€this€offense.€€Such€proof€may€be€presented€by€the€victim's€ownÐ ô$D # Ðtestimony,€as€well€as€the€testimony€of€witnesses€acquainted€with€the€victim.ðð€Ô_ÔÔ_ÔÐ à%0!$ ÐÌà  àThere€is€no€expert€testimony€commenting€on€emotional€or€psychological€scarring,€there€isÐ ¸'#& Ðevidence€in€the€record€of€the€affect€of€the€sexual€offenses€on€the€victims.€€The€mother€testified€as€toÐ ¤(ô#' Ðthe€nightmares,€TLPððs€concern€about€her€future,€fearfulness€toward€Defendant,€and€continuedÐ )à$( Ðcounseling€well€over€a€year€after€disclosure€of€the€sexual€offenses.€€Ô_ÔThe€child,€herself,€testified€asÐ |*Ì%) Ðto€the€affect€this€sexual€episode€has€on€her€life,€physically,€mentally,€and€at€school.€€TheÔ_Ô€trial€courtÐ h+¸&* Ðheard€the€testimony€of€the€witnesses€and€observed€the€demeanor€of€the€victim€who€testified.€€Thus,Ð ° Ðwe€must€give€great€weight€to€the€trial€courtððs€decision.€€We€cannot€disagree€with€the€trial€courtððsÐ œì Ðanalysis.€There€is€no€merit€to€this€issue.€Ð ˆØ ÐÌà  àNext,€Defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€applying€factor€(4),€in€that€the€victimÐ `° Ðwas€particularly€vulnerable€because€of€age€or€physical€or€mental€disability.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„Ð L œ Ð35„114€(Supp.€1995).€€Defendant€cites€òòState€v.€Lynn€Roosevelt€Hunt,€óó1986€Tenn.€Crim.€App.€LEXISÐ 8 ˆ Ð2494,€Coffee€County,€No.€86„107„III€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1986)€for€holding€that€the€ð ðage€of€the€childÐ $ t Ðwas€an€essential€element€in€making€this€case€of€aggravated€rape€and€cannot€be€used€to€furtherÐ  ` Ðenhance€the€punishment.ðð€€The€same€logic€should€apply€to€the€offense€of€rape€of€a€child€under€ageÐ ü L  Ð13.€€In€applying€this€factor,€the€trial€court€concluded€the€size€of€Defendant,€the€smallness€of€theÐ è 8  Ðchildren,€their€age,€the€elements€of€fear€and€intimidation€that€Defendant€exercised€over€them€as€aÐ Ô$  Ðbabysitter,€left€them€particularly€vulnerable.€€In€òòState€v.€Adams,€óó864€S.W.2d€31,€34€(Tenn.€1993),€ourÐ À  Ðsupreme€court€held€that€the€vulnerability€enhancement€in€factor€(4)€relates€more€to€the€naturalÐ ¬ü  Ðphysical€and€mental€limitations€of€the€victim€than€merely€to€the€victimððs€age.€€Therefore,€weÐ ˜è  Ðconclude€that€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€40„35„113(4)€can€be€considered€as€an€enhancementÐ „Ô  Ðfactor€in€cases€such€as€the€one€at€bar.€€The€supreme€court€set€forth€the€standards€to€determine€theÐ pÀ Ðfacts€in€an€aggravated€rape€case€where€this€enhancement€factor€maybe€applicable:€ð ðthe€factor€can€beÐ \¬ Ðused€in€an€aggravated€rape€case€if€the€circumstances€show€that€the€victim,€because€of€his€or€her€age,Ð H˜ Ðphysical€or€mental€condition,€was€in€fact€ð ðparticularly€vulnerable,ðð€i.e.,€incapable€of€resisting,Ð 4„ Ðsummoning€help,€or€testifying€against€the€perpetrator.ðð€€Other€factors€may€be€considered,€whetherÐ  p Ðthe€victimððs€age€(extremely€old€or€extremely€young)€is€entitled€to€additional€weight,€and€whether€theÐ  \ Ðvulnerability€of€victim€made€more€of€a€target€of€the€offense,€or€conversely€whether€the€offense€wasÐ øH Ðcommitted€in€such€a€manner€as€to€render€the€vulnerability€of€the€victim€irrelevant.€€òòState€v.Ð ä4 ÐMcConnell,€óóNo.€E1998„01288„CCA„CD,€2000€WL€688588€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€2000),€òòperm.€app.Ð Ð  Ðdenied,€óó(Tenn.€2001).€€We€agree€with€the€trial€courtððs€analysis€that€the€age€of€the€victims€and€theirÐ ¼  Ðrelationship€to€Defendant€made€them€especially€vulnerable.€€The€children€were€admonished€by€theirÐ ¨ø Ðparents€to€obey€Defendant€or€they€would€be€punished.€€Defendant€exploited€the€childrenððs€age€andÐ ”ä Ðposition€by€embarking€on€a€scheme€to€engage€the€children€in€sexual€acts,€which€were€apparentlyÐ €Ð Ðunknown€to€the€children€prior€to€their€seeing€the€magazines€and€videos.€€We€find€this€factor€isÐ l¼ Ðapplicable€to€the€facts€in€this€case.€€There€is€no€merit€to€this€issue.€Ð X ¨ ÐÌÓ  ÓCONSECUTIVE€SENTENCINGÐ 0"€  ÐÌÓ  Óà  àAlthough,€Defendant€concedes€that€some€of€the€sentences€are€subject€to€consecutiveÐ $X" Ðsentencing,€he€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€running€all€sentences€consecutive.€€MoreÐ ô$D # Ðparticularly,€Defendant€asserts€that€the€evidence€of€residual€emotional€damage,€as€used€by€the€trialÐ à%0!$ Ðcourt,€is€slight€at€best€to€support€consecutive€sentencing.€€The€Court€agrees€with€the€State€thatÐ Ì&"% ÐDefendant€complains€of€many€of€the€factors€used€to€enhance€the€sentences€were€considered€to€orderÐ ¸'#& Ðthe€sentences€to€be€served€consecutively.€€Thus,€Defendant€was€hit€with€a€ð ðdouble€whammy.ðð€Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÌà  àThe€fact€that€the€trial€court€used€some€of€the€enhancement€factors€to€increase€the€length€ofÐ |*Ì%) Ðthe€sentence€within€the€appropriate€range€does€not€bar€the€use€of€these€same€facts€in€determiningÐ h+¸&* Ðwhether€consecutive€sentencing€is€proper.€€òòState€v.€Melvin,€óó913€S.W.2d€195,€205€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð ° Ð1995);€òòState€v.€Hoyt,€óó928€S.W.2d€935,€949€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995);€òòState€v.€Meeks,€óó867€S.W.2dÐ œì Ð361,€377€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993),€òòperm.€app.€denied,€óó(Tenn.€1993);€òòState€v.€Lane,€óó3€S.W.3d€459,Ð ˆØ Ð460€(Tenn.€1999).€òò€óóÐ tÄ ÐÌà  àTennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€40„35„115(b)€provides:€The€court€may€order€sentences€to€runÐ L œ Ðconsecutively€if€the€court€finds€by€a€preponderance€of€the€evidence€that:Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌÔ_ÔÔ_Ôà8  à(5)€The€defendant€is€convicted€of€two€(2)€or€more€statutory€offenses€involving€sexualÐ  ` Ðabuse€of€a€minor€with€consideration€of€the€aggravating€circumstances€arising€fromÐ ü L  Ðthe€relationship€between€the€defendant€and€victim€or€victims,€the€time€span€ofÐ è 8  Ðdefendantððs€undetected€sexual€activity,€the€nature€and€scope€of€the€sexual€acts€andÐ Ô$  Ðthe€extent€of€the€residual,€physical€and€mental€damage€to€the€victim€or€victims.€Ô_ÔÐÀ Ð Ð  ÐÔ_ÔÌÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÔ_Ôà  àTo€support€consecutive€sentencing€pursuant€to€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€40„35„115(b)(5),Ð ˜è  Ðthe€State€must€establish€sufficiently€the€aggravating€circumstances€accompanying€the€sexualÐ „Ô  Ðoffenses.€€òòState€v.€Laneóó,€3€S.W.3d€456,€460€(Tenn.€1999).€€First,€the€relationship€between€DefendantÐ pÀ Ðand€the€multiple€victims€in€this€cause€is€well€established.€€The€parents€of€the€children€entrusted€theirÐ \¬ Ðwelfare€and€care€to€a€family€friend€over€a€period€of€two€years.€€During€this€two„year€period,Ð H˜ ÐDefendant€engaged€in€a€plan€to€sexually€abuse€these€children€by€exposing€them€to€explicit€sexualÐ 4„ Ðmaterial,€such€as€videos,€magazines,€etc.,€to€prepare€them€for€sexual€activity.€€Although€there€wasÐ  p Ða€dispute€between€Defendant€and€the€children€as€to€how€many€sexual€acts€occurred,€the€trial€courtÐ  \ Ðfound€Defendant's€testimony€less€credible€on€this€subject€matter.€€The€victim,€TLP,€testified€as€Ô_Ôto€theÔ_ÔÐ øH Ðaffect€these€events€have€had€on€her€since€Defendant's€arrest.€€She€has€been€in€counseling€for€sevenÐ ä4 Ðmonths€to€a€year,€which€was€corroborated€by€her€mother.€€She€suffers€nightmares€that€she€will€beÐ Ð  Ðraped€by€others€and€she€has€been€harassed€at€school€about€being€raped.Ð ¼  ÐÌà  àòòóóApplying€the€criteria€set€forth€in€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€40„35„115(b)(5)€to€the€factsÐ ”ä Ðin€this€record,€clearly€the€trial€court€was€not€in€error€for€ordering€all€sentences€to€be€servedÐ €Ð Ðconsecutively.€€The€decision€of€whether€prison€terms€are€to€be€consecutive€or€concurrent€is€left€toÐ l¼ Ðthe€sound€discretion€of€the€trial€court.€€òòState€v.€Adams,€óó973€S.W.2d€224,€230„31€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð X ¨ Ð1997),€òòperm.€app.€denied,óó€(Tenn.€1998).€€There€is€no€merit€to€this€issue.Ð D!” Ðà  àÌà  àIn€conclusion,€Ô_Ôhowever,€Ô% € ÔweÔ_Ô€hold€that€the€trial€courtððs€judgment€is€affirmed.Ð #l! ÐÌà  à€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð ô$D # ÐÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÔ_ÔÔ_Ôà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àL.€TERRY€LAFFERTY,€SENIOR€JUDGE