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(x & Tenn.R.App.P.3AppealasofRight;JudgmentoftheCriminalCourtReversedand P Remandedfor_Resentencing_  <   #UXWi#XWiX.UJohnEverettWilliams,J.,deliveredtheopinionofthecourt,inwhichDavidG.Hayesand  #UXWiv#XWiX.UAlanE.Glenn,JJ.,joined.  ACWharton,Jr.,DistrictPublicDefender,andTonyN._Brayton_ԀandWilliam_Yonkowski_,Assistant  PublicDefenders,fortheappellant,Joseph_Lantrip_. t PaulG.Summers,AttorneyGeneralandReporter;P.RobinDixon,Jr.,AssistantAttorneyGeneral; L  WilliamL.Gibbons,DistrictAttorneyGeneral;andGreg_Gilluly_,AssistantDistrictAttorney 8!  General,fortheappellee,StateofTennessee. $"t! G@@OO& OPINION  $8 $   XOnNovember30,1995,aShelbyCountygrandjury indicteddefendant,Joseph_Lantrip_,for &"& aggravatedrapeandaggravated_kidnapping_.DefendantpledguiltyonJune22,2001,toboth '#' charges.ThetrialcourtsentenceddefendanttoconfinementintheTennesseeDepartmentof (#( Correctionforaperiodoftwentytwoyearsfortheaggravatedrapeandelevenyearsforthe )$) aggravated_kidnapping_.Thesentenceswereorderedtorunconsecutivelyforaneffectivesentence t*%* ofthirtythreeyears.DefendanttimelyfiledhisnoticeofappealonJune28,2001. `+&+  L,', Ѐ  8-(- _ԇ  XFacts     AsentencinghearingwasheldonJune22,2001.Thevictimanddefendanttestified.A  presentencereportwasalsointroduced. t   Thevictimtestifiedthatatthetimeoftheincident,shewastwentyyearsold.Shestatedthat L  shemetdefendantthroughaninternetchatroomandthatshevisiteddefendantathisplaceof 8  employment,wherehewasasupervisoratacomputercompany. $ t   ThevictimstatedthatonOctober4,2000,sheanddefendantwatchedamovietogetherat  L  defendantshome.Shefurthertestifiedthatwhilethere,shewenttotherestroomanduponexiting  8  therestroom,defendanthitherinthestomachandpushedherdownonhisbed.Shestatedthat $  defendantthengaggedher,blindfoldedher,andtiedherlegsaparttothebedandherarmsbehind   herback.Defendantthenrepeatedlyrapedthevictim,includingoncewithapapertowelholder.   Shealsostatedthatdefendantstruckherinthefacetwiceandbitherontheleftbreast.Defendant   usedahuntingknifeandpokedthevictimfromheadtotoe around,everywhere.     Defendantkepthertiedupfornearlytwohoursuntilherhandsturnedblue,andhethen \ releasedher.Shereturnedhomeandcalledthepolice. H   Defendanttestifiedthathealwayshadanobsessionwithrape,whichwaslaterfueledbythe  p useoftheinternet.Hetestifiedthat,asachild,hehadbeensexuallyabusedbyhisbrothersand  \ sisters.Hestatedthathepreviouslysoughthelpfromhispastorwhotolddefendantthathis H fascinationwithrapewasnormal. 4   Hesaidthathisrapefantasieswere bottledinforyears,buteverything blewuponthe   nightoftheincident.Defendantstatedthatheconfessedtothepoliceandpledguiltybecausehefelt  remorseforviolatingboththelawandthevictim.Heclaimedthatheconfessedtothecrimebecause  hewas tiredofdealingwithhisrapefantasies,andhecouldnotdenyhisproblemanylonger.    DefendantstatedthathepreviouslyusedLSDandmarijuana.Therecordshowsthat X  defendantansweredseveralquestionsputtohimbytheprosecutionwith Idontremember. D! Finally,defendantadmittedthatherapedthevictimbypenilepenetrationandwithapapertowel 0"  holder. #l!  X   XAnalysis  $D #  X1% %0!$ Whenadefendantchallengesthelength,range,ormannerofserviceofasentence,thisCourt &"% conductsadenovoreviewoftherecordwithapresumptionthatthedeterminationsmadebythe '#& sentencingcourtwerecorrect.SeeTenn.CodeAnn.40-35-401(d),-402(d)(1997).This (#' presumption isconditionedupontheaffirmativeshowingintherecordthatthetrialcourt )$( consideredthesentencingprinciplesandallrelevantfactsandcircumstances.Statev.Ashby,823 |*%) S.W.2d166,169(Tenn.1991).Inconductingourreview,thisCourtmustconsider(a)allthe h+&* evidenceattrialandthesentencinghearing,(b)thepresentencereport,(c)thesentencingprinciples,  (d)theargumentsofcounsel,(e)thenatureandcharacteristicsoftheoffenses,(f)anystatutory  mitigatingandenhancementfactors,(g)anystatementthatdefendantmadeonhisownbehalf,and  (h)defendantspotentialforrehabilitation.SeeTenn.CodeAnn.40-35-102,-103,-210(b) t (1997).Theburdenofshowingthatasentencewasimproperisupontheappealingparty.SeeTenn. ` CodeAnn.40-35-401(d),SentencingCommissionComments. L   8  ! ! k(h83"3"   X3!2h  I  .3  0    EnhancementFactors3!"݌$ t(#(# Ќ      Defendantwasconvictedofaggravatedrapeandaggravatedkidnapping.Aggravatedrape  L  isaClassAfelony.Tenn.CodeAnn.3913502(b).Aggravatedkidnapping,contrarytothe  8  Statesassertion,isaClassBfelony.Tenn.CodeAnn.3913304(b)(1).Assuch,thepresumptive $  sentencefortheaggravatedrapeisthemidpointwithintherangetwentyyearsifnoenhancement   ormitigatingfactorsarepresent,andthepresumptivesentencefortheaggravatedkidnappingisthe   minimumsentenceeightyearsifnoenhancementormitigatingfactorsareapplicable.Tenn.   CodeAnn.4035210(c).When,asinthiscase,enhancementfactorsareappliedandmitigating   factorsarenot,thecourtmaysetthesentenceabovetheminimum,butwithintherange.Tenn.Code p Ann.4035210(d). \   Intheinstantcase,thetrialcourtfoundthefollowingenhancingfactorsapplicabletoboth 4 convictions:  p  b(88k! !"3"  8  3(2(  5  )3  0`     Defendanttreatedorallowedavictimtobetreatedwithexceptionalcruelty  \ duringthecommissionoftheoffense;3(H(݌H` `  Ќ  "3"  8  3t)2(  6  )3  0`     Thepersonalinjuriesinflicteduponortheamountofdamagetoproperty 4 sustainedbyortakenfromthevictimwasparticularlygreat;3t))݌ ` `  Ќ   d(88b! !"3 "  8  3+2(  10  )3  0`     Defendanthadnohesitationaboutcommittingacrimewhentheriskto   humanlifewashigh;and3++݌` `  Ќ   f(88 d! !"3"  8  3-2(  16  )3  0`     Thecrimewascommittedundercircumstancesunderwhichthepotentialfor  bodilyinjurytoavictimwasgreat.3--݌` `  Ќ  Tenn.CodeAnn.4035114.Additionally,thetrialcourtappliedthefollowingenhancement l factortodefendantsaggravatedkidnappingconvictiononly: X   h(08f! !"3"  8  3M02(  7  )3  0`     Theoffenseinvolvedavictimandwascommittedtogratifydefendants D! desireforpleasureorexcitement.3M00݌0" ` `  Ќ  Id.Defendantappealstheapplicationofalloftheforegoingfactors. #l!   Becauseweconcludethatthetrialcourterredinpart,wereviewthesentencedenovo $D # withoutthepresumptionofcorrectness.Statev.Grissom,956S.W.2d514(Tenn.Crim.App. %0!$ 1997). &"% Factor5 (#'   Inthiscase,thetrialcourtappliedenhancementfactor(5)todefendantssentenceunderthe |*%) convictionsforaggravatedrapeandaggravatedkidnapping.Whenapplyingthisfactor,thetrial h+&* courtfoundthattherewas noway[thevictim]couldhavedefendedherselffrom[defendant],a  personhissize.Aswesay,underthelaw,therelativesizeandstrengthofthedefendantverses[sic]  thevictim.TheStatecontendsthatthisconclusionissupportablebecausedefendantkeptthe  victimtiedupforovertwohours,pokedthevictimwithaknife everywhereonherbody,and t penetratedthevictimwithapapertowelholder. `   Applicationofthisenhancementfactorrequiresafindingofcruelty overandabovewhat 8  isrequiredtosustainaconvictionforthestatedoffense.Statev.Embry,915S.W.2d451,456 $ t (Tenn.Crim.App.1995)(thefactsmust supportafindingofexceptionalcrueltythatdemonstrates  ` aculpabilitydistinctfromandappreciablygreaterthanthatincidenttothechargedoffense).  L  Tennesseecourtshaveupheldtheapplicationofthisfactorbasedonproofofeitherextensive  8  physicalabuse,seeStatev.Williams,920S.W.2d247,259(Tenn.Crim.App.1995),or $  psychologicalabuse,seeStatev.Mills,No.936,1985Tenn.Crim.App.LEXIS2945,1985WL   4562,at*2(Tenn.Crim.App.,filedatKnoxville,Dec.19,1985).     Recently,inStatev.Arnett,thisCourtrefusedtoapplyenhancementfactor(5)todefendants   aggravatedrapesentencewherethevictimwasremovedfromavehicleatgunpoint,throwntothe p ground,andhadherclothesforciblyremovedbeforebeingraped.No.03C019811CR00395,2000 \ Tenn.Crim.App.LEXIS84,at*2526(Tenn.Crim.App.,filedFeb.2,2000,atKnoxville);affd H Statev.Arnett,49S.W.3d250,259(Tenn.2001);seealsoStatev.Poole,945S.W.2d93,98(Tenn. 4 1997);Manningv.State,883S.W.2d635,639(Tenn.Crim.App.1994)(rejectingthisfactorwhere  p victimwasabductedandforcedtoperformfoursexualactsatknifepointwhileverballyabusedand  \ threatened);Statev.Edwards,868S.W.2d682(Tenn.Crim.App.1993)(rejectingthisfactorwhere H victimwasgagged,threatened,andstruckduringcommissionofoffense).󀀀 4   Intheinstantcase,weconcludethisrecordlacksclearfactstosupportafindingof    exceptionalcruelty.Wearemindfulthataggravatedrapeisavileanddeplorableact.Itsvictims  havebeenviolatedinanintimatefashionandoftencarryphysicalandemotionalscars.The  legislature,however,recognizedthisfactwhenitclassifiedaggravatedrapeasaClassAfelony.In  ordertosupporttheapplicationofenhancementfactor(5),wemustinsistuponmorethancontained l inthisrecord.Therecordrevealsarapeandkidnappingofshortdurationandavictimwhowas X  releasedwithoutanycuts,bruises,orburns.Wearetroubledbythefactthatthisdefendant poked D! thevictimwithaknifeaftertherape,yetduringthekidnapping.Fromthisrecord,however,wehave 0"  nowayofknowingwhetherthereweretwopokes,twentypokes,ortwohundredpokes,orwhere #l! thepokesoccurred.Equallydisturbingisthefactthatthisdefendantusedapapertowelholder $X" duringtherape.However,thefailuretodevelopfactsmorefullytosupportafindingofexceptional $D # crueltyoverandabovethecrueltyusuallyassociatedwithrapeandkidnappingleadsustoconclude %0!$ thatenhancementfactor(5)wasinappropriatelyapplied. &"% Factor6 (#'   Inapplyingtheenhancementfactorforparticularlygreatpersonalinjuries,thetrialcourt |*%) statedthatthevictimsinjurieswere [p]articularlygreatbecauseitsstillthere.Anditwillalways h+&* bethere.Defendantcontendsthatbecausenoexperttestimonywasofferedregardingthevictims  psychologicalinjuries,itwaserrorforthetrialcourttoapplythisenhancementfactor.Wedisagree.    InArnett,49S.W.3dat260,oursupremecourtappliedthisenhancementfactorinthe t absenceofexpertproof.Thecourtstatedthefollowing: ` 8  Althoughweagreethatexpertproofmayhelpintheidentificationof particularly L  greatpsychologicalinjuries,wedeclinetorequireexpertproof.Instead,wehold 8  thatapplicationofthisfactorisappropriatewherethereisspecificandobjective $ t evidencedemonstratinghowthevictimsmentalinjuryismoreseriousormore  ` severethanthatwhichnormallyresultsfromthisoffense.Suchproofmaybe  L  presentedbythevictimsowntestimony,aswellasthetestimonyofwitnesses  8  acquaintedwiththevictim.$      Inthiscase,thevictimtestifiedthatasaresultoftheaggravatedrapeandaggravated   kidnapping,shedroppedoutofschoolandquitherjobbecauseofherinabilitytotrustanyone.At   thetimeofthesentencinghearing,thevictimwasjustbeginningschoolagain,almostninemonths   aftertherape.Expertpsychologicaltestimonywasnotnecessarytodemonstratetheemotional p impactonthevictim,andweconcludethisenhancementfactorwasproperlyappliedtoboth \ convictions. H Factor10  p   Defendantcontendsthatthetrialcourterredinapplyingenhancementfactor(10)inthat H defendant hadnohesitationaboutcommittingacrimewhentherisktohumanlifewashigh.Tenn. 4 CodeAnn.4035114(10).Inapplyingthisfactor,thetrialcourtstatedtodefendant, Youmade   thechoicetolet[thevictim]liveorletherdie.AndjustlikeGod,yousaid,Imgoingtoletherlive.   Well,youhavetopayforthat.Weareunabletodeterminewhatexactlythetrialcourtmeantwhen  applyingthisfactororexactlywhatevidenceuponwhichthetrialcourtbasedtheapplicationofthis  factor.Weagreewithdefendantandconcludethatthetrialcourtimproperlyappliedenhancement  factor(10). l   Defendantinthiscasehadadeadlyweapon,aknife.Theevidenceinthiscaseshowsthat D! defendantpokedthevictimwiththeknife.Wecannotsaythatheactedwitharisktohumanlife. 0"  Theuseoftheweaponinthiscasedidnotinvolveagreaterriskofharmthanthatrequiredbythe #l! standardsoftheaggravatedoffenses.Itwas,therefore,erroronthepartofthetrialcourttoapply $X" thisenhancementfactortodefendantsaggravatedrapeandaggravatedkidnappingsentences.We $D # notenophysicalinjuriesresultedfromtheuseoftheknife. %0!$ Factor16 '#&   Defendantassertsthatthetrialcourterroneouslyappliedenhancementfactor(16)tothe )$(  sentences.Thetrialcourt,infindingthatthepotentialforbodilyinjurytothevictimwasgreat, |*%) baseditsconclusiononthe injuries[thevictim]couldhavesustained,gynecologically.Inaddition  tothehuntingknife,stabbings,that[defendant]subjectedherto.Thetrialcourterredintwoways.     First,weareboundbyprecedentinStatev.Baker,956S.W.2d8,18(Tenn.Crim.App. t 1997),wherethisCourtrefusedtoapplythisfactorwhenadefendantheldaknifetothevictim, ` threatenedtokillthevictimifshedidnotcooperate,andthenrapedher.Second,therecorddoes L  notindicatethattherewere,asthetrialcourtstated, stabbings.Thetestimonyrevealsthat 8  defendant pokedthevictim.Thereisnoevidenceofanystabwoundsorothercuts.Themere $ t conjectureofpossibleinjuryisnotsufficienttoapplythisenhancementfactor,andtheapplication  ` ofthisfactorwaserror.  L  Factor7 $    Next,defendantcontendsthattheimpositionofenhancementfactor(7)tohisaggravated   kidnappingsentencewasincorrect.Weagree.Enhancementfactor(7)applieswhenanoffenseis   committed togratifythedefendantsdesireforpleasureorexcitement[.]Tenn.CodeAnn.4035   114(7).Wefindnoproofintherecordthatsuggeststhatdefendantsconfinementofthevictimwas p forthepurposeofsatisfyinghisdesireforpleasureorexcitement.Hisrestraintofthevictimwas \ forthepurposeoffacilitatingtherape.Accordingly,wefindthisfactormisapplied. H MitigatingFactor  p   Wenotethatthetrialcourtdisregardedastatutorymitigatingfactorfoundinthetextofthe H kidnappingstatute.Thestatuteprovidesthatif theoffendervoluntarilyreleasesthevictimalive 4 ...suchactionsshallbeconsideredbythecourtasamitigatingfactoratthetimeofsentencing.   Tenn.CodeAnn.3913304(b)(2)(emphasisadded).Theevidenceclearlyshowsthatdefendant   releasedthevictimandallowedhertoleave.Shereturnedhomeandcalledthepolicetoreportthe  kidnappingandrape.Thisshouldhavebeenconsideredinsentencingdefendantandwasnot.That  waserror.   n(h80h! !"3"  3_2h  II  .3  0    ConsecutiveSentences3_3_݌X (#(# Ќ    Defendantchallengesthetrialcourtsimpositionofconsecutivesentences.TennesseeCode 0"  Annotatedsection40-35-115providescertaincriteriaatrialcourtshouldfollowwhenordering #l! consecutivesentencing.Thetrialcourtmayorderconsecutivesentencingifadefendantisconvicted $X" ofmorethanonecriminaloffenseandifitfinds,byapreponderanceoftheevidence,thatoneor $D # moreofthefollowingrequiredstatutorycriteriaexist: %0!$ $, XX$ X X0 4  (1)Thedefendantisaprofessionalcriminalwhohasknowinglydevotedsuch &"% defendantslifetocriminalactsasamajorsourceoflivelihood;'#&4 4  (2)Thedefendantisanoffenderwhoserecordofcriminalactivityisextensive; (#' 0 4  (3)Thedefendantisadangerousmentallyabnormalpersonsodeclaredbya )$( competentpsychiatristwhoconcludesasaresultofaninvestigationpriorto |*%) sentencingthatthedefendantscriminalconducthasbeencharacterizedbya h+&* patternofrepetitiveorcompulsivebehaviorwithheedlessindifferenceto  consequences;4 4  0 4  (4)Thedefendantisadangerousoffenderwhosebehaviorindicateslittleorno  regardforhumanlifeandnohesitationaboutcommittingacrimeinwhichthe t risktohumanlifeishigh;`4 4  0 4  (5)Thedefendantisconvictedoftwo(2)ormorestatutoryoffensesinvolvingsexual L  abuseofaminorwithconsiderationoftheaggravatingcircumstancesarising 8  fromtherelationshipbetweenthedefendantandvictimorvictims,thetimespan $ t ofdefendantsundetectedsexualactivity,thenatureandscopeofthesexualacts  ` andtheextentoftheresidual,physicalandmentaldamagetothevictimor  L  victims; 8 4 4  (6)Thedefendantissentencedforanoffensecommittedwhileonprobation;or $  (7)Thedefendantissentencedforcriminalcontempt.   ( X, X%b( XIb XWbTenn.CodeAnn.40-35-115(b).     Inthiscase,thetrialcourtorderedconsecutivesentencingafterfindingthatdefendantwas   adangerous,mentallyabnormalpersonwithapatternofcompulsiverepetitivebehavior.However, p defendantarguesandtheStateconcedes,applicationofthiscriterionwasimproperbecausethere \ wasnoevidencefromacompetentpsychiatristregardingdefendantsmentalstateasrequiredby H TennesseeCodeAnnotatedsection4035115(b)(3).Moreover,wenotethatthereisonlyscant 4 indicationintherecordastowhythetrialcourtappliedthisfactor.Onthesentencingformadopted  p bytheShelbyCountyCriminalCourt,thetrialjudgesimplywrotein dangerousoffenderinthe  \ marginnexttothefactor.Thesamewasdoneonthesentencingformforaggravatedrapealongwith H acirclearound yes.Weconcludethetrialcourtdidnotadequatelyarticulatewhyitimposed 4 consecutivesentencing.     Rule32oftheTennesseeRulesofCriminalProcedurestatesasfollows:   8  MultipleSentencesfromOneTrial.Ifthedefendantisconvictedupononetrialof  morethanoneoffense,thetrialjudgeshalldeterminewhetherthesentencesshallbe  servedconcurrentlyorconsecutively.Unlessitismadetoaffirmativelyappearthat  thesentencesareconsecutive,theyshallbedeemedtobeconcurrent.Ifthecourt l ordersthatthesentencesbeservedconsecutivelyorconcurrently,theordershall X  specificallyrecitethereasonsforsuchrulingandsuchjudgmentisreviewableon D! appeal.0"    Tenn.R.Crim.P.32(c)(1).ThisCourtrecentlyheldthat [t]hecirclingofyesornoona #l! sentencingformdoesnotsatisfythemandatoryrequirementsofRule32.Statev.Campbell,No. $X" W200101916CCAR3CD,2002Tenn.Crim.App.LEXIS369,at*4(Tenn.Crim.App.,filed $D # April22,2002,atJackson).Inthiscase,thetrialjudgesactionofwritinginthemarginwaslittle %0!$ morethansimplycircling yesor noanddoesnotsatisfytherequirementsofRule32. &"%   Additionally,thetranscriptoftheproceedingsindicatesthatthetrialjudgestatedthe (#' followingwhenorderingconsecutivesentencingpursuanttoTennesseeCodeAnnotatedsection40 )$(  35115(b)(3): |*%) 8  Andinaddition,under4035115,Ifindthatthisiscompulsivebehavior,with   heedlessindifferencetoconsequences.   8  Youactedoutonsomethingyouread.Youactedoutonsomethingyousawonthe  Internet.Andthiswomanhastolivewithitfortherestofherlife.t   Thetrialcourtsimpositionofconsecutivesentencesbasedontheforegoingwasclearlyerror.The ` justificationforimposingconsecutivesentencingiswhollyinappropriategiventhatitcompletely L  ignoresthefirstpartoftherulerequiringdefendanttobea mentallyabnormalpersonsodeclared 8  byacompetentpsychiatrist. $ t   Finally,whileweareintriguedbytheStatesargumentthatdefendantqualifiesfor  L  consecutivesentencingbecauseheisadangerousoffenderunderTennesseeCodeAnnotatedsection  8  4035115(b)(4),wenotethatconsecutivesentencingisamatterlefttothediscretionofthetrial $  judge.Webelievethattheimpositionofconsecutivesentencingshouldoriginatewiththetrialcourt   andarethusremisstoimposeconsecutivesentencingintheabsenceofamorethoroughand   completerecord.Therefore,wedeclinetheStatesinvitationtoimposeconsecutivesentencing   basedonotherstatutoryfactors.      CONCLUSION  \ \{  Fortheforegoingreasons,thesentencingdecisionsofthetrialcourtarereversedand 4 remanded.Uponremand,applicationofenhancingandmitigatingsentencingfactorsaretobe  p appliedconsistentwiththisopinion.Theweighttobeaffordedeachapplicablefactoristobe  \ determinedbythetrialcourt.Additionally,wereversetheimpositionofconsecutivesentencesand H remandwithinstructionsthatifconsecutivesentencesareagainimposed,thetrialcourtsreasons 4 aretoberecitedasrequiredbyTennesseeRulesCriminalProcedure32.      @`  @  @  @h  @ ___________________________________ X   @`  @  @  @h  @  @  @p JOHNEVERETTWILLIAMS,JUDGE