ÿWPCú žv%[¹g2X°ÆÎë©0’ÏúÍ-µ0 ›B¹}å¨eY°J÷~9çüÖL3,³ì­DcŽ aëíÕy—¶®²©ƒ–«ª´³˜ú“ãŠÿ‹É?^á/"­•~rélPµ·M/—¼@½ 2Cêg‘†XÖßä!ô#¯Μވ–Ø|#W‡—it+*ä«a"Äü L¼¡Ñý0Ç1…!í•òI %(?UZäNënL¹S—fy9±ÃÕEâh×èÇ-“ÈëØ †ã *Õ³#ÇÎ)!&_Sb›ßꪼafAüÁ‰ä6‡³K@Ò`?¢ûô”bOÏÛ`"GÎðRá%;kb˜ éPÆŒéÖë™*ÎsÉO·MIÁN”,—>8¦xÁ” €Ñ™_ïbýäõ˜1¹ ÀK¶£Ë‡CNozN•íø´eóƒ[œ~üqˆÈUó.cæó²P¨rD¸ÐÈ’(ÖSõÂ÷E Úô©ÞøÉ»¿„B·RgïÀÜ&úË ¡‰0ºê‹v”*?6³¸€“¿]™¶c̱ßÿQ¸¿DÓq&¾®3åiþŸ“©=ã{L݃XW cO ÓYíÃ5œ?'"^ÒTîCë ÒÖW6©oöP~ö¿b#Á\ % ^ # 0ˆ/ U$N· w 4 z Ò— i x mz U@‘ ÆÑ Æ— Æ] Æ#UNéN7´99Eííííííííííííííííííííííííbïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïïï 0ë÷÷÷÷ Bââ 0¤ÿ D3£ D-Ö 0K ASNÆ¡ 0¤g 0D  A«O˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PCL 6ÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0»Žo-s (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman RegularüPH,ê:i¢×+00 ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ(ÈhH  Z‹(Times New Roman Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman Regular AngeleMirandizedAshby CmtsresentencedVanderfordnightstandHardee- ù-(|G2Ìö$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Z­»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôçÅò»»Ô d(|3GŒ$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Z­»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3GŒ$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Z­»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Z­»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼Z­»»»ÔÑ8€!XXdì»»d8Ñà@ttìàÔ‡îVüZ­ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@kk$ìàAT€NASHVILLEÔ#†¼Z­»îîVü #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àAssigned€on€Briefs€July€17,€2002Ð üL ÐÔ‡X!X»¼Z­ÔÌò òÔ#†¼Z­»XX!#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóó€v.€FELIX€M.€LEACHÔ‡X!X»¼Z­Ôó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Williamson€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€II„1100„347€€€€€€Timothy€L.€Easter,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€M2001„02258„CCA„R3„CD€„€Filed€November€15,€Ô_Ô2002Ô_ÔÐ ¥õ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓOn€November€13,€2000,€a€Williamson€County€grand€jury€indicted€the€defendant,€Felix€M.€Leach,Ð xÈ  Ðfor€possession€with€intent€to€sell€or€deliver€cocaine,€possession€of€marijuana,€and€possession€of€drugÐ d´ Ðparaphernalia.€€In€a€negotiated€plea€agreement€dated€June€19,€2001,€the€defendant€pled€guilty€as€aÐ P  ÐRange€II,€multiple€offender€to€each€of€the€three€counts€of€the€indictment.€€The€plea€agreementÐ <Œ Ðspecified€that€the€three€sentences€would€run€concurrently€and€that€all€remaining€sentencing€issuesÐ (x Ðwould€be€determined€by€the€trial€court€following€a€sentencing€hearing.€€After€a€sentencing€hearing,Ð d Ðthe€trial€court€sentenced€the€defendant€to€ten€years€for€possession€with€intent€to€sell€or€deliverÐ P Ðcocaine,€eleven€months€and€twenty„nine€days€for€each€of€the€other€two€counts,€and€ordered€theÐ ì< Ðsentences€to€be€served€consecutively€to€a€previous€sentence€that€he€was€on€probation€for€at€the€time.€Ð Ø( ÐThe€defendant€raises€two€issues€on€appeal:€€(1)€whether€the€ten„year€sentence€for€possession€withÐ Ä Ðintent€to€sell€or€deliver€cocaine€was€excessive;€and€(2)€whether€the€three€sentences€should€beÐ ° Ðconcurrent€or€consecutive€to€the€sentence€for€which€he€was€on€probation€at€the€time.€€After€reviewingÐ œì Ðthe€record,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€Ô#†¼Z­»XX!Ž#ÔÔ‡X!X»¼Z­Ôthe€trial€court.Ð ˆØ ÐÔ#†¼Z­»XX!  #ÔÔ‡X!X»¼Z­ÔÓ¿ÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Criminal€Court€Affirmedó óÐ `° ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼Z­»àX! #ÔÔ‡X!X.¼Z­ÔAlan€E.€Glenn,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòThomas€T.€Ô_ÔWoodallÔ_Ôóó€and€òòJamesÐ 8!ˆ  ÐÔ_ÔCurwoodÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔWittÔ_Ô,€Jr.,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð $"t! ÐÌJohn€H.€Henderson,€District€Public€Defender,€for€the€appellant,€Felix€M.€Leach.Ð ü#L# ÐÌÔ#†¼Z­»XX!Ó #ÔÔ‡X!X»¼Z­ÔPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Angele€M.€Gregory,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð Ô%$!% ÐRonald€L.€Davis,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Derek€K.€Smith,€Assistant€District€AttorneyÐ À&"& ÐGeneral,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ô#†¼Z­»XX!Ž #ÔÔ‡X!X»¼Z­Ô€Ð ¬'ü"' ÐÓ¤ ÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼Z­»XX!á#ÔÔ‡X!X»¼Z­ÔÐ „)Ô$) ÐÌòòÔ#†¼Z­»àX!i#ÔÔ€X!X.¼Z­ÔóóÓ  ÓÓ  Óòòò òÌÌÐ 4-„(-ý ÐÔ_ÔFACTSóóó óÐ ° ÐÓòÓÌà  àOn€July€9,€2000,€officers€of€the€Franklin€Police€Department€executed€a€search€warrant€at€theÐ ˆØ Ðdefendantððs€residence.€€During€the€search,€two€bags€of€cocaine,€marijuana,€$2502€in€cash,€a€digitalÐ tÄ Ðtitanium€scale€with€cocaine€residue,€a€shotgun€with€a€pistol€grip,€two€sawed„off€shotguns,€shotgunÐ `° Ðshells,€and€a€brass€knuckle„knife€were€recovered.€€The€cocaine€was€found€in€the€defendantððs€bedroomÐ L œ Ðin€a€nightstand€drawer€with€his€driverððs€license€and€a€$5000€credit€card€bill€in€his€name.€€At€the€timeÐ 8 ˆ Ðof€the€search,€the€defendant€was€on€probation€and€serving€an€eight„year€sentence€for€three€1999Ð $ t Ðcocaine€convictions.€Ð  ` ÐÌà  àThe€sentencing€hearing€was€held€on€August€3,€2001.€€David€Pratt€of€the€Board€of€ProbationÐ è 8  Ðand€Parole,€Officer€Rodney€Escobar€of€the€Franklin€Police€Department,€and€the€defendant€testifiedÐ Ô$  Ðat€the€hearing.€€Ð À  ÐÌà  àMr.€Pratt€testified€that€he€prepared€the€presentence€report€and€that€the€defendant€was€onÐ ˜è  Ðprobation€for€prior€drug€convictions€at€the€time€of€the€instant€offenses.€€The€defendant€had€beenÐ „Ô  Ðreleased€just€over€three€months€earlier€from€boot€camp€on€March€7,€2000.€€Mr.€Pratt€testified€that€Ð pÀ Ðthe€defendant€had€three€felony€drug€convictions,€a€misdemeanor€weapons€conviction,€and€severalÐ \¬ Ðjuvenile€convictions,€including€a€cocaine€conviction€that€would€have€been€a€felony€had€it€beenÐ H˜ Ðcommitted€by€an€adult.Ð 4„ ÐÌà  àOfficer€Escobar€testified€that€he€was€one€of€the€officers€who€executed€the€July€9,€2000,€searchÐ  \ Ðwarrant€at€the€defendantððs€residence.€€According€to€his€testimony,€the€loaded€and€chambered€shotgunÐ øH Ðwas€found€under€the€defendantððs€bed€in€his€bedroom.€€Several€people,€including€a€young€child,€wereÐ ä4 Ðin€the€bedroom€watching€television.€€Officer€Escobar€testified€that€the€child€was€within€a€few€feetÐ Ð  Ðof€the€gun€and€the€cocaine.€€He€also€testified€that€the€defendant,€after€being€òòMirandizedóó,€admittedÐ ¼  Ðthat€the€cocaine€belonged€to€him€and€that€he€was€making€$3500€weekly€from€the€sale€of€drugs.Ð ¨ø ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€testified€that€he€was€currently€serving€an€eight„year€sentence€for€three€1999Ð €Ð Ðdrug€convictions.€€He€denied€that€he€was€selling€the€drugs€and€claimed€that€he€was€just€holding€themÐ l¼ Ðfor€his€cousin€who€ð ðset€him€up.ðð€€He€explained€that€his€cousin€would€give€him€ð ðfifty,€one€hundredÐ X ¨ Ðdollars€here€and€thereðð€whenever€he€would€come€by€to€pick€up€more€cocaine.€€He€said€that€his€initialÐ D!” Ðadmission€to€owning€the€drugs€was€only€to€protect€his€family.€€The€defendant€testified€that€his€legalÐ 0"€  Ðproblems€were€all€drug„related€and€that€if€it€ð ðwasnððt€for€drugs,€I€never€would€have€seen€thisÐ #l! Ðcourtroom.ðð€Ð $X" ÐÌÓ  Óòòò òANALYSISó óóóÐ à%0!$ ÐÓÝÓÌà  àThe€defendant€raises€two€issues€on€appeal:€€(1)€whether€the€ten„year€sentence€imposed€by€theÐ ¸'#& Ðtrial€court€for€possession€with€intent€to€sell€or€deliver€cocaine€was€excessive;€and€(2)€whether€hisÐ ¤(ô#' Ðsentences€should€be€concurrent€or€consecutive€to€the€sentence€for€which€he€was€on€probation€at€theÐ )à$( Ðtime.€€€€€€Ð |*Ì%) ÐÐ h+¸&* Ðò òÓ  ÓI.€€Standard€of€Reviewó óÐ ° ÐÓÈÓÌÔ‡ X!XXX!Ôà  àWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€length€and€manner€of€service€of€a€sentence,€it€is€the€duty€ofÐ ˆØ Ðthis€court€to€conduct€a€òòóóòòde€novoóó€review€on€the€record€with€a€presumption€that€ð ðthe€determinationsÐ tÄ Ðmade€by€the€court€from€which€the€appeal€is€taken€are€correct.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€Ð `° ÐThis€presumption€is€ð ðconditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€courtÐ L œ Ðconsidered€the€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances.ðð€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823Ð 8 ˆ ÐS.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).€€The€presumption€does€not€apply€to€the€legal€conclusions€reachedÐ $ t Ðby€the€trial€court€in€sentencing€the€accused€or€to€the€determinations€made€by€the€trial€court€which€areÐ  ` Ðpredicated€upon€uncontroverted€facts.€€òòState€v.€Butleróó,€900€S.W.2d€305,€311€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð ü L  Ð1994);€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€891€S.W.2d€922,€929€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994)òòóó;€òòState€v.€Bonestelóó,€871€S.W.2dÐ è 8  Ð163,€166€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€€However,€this€court€is€required€to€give€great€weight€to€the€trialÐ Ô$  Ðcourtððs€determination€of€controverted€facts€as€the€trial€court's€determination€of€these€facts€isÐ À  Ðpredicated€upon€the€witnessesðð€demeanor€and€appearance€when€testifying.Ð ¬ü  ÐÌà  àIn€conducting€a€òòóóòòde€novoóó€review€of€a€sentence,€this€court€must€consider€(a)€any€evidenceÐ „Ô  Ðreceived€at€the€trial€and/or€sentencing€hearing,€(b)€the€presentence€report,€(c)€the€principles€ofÐ pÀ Ðsentencing,€(d)€the€arguments€of€counsel€relative€to€sentencing€alternatives,€(e)€the€nature€andÐ \¬ Ðcharacteristics€of€the€offense,€(f)€any€mitigating€or€enhancement€factors,€(g)€any€statements€made€byÐ H˜ Ðthe€accused€in€his€own€behalf,€and€(h)€the€accused's€potential€or€lack€of€potential€for€rehabilitationÐ 4„ Ðor€treatment.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€40„35„103,€„210;€òòState€v.€Scottóó,€735€S.W.2d€825,€829€(Tenn.Ð  p ÐCrim.€App.€1987)òòóó.Ð  \ ÐÌà  àThe€party€challenging€the€sentences€imposed€by€the€trial€court€has€the€burden€of€establishingÐ ä4 Ðthat€the€sentence€is€erroneous.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401,€Sentencing€Commission€Cmts.;€Ð Ð  ÐòòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€169òòóó.€€In€this€case,€the€defendant€has€the€burden€of€illustrating€the€sentenceÐ ¼  Ðimposed€by€the€trial€court€is€erroneous.Ô#†X!XX X!#ÔÐ ¨ø Ѐ€€Ð ”ä ÐÓ  Óò òII.€€Length€of€Sentenceó óÐ €Ð ÐÌÓä)Óà  àThe€defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€improperly€sentenced€him€to€ten€years€for€possessionÐ X ¨ Ðwith€intent€to€sell€or€deliver€cocaine.€€Sentencing€the€defendant€as€a€Range€II,€multiple€offender,€theÐ D!” Ðtrial€court€imposed€the€maximum€sentence.€€€€Ð 0"€  ÐÌÔ‡ X!XXX!Ôà  àIn€sentencing€the€defendant,€the€trial€court€found€no€mitigating€factors€applicable€but€appliedÐ $X" Ðthe€following€four€enhancement€factors:€Ð ô$D # ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àÔ#†X!XX X!q+#ÔÔ‡X!XXX!Ô(1)€The€defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€criminal€convictions€orÐ Ì&"% Ðcriminal€behavior€in€addition€to€those€necessary€to€establish€theÐ ¸'#& Ðappropriate€range;Ф(ô#'` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(8)€The€defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€unwillingness€to€complyÐ |*Ì%) Ðwith€the€conditions€of€a€sentence€involving€release€in€the€community;Ðh+¸&*` x` x Ðà  àÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(13)€The€felony€was€committed€while€on€any€of€the€following€formsÐ œì Ðof€release€status€if€such€release€is€from€a€prior€felony€conviction:€€ÐˆØ` x` x Ðà  àà ` à.€.€.€.Ð tÄ Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ à(C)€Probation;€andÐ `° Ðà  àÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(20)€The€defendant€was€adjudicated€to€have€committed€a€delinquentÐ 8 ˆ Ðact€or€acts€as€a€juvenile€that€would€constitute€a€felony€if€committedÐ $ t Ðby€an€adult.Ô#†X!XXX!‘,#ÔÔ‡ X!XXX!ÔÐ `` x` x ÐÌòòóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(1),€(8),€(13)(C),€(20).€€Ð è 8  ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€does€not€contest€the€application€of€the€above€enhancement€factors,€and€weÐ À  Ðconclude€that€the€record€of€the€sentencing€hearing€and€the€presentence€report€support€the€applicationÐ ¬ü  Ðof€each€factor.€€According€to€the€presentence€report,€the€defendant€has€three€prior€cocaine€felonyÐ ˜è  Ðconvictions€and€a€weapons€conviction.€€Accordingly,€his€prior€criminal€history€warrants€theÐ „Ô  Ðapplication€of€enhancement€factor€(1).€€In€February€1999,€the€defendant€was€sentenced€to€nine€yearsÐ pÀ Ðin€Community€Corrections€for€felony€cocaine€convictions.€€In€April€1999,€he€tested€positive€forÐ \¬ ÐmarijuanaÔ#†X!XX X!ß0#ÔÔ‡ X!XXX!Ô,€the€sentence€was€revoked€in€July€1999,€and€he€was€resentenced€to€eight€years€in€theÐ H˜ ÐDepartment€of€Correction.€€The€defendant€was€placed€on€probation€after€completing€boot€camp€inÐ 4„ ÐMarch€2000€only€to€violate€probation€in€June€2000€by€testing€positive€for€cocaine.€€The€instantÐ  p Ðoffenses€were€also€committed€while€on€probation.€€Clearly,€enhancement€factors€(8)€and€(13)€wereÐ  \ Ðproperly€applied.€€As€to€enhancement€factor€(20),€the€defendant,€as€a€juvenile,€pled€guilty€to€sale€orÐ øH Ðdistribution€of€cocaine,€which€would€have€been€a€felony€if€committed€by€an€adult.Ð ä4 ÐÌà  àIn€determining€the€appropriate€sentence€for€a€felony€conviction,€the€sentencing€court,€if€thereÐ ¼  Ðare€enhancement€factors€but€no€mitigating€factors,€may€set€the€sentence€above€the€minimum€in€thatÐ ¨ø Ðrange€but€still€within€the€range.€€òòSeeóó€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40-35-210(d)€(Supp.€1999);€€òòState€v.€Boggsóó,Ð ”ä Ð932€S.W.2d€467,€475€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996)òòóó.€€There€is€no€mathematical€formula€of€evaluating€theÐ €Ð Ðenhancement€factors€to€calculate€the€appropriate€sentence.€€òòSee€generallyóó€òòBoggsóó,€932€S.W.2d€at€475.€Ð l¼ Ðð ðRather,€the€weight€to€be€afforded€an€existing€factor€is€left€to€the€trial€court's€discretion€so€long€asÐ X ¨ Ðthe€court€complies€with€the€purposes€and€principles€of€the€1989€Sentencing€Act€and€its€findings€areÐ D!” Ðadequately€supported€by€the€record.ðð€€òòId.óó€at€475„76€(citations€omitted).€The€trial€court,€after€weighingÐ 0"€  Ðand€considering€the€enhancement€factors,€imposed€the€maximum€sentence€of€ten€years.€€WeÐ #l! Ðconclude,€upon€òòde€novoóó€review,€that€imposition€of€a€sentence€of€ten€years€is€not€excessive€and€is€ð ðtheÐ $X" Ðleast€severe€measure€necessary€to€achieve€the€purposes€for€which€the€sentence€is€imposed.ðð€€Tenn.Ð ô$D # ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„103(4).€€This€issue€is€without€merit.Ô#†X!XX X!c4#ÔÐ à%0!$ ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€court€erred€in€refusing€to€apply€the€following€threeÐ ¸'#& Ðmitigating€factors:€Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(1)€The€defendant's€criminal€conduct€neither€caused€nor€threatenedÐ |*Ì%) Ðserious€bodily€injury;Ðh+¸&*` x` x Їà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(7)€The€defendant€was€motivated€by€a€desire€to€provide€necessities€forÐ ° Ðthe€defendant's€family€or€the€defendant's€self;€andМì` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(13)€Any€other€factor€consistent€with€the€purposes€of€this€chapter.ÐtÄ` x` x ÐÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€Ô‡ X!XXX!ÔððÔ#†X!XX X!°?#Ô€40-35-113(1),€(7),€(13).€Ð L œ ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€argues€that€factor€(1)€should€have€been€applied€because€the€TennesseeÐ $ t ÐSupreme€Court€has€rejected€a€per€se€exclusion€of€this€mitigating€factor€in€cocaine€possession€cases.€Ð  ` ÐòòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Rossóó,€49€S.W.3d€833,€849€(Tenn.€2001).€€However,€in€€òòRossóó,€the€supreme€court€also€heldÐ ü L  Ðthat€Ô‡X!XXX!Ôthe€dangerous€nature€of€cocaine,€combined€with€the€dangerous€nature€of€many€drug€transactions,Ð è 8  Ðmay€indeed€support€the€rejection€of€this€factor€as€constituting€a€threat€of€serious€bodily€injury.€€òòId.óóÐ Ô$  Ðat€848;€òòseeóó€òòState€v.€Vanderfordóó,€980€S.W.2d€390,€407€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997);€òòState€v.€Keelóó,€882Ð À  ÐS.W.2d€410,€422€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€€Here,€the€record€shows€that€the€defendant€was€runningÐ ¬ü  Ðsome€type€of€cocaine€distribution€operation€out€of€his€home.€€Three€shotguns€were€kept€in€his€home,Ð ˜è  Ðone€of€which€was€loaded€and€under€his€bed,€just€a€few€feet€away€from€a€child.€€We€cannot€concludeÐ „Ô  Ðthat€the€trial€courtððs€decision€that€this€conduct€posed€a€threat€of€serious€bodily€injury€was€improper.€Ð pÀ ÐTherefore,€the€trial€court€correctly€declined€to€apply€this€factor.Ô#†X!XXX!£A#ÔÐ \¬ ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€next€argues€that€factor€(7)€should€have€been€applied€because€he€testified€thatÐ 4„ Ðhe€used€the€money€he€made€from€selling€cocaine€to€help€his€family.€€Aside€from€this€generalÐ  p Ðassertion,€no€evidence€of€any€family€exigency€or€financial€problems€was€offered.€€Furthermore,€theÐ  \ Ðdefendant€is€unmarried€and€has€no€children.€€We€conclude€that€the€trial€court€properly€declined€toÐ øH Ðapply€this€factor.€Ð ä4 ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€contends€that€factor€(13)€should€have€been€applied€because€he€obtained€hisÐ ¼  ÐGED€and€attended€college€for€a€year€and€a€half.€€On€appeal,€the€defendant€candidly€acknowledgesÐ ¨ø Ðthat€there€is€no€case€law€to€support€the€proposition€that€furthering€oneððs€education€qualifies€as€aÐ ”ä Ðmitigating€factor€ð ðconsistent€with€the€purposesðð€of€the€sentencing€statutes.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€Ô‡ X!XXX!ÔððÔ#†X!XX X!vI#ÔÐ €Ð Ð40-35-113(13).€€In€fact,€a€counter€argument€could€be€made€that€a€better€educated€defendant€wouldÐ l¼ Ðmore€appreciate€the€criminality€of€his€actions€than€would€one€with€less€education.€€Likewise,€anÐ X ¨ Ðargument€could€be€made€that€a€better€educated€defendantððs€decision€to€sell€drugs,€rather€than€pursueÐ D!” Ðemployment€opportunities€available€because€of€that€education,€evidences€a€decision€that€sellingÐ 0"€  Ðdrugs€is€more€profitable€than€gainful€employment.Ð #l! ÐÌà  àThe€record€reflects€that€the€trial€court€considered€all€of€the€mitigating€factors€and€found€thatÐ ô$D # Ðð ðnone€hold€enough€weight€to€mitigate€the€sentence.ðð€€We€agree€and€conclude€that€the€argument€isÐ à%0!$ Ðwithout€merit.€Ð Ì&"% ÐÌÓ  Óò òIII.€€Consecutive€Sentencingó óÐ ¤(ô#' ÐÌÓMÓà  àThe€defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€improperly€ordered€the€sentences€from€the€instantÐ |*Ì%) Ðoffenses€to€run€consecutively€to€the€eight„year€sentence€from€the€1999€convictions.€€€Ð h+¸&* Їà  àAs€a€general€rule,€consecutive€sentences€are€imposed€at€the€discretion€of€the€trial€court€uponÐ ° Ðits€consideration€of€one€or€more€of€the€following€statutory€criteria:Ð œì ÐÌÓ*°ØXƒX× –X°œX*Óà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(1)à0× ` x` xàThe€defendant€is€a€professional€criminal€who€has€knowinglyÐ tÄ Ðdevoted€such€defendantððs€life€to€criminal€acts€as€a€major€sourceÐ `° Ðof€livelihood;ÐL œ× x× x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(2)à0× ` x` xàThe€defendant€is€an€offender€whose€record€of€criminal€activityÐ $ t Ðis€extensive;Ð `× x× x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(3)à0× ` x` xàThe€defendant€is€a€dangerous€mentally€abnormal€person€soÐ è 8  Ðdeclared€by€a€competent€psychiatrist€who€concludes€as€a€resultÐ Ô$  Ðof€an€investigation€prior€to€sentencing€that€the€defendantððsÐ À  Ðcriminal€conduct€has€been€characterized€by€a€pattern€of€repetitiveÐ ¬ü  Ðor€compulsive€behavior€with€heedless€indifference€toÐ ˜è  Ðconsequences;Ð„Ô × x× x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(4)à0× ` x` xàThe€defendant€is€a€dangerous€offender€whose€behavior€indicatesÐ \¬ Ðlittle€or€no€regard€for€human€life,€and€no€hesitation€aboutÐ H˜ Ðcommitting€a€crime€in€which€the€risk€to€human€life€is€high;Ð4„× x× x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(5)à0× ` x` xàThe€defendant€is€convicted€of€two€(2)€or€more€statutory€offensesÐ  \ Ðinvolving€sexual€abuse€of€a€minor€with€consideration€of€theÐ øH Ðaggravating€circumstances€arising€from€the€relationship€betweenÐ ä4 Ðthe€defendant€and€victim€or€victims,€the€time€span€of€defendantððsÐ Ð  Ðundetected€sexual€activity,€the€nature€and€scope€of€the€sexualÐ ¼  Ðacts€and€the€extent€of€the€residual,€physical€and€mental€damageÐ ¨ø Ðto€the€victim€or€victims;Дä× x× x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(6)à0× ` x` xàThe€defendant€is€sentenced€for€an€offense€committed€while€onÐ l¼ Ðprobation;€orÐX ¨× x× x ÐÌÓÓà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(7)à0× ` x` xàThe€defendant€is€sentenced€for€criminal€contempt.Ð0"€ × x× x ÐÓ`WÓTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b).€€These€criteria€are€stated€in€the€alternative;€therefore,€only€oneÐ $X" Ðneed€exist€to€support€the€appropriateness€of€consecutive€sentencing.Ð ô$D # ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€applied€criteria€(1)€and€(6).€€The€defendant€only€contests€the€application€ofÐ Ì&"% Ðcriterion€(1).€€Criterion€(6),€which€clearly€applies,€is€not€contested.€€Because€only€one€of€the€statutoryÐ ¸'#& Ðcriteria€need€apply€for€consecutive€sentencing€to€be€proper,€the€defendantððs€argument€is€baseless.€Ð ¤(ô#' ÐHowever,€the€record€supports€the€trial€courtððs€finding€that€the€defendant€is€ð ða€professional€criminalÐ )à$( Ðwho€has€knowingly€devoted€such€defendantððs€life€to€criminal€acts€as€a€major€source€of€livelihood.ðð€Ð |*Ì%) ÐòòSeeóó€òòid.óó€ðð€40„35„115(b)(1).Ð h+¸&* Їà  àThe€defendant€has€several€convictions€for€the€sale€of€drugs€dating€back€to€when€he€was€aÐ ° Ðjuvenile.€€The€defendant€admitted€that€his€involvement€in€the€drug€trade€is€to€provide€extra€income;Ð œì Ðhowever,€the€amount€of€money€the€defendant€made€is€unclear.€€At€the€sentencing€hearing,€OfficerÐ ˆØ ÐEscobar€testified€that€the€defendant€stated€that€he€was€making€$3500€weekly€from€drug€sales.€€TheÐ tÄ Ðdefendantððs€testimony€was€that€he€was€being€paid€$50€or€$100€every€time€his€cousin€came€by€to€pickÐ `° Ðup€more€drugs.€€His€personal€statement€was€that€he€was€making€$200€biweekly€from€his€job€atÐ L œ ÐHardeeððs€restaurant.€€Even€using€the€lowest€figure€available,€the€money€made€from€drugs€was€aÐ 8 ˆ Ðmajor€source€of€the€defendantððs€livelihood.€€We€conclude€that€the€trial€court€properly€found€that€theÐ $ t Ðdefendant€is€a€professional€criminal€under€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€40„35„115(b)(1).€€Ð  ` ÐÌÓ  Óòòò òCONCLUSIONó óóóÐ è 8  ÐÓÄ_ÓÌà  àBased€upon€the€foregoing€authorities€and€reasoning,€we€affirm€the€trial€courtððs€judgments€ofÐ À  Ðconviction.Ð ¬ü  ÐÌÌÌà  àà ` àà × àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð \¬ Ðà  àà ` àà × àà  àà h àà À àà  àALAN€E.€GLENN,€JUDGE