ÿWPC¥! …# VU:a %› 0D¡w@å4% 9 0ˆH 0DÐ  0J 0Tf 0^º 0h 0r€ 0|ò 0†n 0ô 1u„ 0dù B]U *zB)¤DCÍ AM]®m D3­Ntû 0@ov~¯vÓ- AO ÆO 0D! D/Y! Bˆ!˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLüÏ,c½¬AZ‹"Arial RegularX(ñÄ$¡¡Ò€°ÒÒX°Ò ¬[­®¯°D±²ˆe³ ´DµÓ€³†;$3|x¾(8(3Åå$¤¤Ý ƒñÄ!ÝÒ€°ÒÒX°ÒÝ  Ýà Ø àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d%%%%7Border 1dd€-&Cþÿ << Gÿÿ Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€$ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÔ€$ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€$XÔÌÌJulyÏ22,Ï1998ÌÌCecilÏW.ÏCrowsonÌAppellateÏCourtÏClerkÔ  Ôó ó ¤Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€$ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€$ôÔNystagmus€is€an€involuntary€jerking€movement€of€the€eye€as€it€attempts€to€focus€on€a€fixedÏpoint€or€as€it€moves€from€side€to€side.€€The€unsteady€motion€results€from€the€bodyððs€attempt€to€maintainÏorientation€and€balance.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Murphyóó,€953€S.W.2d›€200,€202€(Tenn.€1997)(citing€òòState€v.ÏœCissne›óó,€865€P.œ2d›€564,€566€(1994)).€€ð ðThe€theory€behind€the€[œHGN›]€test€is€that€there€is€a€strongÏcorrelation€between€the€amount€of€alcohol€a€person€consumes€and€the€angle€of€onset€of€nystagmus.ðð€ÏòòMurphyóó€953€œS.W.2d›€at€202€(quoting€òòState€v.€œWitte›óó,€836€P.œ2d›€1110,€1112€(1992)(quoting€Carper€&ÏœMcCamey›,€òòGaze€Nystagmusóó:€òòScientific€Proof€of€œDUI›?óó,€777€ò òœIll.B.J.›ó ó€146,€147€(1988))).€€Ì'ÿÿdxd £Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€$ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€$ôÔDeputy€Rogers€testified€that€the€appellant€was€wearing€a€tank€top,€long€pants,€and€hiking€boots€Ïon€the€evening€of€the€arrest.€€In€contrast,€the€appellant€stated€that€he€was€wearing€a€brown€T„shirt,€shortÏpants€and€tennis€shoes.Ì jÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€$ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€$ôÔAlthough€this€case€involved€a€bench€trial,€the€findings€of€the€trial€judge€who€conducted€theÏproceedings€carry€the€same€weight€as€a€jury€verdict.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Tateóó,€615€S.W.2d€161,€162€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1981).€€A€guilty€verdict€rendered€by€a€jury€accredits€the€Stateððs€witnesses€and€a€presumptionÏof€guilt€replaces€the€presumption€of€innocence.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Graceóó,€493€S.W.2d€474,€476€(Tenn.Ï1973).Ì("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  ÒPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€$ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÑ  ÑÑ € ÑÑ\R AØ'\Ñ›Ñ7€ª´XXdædÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ќـ€ÙßR€'(&A1-j|` , `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌà@ àAT€NASHVILLEÌÌà@ àFEBRUARY€1998€SESSIONÌÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àà àNO.€œ01C01›„9705„CC„00189Ìà àAppelleeà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àà àWILLIAMSON€COUNTYÌv.à àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àà àHon.€Henry€Denmark€BellÌROY€D.€LEACHà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àà à(œD.U.I.›)Ìà àAppellant.à àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)ÌÌÌòòFor€the€Appellantóó:à àà àà àà àà àà àòòFor€the€Appelleeóó:ÌÌVirginia€Lee€Storyà àà àà àà àà àà àJohn€Knox€WalkupÌ136€Fourth€Avenue€Southà àà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÌP.O.€Box€1608ÌFranklin,€TN.€37065à àà àà àà àà àKaren€M.€œYacuzzo›Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà à425€Fifth€Avenue€NorthÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àœ2nd›€Floor,€œCordell›€Hull€BuildingÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN.€37243„0493Ìà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àJoseph€D.€œBaugh›,€Jr.Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àWilliamson€County€œCthse›.€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àSuite€G„6,€€P.O.€Box€937Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àFranklin,€TN.€37065„0937Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:____________________ÌÌAFFIRMED€ÌÌWILLIAM€M.€BARKER,€JUDGEÌÌÓÓà@ àOPINIONÌà àThe€appellant,€Roy€D.€Leach,€appeals€as€of€right€his€conviction€in€the€CircuitÏCourt€of€Williamson€County.€€After€a€bench€trial,€the€appellant€was€convicted€ofÏdriving€under€the€influence€of€an€intoxicant€and€was€sentenced€to€eleven€(11)€monthsÏand€twenty€nine€(29)€days€in€the€county€jail.€€The€trial€court€ordered€the€sentence€toÏbe€€suspended€for€a€term€of€probation€upon€the€service€of€forty€eight€(48)€hours€in€jail.€ÏAdditionally,€the€appellantððs€driverððs€license€was€revoked€for€one€(1)€year€and€he€wasÏordered€to€pay€a€three€hundred€and€fifty€($350)€dollar€fine.Ìà àOn€appeal,€the€appellant€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence.€ÏWe€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.Ìà àAround€midnight€on€July€10,€1996,€the€appellant€was€stopped€by€DeputyÏDeborah€Rogers€of€the€Williamson€County€Sheriffððs€Department€after€she€observedÏhim€weaving€in€traffic€with€his€headlights€turned€off.€€Deputy€Rogers€testified€that€sheÏapproached€the€appellantððs€truck€and€noticed€an€odor€of€alcohol€on€his€breath.€€SheÏinformed€the€appellant€that€she€had€noticed€him€veering€in€the€road€and€he€admittedÏthat€he€had€been€drinking€alcoholic€beverages€earlier€in€the€evening.€€Ìà àDeputy€Rogers€conducted€three€field€sobriety€tests€on€the€appellant.€€The€firstÏtest€was€the€horizontal€gaze€nystagmus€(ð ðœHGN›ðð)€test€in€which€the€appellant€wasÏrequired€to€follow€the€movement€of€the€deputyððs€finger€with€his€eyes.× ƒ) ××  ×€€According€toÏDeputy€Rogers,€the€appellant€failed€the€test€because€he€could€not€follow€theÏmovement€of€her€finger.€€Instead,€his€eyes€made€jerking€movements€and€displayedÏsigns€of€intoxication.Ìà àDeputy€Rogers€provided€the€only€testimony€concerning€the€appellantððs€œHGN›Ïtest.€€Although€not€raised€by€either€party€on€appeal,€our€supreme€court€has€recentlyÏheld€that€testimony€concerning€the€œHGN›€test€constitutes€ð ðscientific,€technical,€or€otherÏspecialized€knowledge.ðð€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Murphyóó,€953€œS.W.2d›€200,€203€(Tenn.€1997).€ÍAs€such,€it€must€be€offered€through€a€qualified€expert€witness€in€accordance€withÏRules€702€and€703€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Evidence.€€òòId.óó€€Ìà àIn€this€case,€Deputy€Rogers€was€not€qualified€as€an€expert€on€how€alcoholÏconsumption€affects€eye€nystagmus.€€However,€we€conclude€that€any€error€in€thatÏregard€was€harmless€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€Tenn.€R.€œApp›.€P.€36(b);€Tenn.€R.ÏœCrim›.€P.€52(a).€€The€remaining€evidence€against€the€appellant€was€sufficient€toÏwarrant€his€conviction.Ìà àThe€second€field€sobriety€test€was€the€ð ðwalk€and€turn.ðð€€Using€lines€on€theÏparking€lot,€Deputy€Rogers€ordered€the€appellant€to€walk€heel„to„toe€in€a€straight€lineÏfor€nine€steps€before€turning€around€and€returning€in€the€same€manner.€€DeputyÏRogers€testified€that€she€€explained€the€test€to€the€appellant;€however,€he€was€unableÏto€successfully€complete€it.€€The€appellant€had€trouble€maintaining€balance,€he€failedÏto€walk€heel„to„toe,€and€he€stopped€several€times€to€be€reminded€how€to€finish€theÏtest.Ìà àThe€final€test€was€the€ð ðone„leg€stand.ðð€€Deputy€Rogers€testified€that€beforeÏadministering€the€test,€she€followed€her€customary€procedure€of€asking€the€suspectÏabout€any€existing€leg€or€back€ailments.€€She€stated€that€the€appellant€made€noÏcomplaints€of€any€existing€physical€problems€and€attempted€three€times€to€completeÏthe€test.€€According€to€Deputy€Rogers,€the€appellant€repeatedly€put€his€other€legÏdown€and€on€one€occasion,€told€the€deputy€that€the€test€was€too€difficult.€€€€€€€€€€Ìà àIn€addition,€Deputy€Rogers€observed€the€appellantððs€demeanor€during€the€fieldÏsobriety€tests.€€She€testified€that€the€appellant€had€trouble€remembering€the€testÏinstructions€and,€at€times,€appeared€both€nervous€and€aloof.€€She€stated€that€at€oneÏpoint,€the€appellant€began€to€turn€and€walk€away€while€she€was€explaining€a€test€toÏhim.€€From€her€observations,€she€determined€that€the€appellant€was€intoxicated€andÏarrested€him€for€œD.U.I.›.€ÌÑ  Ñà àDeputy€Rogers€testified€that€she€informed€the€appellant€about€the€optionalÏblood/alcohol€and€breath€examinations.€€The€appellant,€however,€declined€both€tests,Ïclaiming€that€he€had€not€been€drinking.€€Deputy€Rogers€initially€testified€that€she€tookÏthe€appellant€to€the€local€jail€when€he€refused€the€blood€and€breath€exams.€€She€laterÏrecalled€that€she€first€took€the€appellant€to€a€nearby€hospital€before€he€wasÏtransported€to€jail.Ìà àThe€appellant€testified€in€his€own€defense€that€he€was€returning€from€a€fishingÏtrip€when€Deputy€Rogers€conducted€the€traffic€stop.€€According€to€the€appellant,€heÏwas€not€driving€with€his€lights€off€and€he€never€admitted€to€consuming€alcoholicÏbeverages.€€He€further€disputed€the€deputyððs€testimony€concerning€the€manner€of€hisÏdress× ƒ+ ××  ×€and€the€manner€in€which€she€conducted€the€sobriety€tests.€€The€appellantÏtestified€that€Deputy€Rogers€conducted€the€œHGN›€eye€test€with€a€pen€instead€of€herÍfinger,€and€he€stated€that€the€deputy€never€questioned€him€about€any€physicalÏproblems€before€he€performed€the€ð ðone„leg€standðð€test.€€Ìà àThe€appellant€further€testified€that€after€his€arrest,€Deputy€Rogers€transportedÏhim€to€a€nearby€hospital€for€a€blood€test.€€The€appellant€signed€an€implied€consentÏform€at€the€hospital,€but€did€not€take€the€blood€test.€€He€testified€that€instead,€heÏrequested€to€take€a€breathalyser,€but€the€deputy€refused€to€administer€that€exam.€ÏThe€appellant€stated€that€he€had€not€been€drinking€and€that,€in€his€opinion,€heÏsuccessfully€completed€each€of€the€field€sobriety€tests.Ìà àThe€appellantððs€cousin,€Michael€Carter,€testified€for€the€defense€that€he€hadÏbeen€with€the€appellant€from€8:30€p.m.€that€evening€until€approximately€midnight.€€Mr.ÏCarter€testified€that€he€did€not€see€the€appellant€drink€alcoholic€beverages€and€thatÏappellant€did€not€smell€of€alcohol.€€He€further€stated€that€the€appellant€did€not€showÏany€signs€of€intoxication€when€appellant€parked€a€fishing€boat€between€two€cars€thatÏevening.€€However,€Mr.€Carter€admitted€that€he€was€working€on€a€car€while€he€wasÏwith€the€appellant€and€that€he€did€not€closely€observe€appellantððs€actions.€Ìà àIn€considering€the€above€evidence,€the€trial€judge€noted€that€the€case€turnedÏon€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses.€€The€trial€judge€accredited€the€testimony€of€DeputyÏRogers€and€found€the€appellant€guilty€of€œD.U.I.›.€€Ìà àThe€appellant€contends€that€the€testimony€of€Deputy€Rogers€alone€isÏinsufficient€to€support€his€conviction€of€œD.U.I.›.€€He€argues€that€her€testimony€wasÍimpeached€by€alleged€inconsistencies€and€by€his€own€testimony€at€trial.€€The€trialÏcourt€noted€the€conflicting€testimony€between€Deputy€Rogers€and€the€appellant€andÏchose€to€accredit€the€deputyððs€testimony.€€That€determination€is€accorded€substantialÏdeference€on€appeal€and€will€not€be€reweighed€or€re„evaluated€by€this€Court.€€òòSeeóó€€€ÏòòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).× ƒ, ××  ×€€Ìà àFrom€the€record,€we€conclude€that€the€evidence€was€sufficient€for€a€rationalÏtrier€of€fact€to€convict€the€appellant€of€œD.U.I.›.€€The€appellant€has€failed€to€carry€hisÏburden€of€demonstrating€otherwise.Ìà àAccordingly,€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.ÌÓÓÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à____________________________€€€€€€€€Ïà àà àà àà àà àà àà àWILLIAM€M.€BARKER,€JUDGEÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌ____________________________ÌGARY€R.€WADE,€Presiding€Judge€€ÌÌÌ____________________________ÌJ.€œCURWOOD›€œWITT›,€JR.,€œJUDGE›œ›œ›