ÿWPCE æRI.§»z6eV¯ Û{~ëMíäÚ¦YÇØ“r§ÜŒzX ”šf“…&ÿÄ]òÉ(•c=½¾¾ãÊ´«€©œ—W{qÿzL¥…Œ›m%B ia›j%´1Jîõ ­•E[?ÎüOÛqCDcÇðÖ„¯O«eùAWêìÍ ŒÈůF¨‹ótìŠÙÏo§þ›˜b Ðžhˆ>¥Œ¥µDŒ:üÒ÷Ø:CØPÿ&OÓÉr=Úu¿S‚æÆ%}ÍÍ£žÀÎ’ÌæpcíéQÆ`MÃ\o õGÁ*5»©Žÿ­ãâ¬,Ë¥TÒ#Õi~Ò7ï*)ïÃ7pVÀpWé¼Àâÿ¾/ÔhÚ´#hýaNœ‚ôñzÀŒ(I©cÒ²9edQÆ®œ2éŲ–—} N_L›–x2¶¥£¡â@·á¬^SÐ,ÝZpäœøWÉ\œ×ò#C~Åç”þN¢p×®dwé¢-¥bƒâÊHÃ:¾õ£ÿ uJžÓe²ùÜíöáž> ¢º‘ðB>!h,:=IS>(‡û}¶ßé2 =-%‰x:ÿ˳ÏàÃ~åäâ¶¾±®˜.á*-Bh={ ’ˆÂwì±m¯öÆ8LwWKí³ÿoOW‰–£pf %”^ š 0ˆ¦UN.w|4€” z£Ò ï mñ #Á 1É Æú ÆÀ ƆÆL 0DNV 0ôX 0ñLE= 0î? 0ë- 0è 0å 0âå 0ßÇ 0ܦ 0â‚ 0ßd 0ÜC 0Ù 0Öø 0ÓÎ 0С 0Íq 0Ê> 0á 0Þé 0ÛÇ! 0Ø¢" 0Õz# 0ÒO$ 0Ï!%bð% 0Ìø% 0ÉÄ& 00' 0<½' 0¾ù' 0>·( 0võ( 0`k) 0`Ë) 0`+* 0`‹* 0`ë* 08K+ 0Òƒ+ 02U, 0ü‡, 0:ƒ- 0 Y½- 0_. 0 u. 0j/ 0„é0 B*m2 D/—2 0„Æ2 D/J4 0Îy4 06G5 0}5 0:…6 0^¿6 0<7 AMY7 0N¦7U6ô7 0ë*8U>9U*S9ã}9 B`:i}: 0¤æ< D5Š= D-¿= 0Kì=†7> AS½@ÆA 0¤ÖA 0DzB A«¾BiCiCiC«qC»U›-â (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman RegularyG*dX¢3|x ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ˜HP LaserJet 4050ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0 'Ý ƒR'û$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¡•ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€€The€defense€did€not€fare€much€better€than€the€state€did€with€Ash€and€Richmond.€€Both€women€had€rebuffedÐ ° Ðdefense€efforts€to€interview€them€pretrial.Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2J+M ÿÿ0_level1Ó ¨ý ÓÓ X ÓÓ2( ` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 2ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2G+M ÿÿ0_level2Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ° ÓÓ/%` ` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ /ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2D+M ÿÿ0_level3Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ,"¸ ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ ,ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2A+M ÿÿ0_level4Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ` ÓÓ) hÀpÈ xÐ )ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2>+M ÿÿ0_level5Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ¸ ÓÓ&hhÀpÈ xÐ &ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2;+M ÿÿ0_level6Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ#ÀÀpÈ xÐ #ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó28+M ÿÿ0_level7Ó ¨ý ÓÓ h ÓÓ pÈ xÐ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó25+M ÿÿ0_level8Ó ¨ý ÓÓ À ÓÓppÈ xÐ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó22+M ÿÿ0_level9Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓÈÈ xÐ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2JM ÿÿ0_levsl1Ó ¨ý ÓÓ X ÓÓ2( ` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 2ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2GM ÿÿ0_levsl2Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ° ÓÓ/%` ` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ /ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2DM ÿÿ0_levsl3Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ,"¸ ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ ,ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2AM ÿÿ0_levsl4Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ` ÓÓ) hÀpÈ xÐ )ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2>M ÿÿ0_levsl5Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ¸ ÓÓ&hhÀpÈ xÐ &ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2;M ÿÿ0_levsl6Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ#ÀÀpÈ xÐ #ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó28M ÿÿ0_levsl7Ó ¨ý ÓÓ h ÓÓ pÈ xÐ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó25M ÿÿ0_levsl8Ó ¨ý ÓÓ À ÓÓppÈ xÐ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó22M ÿÿ0_levsl9Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓÈÈ xÐ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2JM ÿÿ0_levnl1Ó ¨ý ÓÓ X ÓÓ2( ` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 2ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2GM ÿÿ0_levnl2Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ° ÓÓ/%` ` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ /ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2DM ÿÿ0_levnl3Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ,"¸ ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ ,ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2AM ÿÿ0_levnl4Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ` ÓÓ) hÀpÈ xÐ )ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2>M ÿÿ0_levnl5Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ¸ ÓÓ&hhÀpÈ xÐ &ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2;M ÿÿ0_levnl6Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ#ÀÀpÈ xÐ #ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó28M ÿÿ0_levnl7Ó ¨ý ÓÓ h ÓÓ pÈ xÐ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó- ù-25M ÿÿ0_levnl8Ó ¨ý ÓÓ À ÓÓppÈ xÐ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó22M ÿÿ0_levnl9Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓÈÈ xÐ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó0ÿÿ.Normal<ÿÿ:Definition T<AAÿÿ:Definition LÓ , ÓÓ5+Ü Ü` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5Ó8ÿÿ6Definitionòòóó(''ÿÿ&H1ò òÔ  ÔÔ‡°°°ÔÔ‡XXXÔó óÔ  Ô(ÿÿ&H2ò òÔ‡„„„ÔÔ‡XXXÔó ó(ÿÿ&H3ò òÔ‡¼¼¼ÔÔ‡XXXÔó ó(ÿÿ&H4ò òÔ‡XXXÔó óÔ‡XXXÔ(ÿÿ&H5ò òÔ‡ôôôÔÔ‡XXXÔó ó(ÿÿ&H6ò òÔ‡ÔÔ‡XXXÔó ó2ÿÿ0Addressòòóó8MMÿÿ6BlockquoteÓ , ÓÓ , ÓÓ5+Ü Ü` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5Ó,ÿÿ*CITEòòóó,dlÿÿ*CODEÔ‡ôôôÔÔK‡Q<þ6X9`(‹Courier NewKÔÔ‡XXXÔÔS‡Sô\  `‹&Times New RomanSÔ4ÿÿ2Emphasisòòóó6ÿÿ4HyperlinkóóòòÔ ÿ ÔóóÔ  Ô<ÿÿ:FollowedHypeóóòòÔ €€ ÔóóÔ  Ô4goÿÿ2Keyboardò òÔ‡ôôôÔÔK‡Q<þ6X9`(‹Courier NewKÔÔ‡XXXÔÔS‡Sô\  `‹&Times New RomanSÔó ó<“›ÿÿ:PreformattedÓ/%° °Ïî ,KkŠ©È %#/ÓÔ‡ôôôÔÔK‡Q<þ6X9`(‹Courier NewKÔÔ‡XXXÔÔS‡Sô\  `‹&Times New RomanSÔÓ/%° °Ïî ,KkŠ©È %#/Ó<š®ÿÿ:z©Bottom of Ó7€F(€X7ÓÓ  ÓÔ‡ÔÔ?‡T%ä2¼A`‹Arial?ÔÓ  ÓÔ‡XXXÔÔS‡Sô\  `‹&Times New RomanSÔÓ7€Z(€X7Ó&ÿÿ  d dE)1dxd<š®ÿÿ:z©Top of ForÓ7€H(€X7ÓÓ  ÓÔ‡ÔÔ?‡T%ä2¼A`‹Arial?ÔÓ  ÓÔ‡XXXÔÔS‡Sô\  `‹&Times New RomanSÔÓ7€Z(€X7ÓE)2dxd0KSÿÿ.SampleÔK‡Q<þ6X9`(‹Courier NewKÔÔS‡Sô\  `‹&Times New RomanSÔ0ÿÿ.Strongò òó ó8dlÿÿ6TypewriterÔ‡ôôôÔÔK‡Q<þ6X9`(‹Courier NewKÔÔ‡XXXÔÔS‡Sô\  `‹&Times New RomanSÔ4ÿÿ2Variableòòóó: ÿÿ8HTML MarkupÔB  ÔÔ ÿ ÔÔ  Ô2 ÿÿ0CommentÔB  ÔX[ZA<< cÿÿ(ÍO$——ÔÿÔòòóóÔÿÔ<þ6X9`(‹Courier New(|G2'û$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€ »»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¡•ò»»Ôô\  `‹&Times New Roman%ä2¼A`‹Arial ÙÝ ƒR'û$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¡•ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔSome€the€defendantððs€pretrial€statements€also€indicate€that€he€did€not€shoot€the€victim. d _Ý ƒR'û$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¡•ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€€The€opinion€to€which€the€defendant€cites€for€this€proposition€was€designated€ð ðNot€for€Citation,ðð€whenÐ ° Ðpermission€to€appeal€was€denied€by€the€supreme€court.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€Sup.€Ct.€4(F)(1),€(2).€€Furthermore,€the€jury€in€thatÐ tÄ Ðcase€did€not€convict€on€premeditated€first„degree€murder;€it€convicted€on€the€lesser„included€offense€of€recklessÐ 8ˆ Ðhomicide.€€The€jury€also€convicted€on€a€separate€felony„murder€count.(|3?c$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€ »»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV)ÿÿ!dxdx)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó Ò  ' ib014r90ib014r9 .   ^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3?c$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€ »»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKK  ¡Ý ƒR'û$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¡•ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€trial€court€should€not€have€instructed€the€jury€that€accessory€after€the€fact€to€the€murder€was€a€lesser„Ð ° Ðincluded€offense.€€òòState€v.€Jon€Robert€Goodaleóó,€No.€M2000„02140„CCA„R3„CD,€slip€op.€at€6€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,Ð tÄ ÐNashville,€Sept.€14,€2001).Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€ »»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼ »»»ÔÑ8€T‘XXdì»»d8Ñà@ttìàÔ‡î ¬î»¼ ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@WW$ìàAT€KNOXVILLEÔ#†¼ »îî ¬ #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àFebruary€26,€2002€SessionÐ üL ÐÔ‡XT‘X»¼ ÔÌà0 @ àò òÔ#†¼ »XXT‘#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóó€v.€Ô_ÔLAVAYAÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔDEMONDÔ_Ô€LEEÔ‡XT‘X»¼ Ôó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òAppeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Hamilton€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNos.€220674€&€220676€€€€€€Douglas€A.€Meyer,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€E2001„00053„CCA„R3„CDÐ ¥õ  ÐAugust€5,€Ô_Ô2002Ô_ÔÐ ‘á  ÐßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€defendant,€Ô_ÔLavayaÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔDemondÔ_Ô€Lee,€appeals€from€his€jury€convictions€of€premeditated€first„degreeÐ xÈ  Ðmurder,€first„degree€felony€murder,€and€especially€aggravated€robbery€in€the€Hamilton€CountyÐ d´ ÐCircuit€Court.€€He€received€a€life€sentence€for€the€merged€murder€conviction€and€a€consecutive€20„Ð P  Ðyear€sentence€for€especially€aggravated€robbery.€€On€appeal,€he€complains€of€evidentiary€errors,€jury„Ð <Œ Ðinstruction€errors,€and€error€in€imposing€consecutive€sentences.€€We€affirm€the€convictions;€however,Ð (x Ðwe€vacate€the€order€imposing€consecutive€sentencing€and€impose€the€20„year€sentence€to€runÐ d Ðconcurrently€with€the€life€sentence.Ð P ÐÓÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3;€Judgment€of€the€Criminal€Court€Affirmed€in€Part,€Reversed€in€Part.ó óÐ Ø( ÐÌòòÓ  ÓJames€Ô_ÔCurwoodÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔWittÔ_Ô,€Jr.,€J.,Ô#†¼ »àXT‘Ô#ÔÔ‡XT‘X.¼ Ôóó€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòJerry€L.€Smith€óóandÔ#†¼ »XXT‘_ #ÔÔ‡XT‘X»¼ ÔòòÐ ° ÐRobert€W.€Ô_ÔWedemeyerÔ_Ô,€JJ.Ô#†¼ »àXT‘ê #ÔÔ‡XT‘X.¼ Ôóó,€joined.Ð œì ÐÌJohn€Allen€Brooks,€Chattanooga,€Tennessee,€for€the€Appellant,€Ô_ÔLavayaÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔDemondÔ_Ô€Lee.Ð tÄ ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€&€Reporter;€Mark€A.€Ô_ÔFulksÔ_Ô,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð L œ ÐWilliam€H.€Cox,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Rodney€C.€Strong,€Assistant€District€AttorneyÐ 8!ˆ  ÐGeneral,€for€the€Appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð $"t! ÐÓÔÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼ »XXT‘| #ÔÔ‡XT‘X»¼ ÔÐ ü#L# ÐòòóóÔ#†¼ »XXT‘÷ #ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XT‘X»¼ Ôà0  àÐ (#(# Ðà  àà ` àRoy€M.€Hunter€was€shot€and€killed€outside€his€Chattanooga€business€establishmentÐ Ô%$!% Ðon€the€evening€of€December€9,€1997.€€Mr.€Hunterððs€business,€Hunter€Transport€Company,€wasÐ À&"& Ðlocated€on€Long€Street,€across€from€a€social€establishment€variously€known€as€Long€StreetÐ ¬'ü"' ÐConfectionery€or€Ô_ÔSkeezerÔ_Ôððs€Lounge.€€€Earlier€that€day,€Mr.€Hunter€had€delivered€a€trailer€to€Newport,Ð ˜(è#( ÐTennessee,€and€he€returned€sometime€between€10:30€p.m.€and€11:00€p.m.€€He€parked€his€tractor€cabÐ „)Ô$) Ðon€the€street,€unlocked€the€business€gate,€and€was€heading€for€the€office€door€when€he€was€robbedÐ p*À%* Ðand€shot€twice.€€The€murder€weapon€was€never€recovered,€and€there€were€no€eyewitnesses€to€theÐ \+¬&+ Ðactual€robbery€and€shooting.Ð H,˜', ÐÐ 4-„(-ý  ÐÔ_Ôà  àà ` àA€police€investigation€led€to€the€arrest€of€the€defendant€and€his€cousin,€MarkÐ ° ÐCaldwell.€€The€two€men,€along€with€Christy€Ash€and€Claudette€Richmond,€had€been€at€SkeezerððsÐ œì ÐLounge€the€night€of€the€shooting.€€The€defendant€and€Caldwell€were€charged€with€premeditated,Ð ˆØ Ðfirst„degree€murder,€felony€murder,€and€especially€aggravated€robbery;€their€cases€were€severed,€andÐ tÄ Ðthe€charges€against€the€defendant€were€tried€first.€€The€proof€at€trial,€viewed€in€the€light€mostÐ `° Ðfavorable€to€the€state,€established€the€following.Ð L œ ÐÌà  àà ` àChattanooga€Police€Detective€William€Neblette€was€the€lead€homicide€investigatorÐ $ t Ðassigned€to€the€shooting.€€He€testified€that€he€arrived€at€the€scene€on€Long€Street€at€11:24€p.m.€€TwoÐ  ` Ðother€officers€had€already€secured€the€area.€€Detective€Neblette€viewed€the€victimððs€body,€which€wasÐ ü L  Ðlocated€between€a€van€parked€in€the€driveway€of€the€business€and€a€pile€of€tire€parts.€€He€stated€thatÐ è 8  Ða€wallet€and€a€set€of€keys€were€on€the€ground€close€to€the€victimððs€body.€€The€victimððs€brother,Ð Ô$  ÐThomas€Hunter,€testified€that€his€brother€typically€carried€a€wallet€in€his€left€rear€pocket,€which€heÐ À  Ðkept€buttoned,€and€that€his€brother€carried€his€keys€in€his€right€front€pocket.€€According€to€theÐ ¬ü  Ðbrother,€approximately€two€days€before€the€shooting€the€victim€had€cashed€a€company€check€forÐ ˜è  Ð$1,400€to€cover€truck€expenses.€€Ð „Ô  ÐÌà  àà ` àAt€trial,€Dr.€Frank€King,€the€Hamilton€County€Medical€Examiner,€testified€andÐ \¬ Ðconfirmed€that€the€victim€died€of€multiple€gunshot€wounds.€€Dr.€King€stated€that€the€victim€was€shotÐ H˜ Ðtwice.€€One€bullet€entered€the€left€side€of€the€victimððs€face€and€proceeded€through€the€jaw,€downwardÐ 4„ Ðthrough€the€neck,€and€into€the€right€chest.€€A€second€bullet€entered€the€victimððs€left€front€hip,€passedÐ  p Ðthrough€a€main€artery,€and€exited€the€victimððs€left€buttock.€€Dr.€King€characterized€the€gunshotÐ  \ Ðwound€to€the€face€as€a€ð ðdistant€gunshot€wound,ðð€meaning€that€the€end€of€the€gun€was€two€feet€orÐ øH Ðmore€from€the€body€when€discharged.€€By€contrast,€in€Dr.€Kingððs€opinion,€the€gun€barrel€was€inÐ ä4 Ðcontact€with€the€body€at€the€time€the€victim€was€shot€in€the€hip.€€The€stateððs€theory€was€that€the€Ð Ð  Ðdownward€trajectory€of€the€bullet€that€entered€the€victimððs€face€and€came€to€rest€in€his€right€chestÐ ¼  Ðwas€consistent€with€the€victim€first€being€shot€in€the€hip,€falling€to€the€ground,€and€last€being€shotÐ ¨ø Ðin€the€face.€€In€addition,€because€the€victimððs€wallet€was€not€bloodied€or€otherwise€damaged,€theÐ ”ä Ðstateððs€theory€was€that€the€wallet€had€been€removed€from€the€victimððs€left€rear€pocket€before€the€firstÐ €Ð Ðshot€was€ever€fired;€otherwise,€the€shot€to€the€left€front€hip€that€exited€the€victimððs€left€buttock€wouldÐ l¼ Ðhave€passed€through€the€wallet.Ð X ¨ ÐÌà  àà ` àAs€part€of€Detective€Nebletteððs€investigation,€he€interviewed€three€individuals€theÐ 0"€  Ðevening€of€the€shooting.€€Ossie€Poke€had€been€working€that€evening€at€his€automobile€repair€shopÐ #l! Ðlocated€one€and€one„€half€blocks€from€Skeezerððs€Lounge.€€Mr.€Poke€told€Detective€Neblette€that€heÐ $X" Ðheard€two€gun€shots€at€approximately€9:30€p.m.€€Mr.€Poke€did€not€investigate€at€the€time,€but€whenÐ ô$D # Ðhe€closed€up€his€shop€he€walked€toward€the€lounge€and€saw€the€police.€€Detective€NebletteÐ à%0!$ Ðinterviewed€and€took€a€recorded€statement€from€Albert€Sorrells€that€evening€and€another€statementÐ Ì&"% Ðthe€following€evening.€€The€third€person€interviewed€was€Jesse€€Deloach,€the€manager€of€SkeezerððsÐ ¸'#& ÐLounge.€€Detective€Neblette€stated€that€Mr.€Deloach€was€the€person€who€called€and€reported€theÐ ¤(ô#' Ðshooting€to€the€police.Ð )à$( Ðâ âÐ |*Ì%) Ðà  àà ` àAt€trial,€Detective€Neblette€related€that€he€first€encountered€Mark€Caldwell€theÐ ° Ðâ âevening€following€the€shooting.€€Another€officer€had€received€a€call€advising€that€a€person€who€hadÐ œì Ðbeen€at€the€lounge€the€evening€that€the€victim€was€shot€had€returned€to€the€lounge.€€DetectiveÐ ˆØ ÐNeblette€drove€to€Skeezerððs€Lounge,€and€he€testified€that€he€stopped€Caldwell€and€talked€to€him.€Ð tÄ ÐCaldwell€consented€to€a€search€of€his€vehicle€and€allowed€the€police€to€photograph€him.€€CaldwellÐ `° Ðwas€not€arrested€at€that€time.Ð L œ ÐÌà  àà ` àDetective€Neblette€testified€that€his€first€contact€with€Christy€Ash,€Caldwellððs€sister,Ð $ t Ðwas€on€January€15,€as€a€result€of€an€informantððs€tip.€€Detective€Neblette€and€another€officer€went€toÐ  ` ÐAshððs€apartment.€€Ash€answered€the€door,€but€she€falsely€identified€herself€as€ð ðBelinda.ðð€€She€toldÐ ü L  ÐDetective€Neblette€that€Ash€was€not€home.€€As€they€talked,€Detective€Neblette€spied€CaldwellÐ è 8  Ðwalking€through€the€apartment.€€Detective€Neblette€called€out€to€Caldwell.€€Caldwell€came€to€theÐ Ô$  Ðdoor,€and€Detective€Neblette€told€him€that€he€wanted€to€talk€with€Caldwellððs€sister.€€During€theÐ À  Ðcourse€of€the€conversation,€Detective€Neblette€also€asked€about€Caldwellððs€cousin€Claudette.€€Ð ¬ü  ÐÌà  àà ` àBased€on€partially€correct€information€from€Caldwell€and€ð ðBelinda,ðð€DetectiveÐ „Ô  ÐNeblette€located€Claudette€Richmond€and€interviewed€her€on€January€16.€€That€same€afternoon,€theÐ pÀ Ðpolice€found€Ash,€and€Detective€Neblette€interviewed€her€about€2:00€p.m.€€Detective€NebletteÐ \¬ Ðtestified€that€after€talking€with€the€two€women,€he€ordered€the€arrest€of€Caldwell€and€the€defendant.€Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àà ` àFollowing€the€defendantððs€arrest,€he€made€inculpatory€statements€that€the€stateÐ  p Ðintroduced€at€trial.€€Officer€Steve€Coleman€had€been€directed€to€transport€the€defendant€to€the€jail.€Ð  \ ÐOfficer€Coleman€testified€that€as€he€was€escorting€the€defendant€toward€the€jail€doors,€the€defendantÐ øH Ðtold€him€that€ð ðhe€robbed€the€man€but€he€didnððt€kill€anybody.ðð€€Similarly,€the€defendant€spoke€toÐ ä4 ÐDetective€Gary€Blair€following€the€preliminary€hearing€on€the€homicide€and€robbery€charges.€Ð Ð  ÐDetective€Blair€was€assigned€to€the€General€Sessions€Court,€and€he€escorted€prisoners€in€and€out€ofÐ ¼  Ðthe€courtroom.€€Detective€Blair€testified€that€when€he€was€taking€the€defendant€to€the€holding€cellÐ ¨ø Ðarea€of€the€courtroom,€the€defendant€told€him€that€ð ðhe€had€done€the€crime,€but€the€detective€had€toldÐ ”ä Ðsome€lies.ðð€Ð €Ð ÐÌà  àà ` àCaldwell,€who€was€awaiting€trial,€did€not€testify€in€this€case.€€The€state€did,€however,Ð X ¨ Ðcall€Ash€and€Richmond.€€Both€women€were€evasive€and€uncooperative.׃ ×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€first€to€testify€was€23Ð D!” Ðyear„old€Christy€Ash.€€She€explained€that€Caldwell€is€her€brother€and€that€the€defendant€andÐ 0"€  ÐRichmond€are€her€cousins.€€Ash€testified€that€on€the€day€of€the€shooting€the€defendant,€Richmond,Ð #l! Ðand€Caldwell€came€to€her€apartment.€€The€group€decided€to€go€to€Skeezerððs€Lounge,€and€they€€rodeÐ $X" Ðin€Caldwellððs€vehicle.€€Ash€claimed€not€to€remember€who€drove.€€She€did,€however,€finally€admitÐ ô$D # Ðthat€she€saw€a€gun€in€the€car.€€The€gun€belonged€to€her€brother,€Caldwell.€€As€for€finances,€AshÐ à%0!$ Ðtestified€that€she€had€approximately€$20€with€her€that€evening€and€that€she€could€not€recall€anyoneÐ Ì&"% Ðelse€in€the€group€having€money.Ð ¸'#& ÐÐ ¤(ô#' Ðà  àà ` àAccording€to€Ash,€once€the€group€got€to€Skeezerððs,€they€went€inside.€€She€andÐ ° ÐRichmond€played€cards€and€drank.€€Ash€testified€that€Caldwell€and€the€defendant€went€outsideÐ œì Ðperiodically€to€smoke.€€Ash€said€that,€after€a€time,€Caldwell€came€back€inside€and€told€the€womenÐ ˆØ Ðthat€ð ðit€was€time€to€go.ððÐ tÄ ÐÌà  àà ` àAsh,€Caldwell,€and€Richmond€left€the€lounge,€and€as€they€were€getting€into€Ð L œ ÐCaldwellððs€car,€Ash€said€that€the€defendant€came€walking€from€behind€the€car€and€got€into€the€rearÐ 8 ˆ Ðpassenger€seat.€€She€further€testified€that€the€defendant€had€a€gun€with€him€that€he€placed€in€theÐ $ t Ðfloorboard.€€Ash€related€that€when€she€and€Richmond€questioned€the€defendant€about€what€hadÐ  ` Ðhappened,€he€replied,€ð ðNothing,€donððt€worry€about€it.ðð€€At€the€preliminary€hearing,€Ash€had€testifiedÐ ü L  Ðthat€the€defendant€also€remarked,€ð ðI€hope€I€didnððt€kill€him.ðð€€At€trial,€Ash€initially€insisted€that€sheÐ è 8  Ðdid€not€remember€testifying€that€way,€but€after€hearing€a€portion€of€the€taped€hearing€and€after€beingÐ Ô$  Ðwarned€by€the€trial€court€about€the€penalties€for€perjury,€Ash€affirmed€that€at€the€preliminary€hearingÐ À  Ðshe€had€so€quoted€the€defendant.€€In€a€similarly€reluctant€fashion,€Ash€conceded€that€when€she€wasÐ ¬ü  Ðinterviewed€by€the€police,€she€told€them€that€while€the€defendant€was€in€the€car,€he€also€said€that€heÐ ˜è  Ðð ðwould€take€the€rapðð€and€that€he€would€ð ðtell€them€[he]€did€everything.ððÐ „Ô  ÐÌà  àà ` àAsh€testified€that€after€they€left€Skeezerððs,€they€drove€to€Krystal€to€buy€something€toÐ \¬ Ðeat€and€then€proceeded€to€her€apartment.€€In€route€to€the€apartment,€Ash€stated€that€the€defendant€Ð H˜ Ðasked€Caldwell€to€buy€him€some€ð ðpowder,€cocaine.ðð€€The€group,€however,€proceeded€to€theÐ 4„ Ðapartment,€and€once€there€Ash€told€the€defendant€not€to€bring€the€gun€inside€the€apartment.€€AshððsÐ  p Ðboyfriend,€Marcus€Heard,€was€at€the€apartment,€and€he€and€Caldwell€left€sometime€later€to€purchaseÐ  \ Ðmarijuana.€€The€defendant€did€not€accompany€Heard€and€Caldwell,€who€returned€about€fifteenÐ øH Ðminutes€later.€€Ash€testified€that€the€defendant€was€quite€drunk€and€that€he€went€to€sleep€soon€afterÐ ä4 Ðarriving€at€the€apartment.€€The€others€stayed€up,€played€cards,€and€smoked€the€marijuana.Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àà ` àClaudette€Richmond,€who€was€24€years€old€at€the€time,€testified€that€the€defendantÐ ¨ø Ðand€Caldwell€picked€her€up€in€North€Chattanooga€earlier€on€the€day€of€the€shooting.€€They€drove€toÐ ”ä ÐAshððs€apartment,€and€from€there€Richmond€drove€Caldwellððs€vehicle€to€Skeezerððs€Lounge.€Ð €Ð ÐRichmond€recalled€that€during€the€drive,€she€passed€a€gun€to€Caldwell,€who€was€sitting€in€the€backÐ l¼ Ðseat.Ð X ¨ ÐÌà  àà ` àRichmondððs€memory€of€what€took€place€at€Skeezerððs€Lounge€was€sketchy.€€SheÐ 0"€  Ðtestified€that€she€drank€and€played€cards.€€Caldwell€came€in€and€spoke€to€Ash€saying,€ð ðLetððs€go.ðð€Ð #l! ÐIn€her€statement€to€the€police,€Richmond€described€Caldwell€as€ð ðrushingðð€inside€the€lounge.€€AfterÐ $X" Ðreviewing€her€statement,€Richmond€agreed€that€Caldwell€was€in€a€hurry€to€leave.Ð ô$D # ÐÌà  àà ` àRichmond€initially€testified€that€when€they€left€the€lounge,€the€defendant€was€withÐ Ì&"% Ðthem.€€She€said,€ð ðAll€of€us€got€in€the€car.ðð€€Richmondððs€statement€to€the€police€and€her€preliminaryÐ ¸'#& Ðhearing€testimony€were€inconsistent€with€that€account.€€The€trial€court€advised€Richmond,€as€it€hadÐ ¤(ô#' Ðwith€Ash,€€about€the€penalties€for€perjury,€after€which€she€admitted€that€the€defendant€was€not€withÐ )à$( Ðthem€when€they€left€the€lounge€and€was€not€at€the€car€when€they€got€to€it.€€Richmond€testified€thatÐ |*Ì%) ÐCaldwell€got€into€the€driverððs€seat,€Ash€took€the€backseat€behind€Caldwell,€and€Richmond€sat€in€the€Ð h+¸&* Ðfront€with€Caldwell.€€When€the€defendant€arrived€and€got€into€the€backseat,€Richmond€stated€thatÐ ° Ðshe€told€him€not€to€sit€on€her€coat.€€The€defendant€moved€the€coat€and€sat€down.€€Richmond€testifiedÐ œì Ðthat€she€did€not€see€a€gun€at€that€time.Ð ˆØ ÐÌà  àà ` àAfter€they€returned€to€Ashððs€apartment,€Richmond€testified€that€Caldwell€produced€Ð `° Ðsome€money€and€divided€it€four€ways.€€Richmond€got€some€of€the€money;€she€was€uncertain€of€theÐ L œ Ðamount€but€thought€it€was€ð ðover€a€hundred€dollars.ðð€€The€defendant€was€asleep€at€that€time,€andÐ 8 ˆ ÐRichmond€did€not€see€him€take€any€of€the€money.€€She€also€claimed€to€be€unsure€if€Ash€took€anyÐ $ t Ðmoney.Ð  ` ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€defendant€testified€in€his€own€defense€and€presented€two€witnesses€at€trial.€€TheÐ è 8  Ð24€year„old€defendant€admitted€receiving€some€of€the€robbery€proceeds€but€denied€being€presentÐ Ô$  Ðwhen€the€victim€was€shot€and€denied€being€otherwise€involved€in€the€shooting€or€the€robbery.Ð À  ÐÌà  àà ` àAccording€to€the€defendant,€he€began€the€day€of€the€shooting€by€picking€up€RichmondÐ ˜è  Ðand€going€to€Ashððs€apartment.€€ð ðWe€all€sat€around,ðð€the€defendant€related,€ð ðhad€a€couple€of€drinks,Ð „Ô  Ðsmoked€some€marijuana,€and€we€decided€to€go€down€to€the€lounge.ðð€€Earlier€that€day,€the€defendantÐ pÀ Ðhad€seen€a€gun€in€Caldwellððs€car€under€the€floor€mat€of€the€driverððs€seat.€€When€the€group€left€toÐ \¬ Ðdrive€to€Skeezerððs,€the€defendant€saw€Richmond€hand€the€gun€to€Caldwell.Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àà ` àAt€the€lounge,€the€defendant€sat€with€Ash€and€Richmond€until€the€women€moved€toÐ  p Ðthe€back€of€the€lounge€to€play€cards.€€Then€the€defendant€sat€alone€and€drank€while€CaldwellÐ  \ Ðð ðmingl[ed]€around.ðð€€The€defendant€stated€that€he€went€outside€once€to€get€fresh€air€because€he€wasÐ øH Ðhot€and€drunk.€€He€had€told€Caldwell€that€he€was€ready€to€leave€because€he€was€drunk,€but€CaldwellÐ ä4 Ðwanted€to€stay.€€Therefore,€the€defendant€testified,€he€went€to€the€car,€lay€down€in€the€back€seat,€andÐ Ð  Ðwent€to€sleep.€€He€woke€up€when€the€first€gunshot€was€fired,€and€the€second€gunshot€prompted€himÐ ¼  Ðto€get€out€of€the€vehicle€at€which€time€he€saw€Caldwell€running€toward€him.€€The€defendant€said€thatÐ ¨ø ÐCaldwell€told€him€to€get€back€into€the€car,€but€the€defendant€refused€because€he€wanted€to€see€whatÐ ”ä Ðwas€happening.€€The€defendant€estimated€that€there€were€15€to€20€people€in€the€street;€he€did€not€seeÐ €Ð Ðthe€victim.Ð l¼ ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€defendant€testified€that€he€stood€outside€the€car€for€five€to€ten€minutes.€€The€otherÐ D!” Ðmembers€of€his€group€got€into€the€vehicle,€and€when€the€defendant€began€to€get€in,€Richmond€toldÐ 0"€  Ðhim€not€to€sit€on€her€coat.€€Richmond€reached€back€and€moved€her€coat,€at€which€time€the€defendantÐ #l! Ðstated€that€he€saw€a€pistol€on€the€back€seat.€€The€defendant€said€that€he€knocked€the€pistol€into€theÐ $X" Ðfloorboard.€€On€cross€examination,€the€defendant€could€not€explain€how€or€when€Caldwell€retrieved€Ð ô$D # Ðthe€gun€from€the€car€or€how€or€when€Caldwell€replaced€the€gun€inside€the€car€and€under€RichmondððsÐ à%0!$ Ðcoat.Ð Ì&"% ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€defendant€testified€that€after€leaving€the€lounge,€the€group€stopped€at€Krystal.€Ð ¤(ô#' ÐThe€defendant€ordered€food,€and€Caldwell€paid€for€it.€€Thereafter,€they€drove€to€Ashððs€apartment.€Ð )à$( ÐThe€defendant€testified€that€the€last€thing€he€remembered€was€going€to€Ashððs€apartment.€€When€heÐ |*Ì%) Ðwoke€in€the€morning,€Caldwell€gave€him€ð ða€hundred€and€something€odd€dollars.ðð€€The€defendantÐ h+¸&* Ðsaid€that€he€realized€the€source€of€the€money€later€in€the€day€when€he€saw€ð ðthe€news€flashðð€onÐ ° Ðtelevision.€€He,€nevertheless,€kept€the€money€because€he€was€ð ðjust€thinking€how€high€[he]€can€getÐ œì Ðoff€of€this€money.ðð€€The€defendant€did€not€contact€the€police€about€the€shooting€because€he€did€notÐ ˆØ Ðwant€to€implicate€his€cousin.€€Approximately€one€week€later,€the€defendant,€Caldwell,€and€AshÐ tÄ Ðtraveled€to€Atlanta€where€they€spent€robbery€money€on€lodging,€food,€and€clothing.Ð `° ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€defendant€testified€that€when€he€was€arrested€on€January€16,€he€gave€anÐ 8 ˆ Ðuntruthful€statement€to€the€police.€€He€claimed€that€his€motivation€was€to€hide€CaldwellððsÐ $ t Ðinvolvement€in€the€shooting.€€The€defendant€agreed€that€as€he€was€being€taken€to€jail,€he€made€aÐ  ` Ðstatement€to€the€transporting€officer.€€The€defendant€testified€that€he€said,€ð ðI€did€not€kill€Mr.€HunterÐ ü L  Ðbut€I€took€in€[sic]€some€of€the€money.ðð€€The€next€day,€the€defendant€tried€to€commit€suicide€whileÐ è 8  Ðin€custody.€€The€defendant€also€spoke€to€the€court€officer€at€his€preliminary€hearing.€€The€defendantÐ Ô$  Ðtestified€that€what€he€actually€said€to€the€officer€was,€ð ðIf€you€man€enough€to€do€the€crime,€you€gottaÐ À  Ðbe€man€enough€to€do€the€time,ðð€but€he€added€that€he€ð ðwas€not€man€enough€to€do€the€time€forÐ ¬ü  Ðsomeone€elseððs€crime.ððÐ ˜è  ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€defendant€concluded€his€testimony€by€confessing€that€he€took€part€of€the€robberyÐ pÀ Ðmoney.€€He€insisted,€however,€that€he€did€not€plan€with€Caldwell€to€rob€Mr.€Hunter€and€that€he€didÐ \¬ Ðnot€shoot€Mr.€Hunter.Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àà ` àAlbert€Sorrells€claimed€that€he€was€present€at€Skeezerððs€Lounge€the€evening€of€theÐ  p Ðshooting.€€At€the€time€Sorrells€testified€for€the€defense,€he€was€serving€an€incarcerative€sentence€forÐ  \ Ðviolation€of€Georgiaððs€controlled€substance€act,€and€his€criminal€record€included€convictions€forÐ øH Ðgrand€larceny,€receiving€stolen€property,€and€robbery.€€Sorrells€stated€that€he€was€outside€the€loungeÐ ä4 Ðwhen€Mr.€Hunter€drove€up,€parked,€and€headed€for€his€office.€€Sorrells€testified€that€he€saw€two€menÐ Ð  Ðwhom€he€knew€walk€up€to€the€victim,€whereupon€a€confrontation€ensued.€€Sorrells€did€not€see€theÐ ¼  Ðactual€shooting,€but€he€heard€gunshots€and€watched€the€two€men€run€back€into€the€lounge.€€SorrellsÐ ¨ø Ðtestified€that€the€defendant€was€not€one€of€those€men.€€From€a€photograph,€Sorrells€identifiedÐ ”ä ÐCaldwell€as€one€of€the€assailants,€and€the€other€assailant€was€a€man€named€Black.Ð €Ð ÐÌà  àà ` àSorrells€spoke€with€Detective€Neblette€later€that€evening€and€again€a€few€days€later.€Ð X ¨ ÐSorrells€initially€told€Neblette€that€he€was€inside€Skeezerððs€and€did€not€see€what€happened.€€SorrellsÐ D!” Ðtestified€on€cross„examination€that€he€lied€to€Detective€Neblette€because€he€did€not€feel€comfortableÐ 0"€  Ðtalking€with€him€but€that€he€told€Officer€Newsome€what€actually€happened.€€Sorrells€spoke€withÐ #l! ÐDetective€Neblette€a€second€time€in€the€presence€of€Officer€Newsome.€€Even€in€that€statement,Ð $X" Ðhowever,€Sorrells€never€mentioned€two€individuals;€he€told€the€officers€that€he€saw€only€one€personÐ ô$D # Ðcross€the€street€and€that€person€was€named€Black.€€On€cross€examination,€Sorrells€claimed€that€heÐ à%0!$ Ðmeant€that€Black€and€Caldwell€were€together€and€that€Black€shot€Mr.€Hunter.€€Sorrells€had€testifiedÐ Ì&"% Ðpreviously€that€he€did€not€see€the€actual€shooting,€and€when€the€state€pointed€out€that€inconsistency,Ð ¸'#& ÐSorrells€said€that€when€Black€was€running€away€after€the€shooting,€Black€had€the€gun€in€his€hand.€Ð ¤(ô#' ÐThe€state€also€asked€Sorrells€about€the€defendantððs€presence€at€Skeezerððs€Lounge.€€Sorrells€claimedÐ )à$( Ðthat€the€defendant€was€not€with€Caldwell€and,€indeed,€was€not€at€the€lounge€at€all€that€night.Ð |*Ì%) ÐÐ h+¸&* Ðà  àà ` àThe€defense€called€Nakia€Grasty,€who€knew€Caldwell,€had€shared€a€jail€cell€withÐ ° ÐCaldwell,€and€had€talked€with€Caldwell€about€the€shooting.€€At€the€time€Grasty€testified€at€trial,€heÐ œì Ðwas€incarcerated€in€the€Hamilton€County€Jail.€€Grasty€had€prior€convictions€for€multiple€thefts€andÐ ˆØ Ðaggravated€burglary.Ð tÄ ÐÌà  àà ` àGrasty€testified€that€while€he€and€Caldwell€were€in€the€same€cell,€Caldwell€beganÐ L œ Ðasking€questions€about€different€types€of€guns.€€The€conversation€eventually€led€to€CaldwellÐ 8 ˆ Ðdiscussing€the€shooting.€€Caldwellððs€account€of€the€shooting,€as€related€to€Grasty,€was€somewhatÐ $ t Ðmuddled.€€Caldwell€told€Grasty€that€the€victim,€ð ðdude,ðð€had€robbed€him€and€that€the€defendantÐ  ` Ðproposed€that€he€and€Caldwell€retrieve€the€money.€€When€they€went€to€get€the€money,€ð ðdudeððÐ ü L  Ðlaughed€at€Caldwell.€€Caldwell,€who€did€not€find€the€situation€amusing,€coincidently€had€the€hammerÐ è 8  Ðcocked€on€his€gun€and€accidentally€shot€ð ðdude.ððÐ Ô$  ÐÌà  àà ` àAfter€the€defense€rested,€the€state€recalled€Detective€Neblette.€€He€testified€about€hisÐ ¬ü  Ðinvestigative€efforts€to€locate€the€person€who€Sorrells€had€identified€as€ð ðBlack.ðð€€Based€upon€aÐ ˜è  Ðdescription€provided€by€Sorrells,€Detective€Neblette€created€several€photographic€lineups€ofÐ „Ô  Ðindividuals€with€the€nickname€ð ðBlack.ðð€€Detective€Neblette€included€a€photograph€of€Caldwell€inÐ pÀ Ðone€of€the€lineups.€€Sorrells€did€not€pick€out€Caldwell€as€one€of€the€individuals€he€claimed€to€haveÐ \¬ Ðseen;€moreover,€the€individual€Sorrells€did€select€from€the€lineup€had€been€incarcerated€in€AtlantaÐ H˜ Ðat€the€time€of€the€shooting.Ð 4„ ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€jury€deliberated,€and€based€upon€the€proof€it€found€the€defendant€guilty€ofÐ  \ Ðpremeditated€first„degree€murder,€felony€murder,€and€especially€aggravated€robbery.€€Because€theÐ øH Ðstate€was€seeking€a€sentence€of€life€without€the€possibility€of€parole€for€the€homicide€convictions,Ð ä4 Ða€separate€penalty„phase€trial€ensued.€€The€jury€rejected€the€single€statutory€aggravating€circumstanceÐ Ð  Ðadvanced€by€the€state€that€the€victim€was€killed€to€interfere€with€his€ability€to€act€as€a€witness€againstÐ ¼  Ðthe€defendant,€òòseeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„204(i)(6)€(Supp.€2001);€consequently,€the€defendantððsÐ ¨ø Ðpunishment€was€fixed€at€imprisonment€for€life€with€the€possibility€of€parole.Ð ”ä ÐÌà  àà ` àAt€a€separate€sentencing€hearing€on€the€especially€aggravated€robbery€conviction,€theÐ l¼ Ðtrial€court€sentenced€the€defendant€to€20€yearsðð€confinement€in€the€Department€of€Correction€to€beÐ X ¨ Ðserved€consecutively€to€the€jury„imposed€life€sentence.Ð D!” ÐÌà  àà ` àOn€appeal,€the€defendant€complains€of€two€evidentiary€errors,€jury„instructionÐ #l! Ðdeficiencies,€and€the€dangerous€offender„based€consecutive€sentencing.€€He€does€not€challenge€theÐ $X" Ðlegal€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence.Ð ô$D # Ðòòò òÌóóÓ  ÓIÐ È&"% ÐÓßrÓòòÌà  àà ` àóóó óWe€will€first€address€the€defendantððs€contention€that€he€is€entitled€to€a€new€trialÐ œ(ì#' Ðbecause€of€prejudicial€rulings€by€the€trial€court€(1)€that€restricted€his€ability€to€cross„examine€ChristyÐ ˆ)Ø$( ÐAsh€about€hearsay€remarks€made€by€another€patron€of€Skeezerððs€Lounge€and€(2)€that€permitted€theÐ t*Ä%) Ðstate€to€cross„examine€Claudette€Richmond€as€a€hostile€witness.€€We€review€the€trial€courtððsÐ `+°&* Ðevidentiary€rulings€and€any€limitations€on€cross„examination€for€abuse€of€discretion.€€òòSee€State€v.Ð ° ÐDishmanóó,€915€S.W.2d€458,€463€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€Finding€no€abuse€of€discretion€orÐ œì Ðunreasonable€restrictions,€we€affirm€the€trial€courtððs€rulings.Ð ˆØ ÐÌà  àà ` àDuring€Ashððs€cross„examination,€the€defense€sought€to€elicit€that€a€female€namedÐ `° ÐBoobie€came€into€the€lounge,€went€over€to€Ash,€and€told€Ash€that€her€brother,€Caldwell,€was€outsideÐ L œ Ðshooting€a€gun€up€in€the€air.€€The€trial€court€sustained€the€stateððs€hearsay€objection€to€introductionÐ 8 ˆ Ðof€Boobieððs€statement.€€At€trial,€the€defendant€argued€for€admissibility€on€the€basis€that€the€statementÐ $ t Ðconstituted€a€warning,€and€on€appeal,€the€defendant€urges€that€the€statement€qualifies€as€an€excitedÐ  ` Ðutterance€pursuant€to€Tennessee€Rule€of€Evidence€803(2).Ð ü L  ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€state€insists€that€the€defendant€has€waived€this€issue€because€a€party€is€notÐ Ô$  Ðallowed€to€take€one€position€in€the€trial€court€(it€is€a€warning)€and€later€advocate€a€different€groundÐ À  Ðor€reason€on€appeal€(it€is€an€excited€utterance).€€òòSee€State€v.€Aucoinóó,€756€S.W.2d€705,€715€(Tenn.Ð ¬ü  ÐCrim.€App.€1988).€€Although€we€agree€that€a€defendant€is€not€at€liberty€to€meander€along€the€streamÐ ˜è  Ðof€hearsay€exceptions€in€search€of€a€safe€ford,€we€do€not€believe€that€the€defendant€has€done€so€inÐ „Ô  Ðthis€case.€€Previously,€this€court€has€analyzed€the€admissibility€of€a€hearsay€ð ðwarningðð€as€an€ð ðexcitedÐ pÀ Ðutterance.ðð€€òòState€v.€Earl€T.€Jeffersonóó,€No.€W2000„00608„CCA„R3„CD,€slip€op.€at€4„5€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð \¬ ÐApp.,€Jackson,€Jun.€12,€2001)€(defendantððs€cousin€warned€a€witness€not€to€ð ðstick€[her]€head€out€theÐ H˜ Ðdoor€about€10:30,ðð€because€they€were€ð ðgoing€to€come€back€through€sprayingðð;€no€testimonyÐ 4„ Ðconcerning€cousinððs€demeanor€when€she€delivered€the€warning€such€that€state€failed€to€establishÐ  p Ðproper€foundation€for€excited€utterance).Ð  \ ÐÓ  ÓÌÓ  Óà  àà ` àThe€state€also€insists€that€even€if€the€issue€is€not€waived,€Boobieððs€statement€does€notÐ ä4 Ðqualify€as€an€ð ðexcited€utterance.ðð€€On€this€point,€we€agree.€€Evidence€Rule€803(2)€carves€out€anÐ Ð  Ðexcited€utterance€exception€to€the€hearsay€rule.€€An€excited€utterance€is€defined€as€a€ð ðstatementÐ ¼  Ðrelating€to€a€startling€event€or€condition€made€while€the€declarant€was€under€the€stress€of€excitementÐ ¨ø Ðcaused€by€the€event€or€condition.ðð€€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€803(2).€€The€following€foundational€requirementsÐ ”ä Ðmust€be€proven€before€this€hearsay€exception€applies.€€First,€a€startling€event€or€condition€must€beÐ €Ð Ðthe€catalyst€for€the€stress€of€excitement;€second,€there€must€be€a€nexus€between€the€statement€andÐ l¼ Ðthe€startling€event;€third,€the€utterance€must€be€forthcoming€while€the€declarant€is€under€the€stressÐ X ¨ Ðof€excitement€from€the€event€or€condition.€€òòState€v.€Gordonóó,€952€S.W.2d€817,€820€(Tenn.€1997).Ð D!” ÐÓ(~ÓÌÓ  Óà  àà ` àNone€of€these€foundational€requirements€was€met€in€this€case.€€The€defendant€did€notÐ #l! Ðmake€an€offer€of€proof€of€the€circumstances€attending€the€statement.€€All€that€is€before€us€in€theÐ $X" Ðrecord€is€defense€counselððs€explanation€to€the€trial€court€at€a€bench€conference€that€ð ð[Ash]€gave€aÐ ô$D # Ðstatement€to€the€police€that€this€woman€came€in€and€told€her€her€brother€was€outside€shooting€a€gunÐ à%0!$ Ðup€in€the€air.ðð€€Accordingly,€we€hold€that€it€was€not€error€for€the€trial€court€in€this€case€to€limit€theÐ Ì&"% Ðscope€of€cross„examination€of€Ash€regarding€statements€made€by€another€patron.Ð ¸'#& ÐÓš‚ÓÌÓ  Óà  àà ` àAs€for€the€trial€court€permitting€the€state€to€treat€Claudette€Richmond€as€a€hostileÐ )à$( Ðwitness,€the€defendant€seems€to€be€arguing€that€the€state€failed€to€move€to€have€Richmond€soÐ |*Ì%) Ðdeclared€and€that€the€state€did€not€demonstrate€that€it€was€ð ðsurprisedðð€by€her€testimony.€€Initially,€weÐ h+¸&* Ðpoint€out€that€the€defendant€has€failed€to€cite€any€authority€to€support€his€claim,€and€we€are€awareÐ ° Ðof€none.€€When€a€defendant€omits€references€to€legal€precedent,€an€issue€may€be€deemed€waived.€Ð œì ÐTenn.€R.€Ct.€Crim.€App.€10(b);€òòState€v.€Chanceóó,€778€S.W.2d€457,€462€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1989).Ð ˆØ ÐÓ‰…ÓÌÓ  Óà  àà ` àAt€any€rate,€the€mode€and€order€of€witness€interrogation€and€presentation€of€evidenceÐ `° Ðare€matters€entrusted€to€the€trial€courtððs€sound€discretion,€including€the€decision€whether€to€allowÐ L œ Ða€party€to€examine€a€witness€by€leading€questions.€€€òòóóð ðWhen€a€party€calls€a€witness€determined€by€theÐ 8 ˆ Ðcourt€to€be€a€hostile€witness,€interrogation€may€be€by€leading€questions.ðð€€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€611(c);€òòseeÐ $ t ÐWilkerson€v.€Altizeróó,€845€S.W.2d€744,€746„47€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1992).€€In€the€present€case,€the€trialÐ  ` Ðcourtððs€determination€that€Richmond€was€hostile€is€supported€by€the€record€and€is€not€an€abuse€ofÐ ü L  Ðdiscretion.€€Richmond€was€evasive,€reluctant,€and€uncooperative€ð!ð€hallmark€signs€of€a€hostileÐ è 8  Ðwitness.€€Examination€by€leading€questions€was€proper€and€altogether€reasonable€in€this€case.Ð Ô$  ÐÓˆÓÌÓ  Óò òIIó óÐ ¬ü  ÐÓ  ÓÌà  àà ` àThe€defendant€in€this€case€was€charged€in€separate€counts€with€premeditated€first„Ð „Ô  Ðdegree€murder€and€first„degree€murder€in€the€perpetration€of€a€felony.€€As€related€to€premeditatedÐ pÀ Ðfirst„degree€murder,€the€trial€court€instructed€the€jury€on€the€lesser„included€offenses€of€second„Ð \¬ Ðdegree€murder€and€voluntary€manslaughter.€€As€related€to€the€felony„murder€charge,€the€trial€courtÐ H˜ Ðinstructed€the€jury€on€the€lesser„included€offense€of€facilitation€of€first„degree€murder€and€the€non„Ð 4„ Ðincluded€offense€of€accessory€after€the€fact€to€first„degree€murder.׃e×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€jury€convicted€the€defendantÐ  p Ðof€both€premeditated€murder€and€felony€murder,€which€were€then€merged€into€a€single€convictionÐ  \ Ðfor€first„degree€murder.Ð øH ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€prejudicially€failed€to€instruct€the€jury€on€allÐ Ð  Ðapplicable€lesser„included€offenses€to€first„degree€murder€in€the€perpetration€of€a€felony.€€He€readsÐ ¼  Ðour€case€law€as€holding€that€reversible€error€automatically€occurs€when€both€premeditated€and€felonyÐ ¨ø Ðmurder€are€charged€but€the€instruction€given€on€lesser„included€offenses€covers€only€theÐ ”ä Ðpremeditated€murder€charge.׃WÜ×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€state€concedes€that€the€instructions€were€deficient€but€insists€thatÐ €Ð Ðno€relief€should€be€forthcoming€because€the€premeditated€murder€conviction€is€unaffected€by€theÐ l¼ Ðerror€and€independently€supports€the€judgment.€Ð X ¨ ÐÌÓ*°ÈXŽXŸ$€%ŒX°œX*Óà  àà ` àThe€defendant€did€not€raise€the€issue€in€his€motion€for€a€new€trial.€€Tennessee€RuleÐ 0"€  Ðof€Appellate€Procedure€3(e)€is€specific€that€in€all€jury€cases,€ð ðno€issue€presented€for€review€shall€beÐ #l! Ðpredicated€upon€.€.€.€jury€instructions€granted€or€refused€.€.€.€or€other€action€committed€or€occurringÐ $X" Ðduring€the€trial€.€.€.€unless€the€same€was€specifically€stated€in€a€motion€for€a€new€trial.ðð€€Tenn.€R.Ð ° ÐApp.€P.€3(e).€€ð ð[O]therwise,ðð€the€rule€concludes,€ð ðsuch€issues€will€be€treated€as€waived.ðð€€òòIdóó.€Ð œì ÐBecause€the€defendant€failed€to€include€the€issue€in€his€motion€for€new€trial,€he€has€waived€the€issueÐ ˆØ Ðon€appeal.€€òòSee€State€v.€Spadafinaóó,€952€S.W.€444,€451€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996).Ð tÄ ÐÌà  àà ` àNor€does€plain€error€avail€the€defendant.€€Criminal€Procedure€Rule€52(a)€states€thatÐ L œ Ðð ðan€error€which€has€affected€the€substantial€rights€of€an€accused€may€be€noticed€at€any€time,€evenÐ 8 ˆ Ðthough€not€raised€in€the€motion€for€a€new€trial€or€assigned€as€error€on€appeal,€in€the€discretion€of€theÐ $ t Ðappellate€court€where€necessary€to€do€substantial€justice.ðð€€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€52(a).€€Whatever€mayÐ  ` Ðbe€said€about€the€felony„murder€conviction€in€this€case,€the€evidence€was€legally€sufficient€to€supportÐ ü L  Ða€finding€that€the€shooting€of€the€victim€was€premeditated,€which€defeats€any€claim€that€an€injusticeÐ è 8  Ðexists€requiring€correction€on€appeal.Ð Ô$  ÐÌò òÓ  ÓIIIÐ ¬ü  ÐÓ¢šÓÌà  àà ` àó óDuring€its€deliberations,€the€jury€inquired€of€the€trial€court:€€ð ðIf€two€people€commitÐ „Ô  Ða€crime€where€someone€is€murdered€and€only€one€person€commits€the€actual€murder,€are€both€partiesÐ pÀ Ðequally€guilty€for€the€murder€under€the€law€and€subject€to€the€same€punishment?ððÐ \¬ ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€trial€court€brought€the€jury€in€and€responded€as€follows:€ð ðThe€Courtððs€responseÐ 4„ Ðis€yes.€€Under€the€felony€murder€count,€if€two€people€commit€a€robbery,€both€parties€are€equallyÐ  p Ðguilty€for€a€murder€committed€in€perpetration€of€the€robbery.ðð€€The€trial€court€added,€ð ðSo€you€canÐ  \ Ðretire€and€add€that€with€your€other€charge€and€continue€your€deliberations.ðð€€The€defendant€neverÐ øH Ðobjected€to€this€supplemental€instruction,€and€it€was€not€registered€as€a€ground€in€his€new€trialÐ ä4 Ðmotion.Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àà ` àNow,€on€appeal€the€defendant€argues€in€a€conclusory€fashion€that€the€supplementalÐ ¨ø Ðinstruction€was€confusing€€and€that€it€was€not€reduced€to€writing.€€The€defendantððs€complaints€areÐ ”ä Ðuntimely,€€and€our€review€has€been€waived.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€3(e),€36(a);€òòState€v.€Hallóó,€8€S.W.3dÐ €Ð Ð593,€603€(Tenn.€1999).€€Our€independent€review,€moreover,€convinces€us€that€the€instruction€wasÐ l¼ Ðnot€confounding.€€As€for€whether€the€supplemental€instruction€needed€to€be€reduced€to€writing,€weÐ X ¨ Ðare€stymied€because€òònoneóó€of€the€trial€courtððs€written€instructions€are€included€in€the€record;€therefore,Ð D!” Ðwe€cannot€determine,€in€the€first€instance,€whether€the€supplemental€instruction€was€reduced€toÐ 0"€  Ðwriting.€€Our€review€thus€impeded,€we€will€not€disturb€the€trial€courtððs€actions.Ð #l! ÐÌò òÓ  ÓIVÐ ô$D # ÐÓ“¢ÓÌà  àà ` àó óLast,€the€defendant€complains€about€the€imposition€of€consecutive€sentencing€for€hisÐ Ì&"% Ðconvictions.€€The€thrust€of€the€defendantððs€argument€appears€to€be€that€in€classifying€the€defendantÐ ¸'#& Ðas€a€ð ðdangerous€offender,ðð€the€trial€court€failed€to€make€findingsò ò€ó órelative€to€the€need€to€protect€theÐ ¤(ô#' Ðpublic€against€further€criminal€conduct€and€to€the€aggregate€sentence€being€reasonably€related€to€theÐ ”)ä$( Ðseverity€of€the€crimes.€€ò òÐ €*Ð%) ÐÐ l+¼&* Ðà  àà ` àó óWhen€a€defendant€is€convicted€of€one€or€more€offenses,€the€trial€court€must€determineÐ ° Ðif€the€sentences€shall€be€served€concurrently€or€consecutively.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115€(1997).€Ð œì ÐConsecutive€sentencing€may€be€imposed€in€the€discretion€of€the€trial€court€upon€a€determination€thatÐ ˆØ Ðone€or€more€of€the€following€criteria€exist:Ð tÄ ÐÌÓ °ÓÓ °Ó(1)€€The€defendant€is€a€professional€criminal€who€has€knowinglyÐ L œ Ðdevoted€such€defendantððs€life€to€criminal€acts€as€a€major€source€ofÐ 8 ˆ Ðlivelihood;Ð $ t ÐÌ(2)€€The€defendant€is€an€offender€whose€record€of€criminal€activity€isÐ ü L  Ðextensive;òòÐ è 8  ÐÌóó(3)€€The€defendant€is€a€dangerous€mentally€abnormal€person€soÐ À  Ðdeclared€by€a€competent€psychiatrist€.€.€.;Ð ¬ü  ÐòòÌóó(4)€€The€defendant€is€a€dangerous€offender€whose€behavior€indicatesÐ „Ô  Ðlittle€or€no€regard€for€human€life,€and€no€hesitation€about€committingÐ pÀ Ða€crime€in€which€the€risk€to€human€life€is€high;Ð \¬ ÐòòÌóó(5)€€The€defendant€is€convicted€of€two€(2)€or€more€statutory€offensesÐ 4„ Ðinvolving€sexual€abuse€of€a€minor€.€.€.;Ð  p ÐÌ(6)€The€defendant€is€sentenced€for€an€offense€committed€while€onÐ øH Ðprobation;€oròòÐ ä4 ÐÌóó(7)€€The€defendant€is€sentenced€for€criminal€contempt.òòÐ ¼  ÐÓ °Ù¦ÓÓ °˦ÓÌóóòòIdóó.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(1)„(7)€(1997).€€In€addition€to€these€criteria,€consecutive€sentencing€is€subject€toÐ ”ä Ðthe€general€sentencing€principles€providing€that€the€length€of€a€sentence€should€be€ð ðjustly€deservedÐ €Ð Ðin€relation€to€the€seriousness€of€the€offenseðð€and€ð ðno€greater€than€that€deserved€for€the€offenseÐ l¼ Ðcommitted.ðð€€òòIdóó.€ðððð€40„35„102(1),€„103(2)€(1997);€òòseeóó€òòState€v.€Imfeldóó,€70€S.W.3d€689,€708€(Tenn.Ð X ¨ Ð2002).€€Moreover,€in€òòState€v.€Wilkersonóó,€905€S.W.2d€933,€937„38€(Tenn.€1995),€the€supreme€courtÐ D!” Ðarticulated€two€additional€requirements€for€consecutive€sentencing€under€the€dangerous€offenderÐ 0"€  Ðcategory;€the€trial€court€must€find€consecutive€sentences€are€reasonably€related€to€the€severity€of€theÐ #l! Ðoffenses€committed€and€are€necessary€to€protect€the€public€from€further€criminal€conduct.€€òòSee€id.óóÐ $X" Ð70€S.W.3d€at€708€(need€for€the€additional€òòWilkerson€óófindings€arises€in€part€because€ð ðdangerousÐ ô$D # Ðoffenderðð€category€ð ðis€the€most€subjective€and€hardest€to€applyðð).Ð à%0!$ ÐÌà  àà ` àAt€the€conclusion€of€the€sentencing€hearing€in€this€case,€the€trial€court€ordered€thatÐ ¸'#& Ðthe€defendantððs€especially€aggravated€robbery€sentence€be€served€consecutively€to€his€life€sentence.€Ð ¤(ô#' ÐThe€trial€courtððs€findings€appear€in€the€record€as€follows:Ð )à$( Ðâ âÐ |*Ì%) ÐÓ °ÓÓ °Óà ¸ àI€do€find,€under€consecutive€sentencing,€number€4,€that€he€isÐ ° Ðâ âa€dangerous€offender,€because€they€had€his€billfold.€€If€they€were€thereÐ œì Ðjust€to€rob€him,€there€was€no€need€for€them€to€execute€him,€so€he€didÐ ˆØ Ðindicate€little€or€no€regard€for€human€life,€so€I€will€make€that€aÐ tÄ Ðconsecutive€20„year€sentence€to€the€life€sentence€that€the€juryÐ `° Ðimposed€on€the€first€degree€murder.Ð L œ ÐÌÓ °ž±ÓÓ °¬±ÓWe€cannot€extend€to€these€meager€remarks€the€presumption€of€a€correct€sentence.€€òòSee€State€v.Ð $ t ÐHooperóó,€29€S.W.3d€1,€5€(Tenn.€2000)€(presumption€applies€when€trial€court€follows€statutoryÐ  ` Ðsentencing€procedure,€gives€due€consideration€and€proper€weight€to€the€factors€and€principles€set€outÐ ü L  Ðunder€the€sentencing€law,€and€articulates€findings€that€are€adequately€supported€by€the€record);€òòStateÐ è 8  Ðv.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€155,€169€(Tenn.€1991)€(ð ð[T]he€presumption€of€correctness€which€accompaniesÐ Ô$  Ðthe€trial€courtððs€action€is€conditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€courtÐ À  Ðconsidered€the€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances.ðð).€€Accordingly,€ourÐ ¬ü  Ðreview€will€proceed€òòde€novoóó€without€a€presumption€of€correctness.Ð ˜è  ÐÌÓ  ÓÓ  Óà  àà ` àThe€defendant€does€not€have€a€particularly€lengthy€or€escalating€criminal€history.€€TheÐ pÀ Ðconvictions€that€appear€in€the€presentence€report€are€for€misdemeanor€offenses,€such€as€driving€withÐ \¬ Ða€suspended€license,€operating€a€vehicle€without€registration,€disorderly€conduct,€assault,€andÐ H˜ Ðcriminal€trespass.€€The€presentence€report€does€reference€a€juvenile€petition€involving€carrying€a€gunÐ 4„ Ðon€school€property,€but€the€noted€disposition€is€50€hours€of€community€service;€no€other€information€Ð  p Ðis€reflected.Ð  \ ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€trial€court€relied€exclusively€on€the€ð ðneedlessðð€shooting€of€the€victim€asÐ ä4 Ðdemonstrating€little€or€no€regard€for€human€life.€€This€consideration€is€certainly€pertinent€andÐ Ð  Ðsupported€by€the€evidence€that€considering€the€pristine€condition€of€the€wallet€when€found€by€theÐ ¼  Ðpolice,€it€obviously€had€been€removed€from€the€victimððs€left€rear€pocket€before€he€was€shot€throughÐ ¨ø Ðthe€left€hip.€€Even,€however,€with€evidence€that€an€offenderððs€actions€demonstrated€little€or€no€regardÐ ”ä Ðfor€human€life,€consecutive€sentencing€does€not€automatically€follow.€€òòSeeóó€òòImfeldóó,€70€S.W.3d€at€708Ð €Ð Ð(proof€of€little€or€no€regard€for€human€life€shows€that€defendant€is€dangerous€offender,€ð ðbut€it€mayÐ l¼ Ðnot€be€sufficient€to€sustain€consecutive€sentencesðð).€€€To€conclude€otherwise€contravenes€òòWilkersonóóððsÐ X ¨ Ðview€of€sentencing€as€a€ð ðhuman€process€that€neither€can€nor€should€be€reduced€to€a€set€of€fixed€andÐ D!” Ðmechanical€rules.ðð€€òòWilkersonóó,€905€S.W.2d€at€938.€€We,€therefore,€reject€the€notion€that€consecutiveÐ 0"€  Ðsentencing€is€always€appropriate€whenever€a€death€occurs€during€the€course€of€a€robbery.€€Ð #l! ÐÌà  àà ` àWe€believe€that€the€person€who€shot€the€victim€after€robbing€him€evinced€a€quality€Ð ô$D # Ðof€dangerousness€that€could€warrant€consecutive€sentencing.€€Our€concern€with€the€proof€in€theÐ à%0!$ Ðpresent€case,€however,€is€the€uncertainty€about€whether€the€defendant€was€this€person.€€To€be€sure,Ð Ì&"% Ðhis€culpability€for€the€homicide€is€supplied,€at€least,€by€the€theory€of€complicity,€but€while€beingÐ ¸'#& Ðresponsible€for€the€crime€of€another,€on€the€one€hand,€renders€the€accused€guilty€of€the€crime,€on€theÐ ¤(ô#' Ðother€hand€it€does€not€òòper€seóó€supply€the€elements€for€consecutive€sentencing.Ð )à$( Ðâ âÐ |*Ì%) Ðà  àà ` àHad€the€trial€court€affirmatively€found€as€a€fact€that€the€defendant€shot€the€victim€afterÐ ° Ðâ ârobbing€him,€we€might€well€have€deferred€to€the€finding€because€there€is€a€basis€in€the€record€via€theÐ œì Ðdefendantððs€statements€to€support€the€finding.׃U×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€In€ruling€on€the€consecutive€issue,€however,€the€trialÐ ˆØ Ðcourt€said€the€victim€was€shot€after€ð ðòòtheyóó€had€his€billfoldðð€and€that€ð ðthere€was€no€òòneedóó€foròò€themóó€toÐ tÄ Ðexecute€him.ðð€€(Emphasis€added.)€€The€comments€suggest€that€the€lower€court€made€no€finding€thatÐ `° Ðthe€defendant€actually€shot€the€victim.Ð L œ ÐÌà  àà ` àFurthermore,€both€the€trial€judge€and€the€jury€declined€to€apply€more€severeÐ $ t Ðconsequences€to€the€defendantððs€conduct€when€they€could€have€done€so€by€ascribing€a€moreÐ  ` Ðegregious€culpability€to€him.€€In€other€words,€we€note€that€the€trial€court€refused€to€enhance€theÐ ü L  Ðlength€of€the€defendantððs€sentence€based€on€enhancement€factor€(5)€that€the€defendant€ð ðtreated€orÐ è 8  Ðallowed€a€victim€to€be€treated€with€exceptional€cruelty€during€the€commission€of€the€offense.ðð€€òòSeeóóÐ Ô$  ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(5)€(Supp.€2001).€€Also,€the€trial€court€applied€as€a€mitigatingÐ À  Ðsentencing€factor€that€the€defendant€appeared€somewhat€remorseful€and€that€he€was€ð ðsuffering€fromÐ ¬ü  Ðsome€mental€condition.ðð€€According€to€clinical€psychologist€David€Solovey,€who€€testified€at€theÐ ˜è  Ðsentencing€phase€of€the€first„degree€murder€prosecution,€the€defendant€suffers€from€severalÐ „Ô  Ðemotional€disturbances,€which€led€to€two€suicide€attempts€before€his€arrest€in€this€case€and€oneÐ pÀ Ðfurther€suicide€attempt€after€he€was€jailed€on€the€homicide€charge.€€Finally,€we€note€that€in€theÐ \¬ Ðsentencing€phase€of€the€murder€trial,€the€jury€rejected€the€stateððs€contention€that€life€without€theÐ H˜ Ðpossibility€of€parole€was€an€appropriate€sentence€based€upon€the€statutory€aggravating€circumstanceÐ 4„ Ðthat€the€murder€was€committed€to€prevent€the€defendant€from€being€arrested€or€prosecuted.€€òòSeeóóÐ  p ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„304(i)(6)€(Supp.€2001)€(the€ð ðmurder€was€committed€for€the€purpose€ofÐ  \ Ðavoiding,€interfering€with,€or€preventing€a€lawful€arrest€or€prosecution€of€the€defendant€or€anotherðð).Ð øH ÐÌà  àà ` àIn€making€our€òòde€novoóó€review€from€the€standpoint€of€the€relevant€sentencingÐ Ð  Ðprinciples€and€guidelines,€and€given€a€lack€of€finding€that€the€defendant€personally€shot€the€victim,Ð ¼  Ðcoupled€with€his€lack€of€a€violent€criminal€record,€we€are€simply€not€persuaded€that€protecting€theÐ ¨ø Ðpublic€against€further€criminal€conduct€by€the€defendant€requires€service€of€a€20„year€sentenceÐ ”ä Ðconsecutively€to€a€sentence€of€life€with€the€possibility€of€parole.Ð €Ð ÐÌà  àà ` àFor€all€the€foregoing€reasons,€we€affirm€the€defendantððs€convictions€but€reverse€theÐ X ¨ Ðimposition€of€consecutive€sentencing.€€Upon€remand,€the€especially€aggravated€robbery€judgmentÐ D!” Ðshall€be€modified€to€reflect€that€service€of€the€20„year€sentence€is€concurrent€with€the€first„degreeÐ 0"€  Ðmurder€sentence.Ð #l! ÐÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________Ð Ì&"% Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àJAMES€CURWOOD€WITT,€JR.,€JUDGEÐ ¸'#& ÐÓž·ÓÝ‚@ÿÝòòÔÿÔÝ  ÝÝ‚@ÿÿÿÝóóòòÔÿÿÔÝ  ÝÝ‚@ÿÿÿÝóóòòÔÿÿÔÝ  ÝóóÝ‚@ÿÝòòÔÿÿÔÝ  ÝÝ‚@ÿÿÿÝóóòòÔÿÿÔÝ  ÝÝ‚@ÿÿÿÝóóòòÔÿÿÔÝ  ÝÝ‚@ÿÿÿÝóóòòÔÿÿÔÝ  ÝÝ‚@ÿÿÿÝóóòòÔÿÿÔÝ  ÝÝ‚@ÿÿÿÝóóòòÔÿÿÔÝ  ÝòŽò