ÿWPCŠ …3¯FûnÈ B¶E0ªšûﵤ¤Àý?¥O_ÆIµG0y 9Š@µeÎ_A[†’” hÚ-rÒüYþÙx*Üu9,›ßŽË5.¸Ï LÍ$*AUnc¨Rr&‘à?®Ïèth@n­yš¨uÔ”ªŸ¡r›·îj[0PD„w¬ª@,0%»†¹? ¾`n7jh>‰¡+oýnã(®“d¼àuNÆo~P% Ä1*¶6 ÒŽ«]\Þ@Ö]íÞ™­«-3›I?ÝÍŠIôç«•ôýb(@³M²†ï’àìb´~l‹ÇÒ›ø,’è«øïJµ±mo(êU~ŸÃN) ”&úÿ…™Â)m¢Ù˜ã\R"óí«)jˆ-C¦ésƒSNfÆé"+Æ‹øÄù;³Ù¼!;Åãî ÉðýÅ ,`ÀÓªªh‹ORb|ö`tSrô²£aÐýž„Ÿ2Þ€?Ôj/àu­ÆeŽ—š¯M¹»àTˆÂháÈÕcϼ1fnUœý[ëÖu'&µH5 x&"=°«-S¯ÔЪŵÏÊÛ¤E-‰(!\‚<¬xvÖ¹ýÊÕQå Í©’ÜCzÿ£ÁŸgb¨QJc/TO²BìêÒÂ(—'ÒŒ"sÆŠ©ëtÔÏvØ/( ®~… %F U:L 0(† UN® w@ü 4< P _ U:g è¡ 0l‰ 0Dõ U:9 ¼s è/ U: BQQQQQQQQ D3nnn 0D¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ AOåÆ44 0Dú D/> BmX, øð AZ‹"Arial Regular($¡¡(ÈhH  Z ‹6Times New Roman Regular v Pw Px Py Pz P{ P| P} D~ Ó€ˆ uM%3|x‹ , øð AZ"Arial Regular ÞÔ€ X_–XXXÔÔ€ ÕX X_–ÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€ X_–X ÕÔÐ  ÐÌOctober€30,€1998ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAMÔó ó((3úÝ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular ²Ò°ÒÒ8°ÒÓ  ÓÝ ƒ üÝÿÝà ` àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝWe€are€aware€of€nothing€that€would€preclude€a€prosecution€in€Alabama.€€ ÞÔ€X_–XXXÔÔ€ÕXX_–ÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€X_–XÕÔÐ  ÐÌOctober€19,€1998ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAMÔó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular d""""'ÿÿdxd(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýñ~ ñ›ñ~ ñÒ°ÒÔ€X_–XXXÔÓ  ÓÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑñˆ ññ~ ñßr€ *<,(j 8` `€€@Eȱ` 8ttxP°ð  rßñ~ ññˆ ññˆ ñßr€*<,(j 8` `€€@Eȱ` 8ttxP°ð  rßñˆ ññ~ ñ›ñ~ ñà@˜ ˜ àò òIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÌÌà@FF'àAT€NASHVILLEˆÌÌà@ŸŸ$àAUGUST€1998€SESSIONˆÌÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,ó óà@÷÷-à)ˆÐ  ` Ðà@÷÷-à)ˆà p àò òNO.€01C01„9801„CC„00025ó óÐ ü L  Ðà ` àAppellee,à@÷÷-à)ˆÐ è 8  Ðà@÷÷-à)ˆà p àò òGILES€COUNTYó óÐ Î  Ðò òVS.ó óà@÷÷-à)ˆÐ º  Ðà@÷÷-à)ˆà p àò òHON.€ROBERT€L.€JONES,Ð ¦ö  ÐJIMMY€LEGG,ó óà@÷÷-à)ˆà p àò òJUDGEó óÐ ’â  Ðà@÷÷-à)ˆÌà ` àAppellant.à@÷÷-à)ˆà p à(Aggravated€Kidnapping)Ð d´ ÐÌÌÌÒ(ä „¸ @(#(#(Òò òòòFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:Ð üL ÐÌRAYMOND€W.€FRALEY,€JR.ÌJOHNNY€D.€HILL,€JR.Ìó ó205€East€Market€StreetÐ ¬ü ÐP.€O.€Box€572ÌFayetteville,€TN€€37334„0572Ð xÈ Ðò òòòFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:Ð üL ÐÌJOHN€KNOX€WALKUPó óÐ Ô$ ÐAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌÌò òLISA€A.€NAYLORó óÐ ŒÜ ÐAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌCordell€Hull€Building,€2nd€FloorÌ425€Fifth€Avenue€NorthÌNashville,€TN€€37243„0493ÌÌò òT.€MICHAEL€BOTTOMSó óÐ ö F% ÐDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌò òROBERT€C.€SANDERSó óÐ ®#þ( ÐAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌ10€Public€SquareÌP.€O.€Box€1619ÌColumbia,€TN€38402„1619Ð L'œ", ÐÒ(ä „¸ @ìì(Òò òÌÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€òò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÐ Œ/Ü*3 ÐÌÌÌCONVICTION€REDUCED€TO€FALSE€IMPRISONMENTÌÌÌÌJOE€G.€RILEY,ÌJUDGEÐ  Ø7(3< Ðó óÑ7€c(XdìXXdì7Ñà@ÉÉ'àò òòòO€P€I€N€I€O€NˆÐ ° ÐÌÌó óóóÓÓà ` àThe€defendant,€Jimmy€Legg,€was€convicted€by€a€Giles€County€jury€ofÐ tÄ Ðaggravated€kidnapping€and€sentenced€by€the€trial€court€to€a€term€of€eight€(8)€yearsÏin€the€Department€of€Correction.€€On€appeal,€he€raises€the€following€issues€for€ourÏreview:ÌÌÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` Ð ` Ð à1.à  àwhether€the€evidence€was€sufficient€to€support€à @^ àà @^ àà @^ àà @^ àà @^ àà @^ àà @^ àà @^ àà @^ àà @^ àà @^ àà @^ àœà8@^ƒàà8@^¸ x¸ xàà @^ àà @^ àà @^ àà @^ àñx ñà @^ àÐ pÀ  Ðñx ñthe›€verdict;Ð ¸ x¸ x Ðà8 ` àÐ ` Ð ` Ð  Ðà8 ` àà8¸ ` Ð ` Ð à2.à  àwhether€prosecutorial€misconduct€deprived€himÐ "r Мñ} ñà  àñ} ñof›€a€fair€trial;Ð ¸ x¸ x ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` Ð ` Ð à3.à  àwhether€the€trial€court€erred€in€disallowing€à @¸ àà @¸ àà @¸ àà @¸ àà @¸ àà @¸ àà @¸ àà @¸ àà @¸ àà @¸ àà @¸ àà @¸ àà @¸ àœà8@¸ƒàà @¸ àà @¸ àà @¸ àà @¸ àà @¸ àñy ñà @¸ àÐ Ô$ Ðñy ñdefense›€counsel€to€question€œthe€alleged€victim›€œas€à @ àto›Ïbias;Ð ¸ x¸ x ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` Ð ` Ð à4.à  àwhether€the€trial€court€erred€in€permitting€the€à @¨ àà @¨ àà @¨ àà @¨ àà @¨ àà @¨ àà @¨ àà @¨ àà @¨ àà @¨ àà @¨ àà @¨ àœà8@¨ƒàà8@¨¸ x¸ xàà @¨ àà @¨ àà @¨ àà @¨ àà @¨ àñz ñà @¨ àÐ l¼ Ðñz ñintroduction›€of€certain€medical€records;€Ð ¸ x¸ x ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` Ð ` Ð à5.à  àwhether€the€trial€court€erred€by€instructing€the€à @þ àà @þ àà @þ àà @þ àà @þ àà @þ àà @þ àà @þ àà @þ àà @þ àà @þ àà @þ àœà8@þƒàà8@þ¸ x¸ xàà @þ àà @þ àà @þ àà @þ àñv ñà @þ àñv ññ{ ñà @þ àÐ n Ðñ{ ñjury›€to€disregard€a€portion€of€defense€counsel's€à @. àfinalÏargument;€and€Ð ¸ x¸ x ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` Ð ` Ð à6.à  àwhether€the€trial€court€erred€in€failing€to€charge€à @p àà @p àà @p àà @p àà @p àà @p àà8@p¸ x¸ xàà @p àà @p àà @p àà @p àà @p àœà @p àà @p àà @p àà @p àà @p àñw ñà @p àñw ññ| ñà @p àÐ ¶ Ðñ| ñaggravated›€assault€and€simple€assault€as€lesser€à @ž à¼included€offenses.€€Ð ¸ x¸ x ÐÌÌÓÓAfter€a€careful€review€of€the€record,€we€reduce€the€conviction€to€false€imprisonment.€ÏÌà@ÎÎ+àòòò òFACTSó óóóˆÐ Ì'#' ÐÌà ` àIn€October€of€1993,€defendantððs€wife,€the€victim,€was€separated€from€theÏdefendant.€€The€victim€resided€with€her€daughter€across€the€Tennessee€line€inÏAthens,€Alabama.€€The€defendant€maintained€a€residence€in€Giles€County,ÏTennessee.€€ÌÌà ` àThe€defendant€arrived€at€the€victimððs€Alabama€residence€at€approximatelyÏ8:00€a.€m.€on€October€19.€€Upon€being€reassured€by€the€defendant€that€nothing€wasÏgoing€to€happen€to€her€and€that€the€defendant€just€wanted€to€talk,€the€victim€andÏtheir€daughter€got€in€the€truck€with€the€defendant.€€Defendant€drove€a€short€distanceÐ Ð9 5; Ðto€the€barn€and€asked€the€daughter€to€get€out€of€the€truck.€€The€victim€also€tried€toÏexit€the€vehicle€but€was€pulled€back€by€the€defendant.€€The€defendant€drove€off€withÏthe€victim.€€ÌÌà ` àWhile€driving€around,€the€defendant€questioned€the€victim€as€to€ð ðwhat€[she]Ïhad€been€doing.ðð€€Whenever€she€would€try€to€answer€him,€the€defendant€struck€herÏwith€his€fist.€€The€defendant€also€threatened€her€with€a€gun€and€told€her€that€he€wasÏgoing€to€kill€her.€€ÌÌà ` àThe€defendant€drove€the€back€roads€of€Alabama.€€At€some€point€theÏdefendant€stopped€for€gasoline.€€The€defendant€eventually€crossed€into€TennesseeÏand€secured€a€motel€room€at€the€Sands€Motel€in€Giles€County.€€The€victim€testifiedÏthat€the€defendant€did€not€beat€her€while€at€the€motel.€€The€victim€did€not€realize€sheÏwas€in€Tennessee€until€the€next€morning,€October€20.€€The€victimððs€face€wasÏswollen€and€bruised€extensively€about€her€eyes.€€à È àÐ Ø( ÐÌà ` àOn€October€20€someone€at€the€motel€called€the€Giles€County€SheriffððsÏDepartment€concerning€the€condition€of€the€victim.€€Upon€seeing€the€officers,€theÏdefendant€told€the€victim€to€enter€the€bathroom€and€be€quiet.€€One€of€the€officersÏspoke€with€the€victim€through€the€bathroom€door€which€was€partially€open.€€TheÏvictim€refused€to€come€out€and€insisted€her€facial€injuries€were€the€result€of€anÏautomobile€accident€and€a€subsequent€fall.€€She€refused€to€go€with€the€officers€andÏrepeatedly€asked€them€to€leave.€€The€victim€testified€that€she€did€not€leave€with€theÏofficers€because€she€feared€the€defendant€would€shoot€her€and/or€the€officers.€€ÌÌà ` àThe€officers€inspected€the€inside€of€the€truck€and€found€numerous€spots€ofÏblood.€€The€officers€found€no€evidence€that€the€truck€had€been€involved€in€any€kindÏof€accident.€€Nevertheless,€the€officers€left€the€motel.€ÌÌÐ Ì84: Ðà ` àThe€defendant€decided€to€pay€for€another€nightððs€lodging€at€the€motel.€€He€Ïinformed€the€victim€that€when€he€got€back,€he€ð ðwas€going€to€pick€up€where€we€leftÏoff.ðð€€When€he€left€the€room,€the€victim€feared€the€assaults€would€recommence€andÏexited€the€room.€€She€sought€the€assistance€of€a€motel€patron€several€doors€down.€ÏThe€authorities€were€summoned,€and€the€victim€was€eventually€taken€by€ambulanceÏto€the€hospital€where€she€was€released€after€treatment.€€ÌÌà ` àPhotographs€were€taken€of€the€victim€at€the€sheriffððs€department€on€OctoberÏ20.€€These€photographs€reveal€extensive€bruising€and€swelling€of€the€victimððs€face.€ÏÌà ` àThe€defendant€testified€at€trial€that€the€victim€willingly€went€with€him.€€He€Ïdenied€striking€her€and€stated€her€injuries€were€caused€when€he€suddenly€hit€hisÏbrake€while€driving.€€He€further€testified€she€fell€at€the€gas€station€and€injured€herÏnose€and€eyes.€€In€summary,€the€defendant€denied€any€forcible€confinement€orÏassault€upon€the€victim.€€ÌÌà ` àThe€jury€was€charged€as€to€the€indicted€offense€of€especially€aggravatedÏkidnapping€with€serious€bodily€injury€and€the€lesser€offenses€of€aggravatedÏkidnapping,€simple€kidnapping€and€false€imprisonment.€€The€jury€convicted€theÏdefendant€of€the€lesser€offense€of€aggravated€kidnapping.€€ÌÌà@×× àò òòòSUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€EVIDENCEó óóóˆÐ l*¼%* ÐÌà ` àIn€separate€portions€of€his€brief,€defendant€alleges€the€state€failed€toÏestablish€venue€in€Giles€County€and€failed€to€prove€the€elements€of€aggravatedÏkidnapping€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€The€state,€on€the€other€hand,€contends€theÏvictim€was€falsely€imprisoned€in€Alabama,€received€ð ðbodily€injuriesðð€there,€and€theÏfalse€imprisonment€continued€into€Tennessee€where€it€was€consummated.€€Thus,Ïthe€state€argues€that€venue€was€proper€in€Giles€County,€and€the€evidence€supportsÏthe€conviction€for€aggravated€kidnapping.€€Ð Ø8(4: Їà@þþ"àò òA.€€òòVenue/Jurisdictionó óóóˆÐ ° ÐÌà ` àThe€defendant€contends€the€state€failed€to€establish€venue€in€Giles€County.ÏHe€insists€there€was€a€complete€absence€of€proof€as€to€any€assault€occurring€inÏGiles€County,€and€the€victimððs€confinement€terminated€when€she€failed€to€escapeÏat€the€gas€station€when€she€had€an€opportunity€to€do€so.€€ÌÌà ` àThe€crucial€issue€in€this€case€is€not€so€much€one€of€venue€as€it€is€territorialÏjurisdiction.€€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€18(d)€provides€that,€assuming€this€state€hasÏð ðjurisdiction,ðð€offenses€committed€wholly€or€partly€outside€this€state€may€beÏprosecuted€in€any€Tennessee€county€in€which€an€element€of€the€offense€occurs.€ÏThis€provision€establishes€venue€if,€and€only€if,€this€state€has€jurisdiction.€€ÌÌà ` àTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„103€provides€that€an€offense€commenced€outsideÏthis€state€and€consummated€in€this€state€may€be€prosecuted€in€the€county€whereÏthe€offense€was€consummated.€€This€statute€relates€to€jurisdiction.€€ÌÌà ` àThe€removal€and€confinement€of€the€victim€certainly€commenced€in€Alabama.€ÏThe€assaults€leading€to€personal€injury€all€occurred€in€Alabama.€€The€confinementÏof€the€victim€continued€while€the€victim€was€in€Tennessee.ÌÌà ` àTennesseeððs€jurisdiction€statute,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„103(b)(1),€limitsÏour€jurisdiction€where€an€offense€involves€actions€committed€in€both€Tennessee€andÏanother€state.€€If€an€offense€is€ð ðcommencedðð€outside€this€state€and€ð ðconsummatedððÏin€this€state,€Tennessee€has€jurisdiction.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„103(b)(1).€ÏHowever,€if€the€offense€is€ð ðconsummatedðð€in€another€state€where€it€alsoÏð ðcommenced,ðð€Tennessee€does€not€have€jurisdiction.€€ÌÌà ` àThe€stateððs€position€at€trial€was€that€this€kidnapping€episode€began€inÏAlabama€and€terminated€in€Tennessee€with€the€arrest€of€the€defendant.€€However,Ð Ø8(4: Ðour€jurisdiction€statute€is€not€based€upon€the€termination€of€the€episode.€€Our€statuteÏis€based€upon€the€consummation€of€the€ð ðoffense,ðð€not€the€episode.€€For€an€offenseÏcommenced€outside€the€state,€the€consummation€of€the€ð ðoffenseðð€must€be€inÏTennessee€for€jurisdictional€purposes.€€òòSeeóó€òòJones€v.€Stateóó,€409€S.W.2d€169,€171„Ð  d Ð72€(Tenn.€1966)€(discussing€consummation€of€an€ð ðoffenseðð€relative€to€venue).€€ÌÌà ` àThe€indictment€alleged€especially€aggravated€kidnapping€ð ð[w]here€the€victimÏsuffers€serious€bodily€injury.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„305(a)(4).€€At€trial€it€was€theÏstateððs€theory€that€the€victim€was€assaulted€in€Alabama€where€she€received€herÏpersonal€injuries€with€her€confinement€continuing€into€the€state€of€Tennessee.€€TheÏstate€insists€the€defendant€was€properly€convicted€of€the€lesser€offense€ofÏaggravated€kidnapping€ð ð[w]here€the€victim€suffers€bodily€injury.ðð€€œTenn.€Code€Ann.Ïðð€39„13„304(a)(4).€€›ÌÌà ` àWe€are€constrained€to€conclude€that€the€ð ðoffenseðð€of€aggravated€kidnappingÏwas€consummated€in€Alabama,€not€Tennessee.€€The€elements€of€aggravatedÏkidnapping€are€(1)€removal€or€confinement€substantially€interfering€with€liberty,€andÏ(2)€the€victim€suffers€bodily€injury.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„302(a),€304(a)(4).€ÏBoth€elements€were€met€in€Alabama;€thus,€the€offense€was€consummated€inÏAlabama.€€The€fact€that€the€victimððs€confinement€extended€into€Tennessee€does€notÏmean€the€aggravated€kidnapping€was€ð ðconsummatedðð€here.׃×Ý ƒ %ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€€€Ð ¤(ô#( ÐÌà ` àThis€Court€is€aware€of€the€general€rule€that€a€ð ðcontinuing€crime,ðð€althoughÏcomplete€in€the€jurisdiction€where€first€committed,€may€continue€to€be€committed,Ïand€may€also€be€punished€in€another€jurisdiction.€€22€C.J.S€òòCriminal€Lawóó€ððÐ Ô/$+0 Ð161(b)(1989).€€However,€the€Tennessee€statute€forbids€jurisdiction€if€the€offense€isÏboth€ð ðcommencedðð€and€ð ðconsummatedðð€outside€this€state.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„¼11„103(b)(1).€€In€this€case€the€offense€of€aggravated€kidnapping€was€commencedÏand€consummated€in€Alabama.€€Ð 7T28 Їà ` àThe€recent€case€of€òòState€v.€œLon›€Mitchell€Pierce,€Jr.óó,€C.C.A.€No.€03C01„9703„Ð ° ÐCR„00117,€Sullivan€County€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€œfiled›€September€10,€1998,€atÏKnoxville),€is€distinguishable.€€In€òòPierceóó€the€defendant€participated€in€œthe€theft›€of€anÐ H˜ Ðautomobile€in€Florida.€€Eventually,€a€high€speed€chase€ensued€in€TennesseeÏresulting€in€the€death€of€a€Tennessee€police€officer.€€The€defendant€was€convictedÏof€felony€murder€in€Tennessee,€the€underlying€felony€being€the€theft€of€theÏautomobile.€€This€Court€concluded€Tennessee€had€jurisdiction€of€the€felony€murderÏas€the€defendant€exercised€control€over€the€stolen€car€in€Tennessee,€and€the€deathÏoccurred€in€Tennessee.€€òòPierceóó€is€distinguishable€since€the€homicide€wasÐ ` Ðconsummated€in€Tennessee€and€not€outside€this€state.€€Although€the€original€œtheftÏof€the€automobile›€was€in€Florida,€it€continued€into€œTennessee€by€defendantððsÏexercise€of€control€over€the€automobile.›€€However,€the€homicide€was€committed€œin›ÏTennessee.€€Thus,€jurisdiction€was€œproper.€€If€the€homicide€had€been€committed€inÏFlorida€and€the€defendant€fled€to€Tennessee€and€exercised€control€over€theÏautomobile€in€Tennessee,€then€Tennessee€would€not€have€jurisdiction€over€theÏfelony€murder.€€›ÌÌà ` àWe,€therefore,€conclude€that€Tennessee€did€not€have€jurisdiction€over€theÏoffense€of€aggravated€kidnapping€involving€bodily€injury.€€Nevertheless,€TennesseeÏhas€jurisdiction€over€false€imprisonment€since€this€offense€was€committed€within€thisÏstate.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€39„11„103(a).€€Furthermore,€venue€was€proper€in€GilesÐ  (ð#( ÐCounty€as€the€location€of€the€unlawful€confinement.€€See€T.€R.€Crim.€P.€18(a).€€ÌÌà@] ] àò òB.€€òòSufficiency€of€the€Evidence€„€False€Imprisonmentó óóóˆÐ .X). ÐÌà ` àFalse€imprisonment€is€a€lesser€included€offense€of€aggravated€kidnapping.€ÏThus,€when€the€jury€found€the€defendant€guilty€of€aggravated€kidnapping,€thatÏfinding€necessarily€included€a€finding€of€the€elements€of€false€imprisonment.€€WeÏnow€examine€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€for€false€imprisonment€in€order€toÏdetermine€whether€the€conviction€may€be€reduced.€€€€Ð Ü8,4: Їà ` àÔ‡ XðrXXX–ÔIn€determining€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€this€Court€does€not€reweighÐ ° Ðor€reevaluate€the€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€Ð à ÐAccordingly,€it€is€the€appellate€court's€duty€to€affirm€a€conviction€if€the€evidence,Ïviewed€under€these€standards,€was€sufficient€for€any€rational€trier€of€fact€to€haveÏfound€the€essential€elements€of€the€offense€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€Tenn.€R.ÏApp.€P.€13(e);€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€317,€99€S.Ct.€2781,€2789,€61€L.Ð `  ÐEd.2d€560€(1979);€€òòState€v.€Cazesóó,€875€S.W.2d€253,€259€(Tenn.€1994).Ð ð@  ÐÌà ` àDefendantððs€primary€contention€is€that€the€victim€had€numerous€opportunities€Ìto€escape€the€alleged€confinement,€yet€she€did€not€do€so.€€He€contends€the€victimððsÏtestimony€was€so€inherently€incredible,€so€contrary€to€the€teachings€of€basic€humanÏexperience,€and€so€completely€at€odds€with€common€sense€that€no€reasonableÏperson€could€believe€her€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€ÌÌà ` àAlthough€the€victim€conceded€that€there€were€times€she€was€out€of€theÏdefendantððs€presence,€she€chose€not€to€attempt€an€escape€because€he€was€onlyÏgone€a€short€period€of€time.€€She€further€testified€she€feared€the€defendant€becauseÏof€the€previous€threats.€€For€this€reason€also,€she€did€not€go€with€the€police€officersÏupon€their€first€visit€to€the€motel.€€She€finally€escaped€and€sought€assistanceÏbecause€the€defendant€told€her€that€ð ðupon€his€return€to€the€motel€room,€he€wouldÏpick€up€where€they€left€off.ðð€€ÌÌà ` àThe€jury€rejected€the€testimony€of€the€defendant€and€accredited€the€testimonyÏof€the€victim.€€It€was€the€juryððs€prerogative€to€do€so.€€According€to€the€victimððsÏtestimony,€the€defendant€confined€her€unlawfully€in€Giles€County€so€as€toÏsubstantially€interfere€with€her€liberty.€€The€evidence€was€sufficient€to€establish€falseÏimprisonment.€€Ô#†X–XX Xðro>#ÔÐ p5À04 ÐÌœñf ñà@-àñf ñò òòòñd ñà ` àñd ñÐ 9l48 Ðñe ñà@÷÷!àñe ñPROSECUTORIAL›€MISCONDUCTó óóóˆÐ ° ÐÌà ` àDefendant€contends€that€prosecutorial€misconduct€on€three€(3)€separateÏoccasions€should€have€resulted€in€a€mistrial€being€declared€by€the€trial€court.€€TheÏdetermination€of€whether€to€grant€a€mistrial€rests€within€the€sound€discretion€of€theÏtrial€court.€€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€871€S.W.2d€667,€672€(Tenn.€1994).€€The€reviewing€courtÐ ¸   Ðshould€not€overturn€that€decision€absent€an€abuse€of€discretion.€€òòState€v.€Hallóó,€947Ð „Ô  ÐS.W.2d€181,€184€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997).€€Our€review€of€prosecutorial€misconductÏconsists€of€considering€five€factors€to€determine€whether€the€prosecutorððsÏstatements€affected€the€verdict.€€òòState€v.€Davisóó,€872€S.W.2d€950,€953„54€(Tenn.Ð è8 ÐCrim.€App.€1993);€òòJudge€v.€Stateóó,€539€S.W.2d€340,€344€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1976).€Ð ´ ÐThese€are€(1)€the€conduct€complained€of€viewed€in€the€context€and€in€light€of€theÏfacts€and€circumstances€of€the€case;€(2)€any€curative€measures€undertaken€by€theÏcourt€and€the€prosecution;€(3)€the€intent€of€the€prosecutor€in€making€the€improperÏstatement;€(4)€the€cumulative€effect€of€the€improper€conduct€and€any€other€errorsÏin€the€record;€and€(5)€the€relative€strength€and€weakness€of€the€case.€€òòJudgeóó,€539Ð ° ÐS.W.2d€at€344.€€ÌÌà@ÝÝ'àò òA.€òò€òòVoir€Direóóó óóóˆÐ %d $ ÐÌà ` àDefendant€contends€the€prosecutor€engaged€in€misconduct€during€òòvoir€direóóÐ ¸($( Ðwhen€he€made€reference€to€a€prior€case€in€which€a€man€was€acquitted€of€an€allegedÏassault€upon€his€wife.€€Upon€objection€by€the€defendant,€the€trial€court€prohibited€theÏprosecutor€from€making€reference€to€a€specific€prior€case.€€The€prosecutor€thenÏclarified€his€question€and€asked€jurors€if€they€could€follow€the€law€even€if€theÏdefendant€and€the€victim€were€married.€€ÌÌà ` àThe€prosecutor€had€no€improper€intent,€and€this€line€of€questioning€ofÏpotential€jurors€was€indeed€relevant.€€Furthermore,€defendant€has€demonstrated€noÏprejudice.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€36(b).€€Ð è884: Їà ` àThis€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌÌà@::#àò òB.€€òòBlood€SplatteringˆÐ  d ÐÌó óóóà ` àDefendant€next€complains€of€two€instances€in€which€the€prosecutorÐ Ä   Ðimproperly€referred€to€ð ðblood€splatteringðð€evidence.€€In€a€pre„trial€motion,€the€trialÏcourt€deferred€ruling€as€to€whether€the€investigating€officer€could€be€qualified€as€anÏexpert€on€blood€splattering.€€The€trial€court€further€instructed€counsel€that€the€matterÏwas€not€to€be€mentioned€to€the€jury€pending€a€jury„out€hearing.ÌÌà ` àDuring€opening€statement€the€prosecutor€advised€the€jury€that€theÏinvestigating€officer€would€be€testifying€about€blood€splatters€as€an€expert€witness.€ÏThere€was€no€objection€by€the€defendant.€€The€issue€is€waived.€€òòState€v.€Seayóó,€945Ð $t ÐS.W.2d€755,€762€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996).€€ÌÌà ` àUltimately,€the€officer€testified€only€as€to€his€factual€observations€of€the€bloodÏfound€in€the€truck.€€We€conclude€the€defendant€was€not€prejudiced€by€theÏprosecutorððs€reference€in€opening€statement€to€the€investigating€officer€as€an€expertÏwitness€in€blood€splattering.€€ÌÌà ` àDefendant€further€complains€the€prosecutor€disregarded€the€courtððs€pre„trial€Ïinstructions€by€asking€the€investigating€officer€about€the€blood€found€in€the€vehicle.€ÏThe€trial€court€determined€that€the€officer€could€testify€as€to€his€observations€but€notÏoffer€expert€opinion.€€The€witness€then€testified€about€his€observations€of€the€bloodÏfound€in€the€truckððs€interior.€€There€was€no€prosecutorial€misconduct,€nor€was€theÏdefendant€prejudiced.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€36(b).€€ÌÌà ` àThis€issue€is€without€merit.€€ÌÐ ä844: М‡ñg ñÌ›Ìñg ñ›à@½½(àò òòòVICTIM€BIASó óóóˆÐ ° ÐÌà ` àDefendant€contends€the€trial€court€erred€in€disallowing€questions€as€to€theÏalleged€victimððs€bias.€€The€trial€court€excluded€testimony€from€the€victim€regardingÏan€alleged€offer€by€the€victim€to€discontinue€prosecution€in€exchange€for€the€sumÏof€$25,000.€€The€trial€court€found€the€testimony€related€to€an€offer€of€compromiseÏand€was€not€admissible€under€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€408.€€We€agree€with€the€defendantððsÏcontention€that€the€evidence€was€admissible€under€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€616€in€order€toÏshow€bias€of€a€witness.€€ÌÌà ` àThe€proffered€testimony€of€the€victim€arguably€revealed€that€she€agreed€toÏterminate€prosecution€for€a€payment€of€$25,000.€€The€money€was€not€paid,€andÏprosecution€proceeded.€€In€her€divorce€complaint€the€victim€requested€$25,000,€butÏultimately€was€awarded€only€$5,000.€€ÌÌà@::àò òA.€€òòTennessee€Rules€of€Evidence€408óóó óˆÐ ° ÐÌ€€à ` àTenn.€R.€Evid€408€is€inapplicable.€€In€the€criminal€context,€the€rule€expresslyÐ T#¤" Ðstates€that€offers€of€compromise€are€inadmissible€in€an€attempt€to€ð ðprove€liability€forÏ...€a€criminal€charge€or€its€punishment.ðð€€òòSeeóó€N.€Cohen,€D.€Paine€&€Sheppeard,Ð ì&<"& ÐòòTennessee€Law€of€Evidenceóó,€ðð€408.2€(3d€ed.€1995).€€However,€in€this€instance€theÐ ¼( $( Ðoffer€of€compromise€was€not€sought€to€be€introduced€to€prove€guilt€of€a€criminalÏcharge;€but€rather€to€show€a€witnessðð€bias€or€prejudice.€€The€rule€expressly€providesÏthat€it€does€not€exclude€evidence€being€offered€for€this€purpose.€€Thus,€Tenn.€R.ÏEvid.€408€has€no€applicability.€€à À àÐ ð/@+0 Ðà ` àÌà@77àò òB.€€òòTennessee€Rules€of€Evidence€410óóó óˆÐ ˆ3Ø.4 ÐÌà ` àThe€state€contends€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€410€prohibits€the€introduction€of€this€Ïevidence.€€This€rule€prohibits€the€introduction€of€statements€made€in€the€course€ofÐ ø8H4: Ðplea€discussions€with€a€prosecuting€attorney€which€do€not€result€in€a€guilty€plea.€ÏStatements€by€a€victim€of€a€crime€made€to€defense€counsel€are€not€covered€by€theÏrule.€€ÌÌà@77àò òC.€€òòTennessee€Rules€of€Evidence€616ˆÐ à 0 Ðóóó óÌà ` àThis€testimony€regarding€possible€bias€of€the€victim€was€admissible€pursuantÏto€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€616€which€provides€that€a€witness€may€be€cross„examined€as€toÏbias€or€prejudice€against€a€party.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Reidóó,€882€S.W.2d€423,€428€(Tenn.Ð l ÐCrim.€App.€1994).€€Further,€cross„examination€as€to€bias€of€a€witness€against€theÏaccused€involves€the€constitutional€right€of€confrontation.€€òòSeeóó€òòDavis€v.€Alaskaóó,€415Ð ¸ ÐU.S.€308,€316„17,€94€S.Ct.€1105,€1110,€39€L.Ed.2d€347€(1974);€òòState€v.€Reidóó,€882Ð ˆØ ÐS.€W.€2d€at€428.€€Thus,€the€trial€court€erred€in€limiting€the€cross„examination€of€theÏvictim.€€ÌÌà@ØØàò òD.€òòHarmless€Error€Analysisó óó󀀈Ð ¸ ÐÌà ` àHaving€found€error,€we€must€now€determine€whether€the€error€was€harmless.€ÏA€violation€of€the€right€to€confrontation€may€be€deemed€harmless€if€this€Court€mayÏconfidently€say,€based€on€the€whole€record,€that€the€constitutional€error€wasÏharmless€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòSeeóó€òòDelaware€v.€Van€Arsdallóó,€475€U.S.€673,Ð À($( Ð681,€106€S.Ct.€1431,€1436,€89€L.Ed.2d€674€(1986);€òòChapman€v.€Californiaóó,€386€U.S.Ð *à%* Ð18,€87€S.Ct.€824,€17€L.Ed.2d€705€(1967).€€ÌÌà ` àWe€conclude€the€error€was€harmless€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€In€Ïsubsequent€examination€of€the€victim,€she€conceded€that€she€sought€$25,000€in€herÏdivorce€action€and€received€only€$5,000.€€She€was€thoroughly€cross„examined€asÏto€her€hostility€toward€the€defendant.€€Evidence€of€her€confinement€in€Giles€CountyÏbased€upon€fear€and€threats€was€overwhelming.€€In€light€of€the€entire€record,€we€œñh ñÌÐ ð8@4: Ðñh ñconclude›€this€evidentiary€error€was€harmless€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€Tenn.€R.ÏApp.€P.€36(b).€€ÌÌà ` àThis€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌà@DD&àò òòòMEDICAL€RECORDSó óóóˆÐ ¬ ü  ÐÌà ` àDefendant€contends€the€trial€court€erred€in€admitting€certain€medical€recordsÏunder€the€business€records€exception€to€the€hearsay€rule.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€Evid.Ð l Ð803(6).€€At€trial€the€defendant€contended€the€introduction€of€the€medical€recordsÏwithout€explanation€was€prejudicial€to€the€defendant€in€reference€to€the€victimððsÏinjuries.€€The€defendant€also€objected€to€the€introduction€of€the€victimððs€statementsÏon€the€medical€report€that€she€had€been€assaulted€and€beaten.€€Defendant€sufferedÏno€prejudice€as€to€the€medical€reportððs€description€of€her€injuries.€€Furthermore,€theÏvictimððs€statements€on€the€medical€report€that€she€had€been€assaulted€and€beatenÏwere€cumulative€and€harmless.€€ÌÌà ` àThis€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌà@ú ú àò òòòFINAL€ARGUMENT€OF€DEFENSE€COUNSELˆÐ ä&4"& ÐÌà ` àó óóóDefendant€next€contends€the€trial€court€improperly€sustained€the€stateððsÐ ”*ä%* Ðobjection€to€a€portion€of€defense€counselððs€final€argument.€€During€the€cross„¼examination€of€the€victim,€defense€counsel€asked€if€the€victim€told€the€TennesseeÏprosecuting€authorities€that€ð ðthe€Alabama€Court€had€enjoined€[her]€from€intimidating,€Ìaggravating,€harassing,€threatening,€or€assaulting€Jimmy€Legg.ðð€€The€victim€repliedÏthat€she€had€not.€€There€was€no€independent€proof€offered€as€to€whether€there€wasÏsuch€an€order.€€During€final€argument€defense€counsel€stated€that€the€victim€ð ðhadÏto€be€enjoined€and€restrained€from€a€Court€in€Alabama.ðð€€The€prosecutor€objectedÏand€stated€there€was€no€evidence€to€support€this€statement.€€The€trial€court€notedÐ ô8D4: Ðthat€the€victim€had€testified€she€did€not€advise€prosecuting€authorities€of€such€anÏorder;€however,€the€trial€court€concluded€that€her€testimony€did€not€establish€thatÏthere€was€in€fact€such€an€order€in€existence.€€ÌÌà ` àWe€agree€with€the€trial€courtððs€determination.€€Furthermore,€if€there€was€error,Ïit€was€clearly€harmless.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€36(b).€€ÌÌà@  àò òòòFAILURE€TO€CHARGE€LESSER€OFFENSESó óóóˆÐ D”  ÐÌà ` àFinally,€defendant€contends€the€trial€court€erred€by€failing€to€instruct€the€juryÏon€the€offenses€of€aggravated€assault€and€assault€as€lesser€included€offenses€ofÏespecially€aggravated€kidnapping.€€In€light€of€the€reduction€to€false€imprisonment,Ïwe€decline€to€address€this€issue.€€ÌÌà@xx(àò òòòCONCLUSIONó óóóˆÐ ä4 ÐÌà ` àThe€conviction€for€aggravated€kidnapping€is€vacated€and€reduced€to€falseÏimprisonment.€€Defendant€is€sentenced€to€11€months€and€29€days.€€The€case€isÏremanded€for€entry€of€a€modified€judgment.€€ÌÌÓÓÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÐ Ê95; ЇÌÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p à_____________________________Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àò òJOE€G.€RILEY,€JUDGEÐ b² ÐÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌó ó______________________________Ð Â  Ðò òJOSEPH€M.€TIPTON,€JUDGEÐ ¨ø  ÐÌÌÌó ó______________________________Ð X¨ Ðò òTHOMAS€T.€WOODALL,€JUDGEó ó