ÿWPCõ! +jh©MÊÛKÁ&ècWöƒë·,O¿ŠÙ‹ôÑÐjY»6²„ÚKÁðç\< ½~öÓ(ËÓ÷RÔ–~nP* ªïK÷í p ,·!*…уc‹),Ùtu.n¸MB–g[ª‰D”øèˆð‚ÆO¡Q­„]°nXdãÒKØÝ씢]ÜÄPfÆ6Í(3 -Ò£l\®·‘€‚¥BÐ3¼!_ȹQWc”ÜN&éU3Þv丛דlŸx²kSïÄìu#ÿi¥iñÏóö©¦­ø‰Ý±Ÿ3èÝ™rw¾a]Dã\LïpåÝÞ†n¤ðÝþ‚Úá¯é°¤BzßHiÃb4Çß)ݬ;R_²¶gUˆ5¿J;H6Þ™=wf~øÏ—í2Yúh &?¢‰Ïx,]ç¦ó%»E;xÓÜa'4ꘪD‡é“NU«%в!™îaŠH‹ Ïah«6Ì^Ø!ºc@wÇed±¦$çî0ü‰Hä…. Ý'WšmÄć—AœÁ¡æ;9£ hÇ™¾¡óÐH³/Ä@| }Ã"ø|ÔÐä€Ý ¢·@2Ï,À.+ì»lIªÝÏÄ:í8•Éž™]$íüˆØa@C»êWöãÞ´ÌÚŠü%Ð&eê2¹Pb#É\ %% U N+ 0ˆy UN 0ÑO ^ z, Ò¦ wx 4|  Ÿ Æ¡ ÆgÆ-Æó m¹NÐ 0ÅÒ 0D—EÛ 0³Ý 0­ 0§= 0¡ä 0›… 0•   1uµ 72***************b\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ 1eddddddddddd'ÉÉ 0ëðððð BÛÛ 0¤ø D5œ D-Ñ 0Kþþ ASIÆœ 0¤b 0D! A«J!˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PCL6ÒV,,,,ÒV0»(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman Regular(`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular*GG ÿÿ(_16Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ° ÓÓ/%` ` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ /ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó/%` ` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ /ÓÓ ¨ý ÓÓ ° Ó¦­–1î  ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt J‰13|xLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ*AA ÿÿ(_17Ó  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ  Ó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó*88 ÿÿ(_15Ó  ÓÓ,"¸ ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ ,ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó,"¸ ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ ,ÓÓ  Ó*55 ÿÿ(_14Ó ` ÓÓ) hÀpÈ xÐ )ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó) hÀpÈ xÐ )ÓÓ ` Ó*22 ÿÿ(_13Ó ¸ ÓÓ&hhÀpÈ xÐ &ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó&hhÀpÈ xÐ &ÓÓ ¸ Ó*// ÿÿ(_12Ó  ÓÓ#ÀÀpÈ xÐ #ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó#ÀÀpÈ xÐ #ÓÓ  Ó*,, ÿÿ(_11Ó h ÓÓ pÈ xÐ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó pÈ xÐ ÓÓ h Ó*)) ÿÿ(_10Ó À ÓÓppÈ xÐ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€ÓppÈ xÐ ÓÓ À Ó3#37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)i)- ù- ÿÿ35;AGMSY_11.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Ý ƒR¶j$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô²ðò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔTennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„13„306€was€amended€in€July€of€2004.€€The€new€version€of€the€statuteÐ ° Ðmakes€it€illegal€to€ð ð[Ô_Ôr]emoveÔ_Ô€the€child€from€this€state€knowing€that€the€removal€violates€a€child€custody€determinationÐ qÁ Ðas€defined€in€ðð€36„6„205(3),€the€rightful€custody€of€a€mother€as€defined€in€ðð€36„2„303,€or€a€temporary€or€permanentÐ 2‚ Ðjudgment€or€court€order€regarding€the€custody€or€care€of€such€child.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„306€(Supp.€2004).€€TheÐ óC Ðdefinition€of€child€custody€determination€includes€ð ða€judgment,€decree,€or€other€order€of€a€court€providing€for€the€legalÐ ´ Ðcustody,€physical€custody,€or€visitation€with€respect€to€a€childðð€and€includes€a€permanent,€temporary,€initial,€andÐ uÅ Ðmodification€order.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€36„6„205(3).€€The€appellee€in€the€case€herein€was€indicted€under€the€previousÐ 6 † Ðversion€of€the€statute€which€merely€required€the€appellee€to€ð ðknowingly€detain€or€move€the€child€.€.€.€from€the€vicinityÐ ÷ G Ðwhere€the€child€.€.€.€is€found€when€the€person€knows€that€the€.€.€.€moving€of€the€child€.€.€.€violates€a€temporary€orÐ ¸  Ðpermanent€judgment€or€court€order€regarding€the€childððs€.€.€.€custody€or€care.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„306€(2003).€Ð y É  Ѐ(|G2¶j$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€’Õ»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô²ðò»»Ô d(|3?$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€’Õ»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV)ÿÿ!dxdx)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3?$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€’Õ»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€’Õ»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼’Õ»»»ÔÑ8€ÂXXdé»»d8Ñà@hhìàÔ‡îlÖ’ÕÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@gg$ìàAT€NASHVILLEÔ#†¼’Õ»îîlÖ #ԈРÓ# ÐÓ  ÓSeptember€21,€2004Ð öF ÐÔ‡XÂX»¼’ÕÔÌò òÔ#†¼’Õ»XXÂø#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE€v.€FREDDIE€WILLIAM€LEWISòòóóÔ‡XÂX»¼’ÕÔó óÐ ï? ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òAppeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Sumner€CountyÐ é 9 Ðà@@øøìàNo.€778„2033€€€€€Jane€Ô_ÔWheatcraftÔ_Ô,€JudgeÐ Ó # ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<` AßÐ ‘á  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€M2004„00210„CCA„R3„CD€„€Filed€December€21,€2004Ð ŠÚ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<]` AßÐ ^®  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓÔ‡X4ªXXXÂÔThe€appellee,€Freddie€William€Lewis,€was€indicted€for€custodial€interference€after€allegations€aroseÐ V¦  Ðthat€he€moved€his€child€to€another€state€in€violation€of€a€juvenile€court€order.€€The€appellee€filed€aÐ ? Ðmotion€to€dismiss€the€indictment,€arguing€that€a€default€judgment€taken€against€him€in€juvenile€courtÐ (x Ðon€the€paternity€petition,€which€later€formed€the€basis€for€the€indictment,€was€void.€€The€trial€courtÐ a Ðdismissed€the€indictment€after€a€hearing.€€The€State€appeals,€arguing€that€the€trial€court€erred€inÐ úJ Ðdismissing€the€indictment.€€We€determine€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€dismissing€the€indictmentÐ ã3 Ðbecause€the€default€judgment€was€not€void,€but€merely€voidable.€€Accordingly,€we€reverse€theÐ Ì Ðjudgment€of€the€trial€court,€reinstate€the€indictment€and€remand€the€case€for€trialÔ#†XÂXXX4ª›#ÔÔ‡X4ªXXXÂÔÔ#†¼yt »XX4ªo#ÔÔ‡X4ªX »¼ytÔ€Ô#†XÂXXX4ªw#ÔÔ‡X4ªXXXÂÔÔ#†¼yt »XX4ª¹#ÔÔ‡X4ªX »¼ytÔÐ µ ÐÔ#†XÂXXX4ªü#ÔÔ#†¼’Õ»XXÂ> #ÔÔ‡XÂX»¼’ÕÔÓÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Trial€Court€is€Reversed€andÐ ‡× ÐRemanded.Ð qÁ Ðó óÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼’Õ»àX¸ #ÔÔ‡XÂX.¼’ÕÔJerry€L.€Smith,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòDavid€G.€Hayesóó€and€òòThomas€T.Ð D” ÐÔ_ÔWoodallÔ_Ôóó,€JJ.,€joined.Ð -} ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€&€Reporter;€Elizabeth€Bingham€Ô_ÔMarneyÔ_Ô,€Assistant€AttorneyÐ ÿO ÐGeneral;€J.€Michael€Taylor,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Steve€Strain,€Assistant€District€AttorneyÐ è 8  ÐGeneral,€€for€the€appellant,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð Ñ!!! ÐÌDavid€A.€Doyle,€District€Public€Defender€and€Mike€Anderson,€Assistant€Public€Defender,€Ô_ÔGallatinÔ_Ô,Ð £#ó# ÐTennessee,€for€the€appellee,€Freddie€William€Lewis.Ð Œ$Ü$ ÐÌÔ#†¼’Õ»XX¦ #ÔÔ‡XÂX»¼’ÕÔÌÓw Óà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼’Õ»XXÂà #ÔÔ‡XÂX»¼’ÕÔÐ G'—"' ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼’Õ»XXÂR#ÔÓ  Óò òòòÔ‡¼yt »»¼’ÕÔà@ÃÃ!ìàóóó óà@@ÈÈ!ìàÔ€X4ªX »¼ytÔòòFactual€BackgroundóóˆÐ )j$) ÐÌà  àOn€March€27,€2003,€the€State€filed€a€petition€in€the€Sumner€County€Juvenile€Court€on€behalfÐ ì*<&+ Ðof€Heidi€Bradley€to€establish€òòinteróó€òòaliaóó€paternity€against€the€appellee.€€The€petition€instructed€theÐ Õ+%', Ðappellee€to€bring€proof€of€income€and€appear€before€the€juvenile€court€on€April€21,€2003€at€9:00€a.m.€Ð ¾,(- ÐThe€petition€also€stated,€ð ðIf€you€fail€to€do€so€[appear],€a€default€judgment€may€be€taken€against€youÐ §-÷(.ýÿ ÐÔ_Ôfor€the€relief€demanded.ðð€€The€appellee€was€personally€served€by€a€law€enforcement€officer€on€AprilÐ ° Ð4,€2003.€€The€appellee€failed€to€appear€in€response€to€the€petition.€€As€a€result,€the€Sumner€CountyÐ ™é ÐJuvenile€Court€entered€default€judgment€against€the€appellee,€finding€him€to€be€the€father€of€theÐ ‚Ò Ðchild,€setting€child€support€and€placing€the€child€in€the€motherððs€custody.€€Ð k» ÐÌà  àSometime€in€August,€the€appellee€apparently€moved€the€child€to€another€state€in€violationÐ =  Ðof€the€order€of€the€Sumner€County€Juvenile€Court.€€As€a€direct€result,€the€appellee€was€indicted€forÐ & v Ðcustodial€interference.€€In€response€to€the€indictment,€the€appellee€filed€a€motion€to€dismiss€theÐ  _ Ðindictment€pursuant€to€Tennessee€Rule€of€Criminal€Procedure€12(b).€€In€support€of€his€motion,€theÐ ø H Ðappellee€argued€that€the€default€judgment€was€entered€prior€to€the€expiration€of€the€thirty„dayÐ á 1  Ðresponse€period€required€in€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€36„2„308Ô_Ô(cÔ_Ô)€and€that,€as€a€result,€theÐ Ê   Ðorder€was€ð ðinvalid€and€not€entitled€to€the€force€of€law.ðð€€Ð ³  ÐÌà  àAfter€a€hearing,€the€trial€court€determined€that€the€juvenile€court€had€both€subject€matter€andÐ …Õ  Ðpersonal€jurisdiction€but€that€the€judgment€was€void€because€the€thirty„day€period€had€not€expiredÐ n¾  Ðprior€to€the€entry€of€the€default€judgment.€€The€trial€court€determined€that€the€juvenile€court€orderÐ W§  Ðviolated€due€process€and,€as€a€result,€dismissed€the€indictment.€€Ð @ ÐÌà  àThe€State€filed€a€timely€notice€of€appeal,€arguing€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€dismissing€theÐ b Ðindictment.€€Ð ûK ÐÌòòÓ  ÓAnalysisóóÐ Í ÐÓéÓÌà  àOn€appeal,€the€State€argues€that€the€trial€court€committed€reversible€error€by€dismissing€theÐ Ÿï Ðindictment€based€on€its€finding€that€the€default€judgment€entered€in€the€juvenile€court€was€void.€Ð ˆØ ÐSpecifically,€the€State€argues€that€because€the€Sumner€County€Juvenile€Court€had€both€subjectÐ qÁ Ðmatter€jurisdiction€over€the€issues€and€personal€jurisdiction€over€the€parties,€that€the€order€is€validÐ Zª Ðon€its€face€and€is€not€subject€to€collateral€attack.€€The€appellee€argues€that€the€juvenile€court€did€notÐ C“ Ðhave€jurisdiction€to€grant€the€default€judgment€prior€to€the€expiration€of€the€thirty„day€time€periodÐ ,| Ðin€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€36„2„308Ô_Ô(cÔ_Ô)€and€that€the€judgment€from€the€juvenile€court€isÐ e Ðtherefore€void€and€requires€dismissal€of€the€indictment.€€Ð þN ÐÌà  àAccording€to€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€36„2„308Ô_Ô(cÔ_Ô),€which€governs€paternityÐ Ð!   Ðactions:Ð ¹" ! ÐÌà8  àUpon€proper€motion,€default€judgement€shall€be€entered€against€the€defendant€uponÐ ‹$Û# Ðshowing€of€service€of€process€on€the€defendant€where€the€defendant€has€failed€toÐ t%Ä $ Ðanswer€or€make€an€appearance€within€thirty€(30)€days€of€service€of€process.Ð]&­!%Ð Ð  ÐÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€36„2„308Ô_Ô(cÔ_Ô).€€In€the€case€herein,€the€hearing€was€indeed€scheduled€less€thanÐ /(#' Ðthirty€days€after€service€of€process.€€In€dismissing€the€indictment€on€the€basis€that€the€defaultÐ )h$( Ðjudgment€was€entered€in€violation€of€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€36„6„308Ô_Ô(cÔ_Ô),€the€trial€courtÐ *Q%) Ðstated:Ð ê*:&* ÐÐ Ó+#'+ Ðà8  àBut€I€have€a€real€question€about€„€„€„€„€I€think€itððs€a€due€process€violation€when€theÐ ° Ðjudgment€went€down€before€the€30€days.€€And,€General,€you€might€be€right€that€itsÐ ™é Ðvoidable,€but€this€man€„€„€„€„€I€think€its€void,€and€I€think€its€void€because€it€violatedÐ ‚Ò Ðdue€process.€€€€Ðk»Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àA€void€judgment€ð ðis€one€in€which€the€judgment€is€facially€invalid€because€the€court€lackedÐ =  Ðjurisdiction€or€authority€to€render€the€judgment.ðð€òòTaylor€v.€Stateóó,€995€S.W.2d€78,€83€(Tenn.€1999).€Ð & v ÐIn€other€words,€to€be€found€void,€a€judgment€must€have€been€rendered€by€a€court€lacking€jurisdictionÐ  _ Ðover€the€subject€matter€or€the€parties€or€acting€in€some€other€manner€inconsistent€with€theÐ ø H Ðrequirements€of€due€process.€€òòMagnavox€Co.€v.€Boles€&€Ô_ÔHiteÔ_Ô€Constr.€Co.óó,€583€Ô_ÔS.WÔ_Ô€.2d€611,€613Ð á 1  Ð(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1979).€€In€òòNew€York€Casualty€Co.€v.€Lawsonóó,€24€S.W.2d€881€(Tenn.€1930),€ourÐ Ê   ÐSupreme€Court€defined€a€void€judgment€as:Ð ³  Ðà8  à€Ð Ð[Ô_ÔO]neÔ_Ô€which€shows€upon€the€face€of€the€record€a€want€of€jurisdiction€in€the€courtÐ …Õ  Ðassuming€to€render€the€judgment,€which€want€of€jurisdiction€may€be€either€of€theÐ n¾  Ðperson,€or€of€the€subject„matter€generally,€or€of€the€particular€question€attempted€toÐ W§  Ðbe€decided€or€the€relief€assumed€to€be€given.€Ð@Ð Ð  ÐÌÔ_Ô24€S.W.2d€at€883.€€A€court€cannot€validly€adjudicate€upon€a€subject€matter€which€does€not€fallÐ b Ðwithin€its€province€as€defined€and€limited€by€law.€€òòSeeóó€òòChickamauga€Trust€Co.€v.€Lonasóó,€201€S.W.Ð ûK Ð777€(Tenn.€1917).€€A€void€judgment€cannot€be€enforced.€€Further,€ð ðjudgments€or€decrees€which€haveÐ ä4 Ðbeen€declared€to€be€void€bind€nobody,€bar€nobody,€are€nullities,€and€justify€no€act€done€thereafter.ðð€Ð Í ÐòòHinton€v.€Robinsonóó,€364€S.W.2d€97,€99€(Tenn.€1962).Ð ¶ ÐÌà  àIn€the€case€herein,€neither€party€disputes€the€fact€that€the€Sumner€County€Juvenile€Court€hadÐ ˆØ Ðsubject€matter€jurisdiction€to€determine€the€paternity€and€custody€orders€that€were€the€subject€of€theÐ qÁ Ðpetition€herein.€€Jurisdiction€over€paternity€matters€is€provided€for€in€Tennessee€Code€AnnotatedÐ Zª Ðsection€36„2„307,€which€provides€that€the:Ð C“ ÐÌà8  à[J]uvenile€court€or€any€trial€court€with€general€jurisdiction€shall€have€jurisdiction€ofÐ e Ðan€action€brought€under€this€chapter;€provided,€that,€in€any€county€having€aÐ þN Ðpopulation€not€less€than€eight€hundred€twenty„five€thousand€(825,000)€nor€more€thanÐ ç 7 Ðeight€hundred€thirty€thousand€(830,000)€according€to€the€1990€federal€census€or€anyÐ Ð!   Ðsubsequent€federal€census,€only€the€juvenile€court€shall€have€jurisdiction€of€an€actionÐ ¹" ! Ðbrought€under€this€chapter.Т#ò"Ð Ð  ÐÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€36„2„307.€€Additionally,€neither€party€disputes€that€the€court€retained€personalÐ t%Ä $ Ðjurisdiction€over€the€appellee€as€the€court€with€subject€matter€jurisdiction€in€a€paternity€action€hasÐ ]&­!% Ðð ðstatewide€jurisdiction€over€the€parties€involved€in€the€case.ðð€€òòId.óó€Ð F'–"& ÐÌà  àWe€acknowledge€that€the€default€judgment€was€entered€prior€to€the€expiration€of€the€thirty„Ð )h$( Ðday€period€in€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€36„2„308(c).€€However,€procedural€errors€do€notÐ *Q%) Ðnecessarily€render€a€judgment€void.€€In€òòCumberland€Bank.€v.€Smithóó,€43€S.W.3d€908€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.Ð ê*:&* Ð2000),€a€default€judgment€was€entered€prior€to€the€expiration€of€the€thirty„day€notice€requirementÐ Ó+#'+ Ðspecified€in€Tennessee€Rule€of€Civil€Procedure€55.01,€but€the€court€concluded€that€the€judgment€wasÐ ° Ðnot€void€and€therefore€not€subject€to€collateral€attack€because:Ð ™é ÐÌà8  à[A]€judgment€is€not€subject€to€collateral€attack€for€mere€errors€or€irregularitiesÐ k» Ðcommitted€by€the€court€in€the€exercise€of€its€jurisdiction.€€Errors€other€than€lack€ofÐ T¤ Ðjurisdiction€render€the€judgment€merely€voidable€and€a€voidable€judgment€can€onlyÐ =  Ðbe€challenged€on€direct€appeal.€€Ð& vÐ Ð  ÐÌòòId.óó€at€910.€€Ð ø H ÐÌà  àIn€òòState€v.€Branchóó,€No.€E2001„00711„CCA„R3„CD,€2001€WL€1565500€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð Ê   Ðat€Knoxville,€Dec.€10,€2001),€the€defendant€argued€that€a€default€judgment€declaring€him€to€be€aÐ ³  Ðhabitual€motor€vehicle€offender€was€void€because€the€default€judgment€was€obtained€withoutÐ œì  Ðcomplying€with€Rules€5,€12,€55€and€58€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Civil€Procedure.€€The€facts€inÐ …Õ  ÐòòBranchóó€revealed€that€a€petition€was€filed€requesting€that€the€defendant€be€declared€a€motor€vehicleÐ n¾  Ðhabitual€offender.€€Accompanying€the€petition€was€a€ð ðshow€causeðð€order,€directing€the€defendantÐ W§  Ðto€appear€less€than€thirty€days€later,€to€show€cause€as€to€why€he€should€not€be€found€a€habitualÐ @ Ðoffender.€€A€copy€of€the€petition€and€order€was€served€on€the€defendant€a€mere€one€week€prior€toÐ )y Ðthe€hearing.€€The€defendant€failed€to€appear€at€the€hearing€and€a€default€judgment€was€enteredÐ b Ðfinding€the€defendant€to€be€a€motor€vehicle€habitual€offender.€€Almost€six€years€later,€the€defendantÐ ûK Ðfiled€a€motion€to€set€aside€the€default€judgment€pursuant€to€Rule€60.02€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€ofÐ ä4 ÐCivil€Procedure.€€The€trial€court€dismissed€the€motion€as€untimely€and€this€Court€affirmed.€€In€soÐ Í Ðdoing,€we€noted€that:Ð ¶ ÐÌà8  à[V]arious€procedural€errors€.€.€.€occurred€in€the€process€of€obtaining€the€judgment€byÐ ˆØ Ðdefault.€€First,€the€trial€court€erred€by€ordering€the€Appellant€to€appear€on€April€11,Ð qÁ Ð1995,€which€was€less€than€thirty€days€from€the€date€he€was€served.€€Tennessee€CodeÐ Zª ÐAnnotated€ðð€55„10„608(a)€and€(b)€provides:€ÐC“Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(a)€Upon€the€filing€of€the€petition,€the€court€shall€make€an€orderÐ e Ðdirecting€the€individual€(defendant)€named€therein€to€appear€beforeÐ þN Ðthe€court€to€show€cause€why€the€defendant€should€not€be€barred€fromÐ ç 7 Ðoperating€a€motor€vehicle€on€the€highways€of€this€state.€Ð Ð!   Ð(b)€The€order€of€the€court€shall€specify€a€time€certain,€not€earlier€thanÐ ¹" ! Ðthirty€(30)€days€after€the€date€of€service€of€the€petition€and€order,€atÐ ¢#ò" Ðwhich€the€defendant€shall€first€appear€before€the€court.€Ð‹$Û#` x` x ÐÌòòBranchóó,€2001€WL€1565500,€at€*3.òòóó€€Ultimately,€this€Court€determined€that€the€defendantððs€failure€toÐ ]&­!% Ðfile€the€motion€to€set€aside€the€judgment€within€a€ð ðreasonable€timeðð€as€required€by€Rule€60.02€of€theÐ F'–"& ÐTennessee€Rules€of€Civil€Procedure€was€fatal€to€his€case.€€òòId.óó€at€*4.€€However,€in€so€doing,€we€notedÐ /(#' Ðthat€the€judgment€was€not€void€despite€those€procedural€flaws€that€occurred€prior€to€the€entry€of€theÐ )h$( Ðdefault€judgment.€€òòId.óó€€€Ô_ÔÐ *Q%) Ðâ âÐ ê*:&* Ðà  àApplying€the€analysis€in€òòBranchóó€to€the€case€herein,€we€determine€that€the€failure€to€complyÐ ° Ðâ âwith€the€thirty„day€period€in€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€36„2„308Ô_Ô(cÔ_Ô)€did€not€render€theÐ ™é Ðjudgment€of€the€trial€court€void,€but€merely€voidable.€€The€trial€court€had€subject€matter€jurisdictionÐ ‚Ò Ðover€the€issues€and€personal€jurisdiction€over€the€parties.€€The€proper€procedure€to€challenge€theÐ k» Ðpaternity€judgment€would€have€been€to€attack€the€judgment€in€the€juvenile€court€via€a€motion€to€setÐ T¤ Ðaside€the€judgment€in€accordance€with€Rule€34,€Tennessee€Rules€of€Juvenile€Procedure.€€Further,Ð =  Ðthe€appellee€was€charged€with€custodial€interference€under€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„Ð & v Ð13„306€which€does€not€necessarily€require,€by€its€terms,€a€non„voidable€juvenile€court€order.׃P×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Thus,Ð  _ Ðwe€hold€that€the€juvenile€court€order€was€merely€voidable€and€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€dismissingÐ ø H Ðthe€indictment€in€a€collateral€proceeding€based€on€the€juvenile€court€judgment.€€Ô_ÔÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÐ á 1  ÐÌÌòòÓ  ÓConclusionóóÐ œì  ÐÓÖDÓÌà  àFor€the€foregoing€reasons,€we€reverse€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€granting€the€appelleeððsÐ n¾  Ðmotion€to€dismiss€the€indictment,€reinstate€the€indictment€charging€the€appellee€with€custodialÐ W§  Ðinterference€and€remand€the€case€for€trial.€€Ð @ Ѐ€€€€Ð )y ÐÌà  àÔ#†XÂXXX4ªÂ#ÔÔ‡X4ªXXXÂÔÌÔ#†XÂXXX4ª–F#ÔÔ‡X4ªXXXÂÔà  àà ` àà ¸ àÌÔ#†XÂXXX4ªÙF#Ôà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð Í Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àJERRY€L.€SMITH,€JUDGE