ÿWPC+ 6íËi=Ñ2v`æhò–ê­~£Á—´£»V¿«]d$†Ê´Š~k cµ,M²ðÁžQÜz©ÕUÐn‘¢Y~³Íœ|e`J}ßePóbõŸß%r}¬¯Ãfá 'óÌ ¡sõK…Í™åAj,”«zªkò¢(* ·á¡ð–p_Ÿžg¹„%*ñp‹µ³Q.Êÿ/‹…ðûœJg»DO¡È–}ïVY®û-™{k©±xéü—05¡¥ßqÈÍ8Àézõ+’f—âù zêv{5 *ŸÍ„wþ¨RRf¿ :/:5e'kO-fVJµÙ‹íK~ι%¢tÃ}vÑE¥Gî›Åššd¢ È„ò,(ˆM’‰ûÖE™ÚÏ„µ³T9*zWÎ"W/ï/™ªb±C^®«lÓƒkrQð´Û8(0ˆ{îª&òáõJn‡ø3—¾¨œsi\l¿Ü« ¸+Ìœ#Ë¢œJ'Ž–£*v+3öÀý·„áæ´Íf\é—ÛW‚¢ðƒÀ²o¼ï‚`9_·OXw0‘Ói9õDwu½ýy#n+ú0åãm„`(@‘‚9 G1ÎÇú§X-à^¸Êwu£Þ±Šæ'†ø¿ø3æÑ7¤¡®78ßâÉnœý…# F UNQ %Ÿ 0(¥ w@Í 4 ! 0 U:8 0”r ' 0D- Àq U:1UNk,¹U:åU:U.Y'‡U:®ÀèUN¨,öU:"UN\êªU:”êÎU:¸¸¸¸ Bòòòòòòòò D3 0DBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB AO†ÆÕÕ 0D› D/ß B˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLhÎ(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡ -./D0123[e4e5Ó€?uM%3|xA,@ÓÐAZ‹"Arial Regular(D(2´¨$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÓ  Óà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó Ý ƒ ´¨$ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÓ  Óà ` àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ‡ XRSXXXÔThe€defendant,€in€the€opinion€of€Agent€Smith,€was€deceptive.€The€test€concludedÐ ° Ðat€3:30€p.m.Ô#†X<ŽXX XRSk#Ô(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó ¶Ý ƒ ´¨$ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÓ  Óà ` àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ‡X‚,XXXÔIn€order€to€protect€the€identity€of€minor€victims€of€sexual€abuse,€it€is€the€policy€of€thisÐ ° ÐCourt€to€refer€to€the€victims€by€their€initials.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Schimpfóó,€782€S.W.2d€186,€188,Ð –æ Ðn.1€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1989).Ô#†XLšXX X‚,k#Ô,@ÓÐAZ‹"Arial Regular(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman Regular "Ý ƒ ´¨$ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÓ  Óà ` àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ‡ XRSXXXÔThe€defendant€had€a€previous€experience€with€polygraphs€in€that€he€had€taken€one€Ð ° Ðfor€employment.Ô#†X<ŽXX XRSk#Ô, øð AZ"Arial Regular,ó‚ AZ"Arial Regular%ä2¼A`ArialTT Ý ƒ ´¨$ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÓ  Óà ` àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ‡X‚,XXXÔThe€defendant,€in€the€opinion€of€Agent€Smith,€was€deceptive.€The€test€concludedÐ ° Ðat€3:30€p.m.Ô#†XLšXX X‚,k#Ô,@ÓÐAZ‹"Arial Regular ¶Ý ƒ ´¨$ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÓ  Óà ` àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ‡ X¢=XXXÔIn€order€to€protect€the€identity€of€minor€victims€of€sexual€abuse,€it€is€the€policy€of€thisÐ ° ÐCourt€to€refer€to€the€victims€by€their€initials.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Schimpfóó,€782€S.W.2d€186,€188,Ð –æ Ðn.1€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1989).Ô#†XŒŽXX X¢=k#Ô(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman Regular "Ý ƒ ´¨$ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÓ  Óà ` àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ‡X‚,XXXÔThe€defendant€had€a€previous€experience€with€polygraphs€in€that€he€had€taken€one€Ð ° Ðfor€employment.Ô#†XLšXX X‚,k#Ô,@ÓÐAZ‹"Arial Regular(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman Regular àÔ€X¢=XXXÔÔ€DW XX¢=ÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€X¢=X DWÔÐ  ÐÌSeptember€24,€1998ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAMÔó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular àÔ€X¢=XXXÔÔ€DW XX¢=ÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€X¢=X DWÔÐ  ÐÌSeptember€23,€1998ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAMÔó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular d""""'ÿÿdxd(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýñ3ñ›ñ3ññ3ñ›ñ3ñÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€X§3XXXÔÓ  Óñ5ñœñ5ññ?ññ5ñßr€*<,(j 8` `€€@E ±` 8ttxPX°ð  rßñ5ññ?ññ?ñßr€*<,(j 8` `€€@E ±` 8ttxPX°ð  rßñ?ññ5ñ›ñ5ñIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌAT€NASHVILLEÌÌAUGUST€1998€SESSIONò òÐ pÀ ÐÌÌÌÌÓ  Óó óSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à h àà À à)Ð  p  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àC.C.A.€No.€01C01„9707„CC„00289Ð `  Ðà ` àà ¸ àAPPELLEE,à h àà À à)Ð P  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àLincoln€CountyÐ ð@  Ðv.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àà p àÐ à0  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àHonorable€Charles€Lee,€JudgeÐ Ð  ÐJOHN€R.€LEWIS,à  àà h àà À à)Ð À Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  à(Aggravated€Sexual€Battery)Ð ° Ðà ` àà ¸ àAPPELLANT.à À à)Ð  ð Ðò òÌÌÌÌÌó óFOR€THE€APPELLANT:à h àà À àà  àFOR€THE€APPELLEE:Ð @ ÐÌRandall€E.€Selfà  àà h àà À àà  àJohn€Knox€WalkupÐ  p ÐP.€O.€Box€501à  àà h àà À àà  àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÐ ` ÐFayetteville,€TN€€37334à h àà À àà  à425€Fifth€Avenue,€NorthÐ P Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àKaren€M.€YacuzzoÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à425€Fifth€Avenue,€NorthÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àWilliam€M.€McCownÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à215€East€CollegeÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àFayetteville,€TN€€37334ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àWeakley€E.€BarnardÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àMarshall€County€Courthouse,€Room€407Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àLewisburg,€TN€€37091ÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€_______________________________ÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌL.€T.€LAFFERTY,€SPECIAL€JUDGEÌò ò€€€€€€€Ð @837 ÐÌÐ   :p59 ÐòòÔ‡¼É›¼XX§3ÔÓ  ÓÑ7€§3XXdðXXdð7ÑOPINIONóóÔ#†X§3X¼¼É›[ #ÔÐ ° ÐÓz ÓÌÌÌó óÓÓà ` àThe€defendant,€John€R.€Lewis,€was€convicted€of€aggravated€sexual€battery€by€aÐ –æ ÐLincoln€County€jury.€The€trial€court€imposed€a€sentence€of€ten€(10)€years€in€the€DepartmentÏof€Correction.€ÌÌà ` àIn€this€appeal€of€right,€the€defendant€presents€the€following€issues:ÌÓÓÓ*°,X‚X¸ —X°œX*Óà ` à(1)à8 × àThe€court€erred€in€allowing€statements€of€V.B.ñ3ñ׃×ñ3ññ3ñ׃ ×ñ3ñÝ ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€made€to€medical€personnelÐ öF  Ðto€be€admitted€into€evidence€under€Rule€803€(4)€of€the€Tennessee€RulesÏof€Evidence.Ð × $× $ ÐÌà ` à(2)à8 × àThe€statements€and€confessions€made€by€the€defendant€to€Detective€DougÐ ¶ ÐBorenger€were€made€in€violation€of€the€defendantððs€privilege€against€self„¼incrimination.Ð × $× $ ÐÌà ` à(3)à8 × àThe€State€violated€Tennessee€Rules€of€Evidence€608€by€asking€theÐ vÆ Ðdefendant€whether€other€minor€girls€were€prohibited€from€coming€to€hisÏhome.Ð × $× $ ÐÌà ` à(4)à8 × àThe€court€erred€in€sentencing€the€defendant€by€enhancing€his€sentence€forÐ 6† Ðabusing€a€position€of€private€trust€and€by€not€applying€as€a€mitigating€factorÏthat€the€defendantððs€criminal€conduct€neither€caused€nor€threatenedÏserious€bodily€injury€and€by€not€considering€the€defendantððs€positiveÏcontributions€to€his€family€and€to€society€or€affording€any€weight€to€theÏabsence€of€any€substantial€or€relevant€criminal€history.Ð × $× $ ÐÓTÓÌà ` àWe€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌÓ  Óò òòòHISTORICAL€FACTSóóÐ v(Æ#& ÐÌó óÓ  Óà ` àOn€the€evening€of€November€1,€1996,€the€victim,€V.B.,€age€9,€was€a€guest€in€theÐ 6,†'* Ðdefendantððs€home.€The€victim€and€her€brother,€J.B.,€age€12,€were€spending€the€night€withÏthe€defendantððs€two€children,€L.€L.,€age€8,€and€B.L.,€age€12.€The€victim€and€the€defendantððsÏdaughter,€L.€L.,€went€to€bed€at€8:00€p.m.€The€victim€testified€she€wore€her€dadððs€t„shirtÏwhich€came€just€below€her€knees€and€had€on€panties.€The€victim€and€L.€L.€slept€in€a€doubleÏbed,€with€L.L.€facing€the€wall€and€the€victim€facing€the€outside€edge.€Ð –5æ04 Їà ` àThe€victim€testified€that€in€the€early€morning€hours€of€November€2,€1996,€she€wasÏawakened€by€the€defendant,€who€was€kneeling€by€the€bed.€The€defendant€was€rubbing€theÏvictimððs€t„shirt€in€the€area€of€her€breasts.€Then,€the€defendant€reached€under€the€victimððsÏt„shirt€and€began€rubbing€her€breasts€in€a€circular€motion.€The€defendant€then€moved€hisÏhand€down€her€stomach€to€her€private€part€and€began€rubbing€the€outside€of€her€panties.ÏThe€victim€testified€the€defendant€then€reached€inside€her€panties€and€ð ðtried€to€go€insideÏof€me€.€.€.€He€kind€of€went€up€and€down,€like€that.ðð€The€victim€testified€the€defendant€kissedÏher€on€the€mouth€with€his€tongue.€The€victim€was€pretending€to€be€asleep€during€thisÏepisode.€ÌÌà ` àThe€victim€then€rolled€over€in€bed€facing€L.L.€and€the€wall.€The€defendant€had€leftÏthe€bedroom.€The€victim€got€up€and€went€to€the€bathroom,€locked€herself€in,€and€began€toÏcry.€The€victim€was€scared.€€After€five€minutes,€the€victim€came€out€of€the€bedroom€andÏsaw€the€defendant€sitting€in€the€living€room.€The€defendant€asked€the€victim,€ð ðAre€youÏokay?ðð,€to€which€the€victim€did€not€respond.€The€victim€returned€to€bed€and€fell€asleep.ÏLater,€when€the€victim€had€awakened,€the€victim€asked€the€defendant€if€she€could€call€herÏmother.€The€defendant€advised€her€it€was€too€early.€Later€that€day,€the€victimððs€motherÏarrived€and€picked€up€both€her€and€her€brother.€They€proceeded€to€Krystalððs.€While€in€theÏcar,€the€victim€told€her€mother€what€had€occurred€at€the€defendantððs€home.€€ÌÌà ` àMrs.€Sherry€Armstrong,€mother€of€V.B.,€testified€she€and€her€ex„husband€had€twoÏchildren,€V.€B.,€age€9,€and€J.B.,€age€12.€The€parents€had€joint€custody€and,€on€theÏweekend€of€November€2,€1996,€Mrs.€Armstrong€had€custody.€€On€the€night€of€NovemberÏ1,€1996,€Mrs.€Armstrong€learned€she€was€to€pick€up€her€children€at€8:00€a.m.€on€NovemberÏ2,€1996€at€the€defendantððs€home.€Mrs.€Armstrong€did€not€know€the€defendant€nor€hisÏfamily.€€Mrs.€Armstrong€arrived€at€the€defendantððs€home€at€8:00€a.m.,€but€was€told€by€herÏson,€J.B.,€that€he€wanted€to€stay€and€see€the€Tennessee€football€game€and€his€sister€wasÏasleep.€ÌÐ 09€48 Ðà ` àAt€1:00€p.m.,€Mrs.€Armstrong€picked€up€her€children€and€proceeded€to€Krystalððs€forÏlunch.€€After€approximately€15€minutes,€Mrs.€Armstrong€observed€her€daughter€crying.€TheÏvictim,€V.B.,€told€her€mother€what€had€happened€at€the€defendantððs€home.€€Mrs.€ArmstrongÏproceeded€to€the€Fayetteville€Police€Department€and€filed€a€complaint€with€Officer€KarenÏGardner.€€Ms.€Joan€Quick,€a€Department€of€Human€Services€(DHS)€employee,€arrived€andÏobtained€the€facts€from€the€victim.€Afterwards,€Mrs.€Armstrong€took€her€daughter€to€theÏLincoln€County€Regional€Hospital€for€an€examination.€ÌÌà ` àThe€State€called€Ms.€Judy€Wiser,€emergency€room€nurse,€to€testify€as€to€herÏfindings.€€Ms.€Wiser,€a€licensed€practical€nurse€and€employee€of€the€Lincoln€RegionalÏHospital€since€1989,€testified€she€obtained€a€history€from€the€victim€at€5:30€p.m.€onÏNovember€2,€1996€for€the€doctorððs€treatment.€€Ms.€Wiser€testified€she€gave€this€history€toÏDr.€Patel,€and€assisted€Dr.€Patel€in€his€examination€of€the€victim.€When€asked€to€relate€theÏvictimððs€history,€Ms.€Wiser€testified:ÌÓÓà8 ` àà8× ` (#` (#àThe€child€stated€to€me€that€on€the€night€of€11/1/96,€that€she€spentÏthe€night€with€a€friend.€And€early€in€the€morning€of€11/2/96,€that€theÏfriendððs€father€came€into€the€room€where€she€and€the€friend€wereÏasleep,€and€the€father€began€to€touch€her€on€both€breasts,€and€thenÏhe€moved€his€hand€down€her€stomach,€went€to€her€vagina€andÏstarted€rubbing€her€vagina,€and€then€proceeded€to€stick€his€finger€inÏher€vagina,€then€kissed€her€by€putting€his€tongue€on€her€mouth,€andÏthat€was€stated€exactly€by€the€ñ3ñœñ3ñchild.Ð × ±!× ±! Ðñ3ñ›ñ3ñÌÓØ#ÓÌà ` àDuring€the€examination€of€the€victim,€Ms.€Wiser€observed€some€redness€at€theÏentrance€of€the€victimððs€vagina,€which€could€be€consistent€with€the€childððs€story.€Also,€theÏvictim€complained€of€burning€upon€urination.€Ms.€Wiser€testified€she€observed€no€tears,Ïscratches,€or€bruises€at€the€vaginal€entrance,€and€the€redness€observed€could€be€causedÏby€many€things.€The€victim€was€given€no€medication€or€any€treatment€procedures.€ÌÌà ` àDr.€Yashwant€Patel€testified€he€is€a€licenced€physician€and€has€practiced€in€LincolnÏCounty€for€20€years.€Dr.€Patel€has€experience€in€the€examination€of€children€in€abuseÏcases.€€Dr.€Patel€advised€the€jury€he€reviewed€the€history€of€the€victim,€V.B.,€and,€alongÏwith€Nurse€Wiser,€examined€the€victim€at€5:30€p.m.€on€November€2,€1996.€€Dr.€Patel€foundÐ  :p59 Ðslight€irritation€in€the€victimððs€vaginal€area,€which€meant€redness€in€the€vaginal€area€on€theÏleft€side,€but€no€tears.€€Dr.€Patel€found€no€evidence€of€penetration.€The€doctor€furtherÏtestified€he€found€no€reason€for€any€medication,€but€told€the€victim€to€follow€up€treatment,Ïif€needed.ÌÌà ` àThe€State€next€called€Detective€Doug€Borenger€of€the€Lincoln€County€SheriffððsÏDepartment€to€testify€as€to€the€results€of€his€investigation.€As€the€Criminal€Investigator€forÏthe€Sheriffððs€Department,€Detective€Borenger€reviewed€the€victimððs€complaint€and€the€DHSÏreport.€The€officer€contacted€the€defendant.€The€detective€and€the€defendant€agreed€toÏmeet€on€November€8,€1996€at€8:30€a.m;€however,€the€defendant€failed€to€appear.€ÏDetective€Borenger€called€the€defendant€at€his€ñ3ñœñ3ñhome.ñ3ñ›ñ3ñ€€The€defendant€sounded€intoxicatedÏand€said€he€had€been€drinking.€The€detective€and€the€defendant€rescheduled€theirÏappointment€for€November€12,€1996.€ÌÌà ` àOn€November€12,€1996,€Detective€Borenger€and€Special€Agent€Donna€Pence,ÏTennessee€Bureau€of€Investigation,€interviewed€the€defendant.€€Agent€Pence€advised€theÏdefendant€of€his€rights€and€the€defendant€acknowledged€this€by€signing€a€form.€TheÏdefendant€denied€the€incident,€stating€he€had€a€bad€memory,€was€prone€to€blackouts,€andÏhad€a€drinking€problem.€€The€defendant€had€been€advised€he€was€not€under€arrest€and,Ïat€the€conclusion€of€the€interview,€the€defendant€was€permitted€to€leave.ÌÌà ` àDetective€Borenger€next€interviewed€the€defendant€on€November€25,€1996€at€3:45Ïp.m.€The€defendant€had€arrived€at€1:00€p.m.€for€an€interview€by€Special€Agent€MichaelÏSmith,€Tennessee€Bureau€of€Investigation.€€Agent€Mike€Smith€advised€the€defendant€of€hisÏrights,€which€he€acknowledged€by€signing€a€form.€€At€3:45€p.m.,€both€Detective€BorengerÏand€Agent€Smith€started€an€interview€with€the€defendant.€Concerning€the€allegation,€theÏdefendant€stated€he€had€gone€into€the€bedroom€in€the€early€morning€hours€of€November€Ï2€and€had€touched€the€victimððs€hair€and€run€his€hand€down€her€shoulder,€down€over€herÏstomach,€and€had€touched€her,€in€his€words,€ð ðwhere€the€hair€grows.ðð€Ð 09€48 Їà ` àLater,€the€defendant€requested€to€speak€to€Detective€Borenger€privately.€BothÏparties€went€to€a€restroom/locker€room,€used€by€deputy€sheriffs,€where€the€defendantÏadvised€the€detective€he€was€47€years€old€and€did€not€know€what€a€vagina€was.€After€anÏexplanation€of€a€femaleððs€genital€area€by€Detective€Borenger,€the€defendant€slapped€hisÏthigh€and€said€ð ðYou€mean€a€p„„„„.ðð€€Whereupon,€the€defendant€agreed€to€talk€to€DetectiveÏBorenger€further.€€After€a€re„reading€of€the€rights€to€the€defendant,€the€defendant€gave€aÏshort,€written€statement.€The€statement€was€read€to€the€jury.ÌÌà ` àDetective€Borenger€agreed€at€the€interview€in€November,€1996,€he€and€theÏdefendant€had€a€general€discussion€about€loss€of€memory,€blackouts,€and€drinkingÏproblems.€Detective€Borenger€also€agreed€he€might€have€suggested€the€defendant€receiveÏalcohol€abuse€treatment,€since€he€had€made€similar€suggestions€in€his€police€experience.€ÌÌà ` àThe€defendant€testified€in€his€own€behalf.€The€defendant€related€he€is€a€high€schoolÏgraduate,€an€Army€veteran€of€thirteen€and€one„half€years,€and€ñ3ñœñ3ñwasñ3ñ›ñ3ñ€presently€employed€asÏan€over„the„road€truck€driver.€€The€defendant€is€married€and€has€two€ñ3ñœñ3ñchildren.ñ3ñ›ñ3ñ€ÌÌà ` àThe€defendant€testified€he€observed€the€victim€and€her€brother€dropped€off€at€hisÏhome,€by€the€childrenððs€father,€on€the€evening€of€November€2,€1996.€The€defendant€hadÏbeen€drinking€and€went€to€bed€between€6:00€and€7:00€p.m.€€The€defendant€woke€upÏbetween€11:30€p.m.€and€12:00€a.m.€and€went€to€check€on€the€ñ3ñœñ3ñchildren,ñ3ñ›ñ3ñ€as€it€was€chilly.€TheÏdefendant€then€went€in€the€kitchen€and€began€drinking€some€beer.€€The€defendant€testifiedÏhe€saw€his€daughter€and€the€victim€in€the€living€room€ñ3ñœñ3ñat€aboutñ3ñ›ñ3ñ€12:00€ñ3ñœñ3ña.m.,ñ3ñ›ñ3ñ€and€they€wereÏcleaning€house.€He€told€them€he€would€give€them€$1.00,€and€both€girls€went€back€to€bed.€Ï€Ìà ` àThe€defendant€testified,€at€about€4:00„4:30€a.m.,€he€went€into€the€girlsðð€bedroom€andÏnoticed€they€had€no€covers€over€them.€The€defendant€covered€them€up,€while€both€wereÏasleep.€The€defendant€testified€that€V.B.€had€hair€in€her€eyes,€so€he€reached€down€andÏpushed€it€away.€€Further,€he€stated€while€he€was€pulling€the€covers€up,€ð ðmy€hand€mightÐ 09€48 Ðhave€went€down€her€arms€or€her€deals€or€whatever.ðð€€The€defendant€returned€to€theÏkitchen€and€turned€the€TV€on.€€The€defendant€testified€he€saw€the€victim€go€to€theÏbathroom€and€she€was€crying.€€Upon€the€defendantððs€inquiry,€the€victim€stated€her€stomachÏhurt.€€The€victim€asked€to€call€her€real€mother,€but€the€defendant€refused€her,€stating€it€wasÏtoo€early.€Although€the€victim€told€the€defendant€her€mother€was€up€that€early,€theÏdefendant€advised€the€victim€to€wait€until€7:00.€€The€victim€returned€to€bed.€€The€defendantÏwent€to€bed€at€5:00€and€got€up€between€11:00€a.m.€and€12:00€p.m.ÌÌà ` àThe€defendant€testified€he€recalled€everything€that€night€and€completely€denied€heÏrubbed€or€touched€the€child€in€a€sexual€manner,€nor€for€any€gratification.ÌÌà ` àThe€defendant€testified€he€had€several€conversations€with€Detective€Doug€Borenger.ÏThe€defendant€testified€he€met€Detective€Borenger€and€Agent€Pence€on€November€12,Ï1996.€€Although€he€does€not€recall€signing€a€waiver€of€rights€form,€he€acknowledged€hisÏsignature€on€the€form.€During€this€interview,€the€defendant€recalled€they€discussed€hisÏabuse€of€alcohol€and€ñ3ñœñ3ñthat€he€could€probablyñ3ñ›ñ3ñ€ñ3ñœñ3ñgetñ3ñ›ñ3ñ€treatment€for€it,€if€put€on€probation.€In€thisÏinterview,€the€defendant€informed€the€officers€about€touching€V.B.ððs€hair€and€covering€herÏarm,€but€denied€telling€the€officers€he€touched€her€breasts.€ñ3ñœñ3ñTheñ3ñ›ñ3ñ€defendant€told€AgentÏPence,€ð ðI€didnððt€go€into€my€daughterððs€bedroom.€I€remember€walking€down€the€hall€andÏlooking€in.€I€just€kind€of€poked€my€head€in.€I€did€not€go€in.ðð€€When€asked€about€thisÏinconsistent€statement€with€his€testimony€of€being€in€the€bedroom,€the€defendant€gave€aÏconfusing€reply,€ð ðNot€knowingly,€at€the€time.ððÌÌà ` àOn€November€25,€1996,€the€defendant€agreed€to€appear€at€the€Lincoln€CountyÏSheriffððs€office€for€the€purpose€of€a€polygraph€test€to€be€administered€by€the€TennesseeÏBureau€of€Investigation.€At€1:00€p.m.,€the€defendant€was€interviewed€alone€by€SpecialÏAgent€Michael€Smith.€€The€defendant€acknowledged€Agent€Smith€read€to€him€an€adviceÏof€rights,€which€included€the€statement€the€defendant€was€not€under€arrest€and€at€any€timeÏhe€was€entitled€to€cease€the€interview€and€free€to€leave.€The€defendant€signed€the€formÐ 09€48 Ðand€submitted€to€this€test.ñ3ñ׃ ×ñ3ññ3ñ׃×ñ3ñÝ ƒ %ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€The€defendant€was€reinterviewed€by€Detective€Borenger€andÐ ° ÐAgent€Smith€at€3:45€p.m.€€ÌÌà ` àDuring€this€interview,€the€defendant€testified€he€became€scared€of€Agent€Smith,€whoÏhad€slammed€the€table€with€his€hand.€Also,€in€this€interview€the€defendant€testified€he€wasÏdenied€a€Coke,€but€ñ3ñœñ3ñwasñ3ñ›ñ3ñ€allowed€to€use€an€adjoining€bathroom.€After€leaving€the€bathroom,Ïthe€defendant€entered€the€lobby€of€the€Sheriffððs€office,€ñ3ñœñ3ñspokeñ3ñ›ñ3ñ€to€his€ñ3ñœñ3ñwife,ñ3ñ›ñ3ñ€and€smoked€aÏcigarette.€€The€defendant€informed€his€wife,€ð ðI€ainððt€got€long,€but€things€donððt€looked€[sic]Ïgood,€and€you€need€to€get€out€here€and€get€a€lawyer.ðð€However,€upon€returning€to€theÏinterview€room,€the€defendant€did€not€request€a€lawyer.€Upon€the€defendantððs€return,€heÏadmitted€signing€a€ñ3ñœñ3ñstatement,ñ3ñ›ñ3ñ€stating€he€had€felt€of€the€victim€from€the€outside,€felt€herÏvaginal€area,€and€went€down€to€the€area€ð ðwhere€the€hair€grows.ðð€€The€defendant€testifiedÏhe€gave€this€statement€because€he€was€scared.ÌÌà ` àThe€defendant€corroborated€the€testimony€of€Detective€Borenger€as€to€whatÏoccurred€in€the€restroom€and€signed€a€statement.€The€defendant€believed€he€could€notÏleave€until€he€signed€that€statement.€€Based€upon€all€of€this€testimony,€the€jury€found€theÏdefendant€guilty€as€charged.Ìñ3ñœñ3ñÌñ3ñ›ñ3ñÓ  Óò òòòAPPELLATE€ISSUESóóÐ P( #& Ðñ3ñœñ3ñA.ñ3ñ›ñ3ñÌTENNESSEE€RULE€OF€EVIDENCE€ñ3ñœñ3ñ803(4)ñ3ñ›ñ3ñÌÌó óÓ  Óà ` àThe€defendant€contends€the€trial€court€erred€in€permitting€Ms.€Judy€Wiser,€nurseÐ Ð/ +. Ðpractitioner,€to€testify€in€the€presence€of€the€jury€as€to€the€statements€made€by€the€victimÏconcerning€the€facts€of€the€offense.€€Further,€the€defendant€contends€there€was€no€basisÏsufficient€to€support€the€admission€of€the€victimððs€statements€to€medical€personnel€underÐ p5À04 ÐRule€803(4),€since€the€statements€were€made€for€evaluative€purposes€only€and€not€for€theÏpurpose€of€medical€diagnosis€and€treatment.€òòState€v.€McLeod,€óó937€S.W.2d€867€(Tenn.Ð à Ð1996).ÌÌà ` àIn€an€out€of€jury€hearing,€the€State€requested€the€trial€court€to€permit€both€theÏmother,€Sherry€Armstrong,€and€Ms.€Judy€Wiser€to€testify€as€to€the€underlying€facts€relatedÏto€them€by€the€victim,€V.B.€The€State€contended€the€statements€made€to€the€mother€wereÏadmissible€under€Rule€803(2),€Excited€Utterance.€However,€the€trial€court€denied€theÏStateððs€request.€ÌÌà ` àMs.€Judy€Wiser€testified€that€she€talked€to€the€victim,€V.B.,€on€November€2,1996,€inÏthe€emergency€room€of€the€Lincoln€Regional€Hospital.€€Ms.€Wiser€testified€the€purpose€ofÏthe€history€was€ñ3ñœñ3ñð ðtoñ3ñ›ñ3ñ€help€the€doctor€do€his€findings€and,€also,€if€thereððs€any€legalitiesÏinvolved.ðð€€Ms.€Wiser€testified€she€took€word€for€word€what€the€victim€said,€including€theÏvictim€did€not€complain€of€any€pain€at€the€time€of€the€penetration,€but€did€complain€ofÏburning€upon€urination.€€All€of€this€information€was€given€to€Dr.€Patel€for€his€examination.ÏMs.€Wiser€testified€she€assisted€Dr.€Patel€in€his€examination€and€observed€some€rednessÏin€the€vaginal€area.€€Ms.€Wiser€agreed€with€the€Stateððs€question€that€the€history€taken€inÏthis€cause€was€like€any€other€history€on€any€other€examination€for€the€purpose€of€makingÏsure€that€the€treatment€was€accurate€and€correct.€Also,€Ms.€Wiser€testified€her€nurseððsÏnotes€reflected€ð ðNeeds€to€be€checked,ðð€ñ3ñœñ3ñwhichñ3ñ›ñ3ñ€was€for€the€purpose€of€an€evaluation€asÏopposed€to€diagnosis€and€treatment.€ÌÌà ` àIn€its€ruling,€the€trial€court€found€the€testimony€of€the€victimððs€mother€significant.ÏEven€if€the€DHS€had€not€requested€a€medical€examination,€the€mother€believed€anÏexamination€was€necessary,€stating€ð ðI€was€going€to€take€her€anyway,ðð€due€to€the€childððsÏcomplaint€of€irritation€in€the€vaginal€area.€€Further,€the€trial€court€found€the€history€taken€byÏMs.€Wiser€was€for€the€doctorððs€diagnosis€and€treatment.€The€trial€court€held:ÌÓÓà8 ` àà8× ` (#` (#àIt€gives€the€doctor,€in€my€mind,€when€they€have€the€complete€pictureÏof€what€had€occurred,€he€has€better€idea€of€the€length€of€time€thatÐ  :p59 Ðwas€involved,€the€nature€of€penetration€if€there€was€some€action€byÏthe€alleged€victim€that€ceased€it,€whether€or€not€that€could€contributeÏto€any€injuries€that€she€might€have€sustained.€Ð × ±!× ±! ÐÌà8 ` àà8× ` (#` (#àSo€the€Court€finds€that€there€was€a€dual€purpose€in€this€theÏexamination,€one€of€which€was€a€medical€purpose,€and€that€it€is€„„¼that€the€statement€was€taken€for€the€purpose€of€diagnosis€andÏtreatment€as€well€as€the€collection€of€evidence.€But€even€so,€it€isÏñ3ñœñ3ñadmissible.Ð × ±!× ±! Ðñ3ñ›ñ3ñÌÓÚTÓÌà ` àTrial€courts€have€broad€discretion€in€determining€the€admissibility€of€evidence,€andÏtheir€rulings€will€not€be€reversed€absent€an€abuse€of€discretion.€òòState€v.€Campbell,€óó904Ð Ð  ÐS.W.2d€608,€616€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995);€òòState€v.€Baker,€óó785€S.W.2d€132,€134€(Tenn.Ð ° ÐCrim.€App.€1989),€òòÔ‡X×WXXX×WÔperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóóÔ#†X×WXXX×WEY#Ô€(Tenn.€1990).€€Rule€803(4)€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€ofÐ à ÐEvidence€is€an€exception€to€the€rule€against€the€admission€of€hearsay.€It€permits€theÏadmission€of:ÌÓÓà8 ` àà8× ` (#` (#àStatements€made€for€purposes€of€medical€diagnosis€and€treatmentÏdescribing€medical€history;€past€or€present€symptoms,€pain,€orÏsensations;€or€the€inception€or€general€character€of€the€cause€orÏexternal€source€thereof€insofar€as€reasonably€pertinent€to€diagnosisÏand€treatment.€ñ3ñœñ3ñÐ × ±!× ±! Ðñ3ñ›ñ3ñÌÓTZÓÌà ` àIn€òòState€v.€Gordon,€óó952€S.W.2d€817,€822€(Tenn.€1997)€and€òòState€v.€Stinnett,€óó958Ð °"  ÐS.W.2d€329,€331€(Tenn.€1997),€the€Rule€803(4)€exception€is€predicated€on€the€perceptionÏthat€statements€made€for€the€purpose€of€medical€diagnosis€and€treatment€are€reliable€andÏtrustworthy:ÌÓÓà8 ` àà8× ` (#` (#àThe€rationale€underlying€the€hearsay€exception€for€statements€madeÏfor€purposes€of€medical€diagnosis€and€treatment€is€that€theÏdeclarantððs€motive€of€obtaining€improved€health€increases€theÏstatementððs€reliability€and€trustworthiness.€This€motivation€isÏconsidered€stronger€than€the€motivation€to€lie€or€shade€the€truth.ÏPatients€generally€go€to€doctors€to€receive€treatment,€and€treatmentÏusually€depends,€in€part,€on€what€is€said;€thus€the€declarant€has€aÏself„interested€motive€to€tell€the€truth.Ð × ±!× ±! ÐòòÌÌÓ]ÓState€v.€Gordon,€óó952€S.W.2d€at€822€(quoting€òòState€v.€Baroneóó,€852€S.W.2d€216,€220€(Tenn.Ð 3à.2 Ð1993)).ÌÌà ` àIn€òòState€v.€McLeod,€óó937€S.W.2d€867,€871€(Tenn.€1996),€the€supreme€courtÐ 09€48 Ðaddressed€the€rationale€above€in€cases€involving€children.€The€supreme€court€said:ÌÓÓà8 ` àà8× ` (#` (#àCourts€should€not€presume€that€statements€made€by€a€child€to€aÏmedical€services€provider€are€untrustworthy,€merely€because€thereÏis€disputable€evidence€of€the€childððs€motivation€to€be€truthful.€òòRather,Ð pÀ Ðthe€admissibility€decision€should€be€based€upon€a€thoroughÏexamination€of€all€of€the€circumstances€surrounding€the€statement.óóÐ P   Ð(emphasis€ñ3ñœñ3ñadded).Ð × ±!× ±! Ðñ3ñ›ñ3ñÌÓµ`ÓÌà ` àWe€find€the€circumstances€surrounding€V.B.ððs€statements€are€significant.€€WithinÏfifteen€minutes€of€the€victim€seeing€her€mother,€the€victim€told€her€mother€what€happenedÏto€her€at€the€defendantððs€home.€The€victim€was€taken€to€the€Fayetteville€Police€DepartmentÏwhere€she€gave€a€statement€to€officers€and€a€representative€of€the€DHS.€All€statementsÏwere€consistent€in€what€the€victim€had€said€happened€to€her.€€Between€5:30€and€6:00€p.m.,Ïapproximately€thirteen€hours€after€the€offense,€the€victim€gave€a€history€of€the€facts€to€anÏemergency€room€nurse€which€was€utilized€by€Dr.€Patel€in€his€examination€for€bothÏdiagnosis€and€treatment€of€any€possible€injuries€for€this€offense.€€The€examining€physicianÏfound€redness€in€the€vaginal€area€which€was€consistent€with€the€victimððs€history.€ÌÌà ` àIt€is€also€significant€that€the€defendant€testified€he€did€go€into€the€bedroom€and€touchÏthe€victim,€but€denied€there€was€any€improper€touching.€€In€addressing€the€trial€courtððsÏdenial€of€a€motion€to€suppress,€this€Court€can€consider€testimony€given€at€trial.€òòState€v.Ð €%Ð # ÐJohnny€M.€Henning,€óóòò€€€€€€óó€S.W.2d€òò€€€€€€óó,€No.€02S01„9707„CC„00065,€slip€op.€at€14€(Tenn.,Ð `'°"% ÐJackson,€June€22,€1998);€òòState€v.€Adrian€Wilkerson€and€Steven€Murphy,€óóDavidson€CountyÐ @)$' ÐNo.€01C01„9610„CR„00419€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Nashville,€August€26,€1998).ÌÌà ` àIn€conclusion,€after€consideration€of€the€circumstances€surrounding€the€making€ofÏV.B.ððs€statements,€we€find€the€statements€were€made€for€medical€diagnosis€and€treatment.Ð À0,/ ÐòòState€v.€McLeod,€óó937€S.W.2d€867,€871€(Tenn.€1996).€€We€affirm€the€trial€courtððs€denial€ofÐ  2ð-1 Ðthe€defendantððs€motion€to€suppress€the€testimony€of€the€nurse€practitioner€as€to€the€victimððsÏhistory€of€this€offense.ÌÌÓ  Óœò òñ4ñÐ   :p59 Ðñ4ñB.›ÌMOTION€TO€SUPPRESS€DEFENDANTððS€CONFESSIONÌÌó óÓ  Óà ` àThe€defendant€complains€the€trial€court€erred€in€not€granting€his€motion€to€suppressÐ P   Ðhis€confession€given€to€the€Lincoln€County€Sheriffððs€Department.€The€defendant€concedesÏthat€his€òòMirandaóó€rights€were€read€to€him,€but€his€statement€was€not€freely€and€voluntarilyÐ `  Ðgiven,€due€to€the€coercive€actions€of€law€enforcement€officers.€ÌÌÓ  Óò ò(1)Ð ° ÐÌó óÓ  Óà ` àIn€his€testimony,€the€defendant€advised€the€trial€court€he€talked€to€Detective€DougÐ pÀ ÐBorenger€by€phone€and€arranged€an€interview€for€November€8,€1996,€but€failed€to€appearÏdue€to€intoxication.€On€November€12,€1996,€the€defendant€testified€he€met€with€DetectiveÏBorenger€and€Special€Agent€Donna€Pence€of€the€Tennessee€Bureau€of€Investigation€at€theÏLincoln€County€Sheriffððs€Department.€€The€defendant€was€advised€of€his€òòMiranda€óórights€byÐ ð@ ÐAgent€Pence€and€signed€a€form€acknowledging€the€same.€The€defendant€discussed€theÏaccusation€of€the€victim,€but€could€not€remember€anything€about€the€situation.€TheÏdefendant€agreed€to€take€a€polygraph€test€which€was€set€up€for€November€25,€1996.€€TheÏdefendant€was€permitted€to€leave.ÌÌà ` àThe€defendant€testified€he€and€his€wife€arrived€at€the€Lincoln€County€SheriffððsÏDepartment€on€November€25,€1996€at€approximately€12:45€p.m.€€The€defendant€was€takenÏto€a€conference€room€where€he€met€Special€Agent€Michael€Smith€of€the€Tennessee€BureauÏof€Investigation.€€Agent€Smith€administered€the€polygraph€test.€€Agent€Smith€explained€toÏthe€defendant€how€the€test€would€be€conducted€and€read€a€TBI€advice€of€€rights€form€to€theÏdefendant,€which€the€defendant€signed.€The€defendant€testified€the€polygraph€test€tookÏapproximately€one€and€one„half€hours,€during€which€he€had€several€breaks€and€talked€toÏhis€wife.€€At€the€conclusion€of€the€test,€the€defendant€testified€he€was€ready€to€go,€butÏAgent€Smith€said€most€people€wanted€to€know€the€results.€The€defendant€testified€he€wasÐ 09€48 Ðgoing€to€leave€and€call€back€about€the€results,€but€ð ðthey€wouldnððt€let€me€leave„„it€seemedÏeverything€turned€completely€around,€he€turned€into€a€mad€man,€as€far€as€Iððm€concerned.ððÏThe€defendant€testified€Agent€Smith€became€irritated€over€two€questions€and€theÏdefendantððs€response€at€the€end€of€the€test.€€Although€the€defendant€was€of€the€impressionÏhe€could€not€leave€the€interrogation,€the€defendant€did€talk€to€his€wife€during€the€break.€ÌÌà ` àUpon€returning€to€the€conference€room,€the€defendant€was€questioned€by€AgentÏSmith€about€the€defendantððs€answers€on€the€test.€The€defendant€did€not€recall€if€DetectiveÏBorenger€was€present.€€In€response€to€a€question,€the€defendant€testified€that€Agent€SmithÏstated,€ð ðDonððt€insult€my€intelligenceðð€and€slammed€the€table€with€his€fist.€The€defendantÏbelieved€the€agent€was€about€to€hit€him.€The€defendant€testified€he€wanted€to€talk€to€hisÏwife€and€get€a€Coke,€but€Agent€Smith€told€him€to€give€the€money€to€an€€officer€and€sheÏwould€get€one€for€him.€€The€defendant€was€allowed€to€use€the€bathroom€and,€during€thisÏbreak,€he€ð ðsnuckðð€out€to€talk€to€his€wife.€€Upon€the€defendantððs€return,€Agent€Smith€andÏDetective€Borenger€questioned€the€defendant,€and€the€defendant€admitted€touching€theÏvictimððs€hair.€€Agent€Smith€then€said,€ð ðtake€my€hand€and€shake€it.ðð€€Ìñ3ñœñ3ñÌñ3ñ›ñ3ñà ` àThe€defendant€testified€he€asked€to€see€Detective€Borenger€in€the€bathroom€as€theÏdefendant€was€embarrassed€over€not€knowing€the€term€vagina.€The€defendant€describedÏDetective€Borengerððs€reply€as€being€ð ðby€the€legs.ðð€The€defendant€acknowledged€DetectiveÏBorenger€wrote€something€down€in€the€bathroom€and€he€signed€it.€€The€defendant€testifiedÏthat,€as€he€and€his€wife€were€leaving€the€parking€lot,€Detective€Borenger€came€to€the€carÏand€advised€the€defendant€he€had€forgotten€to€have€the€defendant€sign€the€waiver€formÏfor€the€advice€of€rights.€Also,€the€defendant€testified€he€did€not€request€an€attorney€nor€wasÏhe€under€arrest.€ÌÌà ` àMrs.€Rhonda€Lewis,€the€defendantððs€wife,€testified€she€and€her€husband€went€to€theÏSheriffððs€Department€on€November€25,€1996.€Her€husband€was€to€take€a€polygraph€test.ÏMrs.€Lewis€saw€her€husband€a€total€of€three€times,€the€last€when€he€snuck€out.€HerÐ 09€48 Ðhusband€advised€her€that€he€felt€he€could€not€leave,€and€that€he€was€going€to€be€arrested.€ÏHer€husband€did€not€request€an€attorney.€ÌÌà ` àMichael€Smith,€Special€Agent€for€the€Tennessee€Bureau€of€Investigation€and€aÏlicensed€polygraph€examiner,€testified€he€met€the€defendant€on€November€25,€1996.€ThisÏpolygraph€examination€was€at€the€request€of€the€Lincoln€County€Sheriffððs€Department.ÌÌà ` àAgent€Smith€explained€to€the€defendant€how€a€polygraph€test€is€conducted.ñ3ñ׃×ñ3ññ3ñ׃×ñ3ñÝ ƒ %ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€TheÐ Ð  Ðdefendant€was€advised€of€his€òòMirandaóó€rights€through€consent€form.€The€defendant€signedÐ ° Ðthe€waiver€form,€did€not€request€an€attorney,€and€agreed€to€talk€and€take€the€test.€Also,€theÏdefendant€was€advised€he€was€free€to€leave€at€any€time€and€signed€a€form€acknowledgingÏthis€right.€The€defendant€declined€to€have€the€interview€and€test€ñ3ñœñ3ñtape„recorded.ñ3ñ›ñ3ñ€During€theÏpretest€interview,€Agent€Smith€and€the€defendant€discussed€the€meaning€and€definition€ofÏa€vagina.€As€to€the€relevant€issues,€Agent€Smith€testified€the€defendant,€in€the€test,€deniedÏtouching€the€victimððs€vagina,€fondling€the€victimððs€vagina,€or€inserting€his€finger€in€herÏvagina.€The€defendant€was€given€two€fifteen„minute€breaks,€and€during€the€last€break,ÏAgent€Smith€evaluated€the€test€results.€ÌÌà ` àAgent€Smith€testified€he€and€Detective€Borenger€went€over€the€test€results€with€theÏdefendant.€€When€Agent€Smith€informed€the€defendant€he€had€failed,€the€defendantÏappeared€surprised€in€one€way€and€not€in€another€way.€€Agent€Smith€did€not€recallÏspecifically€striking€the€desk€with€his€fist,€but€might€have€used€the€term,€ñ3ñœñ3ñð ðDonððtñ3ñ›ñ3ñ€insult€myÏintelligence.ðð€€Agent€Smith€denied€threatening€or€making€any€promises€to€the€defendantÏfor€this€interview€or€test.€€Agent€Smith€agreed€the€post„test€interview€lasted€from€3:45€p.m.Ïto€5:57€p.m.,€during€which€the€defendant€was€permitted€to€take€breaks.€€Agent€SmithÏagreed€he€shook€hands€twice€with€the€defendant,€at€the€inception€of€the€polygraph€test€andÏagain€when€the€defendant€stated€he€touched€the€victimððs€hair.€Ð p5À04 Їà ` àDetective€Borenger€testified€he€first€talked€to€the€defendant€about€an€interview€onÏNovember€8,€1996,€but€the€defendant€failed€to€appear€due€to€the€defendantððs€drinking.€€OnÏNovember€12,€1996,€Detective€Borenger€and€Agent€Pence€interviewed€the€defendant,€afterÏan€advice€of€rights€and€the€defendant€signing€a€form.€The€defendant€had€no€memory€of€theÏaccusation€of€the€victim.€The€defendant€agreed€to€take€a€polygraph€test.€The€defendantÏwas€given€a€polygraph€test€on€November€25,€1996€by€Agent€Michael€Smith.€€DetectiveÏBorenger€was€not€present€during€the€test.ÌÌà ` àDetective€Borenger€testified€he€saw€the€defendant,€during€a€break,€outside€theÏdepartment€smoking€a€cigarette€and€talking€to€his€wife.€€Detective€Borenger€saw€theÏdefendant€at€3:45€p.m.€after€the€test.€€During€this€post„test€interview€with€Agent€Smith,€ÏDetective€Borenger€testified€the€defendant€asked€to€see€his€wife.€€Detective€BorengerÏresponded,€ð ðWe€are€getting€down€to€the€truth€and€his€wife€didnððt€have€the€answer.ðð€TheÏdetective€testified€he€did€not€refuse€the€defendant€the€right€to€see€his€wife.€€DetectiveÏBorenger€denied€Agent€Smith€struck€the€desk€with€his€fist.€ÌÌà ` àAt€approximately€5:30€p.m.,€the€defendant€requested€to€see€Detective€BorengerÏprivately.€The€defendant€and€Detective€Borenger€went€to€a€restroom/locker€room€where€theÏdefendant€said,€ð ðIððm€40€something€years€old.€I€donððt€know€what€a€vagina€is.ðð€After€anÏexplanation€by€Detective€Borenger,€the€defendant€ñ3ñœñ3ñsaid,ñ3ñ›ñ3ñ€ñ3ñœñ3ñð ðYouñ3ñ›ñ3ñ€mean€a€ñ3ñœñ3ñp„„„„.ððñ3ñ›ñ3ñ€€DetectiveÏBorenger€reread€the€defendant€his€òòMirandaóó€rights€and€obtained€a€statement€from€theÐ 0*€%( Ðdefendant.€The€defendant€told€Detective€Borenger€he€went€into€the€bedroom€and€noticedÏthe€girls€did€not€have€blankets€on.€€The€defendant€felt€V.B.ððs€hair,€down€her€breast,€downÏher€stomach,€and€€down€to€her€area€ð ðwhere€the€hair€grows.ðð€€The€defendant€deniedÏentering€the€victimððs€panties,€but€only€felt€of€her€from€the€outside€and€felt€her€vaginal€area.€ÏThe€defendant€signed€the€statement€and€initialed€his€answer€to€a€question.€€DetectiveÏBorenger€testified€he€was€seeking€the€truth€from€the€defendant€and€not€a€confession.ÏDetective€Borenger€testified€that€he€did€go€out€to€the€defendantððs€car€and€have€theÏdefendant€sign€the€admonition€waiver,€since€the€detective€had€forgotten€to€have€theÐ 09€48 Ðdefendant€do€so€earlier.€ÌÌà ` àThe€trial€court€set€out€a€ñ3ñœñ3ñfindingsñ3ñ›ñ3ñ€of€ñ3ñœñ3ñfactñ+ñsñ+ññ3ñ›ñ3ñ€in€which€it€found€there€was€probable€causeÏto€interview€the€defendant.€The€defendant€was€advised€of€his€constitutional€rights€underÏthe€Fifth€Amendment;€the€defendant€voluntarily€appeared€for€a€polygraph€test€in€a€non„¼secured€facility;€the€defendant€was€advised€he€was€not€under€arrest€and€fully€advised€ofÏhis€rights€to€remain€silent€and€the€presence€of€an€attorney;€the€fact€the€interview€was€overÏfive€hours€was€not€in€and€of€itself€coercive;€and€the€fact€the€defendant€was€able€to€sneakÏout€and€consult€with€his€wife.€The€trial€court€failed€to€find€any€facts€to€support€theÏdefendantððs€petition€that€law€enforcement€officers€used€any€coercion€against€the€defendantÏso€as€to€overbear€his€will.€€The€court€found€the€defendantððs€statement€was€freely€andÏvoluntarily€given.€ÌÓ  Óà @ àò ò(2)€Ð 0€ ÐÌó óÓ  Óà ` àWhen€an€accused€moves€to€suppress€his€statement€given€to€law€enforcementÐ ð@ Ðofficers,€the€findings€of€fact€made€by€the€trial€court,€at€the€hearing€on€the€motion,€areÏbinding€upon€this€Court€unless€the€evidence€contained€in€the€record€preponderates€againstÏthese€findings.€òòState€v.€Smith,€óó933€S.W.2d€450,€455€(Tenn.€1996);€òòState€v.€Odom,€óó928Ð $à" ÐS.W.2d€18,€23€(Tenn.€1996);òò€State€v.€Stephenson,€óó878€S.W.2d€530,€544€(Tenn.€1994).€Ð p&À!$ ÐThe€trial€court,€as€the€trier€of€fact,€is€in€the€best€position€to€assess€the€credibility€of€theÏwitnesses,€determine€the€weight€and€value€to€be€afforded€the€evidence€and€resolve€anyÏconflicts€in€the€evidence.€òòState€v.€Odom,€óó928€S.W.2d€at€23.€However,€this€Court€is€notÐ ,`'* Ðbound€by€the€trial€courtððs€conclusions€of€law.€€The€defendant€has€the€burden€of€establishingÏthat€the€evidence€contained€in€the€record€preponderates€against€the€findings€of€fact€madeÏby€the€trial€court.€òò€Braziel€v.€State,€óó529€S.W.2d€501,€506€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòcertóó.€òòdeniedóóÐ °1-0 Ð(Tenn.€1975).ÌÓ  Óò ò(3)€Ð p5À04 ÐÌó óÓ  Óà ` à€The€determination€of€whether€a€confession€has€been€obtained€improperly,€byÐ 09€48 Ðcoercive€or€improper€ñ3ñœñ3ñinducementñ,ñ,ñ,ññ3ñ›ñ3ñ€can€only€be€made€by€examining€all€of€the€surroundingÏcircumstances€involving€the€interrogation€leading€to€the€confession€or€statement.€òòState€v.Ð à ÐMonts,€óó400€S.W.2d€722€(Tenn.€1966).€The€defendant€does€not€dispute€that€his€òòMirandaóóÐ pÀ Ðrights€were€read€to€him€and€he€executed€a€form€acknowledging€the€same.€The€defendantÏdoes€complain€the€ð ðextensive€questioning€had€already€been€conducted€had€the€ultimateÏeffect€of€overbearing€the€defendantððs€will€to€resist.ðð€€òòRogers€v.€Richmond,€óó365€U.S.€534,Ð `  Ð81€S.Ct.€735,€5€L.Ed.2d€760€(1961);€òòState€v.€Kelly,€óó603€S.W.2d€726,€727€(Tenn.€1980).€InÐ ð@  Ðaddition,€the€defendant€argues€that€his€request€to€see€his€wife€amounted€to€an€invoking€ofÏhis€right€to€remain€silent.€However,€the€defendant€cites€no€authorities€for€such€claim.€ÌÌà ` àIn€determining€whether€the€defendantððs€confession€was€voluntary,€this€Court€mustÏconsider€whether€the€surrounding€circumstances€indicate€that€the€officerððs€conductÏundermined€the€defendantððs€free€will€and€critically€impaired€his€capacity€for€self„¼determination.€òò€Culombe€v.€Connecticut,€óó367€U.S.€568,€602,€81€S.Ct.€1860,€1879,€6Ð ` ÐL.Ed.2d€1037€(1961).€ñ3ñœñ3ññ-ñ€ñ-ñAlso,ñ3ñ›ñ3ñ€coercive€police€activity€is€a€necessary€predicate€to€finding€thatÏa€confession€is€not€ð ðvoluntary.ðð€òò€Colorado€v.€Connelly,€óó479€U.S.€157,€107€S.Ct.€515,€93Ð Ð  ÐL.Ed.2d€473€(1986).€ÌÌà ` àIn€summation,€we€find€the€evidence€does€not€preponderate€against€the€trial€courtððsÏfindings.€The€defendant€ñ3ñœñ3ññ.ñwasñ.ññ/ñisñ/ññ3ñ›ñ3ñ€47€years€ñ3ñœñ3ñoldñ0ñ€at€the€time€of€trialñ0ñ,ñ3ñ›ñ3ñ€ñ3ñœñ3ñhañ1ñdñ1ññ1ñsñ1ññ3ñ›ñ3ñ€several€prior€arrests€forÏmisdemeanors,€and€ñ3ñœñ3ñhañ2ñdñ2ññ2ñsñ2ññ3ñ›ñ3ñ€undergone€a€previous€polygraph€examination.€The€record€is€clearÏthe€defendant€was€never€in€custody€during€any€of€the€interviews.€The€record€is€substantialÏthat€he€was€advised€of€his€rights€on€at€least€three€occasions.€Although€the€defendantÏtestified€he€was€refused€the€right€to€see€his€wife,€during€the€post„interview,€the€defendantÏð ðsnuckðð€out€and€talked€to€his€wife.€The€law€enforcement€officers€denied€they€threatened€orÏintimidated€the€defendant.€€We€find€no€reason€to€disagree€with€the€findings€of€the€trial€courtÏwith€respect€to€the€voluntariness€of€the€defendantððs€statement.ÌÌÓ  Óñ3ñœñ3ñò òÐ  09€48 ÐC.ñ3ñ›ñ3ñÌVIOLATION€OF€RULE€608€ÌTENNESSEE€RULES€OF€EVIDENCEÌÌó óÓ  Óà ` àThe€defendant€contends€the€State€attempted€to€improperly€cross„examine€theÐ 0 € Ðdefendant€as€to€prior€bad€acts,€thus€depriving€the€defendant€of€a€fair€trial€due€to€the€highlyÏinflammatory€nature€of€the€misconduct.€ÌÌà ` àDuring€the€Stateððs€cross„examination€of€the€defendant,€the€following€exchange€tookÏplace:ÌÓÓÓ9°,X‚XA –X°,X‚X¸ —X9Óà8 ` àà8× ` (#` (#àQ.à8™ × ±!× ±!àYouððve€told€this€jury€something€I€didnððt€bring€up.€YouððveÐ pÀ Ðtold€them€that€Vððs€stepmama€had€to€call€you€once€beforeÏabout€biting€her.€Did€she?€Did€she€call€you€and€fuss€atÏyou?Ð ™ ï™ ï ÐÌà8 ` àà × àA.à8™ ` (#` (#àDid€she€do€what?Ð p™ f!™ f! ÐÌà8 ` àà8× ` (#` (#àQ.à8™ × ±!× ±!àCall€you€and€fuss€at€you€about€biting€V€on€the€chest?ÐP™ ï™ ï ÐÌà8 ` àà8× ` (#` (#àA.à8™ × ±!× ±!à(No€audible€response.)Ðà0™ ï™ ï ÐÌà8 ` àà8× ` (#` (#àQ.à8™ × ±!× ±!àDid€she€do€that?ÐÀ!™ ï™ ï ÐÌà8 ` àà8× ` (#` (#àA.à8™ × ±!× ±!àShe€told€me€what€V€said.Р#ð!™ ï™ ï ÐÌà8 ` àà8× ` (#` (#àQ.à8™ × ±!× ±!àYeah.€She€wasnððt€happy€about€it€either,€was€she?Ѐ%Ð #™ ï™ ï ÐÌà8 ` àà8× ` (#` (#àA.à8™ × ±!× ±!àNo,€she€wasnððt.Ð`'°"%™ ï™ ï ÐÌà8 ` àà8× ` (#` (#àQ.à8™ × ±!× ±!àAnd€this€was€about€a€year€before€this€happened€thatÐ @)$' Ðweððre€here€on€today,€wasnððt€it?Ð ™ ï™ ï ÐÌà8 ` àà8× ` (#` (#àA.à8™ × ±!× ±!àI€donððt€know.Ð,`'*™ ï™ ï ÐÌà8 ` àà8× ` (#` (#àQ.à8™ × ±!× ±!àYou€talked€your€way€out€of€that€one,€didnððt€you?Ðð-@),™ ï™ ï ÐÌà8 ` àà8× ` (#` (#àA.à8™ × ±!× ±!àNo,€I€didnððt.€I€didnððt€even€get€a€chance€to€explain.ÐÐ/ +.™ ï™ ï ÐÌà8 ` àà8× ` (#` (#àQ.à8™ × ±!× ±!àShe€told€you€V€couldnððt€come€over€there€anymore€unlessÐ °1-0 Ðyour€wife€was€present€in€the€house,€didnððt€she?Ð ™ ï™ ï ÐÌà8 ` àà8× ` (#` (#àA.à8™ × ±!× ±!à(No€audible€response.)Ѐ4Ð/3™ ï™ ï ÐÌà8 ` àà8× ` (#` (#àQ.à8™ × ±!× ±!àWhat?Ð`6°15™ ï™ ï ÐÌà8 ` àà8× ` (#` (#àA.à8™ × ±!× ±!àSomething€along€that€line.€I€canððt€remember€exactly.Ð@837™ ï™ ï ÐÌà8 ` àà8× ` (#` (#àQ.à8™ × ±!× ±!àSomething€along€that€line.€Thatððs€not€the€only€little€girlÐ  :p59 Ðthat€canððt€come€over€to€your€house,€is€it?Ð ™ ï™ ï ÐÌà8 ` àà8× ` (#` (#àMr.€Self:€€Your€Honor,€I€object€to€the€relevance€of€this€question.Ð × ±!× ±! ÐÌà8 ` àà8× ` (#` (#àThe€Court:€Approach€the€bench.Ð × ±!× ±! ÐÌà8 ` àà × à(At€the€bench)à h àÐP  ` (#` (# ÐÌà ` àà8 × àThe€Court:€Where€are€we€going€with€that€last€question?Ð × $× $ ÐÌà8 ` àà8× ` (#` (#àMr.€Barnard:€The€„„€his€sister€will€not€allow€her€daughters€to€comeÏover€to€the€house.€And€he€was€questioned€about€that€by€the€TBI.ÏAnd€he€gave€an€explanation.€He€said€it€was€because€they€saw€himÏwalking€around€the€house€naked.Ð × ±!× ±! ÐÌà8 ` àà8× ` (#` (#àThe€Court:€I€will€sustain€the€objection.€Although€relevant,€theÏprejudicial€effect€outweighs€the€probative€value€and€would€lead€toÏconfusion€of€the€issues€in€front€of€the€jury.Ð × ±!× ±! ÐÌà8 ` àà8× ` (#` (#àMr.€Barnard:€Yes,€sir€I€understand.Ð × ±!× ±! ÐÌà8 ` àà × à(Open€court.)Ð ` (#` (# ÐÌà8 ` àà8× ` (#` (#àThe€Court:€€Sustain€the€Defendantððs€objection.€The€jury€willÏdisregard€the€last€question.€Ð × ±!× ±! ÐÓÅ¢ÓÌÌà ` àThe€defendant€argues€that€he€was€entitled€to€an€out€of€jury€hearing€pursuant€to€RuleÏ608(b)(3)€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Evidence€to€determine€the€admissibility€of€suchÏevidence€so€the€defendant€could€make€an€intelligent€decision€to€testify€in€his€own€behalf.€ÌÌà ` àAlthough€we€agree€the€Stateððs€question€was€improper,€the€trial€court€promptlyÏsustained€the€defendantððs€objection€and€instructed€the€jury€to€disregard€the€question.€€It€isÏwell€settled€in€this€State€that€a€prompt€instruction€by€the€trial€court,€in€most€cases,€curesÏany€error.€òò€State€v.€Blackmon,€óó701€S.W.2d€228,€233€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòÔ‡X×WXXX×WÔperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóóÔ#†X×WXXX×W¼³#ÔÐ -P(+ Ð(Tenn.€1985);€òòState€v.€Smith,€óó893€S.W.2d€908,€914€(Tenn.€1994);€òòState€v.€Melvin,€óó913Ð à.0*- ÐS.W.2d€195,€201€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòÔ‡X×WXXX×WÔperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóóÔ#†X×WXXX×Wδ#Ô€(Tenn.€1995).€The€defendant€hasÐ À0,/ Ðfailed€to€establish€that€the€jury€did€not€follow€the€instruction.€There€is€no€merit€to€this€issue.ÌÌÓ  Óñ3ñœñ3ñò òÐ  `6°15 ÐD.ñ3ñ›ñ3ñÌSENTENCING€CONSIDERATIONSÌÌó óÓ  Óà ` àThe€defendant€insists€the€trial€court€erred€by€enhancing€his€sentence€for€abusing€aÐ P   Ðposition€of€private€trust€and€not€applying€the€mitigating€factor€that€the€defendantððs€conductÏdid€not€cause€nor€threaten€serious€bodily€injury.€€At€the€sentencing€hearing€on€May€6,€1997,Ïthe€State€urged€the€trial€court€to€impose€a€sentence€of€twelve€years,€Range€I,€standardÏoffender,€based€on€five€enhancement€factors.€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€Ô‡X×WXXX×WÔððÔ#†X×WXXX×Wö·#Ô€40„35„114(1),€(4),€(5),Ð Ð  Ð(7)€and€(15).€The€defendant€urged€the€trial€court€to€consider€as€a€mitigating€factor€the€fact€Ïthe€defendant€did€not€cause€nor€threaten€serious€bodily€injury€to€the€victim.€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€Ô‡X×WXXX×WÔððÔ#†X×WXXX×W&¹#Ô€40„35„113(1).€Thus,€the€defendant€requested€the€minimum€sentence€of€eight€years.€Ð pÀ ÐÌà ` àWhen€a€defendant€complains€of€his€or€her€sentence,€we€must€conduct€a€òòde€novoÐ 0€ Ðóóreview€with€a€presumption€of€correctness.€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€Ô‡X×WXXX×WÔððÔ#†X×WXXX×Wº#Ô€40„35„401(d).€€Therefore,€theÐ ` Ðburden€of€showing€that€the€sentence€is€improper€is€upon€the€appealing€party.€òò€Id.€óóTheÐ ð@ Ðpresumption€that€determinations€made€by€the€trial€court€are€correct€is€conditioned€upon€anÏaffirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencing€principlesÏand€all€relevant€factors€and€circumstances.€òò€State€v.€Ashby,€óó823€S.W.2d€166€(Tenn.€1991);Ð $à" ÐòòState€v.€Smith,€óó898€S.W.2d€742€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994),€òòÔ‡X×WXXX×WÔperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóóÔ#†X×WXXX×WÖ¼#Ô€(Tenn.€1995).Ð p&À!$ ÐÌà ` àIf€appellate€review€reflects€that€the€trial€court€properly€considered€all€relevant€factsÏand€its€findings€of€fact€are€adequately€supported€by€the€record,€this€Court€must€affirm€theÏsentences€ð ðeven€if€we€would€have€arrived€at€a€different€result.ðð€òòState€v.€Fletcher,€óó805Ð ð-@), ÐS.W.2d€785€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).€In€arriving€at€the€proper€determination€of€anÏappropriate€sentence,€the€trial€court€must€consider:€(1)€the€evidence€at€trial€and€theÏsentencing€hearing;€(2)€the€presentence€report;€(3)€the€principles€of€sentencing€andÏarguments€as€to€sentencing€alternatives;€(4)€the€nature€and€characteristics€of€the€criminalÏconduct€involved;€(5)€evidence€and€information€offered€by€the€parties€on€enhancement€andÏmitigating€factors;€(6)€any€statements€the€defendant€wishes€to€make€in€the€defendantððsÐ 09€48 Ðbehalf€about€sentencing;€and€(7)€the€potential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€Ô‡X×WXXX×WÔððÔ#†X×WXXX×WÁ#Ô€40„35„210(a)€and€(b)€(1997);€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€Ô‡X×WXXX×WÔððÔ#†X×WXXX×W‰Á#Ô€40„35„103(5);€òòState€v.€Holland,Ð à Ðóó860€S.W.2d€53€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€Ð pÀ ÐÌà ` àIn€this€case,€the€defendant€was€convicted€of€aggravated€sexual€battery,€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€Ô‡X×WXXX×WÔððÔ#†X×WXXX×W«Â#Ô€39„13„504,€and,€therefore,€was€not€eligible€for€any€consideration€of€an€alternativeÐ `  Ðsentence.€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€Ô‡X×WXXX×WÔððÔ#†X×WXXX×WtÃ#Ô€40„35„303.€Since€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencingÐ ð@  Ðprinciples€applicable€to€this€offense,€we€conduct€our€review€with€the€presumption€that€theÏtrial€court€was€correct.€ÌÌà ` àIn€determining€the€appropriate€sentence,€the€trial€court€referred€to€the€guidelines€asÏrequired€by€the€Tennessee€Sentencing€Act.€The€trial€court€found€two€enhancement€factors:€Ï(1)€the€defendant€had€a€history€of€criminal€convictions,€four€or€five€DUI€convictions€basedÏon€the€defendantððs€admission€in€the€presentence€report,€and€(2)€the€defendant€abused€aÏposition€of€private€trust.€€In€rejecting€the€defendantððs€request€to€apply€the€lack€of€seriousÏbodily€injury€as€a€mitigating€factor,€the€trial€court€found€the€testimony€of€Mrs.€SherryÏArmstrong,€the€victimððs€mother,€compelling.€Mrs.€Armstrong€testified€her€daughterÏcontinues€to€suffer€trauma€and€that€the€victim€has€sought€counseling€through€her€schoolÏfor€this€offense.€The€trial€court€ñ3ñœñ3ñstated:ñ3ñ›œñ3ñÌñ3ñ›ñ3ñÓÓñ3ñœ›ñ3ñà8 ` àà8× ` (#` (#àSerious€bodily€injury€does€not€necessarily€mean€a€cut,€abrasions€orÏother€physical€trauma€to€the€body€but€may€also€be€a€mental€traumaÏand€if€there€is€a€protracted€loss€of€a€member€of€a€mental€faculty€inÏthe€form€of€trauma€there€in€this€courtððs€mind€given€the€nature€of€theÏoffense€as€well€as€the€facts€of€this€particular€case€there€was€a€threatÏof€what€the€law€defines€as€serious€bodily€ñ3ñœñ3ñinjury.Ð × ±!× ±! Ðñ3ñ›ñ3ñÌÓ¦ÇÓÌñ3ñœ›ñ3ñà ` àIn€assessing€the€enhancement€factors€proven€by€the€State,€the€trial€court€gave€littleÏweight€to€the€defendantððs€history€of€past€convictions,€due€to€their€age.€The€defendantÏcontends€the€enhancement€factor€of€the€abuse€of€a€private€trust€is€not€applicable€to€him,Ïin€that€due€to€a€prior€agreement€between€the€victimððs€stepmother,€the€defendantððs€wife€wasÏalways€present€when€the€victim€was€in€the€defendantððs€home.€The€trial€court€rejected€thisÏargument€by€stating:Ð  :p59 ÐÓÓà8 ` àà8× ` (#` (#àNow,€the€Court€can€and€in€this€case€does€take€into€consideration€theÏcircumstances€of€the€offense€in€determining€the€method€manner€andÏdegree€that€the€private€trust€was€abused.€In€that€particular€situationÏor€this€situation€argument€the€State€does€have€some€merit€that€thisÏchild€in€effect€felt€trapped€in€the€situation€that€not€only€did€theÏdefendant€abuse€his€position€by€going€into€the€room€by€committingÏthe€offense€for€which€he€would€have€not€been€able€to€do€but€was€forÏa€period€of€time€able€to€cover€up€the€offense€by€not€allowing€theÏchild€to€communicate€with€or€parents€or€others€and€I€think€the€CourtÏcan€place€a€much€more€significant€and€greater€weight€upon€40„35„¼114€(15)€than€it€might€in€some€other€cases.Ð × ±!× ±! ÐÌÓ¿ËÓÌà ` àIn€conclusion,€we€find€the€evidence€in€this€record€fully€supports€the€trial€courtððsÏimposition€of€a€ten„year€sentence.€€The€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.ÌÌÓÓÌà ` àà × àà ™ àà h àà À àà  à________________________________________Ìà ` àà × àà ™ àà h àà À àà  àL.€T.€LAFFERTY,€SPECIAL€JUDGEÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ__________________________________ÌJOHN€H.€PEAY,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌ__________________________________ÌTHOMAS€T.€WOODALL,€JUDGE