ÿWPC( …UBV %˜U .žÌnXÜ 0 P4 4„ ˜ 0”  0D4 w@x 0J¸ 0T 0^V 0h´  0r" 0|” 0† 0– 1u& 0d› Bÿ D3U6OB)… 0@®DCî AM1(~`¦“K™±äá•%vŒ›v~'vÓ¥ AOx&ÆÇ& 0D' D/Ñ' B(<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiX%ä2¼A`ArialTT3|XK«<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiXXxþ6X@ÉJQX@%ä2¼A`ArialTTt10cpiXXXä2¼P±ŠQXP((­À$¡¡ÒD°ÒÒ¦°ÒÓ  ÓÔ¡¨ (D(3¾Á$¤¤Ý ƒ­À!ÝÒD°ÒÒ¦°ÒÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà œ àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó 9:;D<E=>U?U@DABÓ€2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔH2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d$$$$'ÿÿdxd< Œ 9p`(Courier New% Line 7 d("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò,,,,7Border 1dd€-.Cþÿ << Gÿÿ Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÝ  ÝÔ€ÔÔ€ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€XÔÌÌOctoberÏ30,Ï1997ÌÌCecilÏW.ÏCrowsonÌAppellateÏCourtÏClerkÔ  Ôó ó VÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€+ôÔÔ€ÔAs€a€condition€of€his€probation€on€this€charge,€Kelly€was€ordered€to€serve€twenty€days€onÏconsecutive€weekends€in€the€county€jail.Ì ‰Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€+ôÔÔ€ÔThe€defendants€Mr.€Lewis€and€Mrs.€Lewis€also€challenge€their€sentences.€€In€light€of€ourÏdisposition€of€their€convictions,€we€find€it€unnecessary€to€address€these€sentencing€issues.Ì AÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€+ôÔÔ€ÔThis€statute€has€since€been€rewritten,€effective€July€1,€1995.€€òòSeeóó€T.C.A.€ðð€39„16„603€(Supp.Ï1995).Ì §Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€+ôÔÔ€ÔOfficer€Medina€testified€that€he€had€to€obtain€a€warrant€prior€to€arresting€Kelly€ð ðfor€a€violation€ofÏthe€law€that€wasnððt€committed€in€my€presence€on€a€misdemeanor€type.ðð€òòSeeóó€T.C.A.€ðð€40„7„103.Ì ×Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€+ôÔÔ€ÔIf€the€Stateððs€position€is€correct,€where€would€that€leave€Kelly€Lewis€had€Officer€Medina€beenÏunsuccessful€in€his€quest€for€an€arrest€warrant?€€Would€he€be€required€to€remain€at€the€hospital€untilÏOfficer€Medina€had€gotten€around€to€notifying€him€that€he€was€now€free€to€go?€€Kelly€Lewis€was€eitherÏunder€arrest€or€he€was€not.€€If€he€was€not,€he€was€free€to€go€unless€Officer€Medina€was€in€the€process€ofÏattempting€to€arrest€him.€€Officer€Medina€had€not€reached€that€stage€at€the€time€Kelly€left€the€hospital.€Ì Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€+ôÔÔ€ÔThe€only€proof€as€to€how€fast€Kelly€was€driving€was€the€other€driverððs€testimony€that€he€hadÏlooked€in€his€rearview€mirror,€began€to€turn€and€ð ðthe€car€come€from€behind€me€going€very€fast,€probablyÏ60€something€miles€an€hour.ðð€€In€any€event,€the€speed€was€too€fast€to€allow€Kelly€to€stop€upon€finding€aÏcar€in€his€lane.Ì ‚Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€+ôÔÔ€ÔOfficer€Medina€testified€that€he€had€smelled€the€odor€of€marijuana€about€€Kellyððs€person€and€inÏthe€interior€of€the€car.€€Even€taking€this€testimony€at€face€value,€it€does€not€prove€that€Kelly€was€underÏthe€influence€of€marijuana€at€the€time€he€was€driving.€€For€one€thing,€someone€else€could€have€smoked€itÏin€his€car€in€his€presence.€€Even€if€Kelly€himself€had€smoked€it,€there€is€no€proof€in€the€record€as€to€whenÏhe€did€so.ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÒ  ion-F Geneva Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€+ÔÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÝ  ÝÑ ` ÑÑ X ÑÑ7€2OXXdÈdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓ  ÓÔ€ÔÙ€€ÙßR€/0.A1-j|` 81 `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌà àà àò òIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌà@ àAT€NASHVILLEÌÌÓ  Óà@ àJULY€1997€SESSIONÌÌÌÌó óÌò òSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà àà à)ó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àò ò)ó óà àò òC.C.A.€NO.€01C01„9608„CC„00378ó óÌà àà àAppellee,à àò ò€€€€€à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àWILLIAMSON€COUNTYó óÌVS.à àà àà àà àà àà àò ò)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àHON.€CORNELIA€A.€CLARK,ÌPATRICK€K.€LEWIS,€II,à àà àà à)à àJUDGEÌPATRICK€K.€LEWIS€andà àà àà à)ÌDONNA€LEWIS,à àà àà àà à)à àÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àó óAppellants.ò òà àà àà à)à àó ó(Evading€arrest,€possession€of€ò òÌó óà àà àà àà àà àà àà à€€marijuana,€reckless€endangerment)ÌÌÌòòFOR€THE€APPELLANT:óóà àà àà à€€€€€òòà àFOR€THE€APPELLEE:óóÌÌÌò òDAVID€L.€RAYBINó óà àà àà àà àà àò òJOHN€KNOX€WALKUPó óÌ2210€SunTrust€Centerà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€&€Reporterò òÌó ó424€Church€St.ò òÌó óNashville,€TN€€€37219à àò òà àà àà àLISA€A.€NAYLORó óÌ€€€€€€€(On€appeal)à àà àà àà àà àAsst.€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à450€James€RobertsonÏPkwy.à àò òVIRGINIA€LEE€STORYó óà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493Ì136€4th€Ave.€S.à àà àà àà àÌP.O.€Box€1608à àà àà àà àò òà àJOSEPH€D.€BAUGHó óÌFranklin,€TN€€€37065à àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌ€€€€€€€€œ€(At›€trial)Ìà àà àà àà àò òà àà àà àJEFF€BURKSó óÌò òWILLIAM€DON€YOUNG,€JR.ó óà àà àà àAsst.€District€Attorney€GeneralÌ227€Bridge€St.à àà àà àà àà àP.O.€Box€937ÌFranklin,€TN€€€37064à àà àà àà àFranklin,€TN€€€37065Ì€€€€€€€€œ€(At›€trial)à àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àÌOPINION€FILED:____________________ÌÌÌÌò òAFFIRMED€IN€PART;€REVERSED€ANDÌDISMISSED€IN€PART;€œAND›€REMANDED€ÌIN€PARTó óÌÌÌò òJOHN€H.€PEAY,ó óÌJudgeÌÇÑ  ÑÓ  Óà@ àò òòòO€P€I€N€I€O€NÌÌÌó óóóÌÓÓà àà àDefendant€Patrick€K.€Lewis,€II€(ð ðKellyðð)€was€indicted€for€driving€under€theÏinfluence,€possession€of€marijuana,€felony€reckless€endangerment,€and€evadingÏarrest.€€Defendant€Patrick€K.€Lewis€(ð ðMr.€Lewisðð),€Kellyððs€father,€was€indicted€forÏevading€arrest,€being€an€accessory€after€the€fact€in€the€evasion€of€an€arrest,€andÏtampering€with€evidence.€€Defendant€Donna€Lewis€(ð ðMrs.€Lewisðð),€Kellyððs€mother,Ïwas€indicted€for€aiding€in€an€evasion€of€arrest,€being€an€accessory€after€the€fact€in€theÏevasion€of€an€arrest,€and€two€counts€of€tampering€with€evidence.€€All€cases€wereÏconsolidated€for€trial.€€The€jury€convicted€Kelly€of€simple€(misdemeanor)€possessionÏof€marijuana,€felony€reckless€endangerment,€and€evading€arrest.€€It€convicted€Mr.Ïand€Mrs.€Lewis€of€evading€arrest€and€Mrs.€Lewis€of€one€count€of€tampering€withÏevidence.€€The€trial€court€subsequently€entered€a€judgment€of€acquittal€on€theÏtampering€with€evidence€conviction.€€ÌÌà àà àAfter€a€hearing,€Kelly€was€sentenced€on€the€felony€conviction€as€anÏespecially€mitigated€offender€to€nine€tenths€of€a€year€incarceration,€suspended,€andÍtwo€years€probation.× ƒ1 ××  ×€€On€the€misdemeanor€possession€charge,€he€was€sentenced€toÏsix€months€jail,€suspended,€and€eleven€months,€twenty„nine€days€probation.€€For€theÏmisdemeanor€evading€arrest€conviction,€he€received€six€monthsðð€jail,€suspended,Ïand€eleven€months,€twenty„nine€days€probation.€€Kelly€was€also€fined€$3,000€on€theÏfelony€reckless€endangerment€offense,€$2,000€on€the€possession€offense,€andÏ$2,000€on€the€evading€arrest€offense.€€All€sentences€were€run€concurrently.€€Mr.ÏLewis€was€sentenced€to€thirty€days€in€jail,€suspended,€and€eleven€months,€twenty„nine€days€probation€on€the€evading€arrest€charge€and€fined€$2,500.€€Mrs.€LewisððÏsentence€was€identical€to€her€husbandððs.ÌÌà àà àThe€defendants€now€join€in€this€appeal€as€of€right€challenging€theirÏconvictions€for€evading€arrest.€€Defendant€Kelly€also€challenges€his€conviction€forÏreckless€endangerment,€asserts€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€denying€his€request€forÏjudicial€diversion€on€his€possession€of€marijuana€charge,€complains€that€his€fine€onÏthe€possession€charge€was€excessive,€and€asserts€that€his€fines€should€be€runÍconcurrently€rather€than€consecutively.× ƒ2 ××  ×€€Upon€our€review€of€the€record,€we€reverseÏall€three€convictions€for€evading€arrest€and€dismiss€those€charges;€remand€thisÏmatter€for€further€proceedings€on€Kellyððs€request€for€judicial€diversion€on€theÏpossession€charge;€and€remand€for€reconsideration€the€fine€imposed€for€theÏpossession€offense.€€In€all€other€respects,€we€affirm€the€judgments€below.ÌÌà@ àò òFACTSó óÌà àà àOn€the€evening€of€March€4,€1994,€the€defendant€Kelly€met€his€friend,ÏJames€Walter€Inman,€for€dinner€at€approximately€8:30€p.m.,€according€to€Kelly.€ÏDuring€dinner,€he€drank€approximately€two€beers.€€He€left€the€restaurant€betweenÏ10:00€and€10:30€p.m.€€At€approximately€11:30€p.m.,€Kelly€was€driving€home€headedÏeast€on€state€highway€96.€€As€he€came€down€a€hill€and€around€a€blind€curve,€he€wasÏtemporarily€blinded€by€oncoming€headlights.€€According€to€his€testimony,€ð ðI€wasÏhaving€a€very€difficult€time€seeing.€€And€I€let€off€the€gas€to€slow€down€and€theÏ[oncoming]€car€passed€me.€€And€when€it€passed€me,€I€realized€that€I€was€up€on€theÏrear€end€of€another€vehicle€that€was€stopped€in€the€middle€of€the€road.ððÌÌà àà àThe€other€vehicle€belonged€to€Jason€Rauschenberger€who€hadÏstopped€to€make€a€left€turn€onto€Clovercroft€Road.€€Rauschenberger€had€stopped€inÏorder€to€allow€an€oncoming€car€to€pass.€€According€to€Rauschenberger,€as€he€beganÏhis€left€turn,€a€ð ð[c]ar€c[a]me€from€behind€me€like€they€were€going€to€pass€me€and€hitÏme€in€my€left€front€of€my€vehicle.€.€.€.€The€other€vehicle€went€off€into€the€ditch€and€itÏknocked€mine€down€the€road.ðð€€Rauschenberger€testified€that€the€car€that€hit€him€hadÏbeen€ð ðgoing€very€fast,€probably€60€something€miles€an€hour.ðð€€Kelly€testified€that,€asÏhe€realized€he€was€about€to€collide€with€the€turning€vehicle,€he€ð ðbasically€just€jerkedÏthe€wheel€to€try€to€keep€from€rearending€the€other€vehicle€and€go€around€the€vehicle.€ÏAnd€at€the€time€that€I€did€that,€the€best€I€can€remember€the€vehicle€turned€into€me,€intoÏmy€car.€€And€it€caused€me€to€veer€to€the€left€and€go€through€a€guardrail€and€down€intoÏthe€ditch.ðð€€Rauschenberger€suffered€a€strained€neck€muscle€from€the€collision€andÏKelly€suffered€cuts€to€his€hands.ÌÌà àà àFollowing€the€collision,€Kelly€was€taken€to€a€nearby€hospital.€ÏMeanwhile,€Officer€Fedincio€Medina€arrived€on€the€scene€of€the€accident.€€AfterÏspending€about€thirty€minutes€at€the€scene,€Officer€Medina€went€to€the€hospital€toÏspeak€with€Kelly.€€Officer€Medina€testified€that,€while€speaking€with€Kelly,€he€noticedÏð ðan€odor€of€alcohol€type€beverage€on€his€person€and€also€smelled€an€odor€ofÍmarijuana,€smell€of€marijuana€on€him.ðð€€He€testified€that€Kelly€had€told€him€he€œhadÏhad›€a€couple€of€drinks.€€He€further€testified€that€he€had€then€explained€that€he€wantedÏto€administer€a€field€sobriety€test€and€that€Kelly€had€not€cooperated€in€theÏadministration€of€that€test.€€Officer€Medina€testified€that€he€had€then€ð ðadvised€[Kelly]Ïthat€[he]€would€be€going€to€the€magistrateððs€office€to€attempt€to€swear€out€a€warrantÏagainst€him€for€DUI.ðð€€At€that€point,€Officer€Medina€left€the€hospital€and€returned€to€theÏscene€of€the€accident€ð ðto€get€the€license€of€[Kelly]€and€do€an€inventory€of€the€vehicle.ðð€ÏPrior€to€leaving€the€hospital,€he€testified,€he€had€told€the€nurses€ð ðthat€[he]€would€beÏreturning€back€with€warrants€to€attempt€to€get€a€blood€alcohol€drug€screen€on€[Kelly].ðð€€ÌÌà àà àAfter€he€had€returned€to€the€scene€of€the€accident,€Officer€MedinaÏtestified,€he€encountered€Kellyððs€father,€Mr.€Lewis.€€According€to€Officer€Medina,€Mr.ÏLewis€approached€him€as€he€was€conducting€his€inventory€search€of€the€vehicle€andÏasked€him€what€authority€he€had€to€be€searching€the€car.€€By€this€time,€Officer€MedinaÏhad€found€a€film€canister€in€the€car€that€contained€ð ðgreen€plant€material.ðð€€This€wasÏlater€determined€to€be€approximately€one„half€gram€of€marijuana.€€Officer€MedinaÏtestified€that€he€had€told€Mr.€Lewis€that€he€was€the€investigating€officer€and€that€heÏwas€going€to€go€to€the€magistrateððs€office€to€attempt€to€obtain€warrants€against€KellyÏfor€DUI€and€possession€of€a€controlled€substance,€and€that€ð ðas€soon€as€[he]€got€theÍwarrant€that€[he]€would€be€returning€back€to€the€hospital€to€place€[Kelly]€under€arrestÏfor€any€other€charges€that€stemmed€out€of€the€investigation.ðð€€He€also€testified€that,Ïafter€obtaining€the€warrants€for€Kellyððs€arrest,€he€had€called€the€hospital€and€toldÏSandra€Isenberger,€one€of€the€nurses€there,€to€ð ðtell€the€family€that€I€was€en€route€toÏthe€emergency€room€to€serve€the€warrants€on€Patrick€Kelly€Lewis.ðð€ÌÌà àà àMr.€Lewis€testified€that,€after€receiving€a€phone€call,€he€and€his€wife€hadÏgone€to€the€hospital.€€While€his€wife€remained€with€his€son,€he€went€to€the€accidentÏscene.€€He€denied€that€he€œhad€had›€any€conversation€with€Officer€Medina€there.€€HeÏtestified€that€he€had€remained€there€long€enough€to€see€what€was€being€done€withÏKellyððs€car€and€then€returned€to€the€hospital.€€He€further€testified€that€he€never€sawÏOfficer€Medina€at€the€hospital,€was€never€told€by€anyone€at€the€hospital€that€he€couldÏnot€leave,€and€was€never€told€by€anyone€that€his€son€was€under€arrest.ÌÌà àà àMrs.€Lewis€testified€that,€on€the€night€in€question,€she€never€understoodÏher€son€to€be€under€arrest€and€that€she€never€saw€or€spoke€with€Officer€Medina.€€SheÏtestified€that,€after€Kelly€had€been€treated,€ð ðhe€asked€the€doctor€if€they€were€through.€ÏAnd€the€doctor€said€yes€and€he€[Kelly]€asked€to€go€the€restroom.€€He€came€back€out,Ïmy€husband€and€I€were€standing€there€talking€to€the€doctor.€€Kelly€again€asked€ifÍthere€was€anything€else.€€And€the€doctor€said€no.ðð€€At€that€point,€according€to€Mrs.ÏLewis,€Kelly€left€to€go€wait€for€them€in€the€car.€€After€some€more€discussion€with€theÏdoctor,€she€testified,€she€had€suggested€that€her€husband€ð ðgo€on€out€and€check€onÏKelly.ðð€€Her€husband€then€left,€she€continued€to€speak€to€the€doctor,€and€then€she€leftÏand€joined€her€son€and€husband€in€the€car.€€They€then€left€the€hospital.€€Mrs.€LewisÏtestified€that€no€one€ever€told€her€she€could€not€leave€the€hospital€with€her€son.Ìà àà àÌà àà àKelly€testified€that€Officer€Medina€had€not€told€him€he€was€going€to€getÏwarrants€for€him,€did€not€tell€him€to€stay€at€the€hospital,€and€did€not€tell€him€he€wasÏgoing€to€be€back€later€to€talk€to€him.€€He€further€testified€that,€when€he€left€the€hospitalÏto€wait€in€the€car,€no€one€had€told€him€to€wait€there€for€Officer€Medina€or€that€OfficerÏMedina€was€on€his€way€back€to€talk€with€him.ÌÌà àà àSusan€Jenna€Scarbrough€was€the€charge€nurse€on€duty€on€the€night€inÏquestion€and€assisted€in€treating€Kelly.€€She€testified€that€Kelly€had€been€thereÏapproximately€an€hour€before€his€parents€arrived.€€She€testified€that€Officer€MedinaÏhad€spoken€to€her€technician,€Renee,€and€that€Renee€had€relayed€their€conversationÏto€her.€€She€testified€that,€based€on€what€Renee€had€told€her,€she€advised€herÏsupervisor,€Sandra€Isenberger,€that€ð ðTrooper€Medina€had€gone€to€get€some€warrantsÍor€something€and€he€was€on€his€way€back.ðð€€She€also€testified€that€she€told€Renee€ð ðtoÏinform€the€family€that€Trooper€Medina€needed€to€discuss€some€further€businessÏabout€the€wreck€with€themðð€and€that,€to€her€knowledge,€Renee€had€done€so.ÌÌà àà àSandra€Isenberger€testified€that€Officer€Medina€had€called€the€hospitalÏand€said€ð ðto€keep€[Kelly]€there€that€he€was€on€his€way€back,€he€needed€to€see€them.ðð€ÏShe€further€testified€that,€ð ðAt€one€point€in€time€I€told€[Kelly€and€his€parents]€thatÏTrooper€Medina€was€coming€back€and€wanted€to€talk€to€them.ðð€€Renee€did€not€testify.€ÏOfficer€Medina€admitted€that€he€had€not€placed€Kelly€under€arrest€at€the€hospital.€€HeÏtestified€outside€the€presence€of€the€jury€that€the€defendants€ð ðlater€turned€themselvesÏin€to€the€sheriffððs€office€in€Williamson€County.ðð€€ÌÌà@ àò òANALYSISó óÌà àà àIn€their€first€issue,€the€defendants€contend€that€the€evidence€was€notÏsufficient€to€convict€any€of€them€of€evading€arrest.€€We€agree.ÌÌà àà àWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€convictingÏevidence,€we€must€review€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€prosecutionÏin€determining€whether€ð ðòòanyóó€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essentialÍelements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.ðð€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.Ï307,€319,€99€S.Ct.€2781,€61€L.Ed.2d€560€(1979).€€We€do€not€reweigh€or€re„evaluateÏthe€evidence€and€are€required€to€afford€the€State€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€theÏproof€contained€in€the€record€as€well€as€all€reasonable€and€legitimate€infer‚encesÏwhich€may€be€drawn€therefrom.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.Ï1978).€ÌÌà àà àQuestions€concerning€the€credibility€of€witnesses,€the€weight€and€valueÏto€be€given€to€the€evidence,€as€well€as€factual€issues€raised€by€the€evidence€areÏresolved€by€the€trier€of€fact,€not€this€Court.€€òòCabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835.€€A€guiltyÏverdict€rendered€by€the€jury€and€approved€by€the€trial€judge€accredits€the€testimonyÏof€the€witnesses€for€the€State,€and€a€presumption€of€guilt€replaces€the€presumption€ofÏinnocence.€€òòState€v.€Graceóó,€493€S.W.2d€474,€476€(Tenn.€1973).ÌÌà àà àWhen€the€alleged€offenses€were€committed,€our€criminal€code€providedÏthat€it€was€ð ðunlawful€for€any€person€to€intentionally€flee€from€anyone€the€personÏknows€to€be€a€law€enforcement€officer€and€the€person:€(1)€Knows€the€officer€isÏattempting€to€arrest€the€person;€or€(2)€Has€been€arrested.ðð€€T.C.A.€ðð€39„16„603(a)Í(Repl.€1991).× ƒ3 ××  ×€€That€is,€a€person€could€evade€an€œarrest›€either€while€an€officer€wasÏattempting€to€effect€œit,›€or€after€he€or€she€had€actually€accomplished€it.€€In€this€case,Ïthere€is€no€dispute€that€Officer€Medina€had€not€yet€placed€Kelly€under€arrest€as€of€theÏtime€he€ð ðfled.ðð€€Accordingly,€we€need€concern€ourselves€only€with€determiningÏwhether€Kelly€intentionally€fled€from€Officer€Medina€while€knowing€that€OfficerÏMedina€was€attempting€to€arrest€him.ÌÌà àà àThe€facts€of€this€case€establish€that,€at€the€time€Kelly€left€the€hospital,ÏOfficer€Medina€was€òòon€his€wayóó€to€attempt€an€arrest.€€He€had€not€yet€begun€theÏattempt€when€the€Lewis€family€left€the€hospital.€€In€order€to€effectuate€the€arrest€underÏthe€circumstances€of€this€case,€Officer€Medina€had€to€do€two€things:€€first,€get€anÏarrest€warrant× ƒ4 ××  ×€and€second,€(attempt€to)€serve€that€warrant€and€place€Kelly€underÏarrest.€€As€of€the€time€Kelly€left€the€hospital,€Officer€Medina€had€accomplished€onlyÏthe€first€step.€€ÌÌà àà àThus,€taking€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€State,€Kelly€Ïand€his€father€knew€that€Officer€Medina€was€attempting€to€obtain€a€warrant€for€KellyððsÏarrest€at€the€time€they€left€the€hospital.€€Attempting€to€obtain€a€warrant€is€not€theÏequivalent€of€attempting€to€arrest€someone.€€Officer€Medina€had€not€yet€begun€hisÏattempt€to€arrest€Kelly€at€the€time€the€Lewis€family€left€the€hospital.€€€Indeed,€we€areÏperplexed€as€to€how€any€police€officer€could€attempt€to€arrest€someone€when€theÏofficer€is€not€in€some€physical€proximity€to€the€person€he€or€she€is€attempting€toÏarrest.€€Common€sense€dictates€that,€in€order€for€an€officer€to€arrest€someone,€he€orÏshe€must€be€in€a€position€to€take€physical€custody€of€that€someone€òòat€that€timeóó:€€not€atÏsome€undetermined€time€in€the€future.€€Thus,€the€concept€of€fleeing€from€an€officerÏnecessarily€involves€the€concept€of€fleeing€òòfrom€the€presenceóó€of€an€officer.€€The€StateÏwould€have€us€hold€that€a€police€officer€can€effectuate€an€attempted€arrest€by€tellingÏsomeone€to€ð ðsit€right€there€until€I€get€back€with€an€arrest€warrant.ðð€€We€decline€to€doÏso.× ƒ5 ××  ×€€The€convictions€against€Kelly€Lewis,€Patrick€Lewis,€and€Donna€Lewis€forÏevading€arrest€are€reversed€and€dismissed.ÌÌà àà àIn€light€of€our€holding€on€the€defendantsðð€first€issue,€we€find€itÏunnecessary€to€address€the€defendantsðð€issue€concerning€the€trial€courtððsÏsupplemental€instruction€to€the€jury€on€the€charges€of€evading€arrest,€and€the€issueÏconcerning€the€constitutionality€of€the€evading€arrest€statute.€€ÌÌà àà àDefendant€Kelly€Lewis€next€contends€that€the€evidence€was€insufficientÏto€support€his€conviction€for€felony€reckless€endangerment.€€Reckless€endangermentÏis€committed€when€a€person€ð ðrecklessly€engages€in€conduct€which€places€or€mayÏplace€another€person€in€imminent€danger€of€death€or€serious€bodily€injury.ðð€€T.C.A.€ððÏ39„13„103(a)€(Repl.€1991).€€Kelly€argues€that€the€Stateððs€proof€established€no€moreÏthan€that€he€had€acted€negligently€when€he€rounded€the€curve€and€was€unable€toÏstop€his€car€before€colliding€with€the€victimððs€vehicle.€€The€State€disagrees.ÌÌà àà àThe€conduct€in€which€Kelly€engaged€was€driving€at€a€high€rate€ofÍspeed× ƒ6 ××  ×€at€night€after€consuming€two€beers× ƒ7 ××  ×€into€a€curve€beyond€which€lay€anÏintersection€he€could€not€see.€€We€think€it€obvious€beyond€the€need€to€commentÏfurther€that€such€conduct€may€place€other€drivers€and/or€passengers€and/orÏpedestrians€ð ðin€imminent€danger€of€death€or€serious€bodily€injury.ðð€€We€need,€then,Ïdetermine€only€whether€Kelly€engaged€in€this€conduct€ð ðrecklessly.ðð€ÌÌà àà àA€person€drives€recklessly€when€he€ð ðis€aware€of€but€consciouslyÏdisregards€a€substantial€and€unjustifiable€risk€thatðð€his€driving€may€put€others€inÏimminent€danger€of€death€or€serious€injury.€€T.C.A.€ðððð€39„11„106(a)(31);€39„13„103.€Ïð ðThe€risk€must€be€of€such€a€nature€and€degree€that€its€disregard€constitutes€a€grossÏdeviation€from€the€standard€of€care€that€an€ordinary€person€would€exercise€under€allÏthe€circumstances€as€viewed€from€the€accused€personððs€standpoint.ðð€€T.C.A.€ðð€39„11„106(a)(31).ÌÌà àà àThe€risk€of€putting€others€in€imminent€danger€of€death€or€serious€bodilyÏinjury€is,€òòprimaóó€òòfacieóó,€ð ðof€such€a€nature€and€degree€that€its€disregard€constitutes€aÏgross€deviation€from€the€standard€of€care.ðð€€Moreover,€the€proof€indicates€that€KellyÏwas€driving€so€fast€and€under€such€circumstances€that,€when€he€finally€saw€Mr.ÏRauschenbergerððs€vehicle,€he€was€not€only€unable€to€stop,€but€even€after€collidingÏwith€the€truck,€went€careening€into€a€ditch€across€the€road.€€€This€manner€of€driving,Ïunder€all€the€circumstances,€even€as€viewed€from€Kellyððs€standpoint,€was€a€grossÏdeviation€from€the€standard€of€care€that€an€ordinary€person€would€exercise.€€ÌÌà àà àThus,€the€only€remaining€issue€is€whether€Kelly€was€aware€of€the€riskÏcreated€by€his€driving€but€consciously€disregarded€it.€€We€find€that€the€proof,€taken€inÏa€light€most€favorable€to€the€State,€supports€the€inference€that€Kelly€was€and€did.€€HisÏdescription€of€the€collision€at€trial€was€as€follows:ÌÓÓà àà8 àWell,€I€remember€coming€down€the€hill,€you€come€downÏthe€hill€and€go€around€a€turn.€€And€it€was€dark,€there€areÏnot€any€lights€around.€€And€as€I€came€around€the€turnÏthere€was€another€carððs€headlights€in€my€eyes.€€And€it€wasÏoncoming€and€I€was€having€a€very€difficult€time€seeing.€ÏAnd€I€let€off€the€gas€to€slow€down€and€the€other€car€passedÏme.€€And€when€it€passed€me,€I€realized€that€I€was€up€onÏthe€rear€end€of€another€vehicle€that€was€stopped€in€theÏmiddle€of€the€road.ÌÌà àà8 àAnd€I€basically€just€jerked€the€wheel€to€try€to€keep€fromÏrearending€the€other€vehicle€and€go€around€the€vehicle.€ÏAnd€at€the€time€that€I€did€that,€the€best€I€can€remember€theÏvehicle€turned€into€me,€into€my€car.€€And€it€caused€me€toÏveer€to€the€left€and€go€through€a€guardrail€and€down€intoÏthe€ditch.ÌÌÓÓKelly€admitted€that€he€œhad€had›€two€beers€prior€to€commencing€his€drive.€€Thus,€heÏwas€aware€that€he€had€consumed€alcohol€within€a€short€time€of€getting€behind€theÏwheel€of€his€car.€€As€he€approached€the€intersection€at€which€the€accident€occurred,Ïhe€knew€it€was€dark€and€that€he€was€coming€down€a€hill€and€approaching€a€turn.€ÏAlthough€he€œha›œd›€a€ð ðvery€difficult€time€seeingðð€because€of€another€carððs€headlights,Ïhis€response€is€merely€to€ð ðlet€off€the€gas.ðð€€While€this€response€was€certainly€too€little,Ïtoo€late,€it€does€indicate€that€Kelly€knew€he€was€driving€too€fast.€€Moreover,€€everyoneÏwho€drives€on€the€public€roadways€is€aware€that€there€is€the€ever„present€possibilityÏof€other€vehicles€in€front€of€you:€€whether€you€can€see€them€or€not.€€When€drivingÏdown€a€hill€and€around€a€curve,€blinded€by€oncoming€headlights,€it€is€particularlyÏimportant€to€slow€your€speed€so€as€to€be€able€to€stop€if€there€is€a€vehicle€ahead€ofÏyou€that€you€cannot€yet€see.€€Kelly€did€not€do€this.€€Even€after€taking€his€foot€off€theÏaccelerator,€he€is€still€doing€ð ð60€somethingðð€miles€an€hour€when€he€veers€around€Mr.ÏRaushenbergerððs€truck.€€€€ÌÌà àà àWe€are€sympathetic€to€the€defendantððs€plea€that€ð ð[e]very€automobileÏaccident€should€not€be€transformed€into€a€reckless€endangerment€prosecution.ðð€ÏHowever,€the€collision€which€occurred€in€this€case€is€not€typical€of€ð ðevery€automobileÏaccident.ðð€€Rather,€the€collision€in€this€case€is€typical€of€automobile€accidents€inÏwhich€one€or€more€of€the€drivers€is€driving€recklessly.€€It€is€certainly€negligent€to€driveÏat€such€a€speed€that€you€cannot€stop€in€time€to€avoid€hitting€a€car€in€your€laneÏattempting€to€make€a€legal€left€turn.€€It€is€far€more€than€negligent€„„€it€is€reckless€„„€toÏdo€so€at€night,€as€you€are€approaching€a€blind€curve,€and€after€you€have€had€aÏcouple€of€drinks.€€ÌÌà àà àIn€òòState€v.€Ramseyóó,€903€S.W.2d€709€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995),€this€CourtÏconsidered€a€defendant€who€had€been€speeding€and,€as€his€car€entered€a€right€turn,Ïdrifted€into€the€oncoming€lane,€hitting€a€pick„up€truck.€€The€collision€killed€theÏpassenger€in€the€defendantððs€car.€€There€was€no€evidence€that€the€defendant€hadÏbeen€under€the€influence€of€any€alcohol€or€drugs.€€Based€on€the€high€rate€of€speedÏand€the€curvy,€hilly€conditions€of€the€road,€this€Court€found€that€the€defendant€hadÏoperated€his€vehicle€in€a€reckless€manner€so€as€to€be€guilty€of€recklessÏendangerment.€€Similarly,€in€òòState€v.€Clifford€Bidwellóó,€No.€03C01„9308„CR„00287,ÏBradley€County€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€filed€Aug.€30,€1994,€at€Knoxville),€this€CourtÍaffirmed€a€conviction€of€reckless€endangerment€where€the€defendant,€with€a€policeÏofficer€in€pursuit,€ð ðdrove€his€automobile€at€a€high€rate€of€speed€in€a€congested€areaÏthrough€several€stop€signs€and€through€a€police€roadblock.ðð€€Although€no€one€wasÏhurt€as€a€result€of€the€defendantððs€actions,€this€Court€found€that€the€evidence€wasÏð ðoverwhelming.ððÌÌà àà àThis€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€Kelly€next€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€because€itÏdid€not€instruct€the€jury€on€the€lesser€offense€of€misdemeanor€recklessÏendangerment.€€We€first€note€that€trial€judges€must€instruct€the€jury€on€all€lesserÏoffenses€where€there€is€any€evidence€to€support€them,€òòState€v.€Wrightóó,€618€S.W.2dÏ310,€315€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1981),€but€ð ðwhere€the€record€clearly€shows€that€theÏdefendant€was€guilty€of€the€greater€offense€and€is€devoid€of€any€evidence€permittingÏan€inference€of€guilt€of€the€lesser€offense,€it€is€not€error€to€fail€to€charge€on€a€lesserÏoffense.ðð€€òòState€v.€Boydóó,€797€S.W.2d€589,€593€(Tenn.€1990).€€€€€€€ÌÌà àà àReckless€endangerment€is€a€Class€A€misdemeanor€unless€it€isÏcommitted€with€a€deadly€weapon,€whereupon€it€is€a€Class€E€felony.€€T.C.A.€ðð€39„13„103(b).€€€There€is€no€evidence€whatsoever€that€Kelly€committed€recklessÏendangerment€other€than€by€driving€his€car€in€a€reckless€manner.€€A€deadly€weaponÏis€defined€as€ð ð[a]nything€that€òòin€the€manner€of€its€useóó€or€intended€use€òòis€capableóó€ofÏcausing€death€or€serious€bodily€injury.ðð€€T.C.A.€ðð39„11„106(a)(5)(B)€(emphasisÏadded).€€As€we€have€previously€discussed,€the€proof€established€that€Kelly€drove€hisÏautomobile€in€a€manner€which€was€quite€capable€of€causing€death€or€serious€bodilyÏinjury.€€Indeed,€with€respect€to€the€proof€about€how€the€wreck€occurred,€there€is€noÏproof€in€the€record€that€he€drove€his€car€in€any€òòotheróó€manner.€€Therefore,€it€isÏimmaterial€that€we€have€previously€recognized€that€automobiles€are€not,€under€allÏcircumstances,€deadly€weapons.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Scott€W.€Longóó,€No.€03C01„9301„CR„00032,€Greene€County€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€filed€Aug.€19,€1993,€at€Knoxville).€€UnderÏthe€circumstances€of€this€case,€the€defendant€Kellyððs€method€of€driving€his€carÏrendered€it€a€deadly€weapon.€€There€being€no€proof€in€the€record€that€KellyÏcommitted€the€offense€of€reckless€endangerment€in€any€other€way,€no€instruction€onÏmisdemeanor€reckless€endangerment€was€required.€€Only€when€there€is€someÏevidence€upon€which€reasonable€minds€could€convict€the€defendant€of€a€particularÏlesser€offense€is€the€court€required€to€instruct€regarding€that€offense.€€òòJohnson€v.ÏStateóó,€531€S.W.2d€558,€559€(Tenn.€1975).€€This€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€Kellyððs€next€three€issues€challenge€the€propriety€of€hisÏsentences.€€We€will€first€address€his€contention€that€the€trial€court€abused€itsÏdiscretion€in€failing€to€sentence€him€to€judicial€diversion€for€the€misdemeanor€offenseÏof€possession€of€marijuana.€€Because€Kelly€has€not€been€previously€convicted€of€aÏfelony€and€because€this€offense€is€a€Class€A€misdemeanor,€he€is€eligible€for€judicialÏdiversion€on€this€offense.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„313(a)(1).€€His€concurrent€conviction€forÏfelony€reckless€endangerment€does€not€prohibit€the€granting€of€judicial€diversion.€ÏòòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Eric€Lemart€Harrisóó,€No.€03C01„9511„CC„00363,€Washington€CountyÏ(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€filed€Dec.€30,€1996,€at€Knoxville).ÌÌà àà àThis€Court€has€previously€held€that€ÌÓÓà àà8 àjudicial€diversion€is€similar€in€purpose€to€pretrial€diversionÏand€is€to€be€imposed€within€the€discretion€of€the€trial€courtÏsubject€only€to€the€same€constraints€applicable€toÏprosecutors€in€applying€pretrial€diversion€under€T.C.A.€ððÏ40„15„105.€€Therefore,€upon€review,€if€ððany€substantialÏevidence€to€support€the€refusalðð€exists€in€the€record,€weÏwill€give€the€trial€court€the€benefit€of€its€discretion.€€Only€anÏabuse€of€that€discretion€will€allow€us€to€overturn€the€trialÏcourt.ÌÌÓÓòòState€v.€Andersonóó,€857€S.W.2d€571,€572€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992)€(citation€omitted).€ÏAnd,€in€making€its€determination€of€whether€to€grant€judicial€diversion,€the€trial€courtÏmust€consider€all€of€the€following€factors:ÌÓÓà àà8 à(a)€the€accusedððs€amenability€to€correction,€(b)€theÏcircumstances€of€the€offense,€(c)€the€accusedððs€criminalÏrecord,€(d)€the€accusedððs€social€history,€(e)€the€status€ofÏthe€accusedððs€physical€and€mental€health,€and€(f)€theÏdeterrence€value€to€the€accused€as€well€as€others.€€TheÏtrial€court€should€also€consider€whether€judicial€diversionÏwill€serve€the€ends€of€justice€„„€the€interests€of€the€publicÏas€well€as€the€accused.ÌÌÓÓœòòState›€v.€Bonestelóó,€871€S.W.2d€163,€168€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993)€(citation€omitted).€ÏAdditional€factors€to€be€considered€are€Kellyððs€attitude,€his€behavior€since€arrest,€hisÏhome€environment,€current€drug€usage,€emotional€stability,€past€employment,Ïgeneral€reputation,€family€responsibilities,€and€the€attitude€of€law€enforcement.€€òòSeeóóÏòòState€v.€Washingtonóó,€866€S.W.2d€950,€951€(Tenn.€1993).€€€€€€€€€€€ÌÌà àà àIn€this€case,€the€trial€court€first€denied€judicial€diversion€to€Mr.€and€Mrs.ÏLewis€on€their€convictions€for€evading€arrest.€€In€doing€so,€the€court€cited€as€reasonsÏthat€(a)€the€defendants€had€not€taken€full€responsibility€for€committing€the€offenses;Ï(b)€the€nature€of€the€crimes€(ð ðIt€is€the€kind€of€offense€when€one€attempts€to€interfere€orÏto€evade€an€officer€attempting€to€do€their€duties€for€which€persons€must€be€heldÏaccountableðð);€and€(c)€judicial€diversion€would€not€serve€the€publicððs€interest€andÏwould€depreciate€the€seriousness€of€the€offenses.€€The€trial€court€further€stated€that€itÏconsidered€judicial€diversion€to€be€ð ðreserved€for€those€who€fully€understand€andÍaccept€the€nature€of€the€facts€[sic]€that€they€have€committed.ðð€€In€then€turning€toÏKellyððs€request€for€judicial€diversion,€the€court€stated,€ð ðI€do€not€find€itððs€appropriate€inÏ[Kellyððs]€case€to€grant€diversion€.€.€.€for€many€of€the€reasons€I€have€just€recited€and€inÏaddition,€[Kelly]€was€the€primar[y]€actor€in€this€case.ðð€€The€court€went€on€to€state,€ð ðIÏthink€thereððs€a€great€deal€more€responsibility€that€has€to€be€accepted€in€this€case.€.€.€.ÏThese€are€serious€[charges],€they€must€not€be€depreciated€and€society€must€beÏprotected[.]ððÌÌà àà àIn€this€case,€the€court€below€made€no€specific€findings€as€to€KellyððsÏamenability€to€correction.€€As€to€the€circumstances€of€the€offenses,€the€court€notedÏonly€that€Kelly€was€the€ð ðprimar[y]€actor€in€this€case.ðð€€This€observation€was€relevantÏonly€with€respect€to€the€evading€arrest€convictions,€however.€€There€were€no€otherÏð ðactorsðð€in€the€possession€and€endangerment€crimes.€€It€was€undisputed€that€KellyÏhad€no€criminal€record.€€As€to€his€social€history,€the€court€found€that€he€had€a€ð ðstableÏprior€home€life,€full€work€history,€participation€in€civic€activities,€and€other€productiveÏparticipation€in€the€system.ðð€€In€the€presentence€report,€Kellyððs€descriptions€of€hisÏphysical€and€mental€health€were€ð ðexcellentðð€and€ð ðgood,ðð€respectively.€€Although€heÏhad€admitted€at€trial€to€having€twice€tried€marijuana€in€college€(Kelly€was€twenty„nineÏyears€old€at€sentencing),€he€denied€current€use€of€it€as€well€as€any€other€illegal€drugÍand€reported€no€substance€abuse€problem€involving€alcohol.€€The€court€made€noÏspecific€findings€with€respect€to€the€deterrence€value€of€denying€judicial€diversion€onÏthis€charge.€€As€to€whether€diversion€would€serve€the€ends€of€justice,€the€court€statedÏonly€that€the€charges€were€serious,€must€not€be€depreciated,€and€society€must€beÏprotected.ÌÌà àà àBecause€the€trial€court€failed€to€consider€all€of€the€factors€appropriate€toÏthe€grant€or€denial€of€judicial€diversion,€and€because€its€statement€of€the€reasons€forÏdenial€is€vague€and€conclusory,€we€find€the€record€inadequate€to€allow€appropriateÏappellate€review.€€Accordingly,€we€remand€this€matter€for€further€proceedings€inÏorder€for€the€court€below€to€reconsider€Kellyððs€request€for€judicial€diversion€on€theÏsimple€possession€offense.€€We€further€point€out€that€the€amount€of€marijuana€foundÏin€Kellyððs€car€was€minute.€€Therefore,€the€ð ðseriousnessðð€of€this€particular€charge€isÏquestionable.€€As€for€Kellyððs€refusal€to€accept€responsibility€for€this€particular€offense,Ïwe€agree€with€the€defendant€that€his€continued€denial€of€guilt€should€not,€in€and€ofÏitself,€preclude€judicial€diversion.€€ð ðAn€admission€of€guilt€is€not€a€valid€prerequisite€toÏthe€granting€of€.€.€.€diversion.ðð€€òòState€v.€Trevis€Maynardóó,€No.€01C01„9303„CC„00086,ÏRutherford€County€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€filed€Feb.€24,€1994,€at€Nashville).€€Kelly€deniedÏthat€the€marijuana€was€his€at€his€trial:€€that€the€jury€found€him€guilty€does€not,€òòipsoóóÍòòfactoóó,€prove€that€he€was€lying€and€does€not,€òòipsoóó€òòfactoóó,€prove€that€he€is€not€amenableÏto€correction.€€€Ìà àÌà àà àKelly€also€complains€that€the€fine€imposed€for€the€simple€possessionÏcharge€is€excessive.€€The€maximum€fine€for€the€marijuana€charge€is€$2,500,€T.C.A.€œÌðð›€40„35„111(e)(1),€and€the€defendant€was€fined€$2,000.€€This€was€the€fine€assessedÏby€the€jury€and€then€imposed€without€further€comment€by€the€trial€court.ÌÌà àà àIn€imposing€defendant€Kellyððs€sentences,€the€trial€court€found€multipleÏmitigating€factors€and€no€enhancement€factors.€€Fines,€like€the€length€and€mannerÏand€service,€are€to€be€ð ðbased€upon€the€factors€provided€by€the€1989€Sentencing€Act,Ïwhich€include€ððthe€defendantððs€ability€to€pay€that€fine,€and€other€factors€of€judgmentÏinvolved€in€setting€the€total€sentence.ðð€ðð€€òòState€v.€Marshallóó,€870€S.W.2d€532,€542Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€€It€appears€to€us€that€Kellyððs€fine€should€reflect€the€sameÏminimalist€approach€that€the€other€portions€of€his€sentences€do.€€Accordingly,€weÏremand€the€issue€of€Kellyððs€fine€for€the€simple€possession€charge€for€reconsiderationÏby€the€trial€court€in€light€of€all€appropriate€sentencing€factors.ÌÌà àà àFinally,€defendant€Kelly€contests€the€ð ðconsecutiveðð€nature€of€his€fines.€ÍIn€addition€to€the€$2,000€fine€for€the€marijuana€charge,€Kelly€was€fined€the€maximumÏof€$3,000€for€the€reckless€endangerment€offense.€€Although€his€sentences€were€runÏconcurrently,€the€sentencing€court€denied€his€post„trial€motion€that€the€fines€be€runÏconcurrently.€€Kelly€argues€that€the€trial€courtððs€decision€was€error€and€urges€thisÏCourt€to€reconsider€its€decision€on€this€issue€in€òòState€v.€Woodcockóó,€922€S.W.2d€904Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€ÌÌà àà àIn€òòWoodcockóó,€this€Court€considered€a€defendant€who€had€beenÏconvicted€of€and€sentenced€for€multiple€offenses.€€The€trial€court€ordered€theÏsentences€to€run€concurrently.€€The€issue€on€appeal€was€whether€the€fines€imposedÏin€conjunction€with€the€sentences€also€ran€concurrently.€€We€held€that€ð ðthe€trialÏcourtððs€imposition€of€concurrent€ððsentencesðð€under€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„115€refers€only€toÏthe€defendantððs€terms€of€imprisonment€and€does€not€imply€that€fines€are€to€be€paidÏconcurrently,€or€non„cumulatively,€as€well.€.€.€.€[U]nder€our€interpretation€of€theÏlanguage€of€T.C.A.€œÌðð›€40„35„115,€any€reference€to€concurrent€òòsentencesóó€alone€does€not€includeÏconcurrent€fines€by€implication.ðð€€òòWoodcockóó,€922€S.W.2d€at€918€(emphasis€inÏoriginal).€€We€continue€to€abide€by€our€holding€in€that€case.€€The€court€belowÏdeclined€to€run€the€fines€concurrently€and€did€not€err€by€so€doing.€€This€issue€isÍwithout€merit.ÌÌà àà àIn€summary,€we€reverse€and€dismiss€the€convictions€for€evading€arrestÏentered€against€Donna€Lewis,€Patrick€K.€Lewis,€and€Patrick€Kelly€Lewis€II.€€WeÏremand€for€further€proceedings€in€accordance€with€this€opinion€consideration€ofÏPatrick€Kelly€Lewis€IIððs€request€for€judicial€diversion€on€his€conviction€for€simpleÏpossession€of€marijuana.€€We€further€set€aside€the€lower€courtððs€fine€of€$2,000Ïagainst€Patrick€Kelly€Lewis€II€on€the€possession€charge€and€remand€for€furtherÏproceedings€on€the€amount€of€the€fine€in€accordance€with€this€opinion.€€In€all€otherÏrespects,€the€judgments€below€are€affirmed.ÌÓÓÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à______________________________Ì€€à àà àà àà àà àà àà àJOHN€H.€PEAY,€JudgeÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ______________________________ÌWILLIAM€M.€BARKER,€JudgeÌÌÌÌ______________________________ÌJERRY€L.€SMITH,€JudgeÔ% € Ô