ÿWPCP EYÖn_ôARGœ E¼Q1=»‡T˜ƒ§=äc.ñ§´;cËÑÃ~0½) ì3a;/ï…V’3B•™@ÉÆ–ªø Í©/¢?¥­»ñ’vSXÎ^ä¯ûH So™|)/:îkÐk=V(´Á6R”= J²U}¹k)¤à¼_0†ŸJ¿4>Òrؽœ =xÚ,]Ìœ! }ª„»9/(;Æëu}¢Å‚Š9Íþ$t }qâ*Þ|(b©ÿjz.}žóþp6ZüÅSó”É,’FJªN«4ÈW[”<Œg¦Úý¦Sù»ÅÖöƒg½OV=Bÿà‘Ù(ïûʦ¢‘÷1i5n予qfo—˜_|o<ÃÛŽCP²‘Яç™O¤Å±Ñ½F<§ÁÖщ¤Xý](Ø÷¦¿  zTÍ®.b>W3VŸ Ò»‹Dþá€À7—ÈxÄ]DÓ0$‰IjhôÈÔJ\¼à€–Ÿõàˆ§(6>¡ &álP¥ày£êé¯wþ”=é”sãågkÆxErjZ³vs·¼}ðî."wT©(Ú’ì+±ábj¿Ùo÷+©ã.»  »‡¤ŠÊK>üSq/¡n$ð“~%gÀ×8±vÝ#‚Ö¨\vÈÕö§È…# F UNQ %Ÿ 0(¥ U :Í U : w@A 4 • • 0§¤ 0DK U: É bÑ Ñ b3U:•êÏU:¹êóU:ÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝ B D3444 0Dgggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg AO«Æúú 0DÀ D/ B3˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLhÎ(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡, øð AZ"Arial Regular,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular TUUVDWUXUYeZL[D\Ó€fuM%pBN3|xh(W(2l•$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€ XÄ-XXXÔà Œ àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó, øð AZ"Arial Regular XÝ ƒ l•$ÝÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€ XÄ-XXXÔà Œ àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€ ôk£ôX XÄ-ÔIt€is€the€policy€of€this€court€to€withhold€the€identity€of€children€involved€in€sexual€abuse.€€òòStateÐ `  Ðv.€Schimpfóó,€782€S.W.2d€186,€188€n.1€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1989). XÝ ƒ xµ$ÝÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€X¢ÒXXXÔà Œ àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€ô]õôX X¢ÒÔIt€is€the€policy€of€this€court€to€withhold€the€identity€of€children€involved€in€sexual€abuse.€€òòStateÐ `  Ðv.€Schimpfóó,€782€S.W.2d€186,€188€n.1€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1989)., øð AZ"Arial Regular àÔ€X®ÐXXXÔÔ€ÌXX®ÐÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€X®ÐXÌÔÐ  ÐÌSeptember€16,€1998ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAMÔó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular àÔ€X®ÐXXXÔÔ€ÌXX®ÐÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€X®ÐXÌÔÐ  ÐÌSeptember€15,€1998ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAMÔó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular d""""'ÿÿdxd(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝñYñ›ñYññYñ›ñYñÔ€XÄ-XXXÔÑ` °ÑÑܰÑÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑòòÔ‡X®ÐXXXÄ-ÔÑ7€Ä-XdðdÈ7ÑÑ  Ññ\ñœñ\ññfññ\ñßr€*<,(j 8` `€€@E f ` 8ttxPX` ð  rßñ\ññfññfñßr€*<,(j 8` `€€@E f ` 8ttxPX` ð  rßñfññ\ñ›ñ\ñà@g g ÚàIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÌÌÓ  ÓAT€NASHVILLEóóÐ , Ì ÐÓœÓÌà@,,(ÚàMAY€1998€SESSIONˆÌÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à ” àà ì àà D à*€à œ àNo.€01C01„9707„CC„00261Ð 0 Ðà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àÌà Œ àà ä àAppellee,à ” àà ì àà D à*à œ àRutherford€CountyÐ \ü  Ðà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D à€Ìvs.à Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D à*à œ àHon.€James€K.€Clayton,€Jr.,€JudgeÐ (È  ÐÌMARK€LOGAN,à < àà ” àà ì àà D à*à œ à(Sentencing)Ð ô”  ÐÌà Œ àà ä àAppellant.à ” àà ì àà D à*Ð À` ÐÌÌÌÌÌòòFor€Appellantóó:à < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àòòFor€Appelleeóó:Ð $Ä ÐÌStephen€W.€Pateà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àJohn€Knox€WalkupÐ ð ÐAttorney€à ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÐ Öv Ð218€West€Main€Street€Ô#†XÄ-XXX®Ðß#ÔÔ‡X®ÐXXXÄ-ÔÐ ¼ \ ÐMurfreesboro,€TN€€37130à ” àà ì àà D àà œ àLisa€A.€Naylor€Ô#†XÄ-XXX®Ð|#ÔÔ‡X®ÐXXXÄ-ÔÐ ¢!B Ðà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÔ#†XÄ-XXX®Ð) #ÔÔ‡X®ÐXXXÄ-ÔÐ ˆ"( Ðà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ à425€Fifth€Avenue€NorthÔ#†XÄ-XXX®Ðî #ÔÔ‡X®ÐXXXÄ-ÔÐ n# Ðà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àCordell€Hull€Building,€Second€FloorÔ#†XÄ-XXX®Ð¯ #ÔÔ‡X®ÐXXXÄ-ÔÐ T$ô Ðà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493Ô#†XÄ-XXX®Ð} #ÔÔ‡X®ÐXXXÄ-ÔÐ :%Ú Ðà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àWilliam€C.€WhitesellÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àThird€Floor€Judicial€BuildingÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àMurfreesboro,€TN€€37130ÌÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àJohn€W.€Price€Ìà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÔ#†XÄ-XXX®ÐA #ÔÔ‡X®ÐXXXÄ-ÔÐ j, #' Ðà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àRutherford€County€Judicial€BuildingÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àMurfreesboro,€TN€€37130Ìà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:___________________________ÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌGARY€R.€WADE,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÐ  Ê:j17× ÐÔ#†XÄ-XXX®ÐÓ#ÔÓÓà@33-ÚàòòOPINIONóóˆÐ `  Ðà Œ àà ä àThe€defendant,€Mark€Logan,€entered€pleas€of€guilt€to€attemptedÏaggravated€sexual€battery.€€The€trial€court€imposed€a€Range€I€sentence€of€threeÏyears.€€In€this€appeal€of€right,€the€defendant€claims€the€trial€court€committed€error€byÏfailing€to€grant€probation.€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àWe€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌà Œ àà ä àAlthough€the€record€does€not€include€a€transcript€of€the€submissionÏhearing,€the€underlying€facts€of€the€crime€are€apparent€from€the€statement€of€theÏdefendant.€€Pertinent€portions€provide€as€follows:ÌÓÓà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#à[The€defendant]€stated€that€he€was€lying€on€the€sleeperÏsofa€between€[seven„year„old€HM,€ñYñœñYña€ñYñ›ñYññYññYñchild€of€a€neighbor]ñTñ׃×ñTññTñ׃×ñTñÝ ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð ð Ðand€his€daughter€....€[He]€stated€that€he€started€ticklingÏ[HM]€and€touched€her€on€her€bottom.€€[He]€stated€heÏstarting€rubbing€on€her€breast€and€then€he€ñYñœñYñstuckñYñ›ñYññYññYñ€his€handÏdown€into€her€panties€and€starting€rubbing€her€vagina.€Ï[The€defendant]€stated€he€didn't€penetrate€into€theÏvagina.€€[He]€stated€that€he€kissed€her€on€the€cheek€andÏstarting€blowing€on€her€abdomen€and€he€pulled€herÏpanties€midway€down,€and€blew€on€her€bikini€line.€...Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌÓ ÓÌà Œ àà ä àIndicted€for€aggravated€sexual€battery,€a€Class€B€felony,€the€defendantÏpled€to€a€reduced€charge€as€part€of€a€plea€bargain€agreement.€€An€attempt€toÏcommit€aggravated€sexual€battery€is€a€Class€C€felony,€which€has€a€sentencing€rangeÏof€three€to€six€years€for€a€Range€I€offender.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„12„107(a).€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àThe€defendant,€twenty„nine€years€of€age,€has€been€married€for€nearlyÏten€years€and€has€three€young€children.€€Although€he€did€not€complete€high€school,Ð p5,/ Ðhe€attended€Knoxville€Area€Vocational€School€and€earned€a€certificate€in€gasolineÐ f5,1 Ðengine€repair€in€1989.€€The€defendant€works€for€Spaulding€Composites€Company€asÏa€full„time€maintenance€helper,€a€position€he€has€held€since€August€of€1996.€€HeÏgives€his€entire€paycheck€to€his€wife.€€He€has€good€physical€health,€drinks€onlyÏmoderately,€and,€although€he€admitted€to€experimental€use€of€marijuana€in€the€past,Ïhe€denied€any€present€use€of€illegal€drugs.€€Since€September€of€1996,€he€hasÏattended€counseling€sessions€at€the€Rutherford€County€Guidance€Center€where€aÏpsychological€evaluation€of€the€defendant€was€performed.€€He€has€no€prior€criminalÏrecord.€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àAt€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€defendant€testified€that€a€Safety€OrderÏfrom€the€Department€of€Human€Services€required€him€to€reside€with€his€parents€untilÏhis€counselors€approved€his€return€to€his€family€home.€€In€the€interim,€he€visits€withÏhis€children€in€the€presence€of€his€wife€and€a€social€worker€on€a€weekly€basis.€€HeÏmaintained€that€he€had€never€abused€either€of€his€two€daughters€and€had€neverÏabused€any€other€child€prior€to€committing€this€offense.€€He€maintained€that€this€wasÏan€isolated€incident.€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àThe€defendant€attends€group€counseling€once€per€week€and€testifiedÏthat€he€has€benefited€as€a€result€of€his€treatment.€€He€expressed€a€desire€toÏparticipate€in€the€sexual€offender€rehabilitation€program€so€he€could€learn€moreÏabout€his€problem€and€prevent€any€future€incidents.€€He€apologized€to€the€victim€andÏher€mother€and€recognized€that€he€had€caused€them€pain€and€embarrassment.€ñYñœñYññUñÌñUññYñ›ñYññYññYññYñœñYññUñÌñUññVñ›Ì›Ð  ´2T). ÐñVññYñ›ñYññYññYñà Œ àà ä àWhen€asked€whether€he€had€inappropriate€impulses€toward€youngÏgirls,€including€his€daughter,€he€informed€the€trial€court€that€he€did€not.€€On€furtherÏquestioning€by€the€state,€however,€he€admitted€that€he€had€occasionally€struggledÏwith€such€thoughts.€€The€psychological€evaluation€concluded€as€follows:Ð 8¸.4 ÐÓÓà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#àThe€[defendant]€denies€any€other€episodes€of€sexualÏperpetration€but€admits€he€had€"struggled"€with€the€desireÏto€perform€sexual€activity€with€a€minor€since€his€daughterÏwas€approximately€one€year€old.€€He€stated€that€hisÏdaughter€had€typically€been€the€focus€of€such€thoughtsÏprior€to€this€incident,€though€he€had€always€successfullyÏresisted€acting€on€this€impulse.Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌÓ]!ÓThe€evaluation€also€indicated€that€the€defendant€may€suffer€from€a€learningÏdisability.€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àMichael€L.€Logan,€father€of€the€defendant,€described€his€son€as€veryÏquiet,€reserved,€and€insecure.€€He€testified€that€he€had€noticed€improvement€inÏthese€areas€since€the€defendant€had€obtained€counseling.€€Mr.€Logan€stated€that€heÏhad€observed€the€defendant€with€his€daughters€on€numerous€occasions€and€neverÏnoticed€any€abnormal€behavior.€€While€expressing€"a€very€small€reservation"€aboutÏthe€defendant€returning€to€live€with€his€daughters,€he€informed€the€court€that€theÏdefendant€could€live€with€him€indefinitely.€€Incarceration,€he€explained,€would€be€aÏ"catastrophe€because€[the€defendant]€is€the€sole€breadwinner.€...€There€would€be€noÏother€income."€€Mr.€Logan€offered€to€help€make€sure€the€defendant€complied€withÏconditions€of€probation,€if€granted.€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àMattie€E.€Logan,€wife€of€the€defendant,€testified€that€she€was€unawareÏof€the€defendant's€problem€and€had€not€witnessed€any€inappropriate€behavior€on€hisÏpart.€€Although€she€and€her€daughters€are€aware€of€the€incident,€they€do€not€feelÏthreatened€and€want€the€defendant€to€come€home.€€She€stated€that€if€the€defendantÏwere€incarcerated,€she€would€have€no€means€of€support€and€would€lose€her€home.€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àCatina€Lawrence,€mother€of€the€victim,€testified€that€MH€hasÏexperienced€nightmares€and€is€fearful€of€playing€outdoors.€€Ms.€LawrenceÏacknowledged€that,€although€the€defendant€did€not€physically€injure€MH,€€she€wasÐ 8¸.4 Ðemotionally€and€mentally€scarred€as€a€result€of€his€actions.€€Ms.€LawrenceÏrequested€that€the€court€deny€probation.ÌÌÔ‡X¢ÒXXX¢ÒÔà Œ àà ä àWhen€there€is€a€challenge€to€the€length,€range,€or€manner€of€service€ofÐ Äd Ða€sentence,€it€is€the€duty€of€this€court€to€conduct€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€with€aÐ 0 Ðpresumption€that€the€determinations€made€by€the€trial€court€are€correct.€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€This€presumption€is€"conditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showingÏin€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevantÏfacts€and€circumstances."€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).€€TheÐ À` ÐSentencing€Commission€Comments€provide€that€the€burden€is€on€the€defendant€toÏshow€the€impropriety€of€the€sentence.€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àOur€review€requires€an€analysis€of€(1)€the€evidence,€if€any,€received€atÏthe€trial€and€sentencing€hearing;€(2)€the€presentence€report;€(3)€the€principles€ofÏsentencing€and€the€arguments€of€counsel€relative€to€sentencing€alternatives;€(4)€theÏnature€and€characteristics€of€the€offense;€(5)€any€mitigating€or€enhancing€factors;€(6)Ïany€statements€made€by€the€defendant€in€his€own€behalf;€and€(7)€the€defendant'sÏpotential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€40„35„102,€„103,€and€„¼210;€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€735€S.W.2d€859,€863€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).Ð ¸)X $ ÐÌà Œ àà ä àAmong€the€factors€applicable€to€the€defendant's€application€forÏprobation€are€the€circumstances€of€the€offense,€the€defendant's€criminal€record,Ïsocial€history,€and€present€condition,€and€the€deterrent€effect€upon€and€best€interestÏof€the€defendant€and€the€public.€€òòState€v.€Grearóó,€568€S.W.2d€285,€286€(Tenn.€1978).€Ð ´2T). ÐÌà Œ àà ä àEspecially€mitigated€or€standard€offenders€convicted€of€Class€C,€D,€orÏE€felonies€are€presumed€to€be€favorable€candidates€"for€alternative€sentencingÐ 8¸.4 Ðoptions€in€the€absence€of€evidence€to€the€contrary."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„¼102(6).€€With€certain€statutory€exceptions,€none€of€which€apply€here,€probation€mustÏbe€automatically€considered€by€the€trial€court€if€the€sentence€imposed€is€eight€yearsÏor€less.€€Tenn.€Code€€Ann.€ðð€40„35„303(a),€(b).ÌÌà Œ àà ä àAlternative€sentencing€issues€must€be€determined€by€the€facts€andÏcircumstances€of€the€individual€case.€€òòState€v.€Mossóó,€727€S.W.2d€229,€235€(Tenn.Ð (È  Ð1986).€€"[E]ach€case€must€be€bottomed€upon€its€own€facts."€€òòState€v.€Tayloróó,€744Ð ô”  ÐS.W.2d€919,€922€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).à œ àÐ À` ÐÔ#†X¢ÒXXX¢Ò»)#ÔÌà Œ àà ä àThe€trial€court€denied€probation:ÌÓÓà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#à[I]f€he€did€what€he€said€he€did,€with€the€child€being€sevenÏyears€old,€he's€guilty€of€aggravated€sexual€battery,€aÏclass€B€felony€....€[H]e's€being€convicted€of€a€Class€CÏfelony€for€whatever€reason.€€And€I€always€considerÏprobation.€€I€have€problems€considering€probation€withÏsex€offenders,€however,€because,€...€the€chances€of€himÏbeing€rehabilitated€are€slim.€...€And€I€don't€think€he's€beenÏentirely€honest€with€the€Court.€...€He€may€have€beenÏentirely€honest€[during]€the€psychological€evaluation.€...Ï[T]he€diagnostic€impressions€are€pedophilia,€and€that'sÏextremely€hard€to€do€anything€with....ÓG4ÓÐ ä Ð ä Ð  ÐThe€trial€court€ordered€the€defendant€to€participate€in€counseling€and€to€serve€hisÏsentence€at€the€Rutherford€County€Workhouse.€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€failing€to€state€theÏstatutory€basis€for€the€denial€of€probation.€€The€1989€Act€does€provide€that€theÏrecord€of€the€sentencing€hearing€"shall€include€specific€findings€of€fact€upon€whichÏapplication€of€the€sentencing€principles€was€based."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.ÏððñZñœñZññ[ñÏñ[ñ40-35-209(c).›€€We€are€able€to€conclude€that€the€record€and€the€findings€of€the€trialÏcourt€are€adequate€to€support€the€denial€of€probation.€ÌÐ 8¸.4 Ðà Œ àà ä àThe€nature€and€circumstances€of€the€offense€may€often€be€soÏegregious€as€to€preclude€the€grant€of€probation.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Poeóó,€614€S.W.2d€403Ð , Ì Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1981).€€Here,€the€defendant€sexually€assaulted€a€seven„year„oldÏgirl€entrusted€to€the€care€of€him€and€his€wife.€€The€circumstances€involved€couldÏhave€resulted€in€a€conviction€of€a€Class€B€felony€had€the€defendant€proceeded€toÏtrial.€€A€lack€of€candor€may€also€militate€against€a€grant€of€probation.€€òòState€v.Ð \ü  ÐBunchóó,€646€S.W.2d€158€(Tenn.€1983).€€The€record€supports€the€trial€judge'sÐ (È  Ðconclusion€that€the€defendant€was€reluctant€to€acknowledge€his€sexual€impulsesÏtoward€his€own€daughter.€€While€denying€having€had€sexual€impulses€toward€hisÏchild,€he€had€informed€his€counselors€otherwise,€as€evidenced€by€the€psychologicalÏevaluation.€€ÌÌà Œ à€à ä àMoreover,€the€trial€court€imposed€a€minimum€sentence€of€three€years.€Ð ð ÐAlthough€an€important€sentencing€consideration€is€to€impose€the€least€severeÏpunishment€necessary,€the€grant€of€probation€might€tend€to€depreciate€theÏseriousness€of€this€offense.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40-35-103(1)(B).€€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àBecause€sentencing€requires€an€individualized,€case-by-caseÏapproach,€that€method€of€analysis€necessarily€embodies€the€exercise€of€discretionÏat€the€trial€court€level.€€òòSeeóó€òòMossóó,€727€S.W.2d€at€235;€òòState€v.€Fletcheróó,€805€S.W.2dÐ „+$"& Ð785€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).€€Thus,€there€is€a€sound€basis€for€the€presumptiveÏcorrectness€standard€of€appellate€review:ÌÓÓà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#àIt€is€not€the€policy€or€purpose€of€this€Court€to€place€trialÏjudges€in€a€judicial€strai[gh]t-jacket€in€this€or€any€otherÏarea,€and€we€are€always€reluctant€to€interfere€with€theirÏtraditional€discretionary€powers.€€Ó@ÓÐ ä Ð ä Ð  ÐòòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€171.€€That€principle€prevails€here€on€the€matter€of€probation.Ð f5,1 ÐIn€our€view,€the€trial€court€acted€within€its€discretion€in€denying€probation.€Ìà Œ àÐ þ8ž/5 Ðà Œ àà ä àAccordingly,€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.€€ÌÌÓÓà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D à__________________________________Ìà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àGary€R.€Wade,€Presiding€JudgeÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌñYñœñYññWñÌñWñ_________________________________ñYñ›ñYññYññYñÌDavid€G.€Hayes,€JudgeÌÌÌñYñœñYññXñÌñXñ_________________________________ñYñ›ñYññYññYñÌJerry€L.€Smith,€Judgeà ” à