ÿWPC¿  ÃA›¸ ?+.¯©Šß{Í/ï=,ábP7ã]-¨RôeÏG`Èî??èbŸQ´¤9óËèAWø|F*X·Ê±êq&¬-§¡uæñ7:ì72m™|€· ®à¨½ê‚Ê~Šo@9ò‘ ”rZ[M=Ìj³£ŸuÒˆ´ ü1úËXðÃ~àAâíìxÑ¢8Ki…íõâ«Í°¨Gú€Aa$\ãvÿ¨ñÑ”¤üüÙ$§«B¥¿3(ÃÓ1ü§ÆQ¡Z0Tèˆu£ÂÆ•ŽµþÁJûh˜SÝšL®Ë昑p{ѪK&!”!>=ä LÈ5¼û>;çìppÆR·|ï}£ÐÛ:±çÂâÏè7©BD|çÁ`Ü…jÒEqiYŠI§àG˜Ü ®ÞÃp+øÕÛ A¤î­¹äYü€/o‚gt–1pÓwèaÊ;ŸzsxóèYé-ÞÿsÙÄšxoíˆÍxZ¶Ì“ë-”-l¢ö‰×SW%D¬šÏÄF{‚«8QaUg“Ï~«¡¦²’ý3)6 +ˆñÕ­¦PÃÆÄðªk"gñÚ7ûÂãV”®zè>†EUNI %— 0(w@Å4(U:0U:jU:¤(ÞU: AQ@Æ‘ 0DW 0D› 0Dß ß D/# BR Bo D3Œ ˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLhÎ(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡ §D¨©eª«D¬D­®¯Ó€»n~<$3|x»,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular,ó‚ AZ"Arial Regular,ó‚ AZ"Arial Regular Ý ƒ!¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€ XúZXXXÔÔ€ %NX XúZÔÓ  ÓÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€ XúZX %NÔÐ  ÐÌò òNovember€4,€1998Ð šš ÐÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€ ôªÁôX XúZÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular !"#%Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó'''÷ÿ dxd düÿP Pd&&&&'ÿÿdxdÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýñ©ñ›ñ©ññ©ññ¤ñ›ñ¤ññ©ñÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ X/_XXXÔÓ  Óœñ»ññ»ññ»ññ¯ñœñ¯ñßr€ (<,(j 8` `€€@E ±` ttx$X°ð Õrßñ»ññ¯ññ¯ññ»ñßt€ (>.*jxLÿ™` `€€@ElI` ttx$¤°ð m tß›ñ»ñIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌAT€JACKSONÌÌOCTOBER€1998€SESSIONò òÐ pÀ ÐÌÌÌÓ  Óó óSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à h àà À àà  à)Ð 0 € Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àC.C.A.€No.€02C01„9801„CC„00034Ð  p  Ðà ` àà ¸ àAppellee,à h àà À àà  à)Ð `  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àCarroll€CountyÐ P  Ðv.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ð ð@  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àHonorable€C.€Creed€McGinleyÐ à0  ÐJAMES€DENNIS€LOVE,€JR.,à À àà  à)Ð Ð  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p à(Sale€of€Cocaine)à x àÐ À Ðà ` àà ¸ àAppellant.à h àà À àà  à)Ð ° ÐÌÌÌÌÌFOR€THE€APPELLANT:à h àà À àà  àà p àFOR€THE€APPELLEE:Ð P  ÐÌBilly€R.€Roe,€Jr.à  àà h àà À àà  àà p àJohn€Knox€WalkupÐ 0€ ÐAssistant€District€Public€Defenderà  àà p àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÐ  p Ð117€North€Forrest€Avenueà h àà À àà  àà p à425€Fifth€Avenue,€NorthÐ ` ÐCamden,€TN€€38320à h àà À àà  àà p àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493Ð P ÐÌOF€COUNSEL:à  àà h àà À àà  àà p àClinton€J.€MorganÐ à0 ÐGuy€T.€Wilkinsonà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÐ Ð  ÐDistrict€Public€Defenderà h àà À àà  àà p à425€Fifth€Avenue,€NorthÐ À! Ð117€North€Forrest€Avenueà h àà À àà  àà p àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493Ð °"  ÐCamden,€TN€€38320Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àG.€Robert€RadfordÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p à111€Church€Street,€P.€O.€Box€686Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àHuntingdon,€TN€€38344„0686ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àEleanor€CahillÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p à111€Church€Street,€P.€O.€Box€686Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àHuntingdon,€TN€€38344„0686ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€_______________________________ÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌL.€T.€LAFFERTY,€SENIOR€JUDGEÌÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àò òÐ  ;`6: ÐÑ7€ÜéXdðXXdð7ÑÌÔ‡ ¼á†¼X X/_ÔòòÓ  ÓOPINIONóóÔ#† X/_X¼ ¼á†I#ÔÐ  ð ÐÓkÓÓ  ÓÌÌó óÓÓà ` àThe€appellant,€James€Dennis€Love,€Jr.,€referred€herein€as€the€defendant,€appealsÐ –æ Ðas€of€right€from€a€judgment€entered€by€the€Carroll€County€Circuit€Court€as€a€result€of€a€juryÏfinding€him€guilty€of€the€sale€of€cocaine,€a€Schedule€II€controlled€substance.€€The€defendantÏpresents€one€appellate€issue€for€review,€whether€the€evidence€was€sufficient€to€justify€aÏrational€trier€of€fact€finding€the€defendant€guilty€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€After€a€reviewÏof€the€evidence€in€this€record,€both€partiesðð€briefs,€and€appropriate€law,€we€affirm€the€trialÏcourtððs€judgment.ÌÌò òÓ  ÓFACTUAL€BACKGROUNDÐ –æ ÐÌó óÓ  Óà ` àThe€Carroll€County€grand€jury€returned€a€two„count€indictment€charging€theÐ V¦ Ðdefendant€with€the€sale€of€cocaine€and€delivery€of€cocaine€on€January€2,€1997.€ThisÏindictment€was€brought€by€the€Twenty„Fourth€Judicial€District€Drug€Task€Force€as€the€resultÏof€a€surveillance€drug€buy€in€McKenzie,€Tennessee.€€Steve€Lee,€director€of€the€task€forceÏand€eleven„year€veteran€of€œñªñlawñªññªñ›drugñªñ›€enforcement,€testified€that€the€task€force€began€operationsÏin€Carroll€County€in€October,€1996€and€continued€through€January,€1997.€€Officer€LeeÏtestified€he€utilized€the€services€of€Sylvester€Island,€an€informant,€for€the€first€time€onÏJanuary€2,€1997.€€Island€had€worked€as€an€undercover€informant€in€approximately€seventyÏcases€in€the€Bolivar,€Tennessee€area.€€Officer€Lee€testified€he€met€Island€on€January€2€atÏthe€McKenzie€œAirportñ«ñ,ñ«ñ›€where€the€informant€was€searched,€wired€with€a€transmitter€for€audioÏsurveillance,€and€given€$50€in€buy€money.€€Officer€Lee€testified€that€this€was€a€joint€drugÏœoperationñ­ñ€ñ­ññ®ñwñ®ññ¬ñ€ñ¬ññ­ñwñ­ñith›€the€Inspector€General€of€ñ©ñœñ©ñthe€Department€of€Housingñ©ñ›ñ©ñ€ñ©ñœñ©ññ¦ñandñ¦ññ§ñofñ§ññ©ñ›ñ©ñ€UrbanÏDevelopment€ñ©ñœñ©ññ¨ñ(HUD)€ñ¨ñtoñ©ñ›ñ©ñ€combat€drug€traffic€and€violent€crimes€in€the€public€housing€in€theÏdistrict.€€Officer€Lee€followed€the€informant€and€parked€his€surveillance€car€at€the€McKenzieÏDepot€to€monitor€the€conversations€of€the€informant.€ÌÌà ` àAlthough€Officer€Lee€was€not€able€to€observe€the€actual€transactions,€he€was€ableÐ V9¦48 Ðto€hear€the€buy€take€place.€€Upon€hearing€a€signal€from€the€informant,€Officer€Lee€returnedÏto€the€airport€where€the€informant€gave€Lee€a€small€bag,€which€Lee€initialed€and€sealed.€ÏLee€sent€the€contents€and€bag€to€the€crime€laboratory€for€analysis.€€Also€present€at€theÏdrug€buy€were€the€informantððs€girlfriend,€Jeronda€Parker,€and€two€acquaintances€of€theÏdefendant,€John€and€Mike.€€Apparently,€John€and€Mike€were€charged€with€some€offenseÏand€jumped€bail.€The€surveillance€tape€was€played€for€the€benefit€of€the€jury.€ÌÌà ` àMr.€Sylvester€Island€testified€he€had€worked€as€an€undercover€informant€for€theÏState€for€ten€years.€€Island€agreed€to€work€for€Steve€Lee€in€the€McKenzie€area.€€As€to€theirÏarrangement,€Island€ð ðwould€set€up€„„€meet€individuals€that€was€selling€drugs,€and€I€wouldÏtell€Mr.€Lee€about€them.€€And€he€would€call€me€to€the€airport€and€wire€me€up,€search€theÏcar€and€myself,€and€send€me€back€out€to€make€a€purchase.ðð€€On€January€2,€1997,€noÏparticular€person€was€targeted€for€a€drug€buy.€€After€leaving€Officer€Lee,€Island€proceededÏto€his€apartment€in€the€projects€and€ran€into€some€neighbors,€Lynn€Cunningham€and€KeithÏRobinson.€€After€a€short€conversation€with€these€two€persons,€a€brown€Escort€pulled€up.€ÏIn€the€car€were€the€defendant,€who€was€seated€in€the€rear,€John,€and€Mike.€€The€defendantÏasked€Island€if€he€ð ðneeded€anything.ðð€€The€informant€told€the€defendant,€ð ðI€needed€a€fifty.€Ï[C]ome€back€to€my€apartment,€meet€me€back€at€the€apartment,€and€that€I€would€buy€a€fiftyÏdollar€rock€off€of€him.ðð€The€defendant€came€to€the€apartment€with€John€and€Mike,€whereÏthe€informant€paid€the€defendant€$50€for€three€rocks€of€cocaine.€€Island€testified€this€wasÏthe€first€time€he€had€met€the€defendant€and€learned€his€name,€but€he€had€seen€theÏdefendant€in€the€neighborhood€with€an€acquaintance,€Tracy€Spears.€€After€initialing€andÏdating€the€bag,€the€informant€gave€the€cocaine€to€Officer€Lee.ÌÌà ` àMs.€Jeronda€Parker€testified€she€and€Sylvester€Island€were€living€together€in€theÏprojects€at€6056€Walnut€Circle€in€McKenzie€at€the€time€of€the€buy.€€Ms.€Parker€was€notÏacting€as€an€informant€for€the€State.€€Ms.€Parker€testified€she€and€Island€met€Officer€LeeÏat€the€airport€where€Island€was€searched,€wired,€and€given€$50€for€drug€purchases.€€ParkerÏand€Island€proceeded€to€their€apartment€when€they€met€Lynn€Cunningham€and€KeithÐ 09€48 ÐRobinson.€€After€these€two€persons€left,€the€defendant,€John,€and€Mike€stopped€Parker€andÏIsland.€The€defendant€asked€Island€ð ðdid€he€need€anything,ðð€to€which€Island€responded,Ïð ðYes,€let€me€back€up€to€the€apartment.ðð€€Whereupon,€the€defendant€gave€some€cocaineÏto€Island€for€ñ¤ñœñ¤ñ$50.ñ¤ñ›ñ¤ñ€€Ms.€Parker€had€seen€the€defendant€one€time€before,€and€on€the€nightÏof€the€buy€the€defendant€identified€himself€as€Dennis€Love.€ÌÌà ` àMs.€Sandra€Jean€Romanek,€examiner€for€the€Tennessee€Bureau€of€Investigation,Ïtestified€she€received€a€substance€for€drug€analysis€from€Steve€Lee.€€After€an€examinationÏand€analysis,€Ms.€Romanek€determined€the€substance€was€cocaine€and€weighed€0.3Ïgrams.€€Cocaine€is€a€Schedule€II€controlled€substance.ÌÌà ` àThe€defendant€did€not€testify,€nor€present€any€defense€proof.ÌÌò òÓ  ÓAPPELLATE€ISSUEÐ ` ÐÌó óÓ  Óà ` àThe€defendant€contends€the€identification€testimony€of€Sylvester€Island€and€JerondaÐ Ð  ÐParker€was€unreliable€since€Island€was€a€paid€informant€and€convicted€felon,€and€thereÏwas€no€basis€to€test€the€voices€on€the€tape€since€the€defendant€did€not€testify.€€The€StateÏcounters€ñ¤ñœñ¤ñthat€the€defendantððs€soleñ¤ñ›ñ¤ñ€argument€on€ñ¤ñœñ¤ñappeal,ñ¤ñ›ñ¤ñ€ñ¤ñœñ¤ñtheñ¤ñ›ñ¤ñ€Stateððs€witnesses€ñ¤ñœñ¤ñwereñ¤ñ›ñ¤ñ€notÏñ¤ñœñ¤ñcredible,ñ¤ñ›ñ¤ñ€is€not€an€appealable€issue.ÌÌà ` àWhen€reviewing€a€trial€courtððs€judgment,€the€appellate€court€will€not€disturb€a€verdictÏof€guilty€unless€the€facts€in€the€record€and€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€from€it€areÏñ¤ñœñ¤ñinsufficientñ¤ñ›ñ¤ñ€as€a€matter€of€law€for€a€rational€trier€of€fact€to€ñ¤ñœñ¤ñfindñ¤ñ›ñ¤ñ€the€defendant€guilty€beyondÏa€reasonable€doubt.€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13€(e)òò;€State€v.€Tuggle,€óó639€S.W.2d€913€(Tenn.Ð °1-0 Ð1982);€òòState€v.€Brewer,€óó932€ñ¤ñœñ¤ñS.W.2dñ¤ñ›ñ¤ñ€1,€19€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996).€€Initially,€a€defendantÐ 3à.2 Ðis€cloaked€with€the€presumption€of€innocence.€òò€Tuggle,€óó639€S.W.2d€at€914.€€However,€aÐ p5À04 Ðjury€conviction€removes€the€presumption€of€innocence€and€replaces€it€with€one€of€guilt,€soÏthat€on€appeal€a€convicted€defendant€has€the€burden€of€demonstrating€that€the€evidenceÐ 09€48 Ðis€insufficient.€òò€Id.€óó€In€determining€the€sufficiency€of€evidence,€this€Court€does€not€reweighÐ ° Ðor€reevaluate€the€evidence.€òò€State€v.€Cabbage,€óó571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€€OnÐ à Ðappeal,€the€State€is€entitled€to€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€and€allÏlegitimate€or€reasonable€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€therefrom.€€òòState€v.€Harris,€óó839Ð P   ÐS.W.2d€54,€75€(Tenn.€1992).€It€is€the€appellate€courtððs€duty€to€affirm€the€conviction€if€theÏevidence€viewed€under€these€standards€was€sufficient€for€any€rational€trier€of€fact€to€haveÏfound€the€essential€elements€of€the€offense€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€òò€Jackson€vÐ ð@  ÐVirginia,€443€U.S.€307,€319,€óó99€S.Ct.€2781,€2789,€61€L.Ed.2d€560€(1979);€òòState€v.€Cazes,Ð Ð  Ðóó875€S.W.2d€253,€259€(Tenn.€1994).€€This€rule€is€applicable€to€findings€of€guilt€predicatedÐ ° Ðupon€the€direct€evidence,€circumstantial€evidence,€or€a€combination€of€both€direct€andÏcircumstantial€evidence.€òò€State€v.€Matthews,€óó805€S.W.2d€776,€779€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð pÀ Ð1990).ÌÌà ` àBasically,€the€defendant€attacks€his€conviction€on€the€ground€the€testimony€of€theÏinformant,€Sylvester€Island,€and€Jeronda€Parker€was€not€credible.€Since€the€defendantÏelected€not€to€present€any€proof,€the€jury€was€to€consider€the€testimony€of€the€two€StateÏwitnesses€and€the€tape€of€the€conversations.€The€question€of€the€identification€of€theÏdefendant€was€resolved€by€the€jury.€€The€weight€and€credibility€of€witnessesðð€testimony€areÏmatters€entrusted€exclusively€to€the€jury€as€the€trier€of€fact.€ñ¤ñœòòóó›ñ¤ñ€òòState€v.€Locust,€óó914€S.W.2dÐ p&À!$ Ð554,€558€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòper.€app.€deniedóó€(Tenn.€ñ¤ñœñ¤ñ1995);€òòState€v.€Boling,€óó840€S.W.2dÐ P( #& Ð944,€947€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòper.€app.€deniedóó€(Tenn.€1992).ñ¤ñ›ñ¤ñÐ 0*€%( ÐÌà ` àIn€conclusion,€there€is€ample€evidence€in€this€record€to€support€the€conviction€of€theÏdefendant,€and€thus€the€trial€courtððs€judgment€is€affirmed.Ìñ¤ñœñ¤ññ¡ñÌñ¡ññ¤ñ›ñ¤ñÌÔ‡ XaÀXX XrÔÓÓà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à________________________________________Ð p5À04 Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àL.€T.€LAFFERTY,€SENIOR€JUDGEÌÌÌñ¤ñœñ¤ññ ñÐ  9X48 ÐÌÌñ ñCONCUR:ñ¤ñ›ñ¤ñÌÌÌñ¤ñœñ¤ññ¢ñÌñ¢ññ¤ñ›ñ¤ñÌ___________________________________ÌJOHN€H.€PEAY,€JUDGEÌÌñ¤ñœñ¤ññ£ñÌñ£ññ¤ñ›ñ¤ñÌÌ___________________________________Ô#† XrXX XaÀm7#ÔÔ‡ XrXX XrÔÐ ^®  ÐDAVID€G.€HAYES,€ñ¤ñœñ¤ñJUDGEÔ#† XrXX Xr9#Ôñ¤ñ›ñ¤ñ