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Æ‹`Û¶+|´2C¡–z>¡8´<è«m k¿u㌇Ë>©|²20ûnÒhœä,7nSá¼m:?ʕܡãX3®ÛÔNFxÍ{üm ÙÃGúê^rÞ#€ÍÓÀå©ð×È%²µ×yñÞÀ;hg*7ÇŠ>åèâ&œÜÔ®ê$( ³+`¯Ê/ìÊúdÚrŸ¶ÍP¦Ø_‚5Ì¡|‘žKz©錃1œº\ÿ‡Âã*G©­+Ðÿ]nº¹L¥ %!ðß‚fº)nÓÊ ªm€.£,²®¤ße5¯íi®êonÞ NCß“‹Ô®(±.©Ýù *FeXç²­æ¶–†Z’ô¦H… „}/€|T2:zßÉÆRm\²?X…BàÝnL«ÙAÏöÌo—ÜÕçMåµD옷µÇí&³ ¢`QaMBÛa;H*|Q­oè2˜=âÏñã yúiŽý4ï-¢y^â ¯¿´®ÇãPsY`sîê[fžÁ`Am…’¬íPC!‹2•$sed%µ¦à¯­qŠ.Ö9¡ò\¸ç:ˆtÎã’6Á¦²Vûi™ 1˜þª ÓqCŒ—mí^õóÍœÉF¦’H‡œÃhWñY¢È RÇ.tVt…# F UNQ %Ÿ 0(¥ U:Í b w@ 4O c 0Dr 0 ж U@† ÅÆ I‹ÉÔ*sÇU ::ÅtU:9IsU:¼©öU:Ÿ *Ù U:$s=$U:°'ê'©ò' B›*U:¸*éò*U:Û+Û+Û+Û+Û+Û+Û+Û+ D3,,, 0DH,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H,H, AOŒ,ÆÛ,Û, 0D¡- D/å- B.˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLhÎ(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡,“í|AZ‹"Arial Regular- ù- @DAUB eCr‚DDEFeGLUMÓ€uM%3|xV(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(‡!2P)$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€XJ•XXXÔÔ€ôuæôXXJ•ÔÓÓ€€€€€òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó*Ͼ¦ `(CG TimesScalable »Ý ƒ P)$ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€XJ•XXXÔÔ€ôuæôXXJ•ÔÓÓ€€€€€òòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€Mr.€David€Smith,€the€driver€of€the€vehicle,€and€Mr.€Jason€Steele,€the€backseat€passenger,€both€wereÐ `  ÐAppellant's€co„defendants,€and€all€three€cases€were€joined€for€trial.€€However,€the€jury€acquitted€both€Mr.ÏSmith€and€Mr.€Steele€of€the€charged€offenses. ?Ý ƒ ‰Õ$ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€Xzó XXXÔÔ€ôUà ô XXzóÔÓÓ€€€€€òòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€Officer€Stewart€testified€that€Officer€Branch's€fourth€and€final€request€to€Appellant€consisted€ofÐ `  Ðinforming€Appellant€that€if€he€did€not€voluntarily€step€out€of€the€vehicle,€Branch€and€Stewart€would€pull€himÏout€of€the€car.€€According€to€Officer€Stewart,€Appellant€replied,€"Go€for€it,€big€boy."€€Neither€Officer€Doty€norÏOfficer€Branch€could€recall€Appellant€making€such€a€statement. ¿Ý ƒ ‰Õ$ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€Xzó XXXÔÔ€ôUà ô XXzóÔÓÓ€€€€€òòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€It€does€appear€that€the€trial€court€deviated€from€the€procedure€outlined€in€then€existing€òòTenn.€R.€Crim.Ð `  ÐP.óó€24(c)€for€impaneling€jurors.€€In€1997€Rule€24(e)€was€amended€and€would€now€allow€the€procedureÐ  ¾ Ðemployed€by€the€trial€judge. Ý ƒ ‰Õ$ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€Xzó XXXÔÔ€ôUà ô XXzóÔÓÓ€€€€€òòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€39„11„106(a)(29)€provides:Ð `  ÐÌà8 ` àà0¸ ` (#` (#à"Public€place"€means€a€place€to€which€the€public€or€a€group€of€persons€hasÏaccess€and€includes,€but€is€not€limited€to,€highways,€transportation€facilities,Ïschools,€places€of€amusement,€parks,€places€of€business,€playgrounds€andÏhallways,€lobbies€and€other€portions€of€apartment€houses€and€hotels€notÏconstituting€rooms€or€apartments€designed€for€actual€residence.€€An€act€isÏdeemed€to€occur€in€a€public€place€if€it€produces€its€offensive€or€proscribedÏconsequences€in€a€public€place.Ð ¸ (#¸ (# ÐòòId.óóÓÓ iÝ ƒ ‰Õ$ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€Xzó XXXÔÔ€ôUà ô XXzóÔÓÓ€€€€€òòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€This€is€an€accurate€paraphrase€of€our€holding€in€òòLawsonóó,€776€S.W.2d€139:Ð `  ÐÌà8 ` àà0¸ ` (#` (#àA€"public€place"€is€a€place€to€which€the€general€public€has€a€right€of€access.€€AÏlocation€to€which€such€a€right€of€access€exists€does€not€lose€its€character€as€aÏ"public€place"€simply€because€others€are€not€present€to€observe€the€defendant'sÏdrunken€condition.€€Moreover,€we€conclude,€as€have€courts€in€other€jurisdictionsÏthat€the€Appellant's€presence€inside€a€vehicle€on€a€public€road€does€not€alter€theÏ"public"€character€of€that€road€or€convert€the€Appellant's€condition€into€one€ofÏprivate€rather€than€public€intoxication.Ð ¸ (#¸ (# ÐòòId.óó€at€140„41.,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular »Ý ƒ ‰Õ$ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€XƒsXXXÔÔ€ô¥ºôXXƒsÔÓÓ€€€€€òòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€Mr.€David€Smith,€the€driver€of€the€vehicle,€and€Mr.€Jason€Steele,€the€backseat€passenger,€both€wereÐ `  ÐAppellant's€co„defendants,€and€all€three€cases€were€joined€for€trial.€€However,€the€jury€acquitted€both€Mr.ÏSmith€and€Mr.€Steele€of€the€charged€offenses.,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular ?Ý ƒ ‰Õ$ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€XƒsXXXÔÔ€ô¥ºôXXƒsÔÓÓ€€€€€òòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€Officer€Stewart€testified€that€Officer€Branch's€fourth€and€final€request€to€Appellant€consisted€ofÐ `  Ðinforming€Appellant€that€if€he€did€not€voluntarily€step€out€of€the€vehicle,€Branch€and€Stewart€would€pull€himÏout€of€the€car.€€According€to€Officer€Stewart,€Appellant€replied,€"Go€for€it,€big€boy."€€Neither€Officer€Doty€norÏOfficer€Branch€could€recall€Appellant€making€such€a€statement.,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular ŸÝ ƒ ‰Õ$ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€XƒsXXXÔÔ€ô¥ºôXXƒsÔÓÓ€€€€€òòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€It€does€appear€that€the€trial€court€deviated€from€the€procedure€outlined€in€òòTenn.€R.€Crim.€P.óó€24(c)€forÐ `  Ðimpaneling€jurors.€€Because€this€deviation€was€taken€without€objection€and€because€it€does€not€appear€toÏhave€affected€the€verdict,€any€error€would€be€harmless.€€However,€under€different€circumstances,€aÏdeviation€such€as€this€in€jury€selection€could€constitute€prejudice€to€the€judicial€process€and€requireÏreversal.€€òòState€v.€Colemanóó,€865€S.W.2d€455€(Tenn.€1993).,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular Ý ƒ ‰Õ$ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€XƒsXXXÔÔ€ô¥ºôXXƒsÔÓÓ€€€€€òòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€39„11„106(a)(29)€provides:Ð `  ÐÌà8 ` àà0¸ ` (#` (#à"Public€place"€means€a€place€to€which€the€public€or€a€group€of€persons€hasÏaccess€and€includes,€but€is€not€limited€to,€highways,€transportation€facilities,Ïschools,€places€of€amusement,€parks,€places€of€business,€playgrounds€andÏhallways,€lobbies€and€other€portions€of€apartment€houses€and€hotels€notÏconstituting€rooms€or€apartments€designed€for€actual€residence.€€An€act€isÏdeemed€to€occur€in€a€public€place€if€it€produces€its€offensive€or€proscribedÏconsequences€in€a€public€place.Ð ¸ (#¸ (# ÐòòId.óóÓÓ,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular iÝ ƒ ‰Õ$ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€XƒsXXXÔÔ€ô¥ºôXXƒsÔÓÓ€€€€€òòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€This€is€an€accurate€paraphrase€of€our€holding€in€òòLawsonóó,€776€S.W.2d€139:Ð `  ÐÌà8 ` àà0¸ ` (#` (#àA€"public€place"€is€a€place€to€which€the€general€public€has€a€right€of€access.€€AÏlocation€to€which€such€a€right€of€access€exists€does€not€lose€its€character€as€aÏ"public€place"€simply€because€others€are€not€present€to€observe€the€defendant'sÏdrunken€condition.€€Moreover,€we€conclude,€as€have€courts€in€other€jurisdictionsÏthat€the€Appellant's€presence€inside€a€vehicle€on€a€public€road€does€not€alter€theÏ"public"€character€of€that€road€or€convert€the€Appellant's€condition€into€one€ofÏprivate€rather€than€public€intoxication.Ð ¸ (#¸ (# ÐòòId.óó€at€140„41.,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular ŸÝ ƒ ‰Õ$ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€ Xzó XXXÔÔ€ ôUà ô XXzóÔÓÓ€€€€€òòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€It€does€appear€that€the€trial€court€deviated€from€the€procedure€outlined€in€òòTenn.€R.€Crim.€P.óó€24(c)€forÐ `  Ðimpaneling€jurors.€€Because€this€deviation€was€taken€without€objection€and€because€it€does€not€appear€toÏhave€affected€the€verdict,€any€error€would€be€harmless.€€However,€under€different€circumstances,€aÏdeviation€such€as€this€in€jury€selection€could€constitute€prejudice€to€the€judicial€process€and€requireÏreversal.€€òòState€v.€Colemanóó,€865€S.W.2d€455€(Tenn.€1993). d,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular ßÔ€"XJ•XXXÔÔ€" X"XJ•ÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€"XJ•X " ÔÐ  ÐÌNovember€16,€1998ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAMÔó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular'ÿÿdxd(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝñMññBñ›ñBññMñÑ` °ÑÒ°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€ŠìŠXXÔÔ€Š³ ŠŠŠìÔÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ€ÑÑ7€&uXXdìdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÓ  Óò òñMñßr€!*<,(j 8` `€€@Eôf ` 8ttxP,` ð  rß›ñMñIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÐ `  ÐÌAT€NASHVILLEÌÌMAY€SESSION,€1997ÌÌÌÓ  ÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à À à)à  àC.C.A.€NO.€01C01„9605„CC„00223Ð ` Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àó ó)Ð ` Ðà ` àAppellee,à  àà h àà À àò ò)Ð Xø  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àFRANKLIN€COUNTYÐ Xø  ÐVS.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àÐ Xø  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àHON.€THOMAS€W.€GRAHAMó óÐ Xø  Ðò òPAUL€E.€MATHIS,ó óà h àà À àò ò)à  àJUDGEó óÐ Xø  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àò ò)ó óÐ Xø Ðà ` àAppellant.à  àà h àà À àò ò)à  à(Direct€Appeal€„€Sentencing)Ð Xø Ðó óÌÌÓ  ÓÌÌòòÓ  ÓFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:à h àà À àà  àòòFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:Ð 8Ø ÐÌPHILIP€A.€CONDRAà h àà À àà  àJOHN€KNOX€WALKUPÐ ( È ÐDistrict€Public€Defenderà h àà À àà  àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÐ  !À Ð12th€Judicial€DistrictÌ204€Betsy€Pack€Driveà h àà À àà  àKAREN€M.€YACUZZOÐ #° ÐJasper,€TN€€37347à h àà À àà  àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÐ $¨ Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àJ.€MICHAEL€TAYLORÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àSTEVEN€M.€BLOUNTÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àAssistant€District€AttorneyÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à1€South€JeffersonÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àWinchester,€TN€€37398ÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED€________________________ÌÌCONVICTION€FOR€RESISTING€ARREST€AFFIRMED;ÌCONVICTION€FOR€PUBLIC€INTOXICATION€REVERSED€AND€REMANDEDÌÌJERRY€L.€SMITH,€JUDGEÐ  p6-. ÐÓ  Óò òòòÔ‡„0ì„ŠŠ³ ÔOPINIONóóó óÔ#†Š³ Š„„0ìì #ÔÐ `  ÐÌÓ  ÓÓÓÌÑ7€ ξ X XdðXXdì7Ñà ` àAppellant€Paul€E.€Mathis€was€convicted€on€July€20,€1995€by€a€jury€in€theÐ ¬ L ÐFranklin€County€Circuit€Court€of€one€count€of€public€intoxication€and€one€countÏof€resisting€arrest.€€On€September€12,€1995,€the€trial€court€conducted€aÏsentencing€hearing.€€Respecting€the€public€intoxication€conviction,€AppellantÏreceived€a€suspended€sentence€of€thirty€days€incarceration€in€the€Franklin€CountyÏjail,€thirty€days€probation€to€begin€immediately,€and€a€$25.00€fine€and€costs.€€ForÏthe€resisting€arrest€conviction,€the€trial€court€imposed€a€concurrent€sentence€ofÏsix€months€incarceration€in€the€county€jail,€all€of€which€was€suspended€save€forty„¼eight€hours€incarceration.€€On€this€direct€appeal,€Appellant€presents€three€issuesÏfor€our€consideration:€€(1)€whether€the€trial€court€erred€by€failing€to€impanel€theÏjury€in€compliance€with€Rule€24,€òòTenn.€R.€Crim.€P.óó;€(2)€whether€the€trial€courtÐ  !¬ Ðimproperly€responded€to€questions€submitted€by€the€jury€during€its€deliberations;Ïand€(3)€whether€the€evidence€was€insufficient€to€sustain€Appellant's€conviction€forÏresisting€arrest.Ìà ` àAfter€a€review€of€the€record,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€as€toÏthe€conviction€for€resisting€arrest.€€However,€we€must€reverse€the€conviction€forÏpublic€intoxication€and€remand€that€case€for€a€new€trial.ÌÌà@  #®àò òI.€€FACTUAL€BACKGROUNDó óˆÐ Œ0,'( Ðà ` àThe€proof€shows€that€on€August€19,€1994,€Appellant€consumed€alcoholÏthroughout€the€day€and,€therefore,€did€not€want€to€drive.€€Appellant€telephonedÏâ âMr.€David€Smith,€his€brother„in„law,€and€asked€Smith€to€drive€Appellant€to€aÐ l6 -. Ðfriend's€house.€€Appellant€rode€in€the€front€passenger€seat€while€his€brother„in„lawÏdrove€the€automobile.€€Mr.€Jason€SteeleñBñ׃ ×ñBññBñ׃×ñBñÝ ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€sat€in€the€back€seat.Ð P ð Ðâ âà ` àShortly€before€11:00€P.M.€on€August€19,€a€dispatcher€for€the€WinchesterÏPolice€Department€issued€a€bulletin€alerting€officers€to€watch€for€a€vehicle€whoseÏdescription€and€license€plate€number€matched€those€of€the€automobile€in€whichÏAppellant€was€a€passenger.€€The€dispatcher€informed€officers€that€the€vehicleÏwas€being€operated€erratically.Ìà ` àOfficer€Michael€Doty€of€the€Winchester€Police€Department€testified€that€heÏreceived€the€dispatch€while€patrolling€Highway€130€and€North€High€Street.€€OfficerÏDoty€first€encountered€the€white€Mustang€on€North€High€Street.€€He€followed€andÏobserved€the€car€for€approximately€six€to€eight€blocks.€€During€this€time,€theÏautomobile€moved€from€its€lane€five€times„„three€times€to€the€inside€lane€andÏtwice€to€the€outside€lane.€€After€stopping€the€vehicle,€Officer€Doty€approached€theÏdriver's€side€of€the€car€and,€upon€smelling€alcohol,€asked€the€driver€to€step€fromÏthe€automobile€and€to€produce€his€driving€license.€€Officer€Doty€then€called€forÏbackup,€and€Officers€Greg€Branch€and€John€Stewart€soon€arrived€at€the€scene.€ÏOfficer€Doty€was€involved€primarily€with€the€driver€of€the€automobile€and€dealtÏonly€briefly€with€Appellant.€€Officer€Doty€testified,€however,€that€Appellant€smelledÏstrongly€of€alcohol.€€Appellant€sat€quietly€in€the€car€and€watched€as€Officer€DotyÏtested€Mr.€Smith€to€determine€whether€or€not€Smith€was€intoxicated.Ìà ` àAppellant€was€still€sitting€in€the€front€passenger€seat€of€the€vehicle€whenÏOfficers€Branch€and€Stewart€arrived.€€Officer€Branch€approached€the€passengerÏside€of€the€vehicle€and€asked€Appellant€to€produce€his€license.€€Though€AppellantÏreached€into€his€pocket,€he€did€not€remove€anything.€€Because€the€darknessÐ ð5,. Ðprevented€Officer€Branch€from€seeing€clearly€inside€the€vehicle,€he€could€not€seeÏthe€item€Appellant€attempted€to€retrieve€from€his€pocket.€€Branch€stated€that€heÏasked€Appellant€to€step€from€the€car€because€he€detected€a€strong€odor€ofÏalcohol.€€Officer€Branch€testified€that€upon€being€asked€to€step€out€of€theÏautomobile,€Appellant€asked€the€reason€for€the€officer's€request.€€Officer€BranchÏinformed€Appellant€that€he€needed€to€check€Appellant€both€for€the€safety€of€theÏofficers€as€well€as€for€Appellant's€own€safety.€€Appellant€refused€this€first€requestÏand€said,€"I'm€not€getting€out€of€the€car."€€Officer€Branch€then€made€two€moreÏrequests€that€Appellant€get€out€of€the€car,€and€Appellant€again€declined€toÏcomply.€€Officer€Stewart€approached€the€vehicle€and€observed€Officer€BranchÏmake€the€third€request€of€Appellant.€€Appellant€again€declined€to€exit€theÏautomobile€after€being€asked€for€a€fourth€time€to€do€so.€€Officer€Branch€testifiedÏthat€Officer€Stewart€attempted€to€open€the€door,€and€Branch€reached€into€theÏvehicle€to€grab€Appellant.€€When€he€did€so,€Appellant€pulled€the€door€closed,Ïcausing€Branch€to€pull€his€arm€from€the€car€to€prevent€his€fingers€from€beingÏcaught.€€Officer€Stewart€again€pulled€open€the€door,€and€Branch€sprayedÏAppellant€in€the€face€with€pepper€spray.€€Officer€Branch€stated€that€AppellantÏbecame€more€combative€after€being€sprayed.€€Stewart€grabbed€Appellant€by€hisÏhair,€pulled€him€from€the€vehicle,€and€pulled€him€to€the€ground.€€While€BranchÏheld€Appellant€on€the€ground€by€placing€his€knee€between€Appellant's€shoulderÏblades,€Officers€Doty€and€Branch€handcuffed€Appellant.ñBñ׃×ñBññBñ׃×ñBñÝ ƒ ÿÿÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Appellant€continued€toÐ  0À&( Ðfight€with€the€three€police€officers€until€the€officers€placed€him€into€the€patrol€car.ÌÐ 4 *, Ðà@XX®àò òII.€€SUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€EVIDENCEó óˆÐ `  Ðà ` àAppellant€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€to€sustain€hisÏconviction€for€resisting€arrest.€€This€contention€has€no€merit.Ìà ` àThis€Court€is€obliged€to€review€challenges€to€the€sufficiency€of€theÏconvicting€evidence€according€to€certain€well„settled€principles.€€A€verdict€of€guiltyÏby€the€jury,€approved€by€the€trial€judge,€accredits€the€testimony€of€the€State'sÏwitnesses€and€resolves€all€conflicts€in€the€testimony€in€favor€of€the€State.€€òòStateÐ °  Ðv.€Cazesóó,€875€S.W.2d€253,€259€(Tenn.€1994);€òòState€v.€Harrisóó,€839€S.W.2d€54,€75Ð    Ð(Tenn.€1992).€€Although€an€accused€is€originally€cloaked€with€a€presumption€ofÏinnocence,€a€jury€verdict€removes€this€presumption€and€replaces€it€with€one€ofÏguilt.€€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).€€Hence,€on€appeal,€theÐ Ðp Ðburden€of€proof€rests€with€Appellant€to€demonstrate€the€insufficiency€of€theÏconvicting€evidence.€€òòId.óó€€On€appeal,€"the€[S]tate€is€entitled€to€the€strongestÐ ° P Ðlegitimate€view€of€the€evidence€as€well€as€all€reasonable€and€legitimateÏinferences€that€may€be€drawn€therefrom."€€òòId.óó€(citing€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571Ð $0 ÐS.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978)).€€Where€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€isÏcontested€on€appeal,€the€relevant€question€for€the€reviewing€court€is€whether€anyÏrational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€accused€guilty€of€every€element€of€theÏoffense€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòHarrisóó,€839€S.W.2d€54,€75;€òòJackson€v.Ð P,ð"$ ÐVirginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319,€99€S.Ct.€2781,€2789,€61€L.Ed.2d€560€(1979).€€InÐ @.à$& Ðconducting€our€evaluation€of€the€convicting€evidence,€this€Court€is€precluded€fromÏreweighing€or€reconsidering€the€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Morganóó,€929€S.W.2d€380,€383Ð  2À(* Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996);€òòState€v.€Matthewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€776,€779€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð 4°*, ÐApp.€1990).€€Moreover,€this€Court€may€not€substitute€its€own€inferences€"for€thoseÏdrawn€by€the€trier€of€fact€from€circumstantial€evidence."€€òòMatthewsóó,€805€S.W.2dÐ ð7.0 Ð776,€779.€€Finally,€òòTenn.€R.€App.€P.óó€13(e)€provides,€"Findings€of€guilt€in€criminalÐ à9€02 Ðactions€whether€by€the€trial€court€or€jury€shall€be€set€aside€if€the€evidence€isÏinsufficient€to€support€the€findings€by€the€trier€of€fact€of€guilt€beyond€a€reasonableÏdoubt."€€òòSee€also€Matthewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€776,€780.Ð @ à Ðà ` àTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„16„602€provides€in€part:ÓÓÌÌà8 ` àà0¸ ` ü!` ü!à(a)€It€is€an€offense€for€a€person€to€intentionally€prevent€orÏobstruct€anyone€known€to€the€person€to€be€a€law€enforcementÏofficer.€.€.€from€effecting€a€stop,€frisk,€halt,€arrest,€or€search€ofÏany€person,€including€the€defendant,€by€using€force€againstÏthe€law€enforcement€officer€or€another.Ð ¸ ü!¸ ü! Ðà8 ` àà0¸ ` ü!` ü!à(b)€.€.€.€[I]t€is€no€defense€to€prosecution€under€this€section€thatÏthe€stop,€frisk,€halt,€arrest€or€search€was€unlawful.Ð ¸ ü!¸ ü! ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„16„602(a)€and€39„16„602(b).ÓÓÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„106(a)(12)€states:€€"`Force'€means€compulsion€by€theÏuse€of€physical€power€or€violence€and€shall€be€broadly€construed€to€accomplishÏthe€purposes€of€this€title."€€The€State€bears€the€burden€of€proving€every€elementÏof€the€offense€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.Ìà ` àAs€this€Court€noted€in€òòState€v.€James€Bradleyóó,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„16„Ð ˜!8 Ð602(b)€reflects€a€policy€decision€by€our€legislature€that€"the€illegality€of€an€arrestÏalone€will€not€justify€an€assault€against€officers€attempting€the€arrest."€€C.C.A.€No.Ï03C01„9408„CR„00298,€slip€op.€1,€5,€Monroe€County,€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,ÏKnoxville,€February€13),€òòcert€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€1996).€€In€òòBradleyóó,€we€held€that€theÐ X)ø! Ðillegality€of€the€police€conduct€is€irrelevant€to€determining€whether€or€not€theÏaccused€was€justified€in€refusing€to€comply€with€a€law€enforcement€officer'sÏcommands€or€requests.€€òòId.óóÐ (/È%' Ðà ` àFirst,€Officer€Branch€asked€Appellant€to€exit€his€vehicle.€€Officer€BranchÏdeemed€this€necessary€in€order€to€check€Appellant€both€for€his€own€safety€as€wellÏas€that€of€the€officers.€Moreover,€Officer€Branch€noted€Appellant's€slurred€speechÏand€a€strong€odor€of€alcohol€about€him.€€€Officer€Branch€also€testified€thatÏAppellant€was€combative.€€Second,€Appellant€used€force€against€Officers€Branch,Ð Ø8x/1 ÐStewart,€and€Doty.€€Specifically,€Appellant€refused€to€step€out€of€the€automobileÏand€pulled€the€door€closed€when€Officer€Stewart€opened€it.€€After€Officer€BranchÏsprayed€Appellant€with€the€stun€solution,€Appellant€continued€to€struggle,€kick,Ïand€fight.€€€The€foregoing€amply€demonstrates€that€Appellant€used€force€toÏobstruct€the€officers€from€effectuating€his€arrest.€€òòSee€State€v.€Ronald€David€Leeóó,Ð  À ÐNo.€03„C„01„9410„CR„00393,€slip€op.€1,€7,€Cocke€County,€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,ÏKnoxville,€July€6,€1995)€(holding€that€the€evidence€was€sufficient€to€sustain€theÏAppellant's€conviction€for€resisting€arrest€where€the€Appellant€wrestled€with€theÏarresting€officer€to€prevent€that€officer€from€handcuffing€him).Ìà ` àThe€jury€was€entitled€to€accredit€the€testimony€of€the€prosecutionÏwitnesses,€and€it€apparently€did€so.€€We€decline€to€disturb€that€verdict€on€thisÏappeal.ÌÌà@"""®àò òIII.€€IMPANELING€THE€JURYó óˆÐ "0 Ðà ` àAppellant€next€complains€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€failing€to€comply€withÐ $0 ÐòòTenn.€R.€Crim.€P.óó€24(c)€when€impaneling€the€jury.€€Appellant's€failure€toÐ €&  Ðcontemporaneously€object€to€the€court's€procedure€for€impaneling€the€jury€hasÏwaived€this€issue€on€appeal.€€òòTenn.€R.€App.€P.óó€36(a).€€òòSee€also€State€v.€Smithóó,Ð `*!" Ð857€S.W.2d€1,€20€(Tenn.€1993)€(holding€that€by€not€contesting€the€trial€court's€juryÏselection€procedure€until€after€the€case€was€submitted€to€the€jury,€rather€thanÏcontemporaneously€objecting,€the€accused€waived€that€issue€on€appeal).ñBññGñœ×ƒ×ñGññGñ׃×ñGññBññBñ׃×ñBñÝ ƒ ÿÿÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  כР00Ð&( МñLñÌâ âñLñ›Ð 4°*, Ðà@®àò òIV.€€TRIAL€COURT'S€RESPONSES€TO€QUESTIONS€POSED€BY€JURYˆÐ `  Ðâ âDURING€DELIBERATIONSó óÐ `  Ðà ` àAppellant€next€asserts€that€the€trial€court€erroneously€responded€toÏquestions€posed€by€the€jury€during€its€deliberations.€€We€disagree.Ìà ` àDuring€its€deliberations,€the€jury€posed€both€written€and€oral€questions€toÏthe€court.€€One€of€the€written€questions€asked€for€a€definition€of€the€term€"publicÏplace."ÌÌà@RR®àò òA.€€DEFINITION€OF€"PUBLIC€PLACE"ó óˆÐ   Ðà ` àAppellant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€defining€the€term€"public€place"Ïbecause€the€court€opted€to€inform€the€jury€about€this€Court's€opinion€in€òòState€v.Ð ð ÐLawsonóó,€776€S.W.2d€139€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1989)€rather€than€to€read€theÐ à€ Ðdefinition€contained€in€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€106(a)(29)ñBñ׃×ñBññBñ׃×ñBñÝ ƒ ÿÿÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€as€requested€by€defenseÐ Ð p Ðcounsel.€€Specifically,€Appellant€asserts€that€the€court€erred€by€not€reading€theÏfinal€sentence€of€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„106(a)(29).Ìà ` àOutside€the€jury's€presence,€the€court€informed€counsel€that€it€wouldÏrespond€to€the€jury's€question€by€discussing€our€holding€in€òòLawsonóó.€€The€courtÐ (0  Ðrefused€defense€counsel's€request€to€read€to€the€jury€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„¼106(a)(29).€€€Because€of€its€opinion€that€"The€only€issue€for€this€jury€is€whetherÏor€not€people€in€the€automobile€were€in€a€public€place,"€€the€court€believed€thatÏthe€statutory€definition€would€only€confuse€the€jury.€€Thus,€the€court€informed€theÐ P0ð&( Ðjury€that€"persons€in€a€private€vehicle€are€in€a€public€place€if€they're€on€a€publicÏroad.€.€.€."ñBñ׃×ñBññBñ׃×ñBñÝ ƒ ÿÿÝòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð P ð Ðà ` àThe€law€governing€jury€charges€is€equally€applicable€to€responses€toÏquestions€submitted€by€the€jury€during€deliberations.€€The€trial€court€is€obliged€toÏgive€jury€instructions€that€fairly€and€accurately€set€forth€the€applicable€law€as€itÏapplies€to€the€facts€of€a€particular€case.€€òòState€v.€Stoddardóó,€909€S.W.2d€454,€460Ð °  Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€€Moreover,€the€court€may€decline€a€special€requestÏwhere€the€court's€jury€instruction€provides€a€complete€statement€of€the€law.€€òòId.óóÐ ð  Ð(citing€òòState€v.€Middlebrooksóó,€840€S.W.2d€317,€335€(Tenn.€1992).€€In€òòState€v.Ð à€ ÐCassandra€Mathis,€Mattie€Lue€Drake€and€Amanda€Drakeóó,€this€Court€held€that€itÐ Ðp Ðis€permissible€for€trial€courts€to€employ€appellate€opinions€when€formulating€juryÏcharges.€€C.C.A.€No.€87„11„III,€slip.€op.€1,€7,€Williamson€County€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.,€Nashville,€March€18,€1988).€€The€statutory€definition€of€"public€place"€is€notÏmarkedly€different€from€this€Court's€explication€of€that€term€in€the€òòLawsonóóÐ "0 Ðdecision.€€We€find€that€the€trial€court€did€not€err€in€explaining€to€the€jury€thisÏCourt's€holding€in€the€òòLawsonóó€decision.Ð p& ÐÌà@{ { ®àò òB.€€IMPROPER€COMMENT€ON€THE€EVIDENCEó óˆÐ P*ð " Ðà ` àIn€addition€to€the€written€submission,€the€following€colloquy€took€placeÏbetween€the€court€and€a€concerned€juror:ÓÓÌÌà8 ` àà0¸ ` ü!` ü!àJUROR:€€My€other€question€concerns€having€a€designatedÏdriver.€€If€one€is€under€the€influence€and€he€ask€[sic]€someoneÐ (1È') Ðto€drive,€because€they€feel€they're€not€able€to.€€And€we€hearÏso€much€about€this€in€the€media€and€so€if€you€have€aÏdesignated€driver€and€let's€just€say€I'm€sitting€somewhere€inÏthe€car€and€you€know,€half€out€of€this€world,€so€I've€gotÏsomeone€driving€for€me.Ð ¸ ü!¸ ü! Ðà8 ` àà0¸ ` ü!` ü!àTHE€COURT:€€And€they€mess€up€and€you€end€up€in€a€publicÏplace€in€an€intoxicated€stage€[sic],€you€may€run€the€risk€there.Ð ¸ ü!¸ ü! Ðà8 ` àà0¸ ` ü!` ü!àJUROR:€€So€am€I€harming€other€people€and€properties?€€HowÏam€I€going€to€get€home€from€the€bar?€€If€I€get€in€the€car€andÏdrive€down€the€road€I€really€am€in€trouble.Ð ¸ ü!¸ ü! ÐÓÓÌThe€court€responded:ÓÓÌÌà8 ` àà0¸ ` ü!` ü!àThis€is€something€for€you€to€decide€as€to€whether€or€not€thisÏindividual€was€truly€in€danger€of€harming€himself€or€others.€ÏThe€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€says€if€the€explanation€hasÏbeen€raised€that€a€person€might€walk€down€the€road€and€getÏhit€by€a€car€if€they€were€left€in€this€situation.€€They've€said€ñ8ññBñœñBññ8ñthatÏthatñ8ññBñ›ñBññ8ñ€does€comply€with€a€requirement,€at€least,€a€minimumÏrequirement€that€would€support€a€jury's€finding€that€the€personÏwas€possibly€in€danger€of€harming€himself€or€others,€but€thisÏis€one€of.€.€.€those€common€sense€things€that€you€all€areÏgoing€to€have€to€apply€to€the€facts€in€this€case.€.€.€.Ð ¸ ü!¸ ü! ÐÓÓÌDefense€counsel€lodged€an€objection€to€the€court's€discussion€of€the€TennesseeÏSupreme€Court€case.€Ìà ` àTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„310€provides€in€part:ÓÓÌÌà8 ` àà0¸ ` ü!` ü!à(a)€A€person€commits€the€offense€of€public€intoxication€whoÏappears€in€a€public€place€under€the€influence€of€a€controlledÏsubstance€or€any€other€intoxicating€substance€to€the€degreeÏthat:Ð ¸ ü!¸ ü! Ðà8 ` àà0¸ ` ü!` ü!à(1)€The€offender€may€be€endangered;Ð ¸ ü!¸ ü! Ðà8 ` àà0¸ ` ü!` ü!à(2)€There€is€endangerment€to€other€persons€or€property;€orÐ ¸ ü!¸ ü! Ðà8 ` àà0¸ ` ü!` ü!à(3)€The€offender€unreasonably€annoys€people€in€the€vicinity.Ð ¸ ü!¸ ü! ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„310(a).ÓÓÌà ` àAppellant€complains€that€the€court's€final€response€constituted€improperÏcomment€on€the€evidence.€€We€agree.Ìà ` àArticle€6,€ðð€9€of€the€Tennessee€Constitution€prohibits€trial€judges€fromÏcommenting€on€the€evidence€of€the€case.€€That€section€provides,€"The€JudgesÏshall€not€charge€juries€with€respect€to€matters€of€fact,€but€state€the€testimony€andÐ Ø8x/1 Ðdeclare€the€law."€€Tenn.€Const.€art.€6,€ðð€9.€€In€òòState€v.€Suttlesóó,€the€TennesseeÐ `  ÐSupreme€Court€cautioned,€"In€all€cases€the€trial€judge€must€be€very€careful€notÏto€give€the€jury€any€impression€as€to€his€feelings€or€to€make€any€statement€whichÏmight€reflect€upon€the€weight€or€credibility€of€evidence€or€which€might€sway€theÏjury."€€767€S.W.2d€403,€406„07€(Tenn.€1989).€€Our€supreme€court€has€alsoÏadmonished,€"The€trial€judge€should€always€be€extremely€careful€not€to€expressÏor€intimate€any€opinion€on€any€fact€to€be€passed€upon€by€the€jury."€€òòGraham€v.Ð    ÐMcReynoldsóó,€18€S.W.€272,€275€(Tenn.€1891).Ð ð  Ðà ` àIn€this€case€the€efficacy€of€ñCñœñCñthñDññ8ñ€ñ8ññDñeñEñ€ñEññFñ›ñFñpublic€intoxication€charge€turned€on€whetherÏAppellant€posed€a€danger€to€himself€or€others.€€While€the€trial€court€correctly€toldÏthe€jury€during€the€ñFñcollequyñFññFñcolloquyñFñ€that€they€must€decide€whether€the€defendant€was€aÏdanger€to€himself€or€others,€the€judge€went€further€and€offered€an€example€ofÏsuch€a€situation,€a€fact€hypothetical€very€similar€to€the€instant€case€as€permittingÏa€finding€that€the€defendant€was€a€danger€to€himself.€€this€is€in€impermissibleÏcomment€on€the€evidence€that€we€cannot€say€is€harmless€under€theÏcircumstances€of€this€case.ÌÌà ` àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€finding€Appellant€guilty€of€public€intoxicationÏis€reversed€and€remanded€for€a€new€trial.ñ:ññ8ñÔ#†XƒsX X X(#Ôñ8ññ:ññ;ññ8ñÔ#†Š"1ŠXXƒsÓ #Ôñ8ññ;ñÌñ@ñÌà ` àà ` àà ` àà ` àà ` àÌÌÌÌñ@ñÓ  Óñ@ñà ` àÌÌñ@ñÌÓÓà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à____________________________________Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àJERRY€L.€SMITH,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌñAñÌÌÌÌÌÐ Ð9p02 ÐñAñCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌPAUL€G.€SUMMERS,€JUDGEÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌDAVID€G.€HAYES,€JUDGE