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A ]"AºQ%ƒx¾8{}ª;'rdMoƒyØ"? /â(ŸôÞß¼_ë†f9€]°Ž)†üèìù]à¡…–ù!=æ«UåQÎ@ÒaV‚ØOí!Ìd![ÒücÑo‹Vg=§Ï7 <² ôs…N±p|k‘VÐAUËqûΈC¸Žð~l_;9}„kµgý3o + N¢<ƒ_éǼß`IêîÙ»Š v}nŸŒ5G9ð<Ãsã]K(Ý ºàù”ß *ýê§O:7"V…p+>0Z «ÈÏ®ˆe»ðû|":Z+TÛ{£„þ¬ÛóU\ᦨŒæá ­mEò0ËgÔé&¤—]™XW}#h 7ñ\#5¦gÓ¿ÃIˆ7ɹ ¾rb’Ël Ù~=”½:H²+Ÿ©àZ‘•ÝG'z`ÆnŒT7ìpµ:ª…Ð=ì@ÛÆàÈ“Æ÷Dîλú0~ÆPP”$8š9¦õ3h/ã“él²œùîþiÒŠ¿—0‹kðZKÿ²µ¼ÙÅ.…M<›Çoæäb#É\ %% UN+ 0ˆy U'N ^ O w[ z_ ÒÙ 4« ¿ Î mÐ Æç Æ­ ÆsÆ91ÿN0 0D2[vEÑU@ÓU>nQÞ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿b 0륥¥¥ B 0¤­ D5Q D-† 0K³³ ASþÆQ 0¤ 0D» A«ÿ˜\\IB01S02\CLERKJACÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0»(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman Regular(`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman RegularùyZ1Ï  ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt ~‰/ê:i¢×+003|x ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 'Ý ƒR9,$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô«4ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€€Although€the€trial€courtððs€actual€instructions€to€the€jury€were€not€transcribed,€the€typewritten€jury€instructionsÐ ° Ðincluded€in€the€record€reflect€that€the€court€instructed€the€jury€that€the€essential€elements€of€kidnapping€were:€Ô‡ô] òòô«4Ô€ð ð(1)€thatÐ qÁ Ðthe€defendant€removed€or€confined€another€unlawfully€so€as€to€interfere€substantially€with€the€otherððs€liberty;€and€(2)Ð 2‚ Ðthat€the€removal€or€confinement€was€under€circumstances€that€exposed€the€other€to€substantial€risk€of€bodily€injury;€andÐ óC Ð(3)€that€the€defendant€acted€knowingly.ððÔ#†ô«4òòô] |#Ô(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó QÝ ƒR9,$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô«4ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€The€long€delay€between€the€indictment€and€trial€was€caused,€in€part,€by€the€fact€that€the€defendant€failed€toÐ ° Ðappear€at€an€October€2001€trial€date€and€was€not€rearrested€until€December€2002.(ÈhH  Z‹(Times New Roman ô\  `‹&Times New Roman BeasleyVonjaWhitehavenBlakely P.J.HagermanMcCuskerHudginsKedzieHennesseyPappasBolinu]nderw]here LeggApprendi V.T.LathamVaughn ÔÝ ƒR9,$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô«4ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔIt€is€the€policy€of€this€court€to€refer€to€victims€of€sexual€assault€by€initials€only.- ù-(|G29,$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€a»»dXXdé8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô·ìò»»Ô d(|3À¨$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€a»»dXXdé8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV)ÿÿ!dxdx)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3À¨$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€a»»dXXdé8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€‡á»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼‡á»»»ÔÑ8€ÚÿXXdé»»d8Ñà@hhìàÔ‡îh®î»¼‡áÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@òò%ìàAT€JACKSONÔ#†¼‡á»îîh® #ԈРÓ# ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àSeptember€14,€2004€SessionÐ öF ÐÔ‡XÚÿX»¼‡áÔÌò òÔ#†¼‡á»XXÚÿ#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóó€v.€ERIC€MATTHEWSÔ‡XÚÿX»¼‡áÔó óÐ ï? ÐÌà@@½½ìàò ò€Appeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Shelby€CountyÐ é 9 Ðà@@øøìàNo.€00„05029€€€€€€James€C.€Beasley,€Jr.,€JudgeÐ Ó # ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<` AßÐ ‘á  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€W2004„00274„CCA„R3„CD€€„€Filed€October€25,€2004Ð ŠÚ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<]` AßÐ ^®  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€defendant,€Eric€Matthews,€was€charged€by€the€Shelby€County€Grand€Jury€in€two€separateÐ V¦  Ðindictments€with€especially€aggravated€Ô_ÔkidnappingÔ_Ô,€a€Class€A€felony,€aggravated€Ô_ÔkidnappingÔ_Ô,€a€ClassÐ ? ÐB€felony,€and€two€counts€of€aggravated€rape,€a€Class€B€felony,€based€on€events€involving€the€victim,Ð (x ÐV.T.,׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€that€occurred€on€August€14,€1999,€in€the€Whitehaven€area€of€Memphis.€€Following€his€2003Ð a Ðtrial,׃Q×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€he€was€acquitted€of€the€rape€counts€and€convicted€in€both€the€especially€aggravated€andÐ úJ Ðaggravated€Ô_ÔkidnappingÔ_Ô€counts€of€the€lesser„included€charge€of€Ô_ÔkidnappingÔ_Ô,€a€Class€C€felony.€Ð ã3 ÐApplying€four€enhancement€and€no€mitigating€factors,€the€trial€court€sentenced€the€defendant€as€aÐ Ì ÐRange€I,€standard€offender€to€concurrent€terms€of€five€years€in€the€county€workhouse.€€In€a€timelyÐ µ Ðappeal€to€this€court,€the€defendant€challenges€both€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€and€the€sentencingÐ žî Ðimposed.€€Based€on€our€review€of€the€record€and€applicable€law,€we€conclude€that€the€evidence€isÐ ‡× Ðsufficient€to€sustain€the€convictions€but€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€failing€to€merge€the€Ô_ÔkidnappingÔ_ÔÐ pÀ Ðconvictions€into€a€single€judgment€of€conviction.€€We€further€conclude€that€three€of€the€fourÐ Y© Ðenhancement€factors€were€applied€in€error€underÔ‡X1Ž XXXÚÿÔ€the€United€States€Supreme€Courtððs€recent€decisionÐ B’ Ðin€òòBlakely€v.€Washingtonóó,€542€U.S.€___,€124€S.€Ct.€2531€(2004),Ô#†XÚÿX XX1Ž #ÔÔ#†¼‡á»XXÚÿ…#ÔÔ‡XÚÿX»¼‡áÔ€which€was€released€after€theÐ +{ Ðsentencing€was€imposed€in€this€case.€€Accordingly,€we€affirm€the€convictions,€but€order€that€theyÐ d Ðbe€merged€into€a€single€conviction€and€modify€the€sentence€imposed€from€five€to€four€years,€to€beÐ ýM Ðserved€in€the€county€workhouse.Ô#†¼‡á»XXÚÿƒ #ÔÔ‡XÚÿX»¼‡áÔÐ æ 6  ÐÓÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Criminal€Court€Affirmed€asÐ ¸"" ÐModifiedó óÐ ¢#ò# ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼‡á»àXÚÿ#ÔÔ‡XÚÿX.¼‡áÔAlan€E.€Glenn,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòGary€R.€Wade,€P.J.,óó€and€òòNormaÐ u%Å % ÐMcGee€Ogle,€J.óó,€joined.Ð ^&®!& ÐÌBrett€B.€Stein,€Memphis,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Eric€Matthews.Ð 0(€#( ÐÐ )i$)ý ÐÔ_ÔPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€J.€Ross€Dyer,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð ° ÐWilliam€L.€Gibbons,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Paul€Hagerman€and€Michael€McCusker,Ð ™é ÐAssistant€District€Attorneys€General,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ô#†¼‡á»XXÚÿ#ÔÔ‡XÚÿX»¼‡áԀР‚Ò ÐÓÔÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼‡á»XXÚÿš#ÔÔ‡XÚÿX»¼‡áÔÐ T¤ ÐòòóóÔ#†¼‡á»XXÚÿ"#ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XÚÿX»¼‡áÔÌòòóóà@¥¥(ìàò òòòFACTSˆÐ ' w Ðà@ìì*ìàˆÌÓ  ÓStateððs€Proofà@@ìì*ìàÐ û K ÐÌÓøÓà  àóóó óMemphis€Police€Officer€Josephine€Denise€Jones€testified€she€went€to€5400€Hudgins€Street,Ð Ï   Ðthe€site€of€an€apartment€complex€in€Whitehaven,€at€approximately€6:00€a.m.€on€August€14,€1999,Ð ¸  Ðin€response€to€an€eyewitness€report€of€an€African„American€male€dragging€a€half„nude€female€intoÐ ¡ñ  Ðan€abandoned€apartment.€€When€she€exited€her€patrol€car,€she€saw€the€victim,€who€was€naked€fromÐ ŠÚ  Ðthe€waist€up,€run€from€an€apartment€building€toward€her€screaming€for€help€and€an€African„Ð sà  ÐAmerican€male€flee€from€the€building.€€Officer€Jones€testified€a€second€officer€pursued€and€capturedÐ \¬  Ðthe€suspect,€while€she€remained€with€the€victim€to€conduct€her€preliminary€investigation.€€Ð E• ÐÌà  àLinda€Davis€testified€she€lived€on€the€ground€floor€of€a€four€unit€apartment€building€locatedÐ g Ðat€5493€Hudgins€in€Whitehaven,€in€which€the€two€upstairs€units€had€been€occupied€on€August€14,Ð P Ð1999,€but€the€other€downstairs€unit,€located€across€the€hall€from€her€apartment,€had€been€vacant.€Ð é9 ÐShe€said€she€was€visiting€with€a€friend€in€her€apartment€very€early€that€morning€when€she€heard€theÐ Ò" Ðapartment€buildingððs€common€doors€slam€shut€and€a€man€say,€ð ðCome€back€here.ðð€€Curious€becauseÐ »  Ðshe€had€not€heard€the€sound€of€footsteps€on€the€stairs,€she€looked€out€her€living€room€window€andÐ ¤ô Ðsaw€clothing€on€the€ground€below.€€As€she€was€joking€about€the€sight€with€her€friend,€she€heard€aÐ Ý Ðwoman€scream,€looked€out€her€back€door,€and€saw€two€naked€men€carrying€a€naked€woman€into€theÐ vÆ Ðnext€apartment€building.Ð _¯ ÐÌà  àDavis€testified€that€fifteen€to€twenty€minutes€later€she€saw€the€taller€of€the€two€naked€menÐ 1 Ðreturn€to€her€building,€enter€the€vacant€apartment,€come€out€dressed,€and€run€off.€€Next,€the€secondÐ j Ðman,€whom€she€recognized€from€the€neighborhood€and€later€identified€as€the€defendant,€went€intoÐ  S Ðthe€same€apartment,€came€out€dressed,€gathered€the€clothing€from€the€ground€outside,€and€returnedÐ ì < Ðto€the€building€next€door.€€Davis€testified€she€was€initially€unsure€whether€to€call€the€police,€butÐ Õ!%  Ðtwenty„five€to€thirty€minutes€after€the€men€carried€the€woman€into€the€building,€she€called€9„1„1€andÐ ¾"! Ðreported€the€incident.€€She€made€a€positive€courtroom€identification€of€the€defendant€and€identifiedÐ §#÷" Ðthe€audiotape€of€her€9„1„1€call,€which€was€played€before€the€jury€and€admitted€as€an€exhibit.€€DavisÐ $à# Ðacknowledged€she€heard€nothing€unusual€and€was€unaware€of€anyone€in€the€abandoned€apartmentÐ y%É $ Ðuntil€she€heard€the€doors€to€her€apartment€building€slam€shut€that€morning.€Ð b&²!% ÐÌà  àMemphis€Police€Officer€Kedzie€White€testified€he€was€dispatched€to€the€Presidential€WestÐ 4(„#' ÐApartments€in€Whitehaven€on€the€morning€of€August€14,€1999,€in€response€to€a€9„1„1€call€that€twoÐ )m$( Ðyoung€men€were€dragging€a€naked€woman€into€a€vacant€apartment.€€When€he€arrived,€the€victim,Ð *V%) Ðwho€was€naked€and€obviously€distraught,€ran€up€to€him€from€an€apartment,€reported€what€hadÐ ï*?&* Ðhappened,€and€pointed€to€the€defendant.€€Officer€White€testified€the€defendant€ducked€between€theÐ Ø+('+ Ðbuildings€and€fled€when€the€victim€pointed€him€out,€but€White€and€two€fellow€officers€managed€toÐ ° Ðcapture€him€in€an€abandoned€apartment€minutes€later.€€€Ð ™é ÐÌà  àThe€victim€testified€she€and€a€friend,€Vanessa€Williams,€were€visiting€Williamsðð€boyfriendÐ k» Ðat€his€house€in€Whitehaven€on€the€evening€of€August€13,€1999,€but€left€at€about€11:30€or€midnightÐ T¤ Ðafter€he€and€Williams€got€into€a€fight.€€She€said€she€and€Williams€were€walking€toward€their€homesÐ =  Ðin€South€Memphis€when€two€African„American€men€she€did€not€know€pulled€up€beside€them€in€aÐ & v Ðcar€and€offered€a€ride.€€Williams€spoke€to€the€driver,€whom€the€victim€later€identified€as€theÐ  _ Ðdefendant,€and€then€called€to€the€victim€that€they€had€a€ride.€€She€and€Williams€then€got€into€theÐ ø H Ðvehicleððs€backseat€and€the€defendant€began€driving.€€She€soon€noticed,€however,€that€he€was€headedÐ á 1  Ðin€the€wrong€direction.€€When€she€pointed€it€out,€the€defendantððs€companion€in€the€front€passengerÐ Ê   Ðseat€showed€her€a€gun€and€one€of€the€men€said,€ð ðBitch,€shut€up,€you„all€fixing€to€go€take€care€of€us.ðð€Ð ³  ÐÌà  àThe€victim€testified€she€cried€and€begged€the€men€to€take€her€home,€but€they€instead€pulledÐ …Õ  Ðin€front€of€some€apartment€buildings€and€forced€her€and€Williams€at€gunpoint€into€a€vacantÐ n¾  Ðapartment.€€She€said€some€young€men€in€the€next€apartment,€who€were€obviously€friends€of€theÐ W§  Ðdefendant,€came€to€the€apartment€door,€got€something€from€the€defendant,€and€asked€to€be€let€in€butÐ @ Ðwere€turned€away.€€Next,€the€defendantððs€companion€took€Williams€to€the€back€room€and€raped€her,Ð )y Ðwhile€the€defendant€kept€her€with€him€in€the€living€room,€forced€her€to€remove€her€clothes,€andÐ b Ðrepeatedly€raped€her,€both€orally€and€vaginally.€€The€victim€testified€that€one€of€the€defendantððsÐ ûK Ðfriends€tapped€on€the€living€room€window€as€the€defendant€was€raping€her,€but€the€defendant€ignoredÐ ä4 Ðhim.Ð Í ÐÌà  àThe€victim€testified€that€as€the€defendant€forced€her€to€perform€oral€sex,€he€struck€her€on€theÐ Ÿï Ðside€of€the€head,€drank€alcohol€and€snorted€cocaine,€and€described€what€he€was€next€going€to€do€toÐ ˆØ Ðher.€€She€said€the€men€switched€at€one€point,€and€the€defendantððs€companion€raped€her€while€theÐ qÁ Ðdefendant€raped€Williams.€€At€a€later€point€when€the€defendant€was€bragging€to€her€about€how€toughÐ Zª Ðhe€was,€Williams€came€out€of€the€back€room,€pleaded€in€tears€to€be€turned€loose,€and€then€suddenlyÐ C“ Ðbolted€out€the€door.€€The€victim€stated€she€ran€out€behind€Williams,€coming€out€of€her€t„shirt€whenÐ ,| Ðone€of€the€men€grabbed€at€her€as€she€fled€out€the€door.€€She€testified€that€Williams€managed€toÐ e Ðescape€but€that€the€men€caught€up€with€her€after€a€block,€beat€her€when€she€refused€to€stopÐ þN Ðstruggling,€carried€her€into€the€bushes,€and€forced€her€to€perform€oral€sex€on€one€of€them€again.€€Ð ç 7 ÐThe€men€next€ordered€her€to€put€her€clothes€on€so€they€could€return€her€to€the€apartment,€but€whenÐ Ð!   Ðshe€pleaded€to€be€taken€anywhere€but€there,€fearing€she€would€be€killed€inside€the€apartment,€theyÐ ¹" ! Ðcarried€her€into€the€hallway€of€an€apartment€building,€where€they€again€took€turns€raping€her,€bothÐ ¢#ò" Ðvaginally€and€orally.€€Ð ‹$Û# ÐÌà  àThe€victim€testified€the€defendant€threatened€to€kill€her€if€she€came€out€of€the€hallway.€Ð ]&­!% ÐNonetheless,€when€she€saw€a€police€car€drive€by,€she€ran€toward€it,€screaming€for€help.€€TheÐ F'–"& Ðdefendant€and€his€companion€fled€at€that€point,€but€she€pointed€the€defendant€out€to€the€police€andÐ /(#' Ðidentified€him€again€when€he€was€brought€back€to€the€scene€in€a€patrol€car.€€The€victimÐ )h$( Ðacknowledged€she€did€not€see€a€gun€after€she€ran€out€of€the€vacant€apartment.€€She€insisted,Ð *Q%) Ðhowever,€that€she€remained€frightened€of€both€men€throughout€her€ordeal,€as€well€as€of€their€€friends,Ð ê*:&* Ðwho€appeared€to€her€to€want€to€participate€in€the€rape.€€The€victim€denied€she€drank€alcohol€or€usedÐ Ó+#'+ Ðcocaine€with€the€defendant,€heard€Williams€agree€for€them€to€have€sex€with€the€men€in€exchangeÐ ° Ðfor€money€or€drugs,€or€consented€to€intercourse€with€either€man.€€She€testified€she€never€felt€free€toÐ ™é Ðleave€the€apartment.Ð ‚Ò ÐÌà  àPat€Speck,€the€coordinator€of€nursing€services€at€the€Memphis€Sexual€Assault€ResourceÐ T¤ ÐCenter,€testified€a€general€forensic€exam€was€performed€on€the€victim€on€August€14,€1999.€€TheÐ =  Ðvictim€had€abrasions€on€her€right€hip€and€shoulder,€but€there€was€no€trauma€noted€on€her€genital€andÐ & v Ðanal€examinations.€€However,€Speck€testified€that€in€her€experience€as€a€forensic€nurse,€it€wasÐ  _ Ðuncommon€for€women€complaining€of€vaginal€rape€to€show€injuries€to€the€vaginal€area.Ð ø H ÐÌà@——$ìàò òòòDefense€Proofóóó óˆà p àÐ Ê   ÐÌà  àTwenty„four„year„old€Travis€Davis€testified€that€the€defendant€was€his€cousin.€€He€said€heÐ í  Ðand€a€friend,€Barry€Singleton,€were€drinking€beer€outside€the€Presidential€West€Apartments€atÐ †Ö  Ðapproximately€4:00€or€5:00€a.m.€on€August€14,€1999,€when€the€defendant€and€Desmond€Fraser,€aÐ o¿  Ðfriend€from€the€neighborhood,€accompanied€by€two€African„American€women,€pulled€up€in€frontÐ X¨  Ðof€the€apartment€buildings€in€a€small€hatchback€car,€exited€the€vehicle,€paired€up,€and€walkedÐ A‘ Ðlaughing,€talking,€and€drinking€into€an€empty€apartment€inside€the€building.€€Davis€testified€theÐ *z Ðwomen€walked€willingly€into€the€apartment.€€He€said€he€did€not€see€any€weapon.Ð c ÐÌà  àDavis€testified€he€and€Singleton€finished€their€beer€and€then€looked€in€the€living€roomÐ å5 Ðwindow€of€the€apartment,€where€they€saw€the€defendant€and€his€friend€having€sex€with€the€women.€Ð Î ÐThey€next€went€to€the€apartmentððs€door,€knocked,€and€asked€the€defendant€to€give€them€his€car€keysÐ · Ðso€they€could€listen€to€the€radio.€€Davis€said€that€after€sitting€in€the€car€and€listening€to€the€radio€forÐ  ð Ða€while,€he€gave€the€car€keys€to€Singleton€with€instructions€to€return€them€to€the€defendant€and€left.€Ð ‰Ù ÐHe€acknowledged€he€and€Singleton€drank€and€smoked€marijuana€with€the€defendant€and€Fraser€inÐ r Ðthe€empty€apartment€before€the€defendant€and€Fraser€left€to€get€the€women,€but€denied€it€was€everÐ [« Ðhis€intention€to€join€the€defendant€and€Fraser€in€having€sex€with€the€women.€€€Ð D” ÐÌà  àEighteen„year„old€Barry€Singleton€testified€he,€Davis,€the€defendant,€and€ð ðDesmondðð€rodeÐ f Ðaround€in€the€defendantððs€uncleððs€car€until€the€defendant€and€Desmond€let€him€and€Davis€out€andÐ ÿO Ðwent€to€get€some€girls.€€He€said€that€about€an€hour€later,€he€and€Davis€were€ð ðchillingðð€outside€theÐ è 8 ÐPresidential€West€Apartments€when€the€defendant€and€Desmond€returned€with€two€women,€got€outÐ Ñ!!  Ðof€the€car,€and€walked€with€them,€ð ðcoupled€up€drinking,ðð€ð ðlaughing€and€jokingðð€into€a€vacantÐ º" ! Ðapartment€in€the€building.€€Davis€testified€he€and€Singleton€looked€through€the€window€and€saw€bothÐ £#ó" Ðcouples€having€sex€in€the€living€room.€€Afterwards,€Davis€went€and€got€the€defendantððs€car€keys,Ð Œ$Ü# Ðand€he€and€Davis€sat€in€the€car€and€listened€to€the€radio€for€a€few€minutes,€until€someone€came€withÐ u%Å $ Ða€message€from€Singletonððs€mother€that€she€was€looking€for€him.€€Singleton€testified€he€left€at€thatÐ ^&®!% Ðpoint€and€did€not€return.€€He€denied€there€was€any€plan€for€the€defendant€to€bring€the€women€backÐ G'—"& Ðfor€all€four€of€them.€€He€further€denied€he€drank€alcohol,€used€drugs,€or€was€in€the€vacant€apartmentÐ 0(€#' Ðthat€night.Ð )i$( ÐÌà  àThe€twenty„eight„year„old€defendant€testified€he,€Singleton,€Davis,€and€ð ðDesmondðð€met€upÐ ë*;&* Ðat€about€11:30€p.m.€or€12:00€a.m.€on€August€13„14,€1999,€and€rode€around€drinking€beer€in€hisÐ Ô+$'+ Ðcousinððs€car€until€approximately€12:30€or€1:00€a.m.,€when€he€and€Desmond€agreed€to€go€get€someÐ ° Ðgirls.€€€After€dropping€the€others€off€outside€the€Presidential€West€Apartments,€he€and€DesmondÐ ™é Ðdrove€to€South€Memphis€and€began€ð ðriding€the€whore€track.ðð€€When€he€spotted€two€women€on€Ð ‚Ò ÐLatham€and€Vaughn,€he€pulled€up,€told€the€women€that€they€were€ð ðtrying€to€kick€it€for€the€night,ððÐ k» Ðmeaning€they€wanted€to€pay€the€women€for€sexual€intercourse,€and€that€they€had€$10€and€beer.€€Ð T¤ ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€testified€one€of€the€women€responded€by€saying€ð ðcool,ðð€and€both€women€gotÐ & v Ðinto€the€backseat.€€He€said€that€on€the€drive€back€to€Whitehaven,€he€stopped€at€a€house€the€victimÐ  _ Ðpointed€out,€where€she€used€the€$10€he€had€given€her€to€buy€some€crack€cocaine,€and€at€a€liquorÐ ø H Ðstore€where€he€bought€a€half„pint€of€€ð ðHennessey.ðð€€Upon€their€arrival€at€the€apartment€building,€heÐ á 1  Ðtold€Davis€that€he€and€Desmond€were€going€to€ð ðkick€it€for€a€whileðð€and€that€Davis€and€SingletonÐ Ê   Ðshould€wait€for€them€outside.€€The€defendant€and€Desmond€then€went€into€the€vacant€apartment€withÐ ³  Ðthe€women.€€The€defendant€testified€the€women€went€willingly;€neither€he€nor€Desmond€had€orÐ œì  Ðdisplayed€a€gun.€€€€Ð …Õ  ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€testified€he,€Desmond,€and€the€women€smoked€cigarettes€and€drank€alcoholÐ W§  Ðin€the€living€room€for€a€while.€€Afterwards,€Desmond€took€the€victimððs€friend€into€the€back€roomÐ @ Ðfor€sex,€while€he€remained€in€the€living€room€to€have€sex€with€the€victim.€€He€said€the€victim€wasÐ )y Ðperforming€oral€sex€on€him€when€Davis€and€Singleton€tapped€on€the€window,€laughing€and€pointing,Ð b Ðand€then€came€to€the€door€to€get€his€car€keys.€€After€he€had€handed€the€keys€over,€the€victim€resumedÐ ûK Ðperforming€oral€sex€on€him€until€she€complained€that€her€jaw€was€tired.€€He€then€smoked€a€cigaretteÐ ä4 Ðwhile€the€victim€smoked€crack€cocaine.€€About€ten€minutes€later,€he€and€Desmond€switched€partnersÐ Í Ðfor€about€fifteen€minutes,€before€switching€back€to€their€original€partners.€€Ð ¶ ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€testified€the€victim€was€again€performing€oral€sex€on€him€when€her€friendÐ ˆØ Ðcame€out€of€the€back€room,€complained€she€needed€to€get€home€to€her€children,€and€suddenly€ranÐ qÁ Ðout,€despite€his€having€told€her€he€would€take€her€home€in€a€minute.€€He€said€the€victim€immediatelyÐ Zª Ðran€out€after€her,€followed€by€Desmond,€who€chased€the€women€all€the€way€down€the€street€beforeÐ C“ Ðcatching€the€victim€and€dragging€her€back€to€the€apartment.€€According€to€the€defendant,€he€wasÐ ,| Ðhalf„way€to€his€cousinððs€house,€having€decided€to€leave€when€Desmond€ran€after€the€women,€whenÐ e Ðhe€realized€he€had€left€his€identification€behind.€€By€the€time€he€returned,€Desmond€had€dragged€theÐ þN Ðvictim€into€the€apartment€hallway.€€He€testified€the€victim€was€in€the€hallway,€he€was€on€the€porch,Ð ç 7 Ðand€Desmond€was€around€the€corner€looking€for€his€identification,€which€he€too€had€left€behind,Ð Ð!   Ðwhen€the€police€arrived.€€At€that€point,€the€defendant€said€he€walked€around€the€corner€and€startedÐ ¹" ! Ðhome.Ð ¢#ò" ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€denied€he€ran€from€police.€€He€further€denied€he€took€part€in€chasing€theÐ t%Ä $ Ðvictim€or€dragging€her€back€to€the€apartment,€but€said€he€would€not€characterize€Desmondððs€actionsÐ ]&­!% Ðin€doing€so€as€ð ðkidnapping.ðð€€He€testified€he€thought€he€had€smoked€crack€cocaine€earlier€in€theÐ F'–"& Ðevening,€but€denied€having€smoked€any€with€the€victim.€€He€said€he€lied€in€his€original€statementÐ /(#' Ðto€police,€saying€that€no€one€else€was€involved€in€the€incident,€in€order€to€protect€his€companions,Ð )h$( Ðwho€had€not€been€caught.€€Finally,€he€emphatically€denied€that€he€and€Desmond€had€used€a€gun€toÐ *Q%) Ðâ âkidnap€the€women€and€bring€them€back€to€the€apartment€to€be€raped,€testifying:€€ð ðNo.€€You€donððtÐ ê*:&* Ðrape€a€crack€head.€€What€you€rape€a€crack€head€for?€€Piece€of€crack€sheððd€do€the€whole€courtroom.€Ð ° ÐWhat€you€got€to€rape€a€crack€head€for?€€Come€on€get€real.ððÐ ™é Ðâ âÌà  àWhen€asked€by€the€trial€court€to€make€an€election€with€respect€to€the€aggravated€rape€countsÐ k» Ðof€the€indictment,€the€State€chose€the€first€vaginal€rape€that€allegedly€occurred€in€the€living€room€ofÐ T¤ Ðthe€vacant€apartment€by€the€use€of€a€deadly€weapon,€and€the€latter€vaginal€rape€that€allegedlyÐ =  Ðoccurred€in€the€hallway€with€both€men€after€the€victim€had€been€captured€on€the€street€and€draggedÐ & v Ðback€to€the€apartment.€€After€deliberating,€the€jury€convicted€the€defendant€of€the€lesser„includedÐ  _ Ðoffense€of€kidnapping€in€both€the€aggravated€and€especially€aggravated€kidnapping€counts€of€theÐ ø H Ðindictment,€but€acquitted€him€of€both€counts€of€aggravated€rape.€€€€Ð á 1  ÐÌà@¢¢!ìàò òòòSentencing€Hearingóóó óˆÐ ³  ÐÌà  àThe€sole€evidence€introduced€at€the€defendantððs€sentencing€hearing€was€his€presentenceÐ †Ö  Ðreport,€which€reflected€three€prior€adult€misdemeanor€convictions€for€resisting€arrest,€disorderlyÐ o¿  Ðconduct,€and€the€possession,€manufacture,€or€sale€of€drugs.€€ò òó óThe€trial€court€applied€four€enhancementÐ X¨  Ðfactors:€€the€defendant€had€a€previous€history€of€criminal€convictions€or€criminal€behavior€inÐ A‘ Ðaddition€to€those€necessary€to€establish€the€range;€the€defendant€was€a€leader€in€the€commission€ofÐ *z Ðan€offense€involving€two€or€more€criminal€actors;€the€defendant€treated€or€allowed€the€victim€to€beÐ c Ðtreated€with€exceptional€cruelty€during€the€commission€of€the€offense;€€and€the€offense€involved€aÐ üL Ðvictim€and€was€committed€to€gratify€the€defendantððs€desire€for€pleasure€or€excitement.€€Tenn.€CodeÐ å5 ÐAnn.€ðð€40„35„114(2),€(3),€(6),€(8)€(2003).€€Ð Î ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€based€the€application€of€enhancement€factor€(2)€on€the€defendantððs€criminalÐ  ð Ðrecord€and€testimony€he€had€used€cocaine;€enhancement€factor€(3)€on€evidence€that€a€codefendantÐ ‰Ù Ðhad€been€involved€in€the€incident,€which€had€also€involved€separate€victims;€enhancement€factor€(6)Ð r Ðòòóóon€evidenceòòóó€that€the€victim€was€subjected€over€the€course€of€the€long€ordeal€to€ð ðseveral€differentÐ [« Ðsexual€advancesðð€by€the€defendant,€was€threatened€and€intimidated€by€him,€was€beaten,€kicked,€andÐ D” Ðmade€to€perform€oral€sex€in€the€bushes,€and€was€dragged€back€to€the€hallway€for€sexual€intercourseÐ -} Ðwith€both€men€again;€and€enhancement€factor€(8)€on€evidence€that€the€intercourse€took€place€overÐ f Ðseveral€hours€in€multiple€locations€with€both€men,€involved€multiple€sex€acts,€and€occurred,€in€part,Ð ÿO Ðwhile€the€defendant€was€snorting€cocaine,€drinking€cognac,€and€boasting€to€the€victim€about€hisÐ è 8 Ðð ðmanhood.ðð€€Ð Ñ!!  ÐÌà  àWhen€defense€counsel€questioned€the€trial€courtððs€application€of€the€latter€enhancementÐ £#ó" Ðfactors€in€light€of€the€fact€that€the€jury€had€acquitted€the€defendant€of€the€rape€and€aggravatedÐ Œ$Ü# Ðkidnapping€charges,€the€trial€court€responded:€Ð u%Å $ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àTHE€COURT:€€Well,€I€think€itððs€my€ruling,€[defense€counsel],Ð G'—"& Ðwas€that€if€I€accepted€€[the€defendantððs]€version,€apparently,€the€juryÐ 0(€#' Ðaccepted€[the€defendantððs]€version,€that€this€is€a€contractualÐ )i$( Ðagreement€between€[the€€victim]€and€[the€defendant],€and€in€myÐ *R%) Ðopinion,€he€abused€the€contractual€agreement€and€went€way€aboveÐ ë*;&* Ðand€beyond€whatever€the€contractual€agreement€was€in€the€way€thatÐ Ô+$'+ Ðhe€mistreated€her€and€the€way€that€he€behaved€with€regard€to€her,€andÐ ° Ðmy€opinion€justifies€the€sentence€ð!ð€Ð™é` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ à[DEFENSE€COUNSEL]:€€Very€well,€Your€Honor.€Ðk»` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àTHE€COURT:€€„„€not€the€fact€that€he€forcefully€had€sexÐ =  Ðagainst€her,€but€because€the€jury€has€already€ruled€on€that,€but€the€factÐ & v Ðof€the€kidnapping€with€the€way€in€which€she€was€detained,€draggedÐ  _ Ðback€under€the€circumstances€and€further€the€fact€that€theÐ ø H Ðgratification€was€the€changing€of€partners€back€and€forth,€in€and€out,Ð á 1  Ðhaving€sex€with€her€in€three€or€four€different€locations€over€aÐ Ê   Ðmultiple„hour€period€of€time,€those€are€the€things€the€CourtððsÐ ³  Ðconsidering.Мì ` x` x ÐÌà  àFinding€no€applicable€mitigating€factors,€the€trial€court€enhanced€the€defendantððs€sentencesÐ n¾  Ðfrom€the€presumptive€minimum€of€three€years€to€five€years,€based€on€the€above€four€enhancementÐ W§  Ðfactors,€and€ordered€that€the€sentences€be€served€concurrently€in€the€county€workhouse.€Ð @ ÐÌà@ôô&ìàò òòòANALYSISóóó óˆÐ b ÐÌà@øøìàò òI.€€Sufficiency€of€the€EvidenceˆÐ å5 ÐÌó óà  àAs€his€first€issue,€the€defendant€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€in€support€of€hisÐ ¹  Ðkidnapping€convictions.€€When€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€is€challenged,€the€relevant€questionÐ ¢ò Ðfor€this€court€is€ð ðwhether,€after€viewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€prosecution,Ð ‹Û Ðòòanyóó€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonableÐ tÄ Ðdoubt.ðð€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319,€99€S.€Ct.€2781,€2789,€61€L.€Ed.€2d€560,€573€(1979);Ð ]­ Ðòòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Evansóó,€838€S.W.2d€185,€190„92€(Tenn.€1992);€òòState€v.€Andersonóó,€835€S.W.2d€600,Ð F– Ð604€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992)òòóó;€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e)€(ð ðFindings€of€guilt€in€criminal€actions€whetherÐ / Ðby€the€trial€court€or€jury€shall€be€set€aside€if€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€findings€byÐ h Ðthe€trier€of€fact€of€guilt€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.ðð).€€All€questions€involving€the€credibility€ofÐ  Q Ðwitnesses,€the€weight€and€value€to€be€given€the€evidence,€and€all€factual€issues€are€resolved€by€theÐ ê : Ðtrier€of€fact.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Pappasóó,€754€S.W.2d€620,€623€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987)òòóó.€€ð ðA€guilty€verdictÐ Ó!#  Ðby€the€jury,€approved€by€the€trial€judge,€accredits€the€testimony€of€the€witnesses€for€the€State€andÐ ¼" ! Ðresolves€all€conflicts€in€favor€of€the€theory€of€the€State.ðð€€òòState€v.€Graceóó,€493€S.W.2d€474,€476Ð ¥#õ" Ð(Tenn.€1973).€€Our€supreme€court€stated€the€rationale€for€this€rule:Ð Ž$Þ# ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àThis€well„settled€rule€rests€on€a€sound€foundation.€€The€trialÐ `&°!% Ðjudge€and€the€jury€see€the€witnesses€face€to€face,€hear€their€testimonyÐ I'™"& Ðand€observe€their€demeanor€on€the€stand.€€Thus€the€trial€judge€andÐ 2(‚#' Ðjury€are€the€primary€instrumentality€of€justice€to€determine€the€weightÐ )k$( Ðand€credibility€to€be€given€to€the€testimony€of€witnesses.€€In€the€trialÐ *T%) Ðforum€alone€is€there€human€atmosphere€and€the€totality€of€theÐ í*=&* Ðevidence€cannot€be€reproduced€with€a€written€record€in€this€Court.ÐÖ+&'+` x` x ÐòòÌBolin€v.€Stateóó,€219€Tenn.€4,€11,€405€S.W.2d€768,€771€(1966)€(citing€òòCarroll€v.€Stateóó,€212€Tenn.€464,Ð ™é Ð370€S.W.2d€523€(1963)).€€A€jury€conviction€removes€the€presumption€of€innocence€with€which€aÐ ‚Ò Ðdefendant€is€initially€cloaked€and€replaces€it€with€one€of€guilt,€so€that€on€appeal,€a€convictedÐ k» Ðdefendant€has€the€burden€of€demonstrating€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639Ð T¤ ÐS.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).Ô‡X1Ž XXXÚÿÔÐ =  ÐÌà  àThe€defendantððs€only€argument€on€this€issue€consists€of€his€statement€that€Ô#†XÚÿX XX1Ž…v#Ôð ðbased€upon€theÐ  _ Ðalleged€victimððs€testimony,€a€rational€trier€of€fact€could€not€have€found€the€appellant€guilty€beyondÐ ø H Ða€reasonable€doubt.ðð€€The€State€argues€the€proof€presented€at€trial€was€sufficient€to€sustain€the€juryððsÐ á 1  Ðverdicts,€in€that€evidence€was€offered€that€the€defendant€unlawfully€confined€the€victim€so€as€toÐ Ê   Ðsubstantially€interfere€with€her€liberty€and€his€actions€exposed€her€to€substantial€risk€of€bodily€injuryÐ ³  Ðand/or€subjected€her€to€a€condition€of€involuntary€servitude.€€Ô‡X1Ž XXXÚÿÔÐ œì  ÐÌà  àKidnapping€occurs€when€a€person€ð ðknowingly€removes€or€confines€another€unlawfully€soÐ n¾  Ðas€to€interfere€substantially€with€the€otherððs€libertyðð€ð ð(1)€[u]nder€Ô#†XÚÿX XX1Ž‘y#ÔÔ‡X1Ž XXXÚÿÔò òó ócircumstances€exposing€the€otherÐ W§  Ðperson€to€substantial€risk€of€bodily€injury;€òòoróó€(2)€[w]here€the€confinement€of€another€is€in€a€conditionÐ @ Ðof€involuntary€servitude.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„13„302(a);€„303(a)€(1997)€(emphasis€added).€Ð )y ÐHowever,€in€this€case€the€trial€court€apparently€instructed€the€jury€only€as€to€the€alternateÐ b Ðð ðsubstantial€risk€of€bodily€injuryðð€portion€of€the€definition.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ׀РûK ÐÌà  àWe€conclude€that€a€rational€jury€could€have€found€the€elements€of€kidnapping€beyond€aÐ Í Ðreasonable€doubt€from€the€proof€presented€at€trial.€€Viewed€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€State,Ð ¶ Ðthe€evidence€established€that,€regardless€of€any€contractual€arrangement€the€defendant€may€have€hadÐ Ÿï Ðwith€the€victim€for€sexual€intercourse,€he€held€her€in€the€apartment€against€her€will€after€she€and€herÐ ˆØ Ðfriend€had€clearly€expressed€their€desire€to€leave,€chased€her€when€she€fled€the€apartment,€caughtÐ qÁ Ðher€a€block€away,€and€then€dragged€her€back€to€the€hallway,€where€he€prevented€her€from€leavingÐ Zª Ðuntil€the€arrival€of€the€police.€€The€defendantððs€actions€with€his€accomplice,€in€grabbing€at€the€victimÐ C“ Ðwhen€she€ran€from€the€door€and€dragging€her€down€the€street€back€to€the€apartment,€necessarilyÐ ,| Ðexposed€her€to€substantial€risk€of€bodily€injury,€and€the€proof€at€trial€showed€she€did,€in€fact,€sustainÐ e Ðbruising€to€her€shoulder€and€hip€during€the€ordeal.€€We,€therefore,€conclude€that€the€evidence€isÐ þN Ðsufficient€to€sustain€the€defendantððs€kidnapping€convictions.€Ð ç 7 ÐÌà  àAlthough€not€raised€by€either€party,€we€note€that€the€trial€court€failed€to€merge€theÐ ¹" ! Ðkidnapping€convictions,€in€spite€of€indicating€at€the€conclusion€of€trial€that€it€would€do€so.€€TheÐ ¢#ò" Ðrecord€reflects€that€the€especially€aggravated€kidnapping€count€of€the€indictment€alleged€theÐ ‹$Û# Ðdefendantððs€use€of€a€firearm€to€accomplish€the€kidnapping,€and€the€aggravated€kidnapping€countÐ t%Ä $ Ðalleged€he€committed€the€kidnapping€to€facilitate€the€felony€of€rape.€€Kidnapping€is€a€continuingÐ ]&­!% Ðoffense.€€òòState€v.€Leggóó,€9€S.W.3d€111,€117€(Tenn.€1999)€(ð ðSo€long€as€the€removal€or€confinementÐ ° Ðof€the€victim€lasts,€the€offense€of€false€imprisonment€continues.ðð)€€Notwithstanding€the€victimððsÐ ™é Ðattempt€to€escape,€the€defendantððs€actions€in€confining€the€victim€constituted€a€continuing€courseÐ ‚Ò Ðof€conduct€and,€as€such,€a€single€kidnapping€offense.€€Therefore,€the€trial€court€should€have€mergedÐ k» Ðthe€separate€convictions€into€a€single€judgment€of€conviction.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Billy€Harrisóó,€No.€W2003„Ð T¤ Ð01911„CCA„R3„CD,€2004€WL€1765532,€at€*7€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€Aug.€4,€2004)€(citations€omitted)Ð =  Ð(noting€that€a€merger€of€convictions€is€appropriate€in€order€to€protect€against€double€jeopardy€whenÐ & v Ðjury€convicts€a€defendant€under€alternate€theories€of€same€offense).Ð  _ ÐÌà@€€#ìàò òII.€€SentencingˆÐ á 1  ÐÌà  àó óThe€defendant€next€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€applying€enhancement€factors€basedÐ µ  Ðon€facts€alleged€in€the€more€serious€offenses€with€which€he€was€charged€rather€than€the€lesser„Ð žî  Ðincluded€offenses€of€which€he€was€found€guilty.€€The€State€responds€by€arguing€that€the€defendantÐ ‡×  Ðhas€waived€the€issue€by€including€only€a€generic€and€general€argument€in€his€brief.€€The€State€furtherÐ pÀ  Ðargues€that€all€four€enhancement€factors€were€supported€by€the€record€and€appropriately€applied€byÐ Y©  Ðthe€trial€court.€€However,€in€light€of€the€United€States€Supreme€Courtððs€recent€decision€in€òòÔ#†XÚÿX XX1ޝz#ÔBlakelyÐ B’ Ðv.€Washingtonóó,€542€U.S.€___,€124€S.€Ct.€2531€(2004)Ô‡X1Ž XXXÚÿÔ,€we€need€not€delve€into€the€specifics€of€theÐ +{ ÐStateððs€arguments€on€this€issue.€€Ô#†XÚÿX XX1ޤ‹#ÔÔ‡X1Ž XXXÚÿÔIn€òòBlakelyóó,€the€Court€applied€the€rule€earlier€announced€inÔ#†XÚÿX XX1ŽMŒ#Ô€òòApprendiÐ d Ðv.€New€Jerseyóó,€530€U.S.€466,€490,€120€S.€Ct.€2348,€147€L.€Ed.€2d€435€(2000),€to€conclude€that€aÐ ýM Ðcriminal€defendantððs€Sixth€Amendment€right€to€trial€by€jury€encompasses€the€right€to€have€the€jury,Ð æ6 Ðrather€than€the€judge,€determine€the€existence€of€any€sentence€enhancements€other€than€those€basedÐ Ï Ðon€facts€reflected€in€the€jury€verdict€or€admitted€by€the€defendant.òòóóÔ‡X1Ž XXXÚÿÔ€€Ô#†XÚÿX XX1ޤŽ#ÔòòÔ‡X1Ž XXXÚÿÔòòóóBlakelyóó,€542€U.S.€at€___,€124€S.Ð ¸ ÐCt.€at€2536„38.òòòòóóÔ#†XÚÿX XX1ŽëŽ#ÔóóÔ‡X1Ž XXXÚÿÔ€€Ð ¡ñ ÐÌà  àIn€this€case,€enhancement€factors€(3),€(6),€and€(8)€were€based€on€facts€that€were€neitherÐ sà Ðadmitted€by€the€defendant€nor€reflected€in€the€jury€verdicts.€€Thus,€we€conclude€that€the€onlyÐ \¬ Ðenhancement€factor€appropriately€applied€under€òòBlakelyóó€was€enhancement€factor€(2),€which€wasÐ E• Ðbased€on€the€defendantððs€prior€convictions€and€his€admission€at€trial€to€having€used€illegal€drugs.€Ð .~ ÐWe€further€conclude€that€the€presence€of€the€applicable€enhancement€factor,€combined€with€theÐ g Ðabsence€of€any€applicable€mitigating€factors,€justifies€an€enhanced€sentence€of€four€years.€€InÐ  P Ðaccordance€with€this€determination,€we€modify€the€defendantððs€five„year€sentence€to€four€years,€toÐ é 9 Ðbe€served€in€confinement€as€ordered€by€the€trial€court.€Ð Ò!"  ÐÌà@GG%ìàò òòòCONCLUSIONˆÐ ¤#ô" ÐÌóóó óà  àWe€conclude€the€evidence€is€sufficient€to€sustain€the€kidnapping€convictions,€but€that€theÐ x%È $ Ðtrial€court€erred€by€failing€to€merge€the€separate€convictions€into€a€single€judgment€of€conviction.Ð a&±!% ÐWe€further€conclude€that€because€three€of€the€four€enhancement€factors€were€inappropriatelyÐ J'š"& Ðapplied,€the€defendantððs€sentence€should€be€modified€to€four€years.€€Accordingly,€we€affirm€theÐ 3(ƒ#' Ðdefendantððs€conviction,€reduce€the€sentence€from€five€to€four€years,€and€remand€to€the€trial€court€forÐ )l$( Ðfurther€proceedings€consistent€with€this€opinion.€€Ô#†XÚÿX XX1ކ#ÔÐ *U%) ÐÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð ×+''+ Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àALAN€E.€GLENN,€JUDGE