ÿWPCÏ- v ÎA ¤j˜·gýãÀç~»]åpV7ûa™ïé’¨ØÜúس™ExgI¼(+2" :ë$N¸‘ëIh … ÜÚ:`GèÿðŠØâ#_$zá°Ц—ðXD¸ ßÏúu¨FJG$n‘OêU;ê¡ååˆêøpØ%E>÷Ê­Ûi¡;Õ‹à¹4\t*Ê’=&²ë5€…"qòs@Î#cn‡wLÓ)ôrO]f*þ'–üÊÒ̼Nš>¿E‡°é†>H×HJ,FŠÎ#ßþ>(úÎvMÛ‡¶¿Ç° äZ^î–¶〄A4ðµQÓ"¬ùO<)©$Ùæi9ì Øt%ÿ•{HC»i’|šÖvžýZÜ8æ¢á1õêÌ/8¦|d†À‚°ÅZ1€µ´ûÜpÌû7âŠ|e×Ù¯\ô†€ÿ×Db+ÌßÄhM6ñ‡UÅ•Ï#ØÈ‹aßžð2#5¹´¸¯_Ç^ßFÜ-¡Ò:(s õ <´ìSM ïCû[eB—E°Ýgð‡ Ñ)›t[Ýëë¹{Jd¨ðƒÌˆáö^»,pì…Í.FàCº½¢ŠR2ÖÓèu–çÒÊôP>Ü ðÙÑ•JZ LâiÈÇÇ€wUžÌ ›®•Qòï®Q° ú*#Š EÞib#Á\ % ^ # 0ˆ/ UN· w 4 z Ò— i x mz Ë‘ Æ\ Æ"ÆèÆ® 0 DtN¸ôºê®E˜ 1‡šU@!U!NaU@¯¯ÕïVÄS¨m 1u! 72Š!Š!3¼!¼!ï"÷"÷"²((((((bÄ(Ä(Ä(Ä(Ä(Ä(Ä(Ä(Ä(Ä(Ä(Ä(Ä(Ä(Ä(Ä(Ä(Ä(Ä(Ä(Ä(Ä(Ä(Ä(Ä(Ä(Ä(Ä(Ä(Ä(Ä(Ä(Ä(Ä(Ä(Ä( 0 ëÌ(Ì(Ì(Ì( B·)·) 0¤Ô) D3x* D-«* 0KØ*Ø* AS#+Æv+ 0¤<, 0Dà, A«$-˜HP LaserJet 8000 Series PSØÚØÚÚØØÚ0»iŠ^)â (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman RegularàN[)x˜¦tÑ¥ ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ ÁÝ ƒRö$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôò ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€Stateððs€proof€also€included€videotapes€of€the€defendant€selling€cocaine€to€the€informant€on€May€29,€1998;Ð ° ÐJune€12,€1998;€and€June€23,€1998€(the€Class€B€sale).€€Proof€of€the€sale€on€July€27,€1998€was€on€audiotape€only.€€TheÐ tÄ Ðinformant€was€also€prepared€to€testify€for€the€State.Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó êÝ ƒRö$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôò ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€sale€of€.5€gram€or€more€of€cocaine€is€a€Class€B€felony.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„417(c)(1). àÝ ƒRö$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôò ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔAs€the€trial€court€pointed€out,€the€guilty€pleas€were€not€without€some€agreement€with€the€State.€€The€fact€thatÐ ° Ðthe€defendant€would€be€sentenced€as€a€Range€I,€standard€offender€was€agreed€to,€as€well€as€minimum€mandatory€finesÐ tÄ Ðof€$2,000€for€each€felony€count,€except€the€Class€E€felony,€for€a€total€fine€of€$8,000.(нCEKQW]cioAutoList1A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.(ÈhH  Z(Times New Roman (ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman Regular(ÈhH  Z‹(Times New Roman  ËÝ ƒRö$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôò ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔRule€32(f)€states€the€following:Ð ° Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(f)€Withdrawal€of€Plea€of€Guilty.€ð"ð€A€motion€to€withdraw€a€plea€of€guilty€may€beÐ tÄ Ðmade€upon€a€showing€by€the€defendant€of€any€fair€and€just€reason€only€beforeÐ 8ˆ Ðsentence€is€imposed;€but€to€correct€manifest€injustice,€the€court€after€sentence,€butÐ üL Ðbefore€the€judgment€becomes€final,€may€set€aside€the€judgment€of€conviction€andÐ À Ðpermit€the€defendant€to€withdraw€the€plea.ЄÔ` x` x ÐTenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€32(f). LÝ ƒRö$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú9Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôò ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔA€transcript€of€the€February€12,€1999,€guilty€plea€hearing€was€included€as€an€exhibit€to€both€the€pleaÐ ° Ðwithdrawal€hearing€and€the€sentencing€hearing€and€is€part€of€the€record€on€appeal.€ IÝ ƒRö$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôò ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔJohn€D.€Parker,€Jr.,€appointed€counsel,€represented€the€defendant€at€his€guilty€plea€hearing.€€Mr.€Parker€filedÐ ° Ða€motion€to€withdraw€as€counsel€on€February€24,€1999.€€David€N.€Ô_ÔDarnellÔ_Ô€was€subsequently€appointed€to€represent€theÐ tÄ Ðdefendant.€€Mr.€Darnell€represented€the€defendant€at€both€the€hearing€on€the€motion€to€withdraw€pleas€of€guilty€and€theÐ 8ˆ Ðsentencing€hearing. žÝ ƒRö$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôò ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThat€language€is€as€follows:Ô‡XÿžX òôòÔÐ ° Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àÔ#†ôò òXXÿžš#ÔAlthough€the€terms€ð ðfair€and€justðð€lack€any€pretense€of€scientific€exactness,€.€.€.Ð tÄ Ðguidelines€have€emerged€in€the€appellate€cases€for€applying€this€standard.€€WhetherÐ 8ˆ Ðthe€movant€has€asserted€his€legal€innocence€is€an€important€factor€to€be€weighed,Ð üL Ðas€is€the€reason€why€the€defenses€were€not€put€forward€at€the€time€of€originalÐ À Ðpleading.€€The€amount€of€time€which€has€passed€between€the€plea€and€the€motionÐ „Ô Ðmust€also€be€taken€into€account.€A€swift€change€of€heart€is€itself€strong€indicationÐ H ˜ Ðthat€the€plea€was€entered€in€haste€and€confusion.€.€.€.€€By€contrast,€if€the€defendantÐ  \ Ðhas€long€delayed€his€withdrawal€motion,€and€has€had€the€full€benefit€of€competentÐ Ð  Ðcounsel€at€all€times,€the€reasons€given€to€support€withdrawal€must€have€considerablyÐ ” ä  Ðmore€force.€€€€€ÐX ¨ ` x` x ÐÌÓ€ (н83 ÓNotes€of€Advisory€Committee€at€110€(citations€omitted).3#37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a) i) )Ý ƒRö$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú10Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôò ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€trial€court€appropriately€declined€the€Stateððs€request€to€apply€factor€(2),€that€the€defendant€was€the€leaderÐ ° Ðin€the€commission€of€the€offense.  Ý ƒRö$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôò ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔWe€are€aware€that€our€supreme€court€has€recently€noted€that€ð ð[i]t€will€be€difficult,€and€perhaps€impossible,€forÐ ° Ðan€intermediate€court,€reviewing€only€the€record€of€the€plea€submission€hearing,€to€make€an€accurate€determination€ofÐ tÄ Ðthe€knowing€and€voluntary€nature€of€a€plea.ðð€€òòState€v.€Brandon€Wilsonóó,€No.€E1996„00006„SC„R11„CD,€2000€WLÐ 8ˆ Ð1336633,€at€*6€(Tenn.€Sept.€18,€2000).€€Nevertheless,€the€òòWilsonóó€court€stated€that€a€direct€appeal€based€on€an€allegedÐ üL ÐòòBoykinóó€error€lies€from€the€denial€of€a€Rule€32(f)€motion,€as€is€the€case€here.€€We,€therefore,€address€the€issue€of€theÐ À  Ðvoluntary€and€knowing€nature€of€the€guilty€pleas€as€properly€before€this€court,€òòóónoting€that€the€record€on€appeal€includesÐ ° Ðnot€only€€the€plea€submission€hearing€but€also€the€guilty€plea€withdrawal€hearing€and€the€sentencing€hearing,€allowingÐ tÄ Ðus€to€make€an€accurate€determination€concerning€the€voluntary€and€knowing€nature€of€the€defendantððs€plea€submission,Ð 8ˆ Ðas€well€as€the€effectiveness€of€counsel. ¨Ý ƒRö$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôò ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€indictment€is€dated€February€10,€1998.- ù-(|G2ö$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€M»»d d 8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô* ò»»Ô d(|3Íö$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€M»»d d 8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3Íö$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€M»»d d 8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€DÄ»»d dÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼ªb»»»ÔÑ8€*4XXdê»»d 8Ñà@ttìàÔ‡î¥3ªbÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@WW$ìàAT€KNOXVILLEÔ#†¼ªb»îî¥3 #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  ÓAssigned€on€Briefs€à @ àà @` àMay€24,€2000Ð üL ÐÔ‡XÿžX»¼ªbÔÌò òÔ#†¼ªb»XXÿž#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóó€v.€PATRICK€MAXWELLÔ‡XÿžX»¼ªbÔó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Sullivan€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNos.€S41,647,€S42,120,€S42,370€€€€€€R.€Jerry€Beck,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÒe°ÒÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷Ea©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€E1999„00124„CCA„R3„CDÐ ¥õ  ÐOctober€27,€2000Ð ‘á  ÐßA€V) °°` dEa|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€defendant€pled€guilty€to€four€counts€of€the€sale€of€cocaine€and€one€count€of€the€sale€of€aÐ xÈ  Ðcounterfeit€controlled€substance,€without€a€recommendation€from€the€State€as€to€the€sentence.€€BeforeÐ d´ Ðhe€was€sentenced,€the€defendant€filed€a€òòpro€seóó€motion€to€withdraw€his€guilty€pleas.€€Denying€theÐ P  Ðdefendantððs€motion,€the€trial€court€subsequently€imposed€an€effective€sentence€of€thirteen€years€andÐ <Œ Ðfines€of€$8,000.€€The€defendant€then€appealed,€alleging€that€he€should€have€been€allowed€to€withdrawÐ (x Ðhis€guilty€pleas€and€that€the€sentences€imposed€were€excessive.€€Based€upon€our€review,€we€affirmÐ d Ðthe€judgment€of€the€trial€court.Ð P ÐÓÀÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Criminal€Court€Affirmedó óÐ Ø( ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼ªb»àXÿžŽ#ÔÔ‡XÿžX.¼ªbÔAlan€E.€Glenn,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòThomas€T.€Ô_ÔWoodallÔ_Ôóó€and€òòJohnÐ ° ÐEverett€Williams,€Ô_ÔJ.J.Ô_Ôóó,€joined.Ð œì ÐÌDavid€N.€Ô_ÔDarnellÔ_Ô€(at€trial€and€on€appeal)€and€John€D.€Parker,€Jr.€(at€trial),€Kingsport,€Tennessee,€forÐ tÄ Ðthe€appellant,€Patrick€Maxwell.Ð `° ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Patricia€C.€Ô_ÔKussmannÔ_Ô,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð 8!ˆ  ÐH.€Greeley€Wells,€Jr.,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Mary€Katherine€Harvey,€Assistant€DistrictÐ $"t! ÐAttorney€General,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð #`" ÐÓRÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼ªb»XXÿž#ÔÔ‡XÿžX»¼ªbÔÐ è$8 $ ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼ªb»XXÿž #ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XÿžX»¼ªbÔà  àThe€defendant,€Patrick€Maxwell,€pled€guilty€to€three€counts€of€sale€of€less€than€.5€gram€ofÐ À&"& Ðcocaine,€Class€C€felonies;€one€count€of€sale€of€.5€gram€or€more€of€cocaine,€a€Class€B€felony;€and€oneÐ ¬'ü"' Ðcount€of€sale€of€a€counterfeit€controlled€substance,€a€Class€E€felony,€for€a€total€of€five€felonyÐ ˜(è#( Ðconvictions.€The€defendant€was€sentenced€by€the€Sullivan€County€Criminal€Court€as€a€Range€I,Ð „)Ô$) Ðstandard€offender€to€nine€years€for€the€Class€B€felony€charge;€fours€years€for€each€of€the€Class€CÐ p*À%* Ðfelony€charges;€and€two€years€for€the€Class€E€felony€charge.€€The€Class€B€sentence€of€nine€years€wasÐ \+¬&+ Ðordered€to€be€served€consecutively€to€the€remaining€charges,€which€were€all€ordered€to€be€servedÐ H,˜', Ðconcurrently€as€to€each€other€for€an€effective€sentence€of€thirteen€years,€including€fines€totalingÐ 4-„(-ý ÐÔ_Ô$8,000.€€The€trial€court€ordered€that€the€manner€of€service€be€nine€years€in€the€Department€ofÐ ° ÐCorrection€followed€by€four€years€in€a€community€corrections€program.Ð œì ÐÌÓ*°,XƒXŒ –X°œX*Óà  àThe€defendant€presents€two€issues€on€appeal:Ð tÄ ÐÌà8  àà8` !!àI.€à8Œ ` Ã` ÃàWhether€the€trial€court€erred€by€refusing€to€allow€the€defendantÐ L œ Ðto€withdraw€his€guilty€pleas€pursuant€to€Tennessee€Rule€ofÐ 8 ˆ ÐCriminal€Procedure€32(f);€andÐ$ tŒ —Œ — ÐÌà8  àà8` !!àII.à Œ àWhether€the€sentence€imposed€was€excessive.€€Ðü L ` Ã` à ÐÌà  àHaving€reviewed€the€entire€record,€we€conclude€that€the€trial€court€properly€denied€theÐ Ô$  Ðdefendantððs€motion€seeking€to€withdraw€his€guilty€pleas.€€We€further€conclude€that€no€reversible€errorÐ À  Ðoccurred€in€sentencing,€and€the€defendant€is€not€entitled€to€have€his€sentence€reduced.€€The€judgmentÐ ¬ü  Ðof€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.Ð ˜è  ÐÌà@ÊÊ(àò òòòFACTSó óóóˆÐ pÀ ÐÌÓ9°,XƒXŒ ä h•X°,XƒXŒ –X9Óà  àThis€case€involves€the€sale€of€cocaine,€and€in€one€instance,€counterfeit€cocaine,€to€anÐ H˜ Ðundercover€agent.€€The€sales€occurred€as€follows:Ð 4„ ÐÌà8  àà8` !!à#41647à0ä ` Ã` ÃàCount€I:€€Sale€of€cocaine€on€5/29/98à0Èä Ãä ÃàClass€C€FelonyÐ \ÈÃÈà Ðà8  àà8` !!àà Œ àà ä àCount€II:€Sale€of€cocaine€on€6/12/98à0È` Ã` ÃàClass€C€FelonyÐøHÈÃÈà ÐÌà8  àà8` !!à#42370à0ä ` Ã` ÃàCount€I:€Sale€of€cocaine€on€6/23/98à0Èä Ãä ÃàClass€B€FelonyÐÐ ÈÃÈà ÐÌà8  àà8` !!à#42120à0ä ` Ã` ÃàCount€I:€€Sale€of€cocaine€on€7/27/98à0Èä Ãä ÃàClass€C€FelonyШøÈÃÈà Ðà8  àà8` !!àà Œ àà ä àCount€II:€Sale€of€counterfeit€cocaineДä` Ã` à Ðà8  àà8` !!àà Œ àà ä à€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€on€7/27/98à0` Ã` Ãàà0pÃÃàà0ÈpÃpÃàClass€E€FelonyЀÐÈÃÈà ÐÌà  àAccording€to€facts€presented€by€the€State€and€stipulated€to€by€the€defendant€at€the€guilty€pleaÐ X ¨ Ðhearing€and€again€at€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€sales€followed€substantially€similar€sequences€ofÐ D!” Ðevents.€€Prior€to€each€of€the€sales,€an€informant,€known€to€the€defendant€as€ð ðthe€Gram€Lady,ðð€met€withÐ 0"€  Ða€Kingsport€Police€Department€detective€and€rode€to€police€headquarters.€€At€the€station,€she€wasÐ #l! Ðsearched€by€a€female€officer€and€was€wired€for€audio.׃ ×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€She€was€then€driven€back€to€her€car€and€givenÐ $X" Ð$100€to€purchase€one€gram€of€cocaine.€€Ð ô$D # ÐÌà  àOn€May€29,€1998,€the€informant€drove€to€Riverview€Apartments€and€circled€the€block.€€OnÐ Ì&"% ÐLewis€Street,€a€female€yelled€at€her€to€pull€over.€€The€young€female€asked€the€informant€what€she€wasÐ ¸'#& Ðlooking€for,€and€the€informant€told€her€she€was€looking€for€a€gram.€€The€female€said€her€boyfriendÐ ° Ðhad€it€and€to€go€around€the€block.€When€the€informant€came€back€around€to€Lewis€Street,€the€femaleÐ œì Ðmotioned€her€to€pull€over€and€park€on€the€wrong€side€of€the€street€so€that€the€female€could€talk€to€theÐ ˆØ Ðinformant€by€standing€next€to€the€driverððs€side€window.€€They€talked€briefly,€and€then€the€defendantÐ tÄ Ðcame€out€of€an€apartment€and€handed€the€female€a€small,€sealed€baggie,€which€she€in€turn€handed€toÐ `° Ðthe€informant.€€The€informant€then€handed€the€female€the€$100.€€The€€transaction€was€recorded€onÐ L œ Ðvideotape.€€The€informant€left€and€drove€to€a€prearranged€meeting€place€with€a€Kingsport€detectiveÐ 8 ˆ Ðto€whom€she€gave€the€baggie.€€The€Tennessee€Bureau€of€Investigation€laboratories€tested€the€contents,Ð $ t Ðwhich€were€positive€for€cocaine€in€the€amount€of€.2€gram.Ð  ` Ѐ€Ð ü L  Ðà  àThe€sale€on€June€12,€1998,€followed€this€same€pattern€except€that€the€defendant€approachedÐ è 8  Ðthe€informant€and€handed€the€baggie€containing€a€white€powder€to€the€informant.€€This€transactionÐ Ô$  Ðwas€also€recorded€on€videotape.€€The€contents€tested€positive€for€.2€gram€of€cocaine.€Ð À  ÐÌà  àFor€the€sale€on€June€23,€1998,€a€young€female€again€approached€the€informant.€€This€time,Ð ˜è  Ðwhen€the€female€handed€the€baggie€to€the€informant,€the€informant€stated€that€it€looked€like€less€thanÐ „Ô  Ðthe€gram€she€was€paying€for.€€The€female€took€the€baggie€back€and€told€the€informant€to€pull€aroundÐ pÀ Ðthe€block.€€As€the€informant€passed€an€alley,€the€same€female€waved€at€her,€motioning€for€her€to€stop.€Ð \¬ ÐThe€informant€stopped,€and€the€defendant€handed€her€a€small,€clear€baggie€containing€a€whiteÐ H˜ Ðsubstance.€€The€informant€still€complained€that€it€was€too€light.€€The€defendant€finally€handed€theÐ 4„ Ðinformant€two€baggies.€€She€gave€him€$100€and€drove€back€to€the€meeting€place€with€policeÐ  p Ðdetectives.€€This€sale€was€recorded€on€videotape.€€The€drugs€tested€positive€for€.5€gram€of€cocaine.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð  \ ÐÌà  àThe€final€sale€to€which€the€defendant€pled€guilty€occurred€on€July€27,€1998.€€For€this€sale,€theÐ ä4 Ðdefendant€called€to€the€informant€as€she€drove€by€on€Lewis€Street.€€She€pulled€over,€and,€after€theÐ Ð  Ðusual€exchange,€the€defendant€took€two€baggies€out€and€offered€her€one.€€She€asked€for€the€other€also,Ð ¼  Ðand€the€defendant€agreed,€handing€her€both€baggies€in€exchange€for€$100.€€This€time€the€substanceÐ ¨ø Ðin€one€bag€tested€positive€for€.1€gram€of€cocaine,€while€the€substance€in€the€other€bag€contained€noÐ ”ä Ðcontrolled€substances€at€all.€€This€sale€was€recorded€on€audiotape€only.Ð €Ð ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€pled€guilty€to€each€of€the€above€offenses€on€February€12,€1999,€in€a€ð ðblindÐ X ¨ Ðpleaðð€agreement,€that€is,€one€without€any€recommendation€from€the€State€as€to€sentence.€€The€StateÐ D!” Ðhad€previously€offered€a€plea€bargain€agreement€of€sixteen€years,€which€the€defendant€rejected.€€€AÐ 0"€  Ðnote,€handwritten€and€signed€by€the€defendant€at€the€request€of€his€attorney,€Mr.€Parker,׃T×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€is€includedÐ #l! Ðin€the€record€as€an€exhibit€to€the€hearing€on€defendantððs€motion€to€withdraw€his€guilty€pleas.€€ThatÐ $X" Ðnote€states€the€following:€Ð ô$D # Ðà8  àà8` !!àÐà%0!$` Ã` à Ðà8  àà8` !!àI,€Patrick€Jamar€Maxwell,€am€freely€and€voluntarily€rejecting€theÐ ° ÐStateððs€Plea€Bargin€[sic]€offer€(which€was€explained€completely€to€meÐ œì Ðand€a€copy€of€same€furnished€to€me).€€My€attorney,€John€D.€Parker,€Jr.,Ð ˆØ Ðrecommended€to€me€that€I€should€accept€said€Plea€Bargin€offer€butÐ tÄ Ðagainst€his€advice€I€am€refusing€said€Plea€Bargin.Ð`°` Ã` à ÐÌThis€note€is€dated€February€12,€1999,€the€day€the€trial€court€accepted€the€defendantððs€guilty€pleas.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌà@&àò òòòANALYSISóóˆÐ  ` ÐÌà@àIssue€I.€€Withdrawal€of€Guilty€PleasˆÐ è 8  ÐÌà  àó óThe€defendant€asserts€that€the€trial€court€abused€its€discretion€in€denying€his€motion€toÐ À  Ðwithdraw€his€guilty€pleas€prior€to€sentencing.€€He€contends€that€the€trial€court€should€have€permittedÐ ¬ü  Ðhis€withdrawal€for€the€following€reasons:€(1)€he€received€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel€resultingÐ ˜è  Ðin€guilty€pleas€that€were€not€voluntarily€and€knowingly€submitted;€and€(2)€the€trial€court€failed€toÐ „Ô  Ðproperly€consider€the€time€frame€within€which€he€made€his€motion€or€to€consider€any€inconvenienceÐ pÀ Ðto€the€State.Ð \¬ ÐÌà  àGenerally,€a€defendant€who€submits€a€guilty€plea€is€not€entitled€to€withdraw€the€plea€as€aÐ 4„ Ðmatter€of€right.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Turneróó,€919€S.W.2d€346,€355€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995),€òòpermóó.€òòappóó.Ð  p Ðòòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1996)€(ð ðAn€accused€is€not€entitled€to€withdraw€a€plea€of€guilty€as€a€matter€of€right.ðð);Ð  \ ÐòòState€v.€Andersonóó,€645€S.W.2d€251,€254€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1982)€(ð ðA€defendant€does€not€have€theÐ øH Ðunilateral€right€to€withdraw€a€guilty€plea€once€submitted€where€the€plea€had€been€voluntarily€andÐ ä4 Ðintelligently€made.ðð).€€Furthermore,€the€plea€will€not€be€set€aside€merely€because€the€defendantÐ Ð  Ðexperiences€a€change€of€heart.€€òòSeeóó€òòRay€v.€Stateóó,€224€Tenn.€164,€170,€451€S.W.2d€854,€856€(1970).€Ð ¼  ÐThe€trial€courtððs€decision€not€to€allow€a€guilty€plea€to€be€withdrawn€will€be€upheld€on€appeal€absentÐ ¨ø Ðan€abuse€of€discretion.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Davisóó,€823€S.W.2d€217,€220€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991)€(citingÐ ”ä ÐòòHenning€v.€Stateóó,€184€Tenn.€508,€201€S.W.2d€669,€671€(1947)).€€Abuse€of€discretion€in€this€contextÐ €Ð Ðmeans€there€must€be€no€substantial€evidence€to€support€the€conclusion€of€the€trial€judge.€€òòSeeóó€òòGoosbyÐ l¼ Ðv.€Stateóó,€917€S.W.2d€700,€705€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995)€(citing€òòState€v.€Williamsóó,€851€S.W.2d€828,Ð X ¨ Ð830„31€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòpermóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1992)).Ð D!” ÐÌà  àUnder€Tennessee€law,€prior€to€sentencing€a€defendant,€the€trial€court€may€permit€theÐ #l! Ðwithdrawal€of€a€guilty€plea€upon€a€showing€ð ðof€any€fair€and€just€reason.ðð€€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€32(f).€Ð $X" Ðâ âWhen€the€motion€is€filed€after€the€imposition€of€sentence€but€before€judgment€is€final,€the€moreÐ ô$D # Ðdemanding€standard€of€showing€ð ðmanifest€injusticeðð€is€applied.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€rationale€behind€the€twoÐ ° Ðâ âstandards,€depending€upon€when€the€defendantððs€motion€to€withdraw€a€guilty€plea€is€filed,€is€basedÐ œì Ðon€ð ðpractical€considerations€important€to€the€proper€administration€of€justice.ðð€€òòKadwell€v.€UnitedÐ ˆØ ÐStatesóó,€315€F.2d€667,€670€(9th€Cir.€1963).€€According€to€the€òòKadwellóó€court,€the€inconvenience€to€theÐ tÄ Ðtrial€court€and€the€prosecution€is€usually€slight€prior€to€sentencing,€while€the€public€interest€inÐ `° Ðprotecting€the€rights€of€the€accused€to€a€trial€is€great.€€òòSeeóó€òòidóó.€€The€burden€of€establishing€that€the€pleaÐ L œ Ðshould€be€withdrawn€is€on€the€accused.€€òòSeeóó€òòTurneróó,€919€S.W.2d€at€355.€€€à  àÐ 8 ˆ ÐÌà@ssàò òA.€Manifest€Injusticeó ó€ò òClaimó óˆÐ  ` ÐÌà  àWe€first€address€the€defendantððs€argument€that€he€received€ineffective€assistance€and€that€hisÐ ì <  Ðpleas€were€not€knowingly€made€because€those€arguments,€if€true,€would€establish€manifest€injustice,Ð Ø(  Ðthereby€meeting€the€lesser€standard€of€ð ðany€fair€and€just€reason,ðð€which€is€the€minimum€burden€theÐ Ä  Ðdefendant€must€meet€to€prevail€on€this€appeal.€€€€à  àÐ °  Ѐ€Ð œì  Ðà  àTennessee€courts€have€determined€that€there€has€been€ð ðmanifest€injusticeðð€where€the€guiltyÐ ˆØ  Ðplea€was€entered€as€a€result€of€ð ðcoercion,€fraud,€duress€or€mistake,ðð€òòCapri€Adult€Cinema€v.€Stateóó,€537Ð tÄ ÐS.W.2d€896,€898€(Tenn.€1976);€ð ðfear,ðð€òòSwang€v.€Stateóó,€42€Tenn.€(2€Cold.)€212,€213„14€(1865);€ð ðgrossÐ `° Ðmisrepresentationðð€by€the€prosecution,€òòidóó.€at€214„15;€or€the€plea€was€not€voluntarily,€understandingly,Ð Lœ Ðor€knowingly€entered,€òòState€v.€Turneróó,€919€S.W.2d€346,€355€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€Although€theÐ 8ˆ Ðconcept€of€ð ðmanifest€injustice,ðð€in€the€context€of€Rule€32(f),€is€not€identical€to€the€requirements€ofÐ $t Ðconstitutional€due€process,€ð ð[w]here€there€is€a€denial€of€due€process,€there€is€a€ððmanifest€injusticeðð€asÐ ` Ða€matter€of€law.ðð€òòState€v.€Davisóó,€823€S.W.2d€217,€220€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991)òòóó€(quoting€òòUnitedÐ üL ÐStates€v.€Cruscoóó,€536€F.2d€21,€26€(3rd€Cir.€1976)).Ð è8 ÐÌà@àò ò1.€€Ineffective€Assistance€of€Counseló óˆÐ À ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€argues€that€he€received€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel€and€that,€but€for€thatÐ ˜è Ðdeficient€representation,€he€would€not€have€entered€blind€pleas€of€guilty€to€the€five€felony€drugÐ „Ô Ðcharges€he€faced.€€The€defendant€argues€specifically€that€his€attorney€failed€to€properly€investigateÐ pÀ Ðthe€Class€B€felony€charge€and€failed€to€allow€the€defendant€to€review€the€videotape€evidence€againstÐ \ ¬ Ðhim,€implying€that€some€evidence€that€would€have€exonerated€the€defendant€was€overlooked.Ð H!˜ ÐÌà  àThe€right€to€assistance€of€counsel€was€first€recognized€by€the€United€States€Supreme€CourtÐ  #p! Ðas€a€constitutional€right€to€the€effective€assistance€of€counsel€in€òòPowell€v.€Alabamaóó,€287€U.S.€45,€53Ð  $\" ÐS.€Ct.€55,€77€L.€Ed.€158€(1932).€Whether€based€on€a€Sixth€Amendment€or€due€process€grounding,€ð ðaÐ ø$H # Ðparty€whose€counsel€is€unable€to€provide€effective€representation€is€in€no€better€position€than€one€whoÐ ° Ðhas€no€counsel€at€all.ðð€€òòEvitts€v.€Luceyóó,€469€U.S.€387,€396,€105€S.€Ct.€830,€836,€83€L.€Ed.€2d€821Ð œì Ð(1985).€Ô‡X*4XXXÿžÔò òòòóóó óIn€order€to€determine€the€competence€of€counsel,€Tennessee€courts€have€applied€standardsÐ ˆØ Ðdeveloped€in€federal€case€law.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Tayloróó,€968€S.W.2d€900,€905€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997),Ð vÆ Ðòòpermóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1998)€(noting€that€the€same€standard€for€determining€ineffective€assistanceÐ `° Ðof€counsel€that€is€applied€in€federal€cases€also€applies€in€Tennessee).€€The€U.S.€Supreme€CourtÐ J š Ðarticulated€the€standard€in€òòStrickland€v.€Washingtonóó,€466€U.S.€668,€104€S.€Ct.€2052,€80€L.€Ed.€2d€674Ð 4 „ Ð(1984),€which€is€widely€accepted€as€the€appropriate€standard€for€all€claims€of€ineffective€assistanceÐ  n Ðof€counsel.€€The€standard€is€firmly€grounded€in€the€belief€that€counsel€plays€a€role€that€is€ð ðcritical€toÐ  X Ðthe€ability€of€the€adversarial€system€to€produce€just€results.ðð€€òòIdóó.,€466€U.S.€at€685,€104€S.€Ct.€at€2063.€Ð ò B  ÐThe€òòStricklandóó€standard€is€a€two„prong€test,€requiring€that€the€defendant€establish€(1)€deficientÐ Ü ,  Ðrepresentation€and€(2)€prejudice€resulting€from€that€deficiency.€€òòSeeóó€òòidóó.,€466€U.S.€at€686,€104€S.€Ct.Ð Æ  Ðat€2052.Ð °  ÐÌà  àAs€to€the€deficient€representation€prong€of€the€test,€the€defendant€must€establish€that€ð ðtheÐ „Ô  Ðadvice€given€or€the€service€rendered€was€not€within€the€range€of€competence€demanded€of€attorneysÐ n¾  Ðin€criminal€cases[.]ðð€€òòBankston€v.€Stateóó,€815€S.W.2d€213,€215€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòpermóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóóÐ X¨ Ð(Tenn.€1991).€€The€reviewing€court€must€indulge€a€strong€presumption€that€the€conduct€of€counselÐ B’ Ðfalls€withing€the€range€of€reasonable€professional€assistance,€òòseeóó€òòStricklandóó,€466€U.S.€at€690,€104€S.Ð ,| ÐCt.€at€2066,€and€may€not€second„guess€the€tactical€and€strategic€choices€made€by€trial€counsel€unlessÐ f Ðthose€choices€were€uninformed€because€of€inadequate€preparation.€€òòSeeóó€òòHellard€v.€Stateóó,€629€S.W.2dÐ P Ð4,€9€(Tenn.€1982).Ô#†XÿžXXX*42J#ÔÔ‡X*4XXXÿžÔ€€Ð ê: ÐÌà  àAs€to€the€prejudice€prong€of€the€test,€the€defendant€ð ðmust€show€that€there€is€a€reasonableÐ ¾ Ðprobability€that,€but€for€counselððs€unprofessional€errors,€the€result€of€the€proceeding€would€have€beenÐ ¨ø Ðdifferent.€€A€reasonable€probability€is€a€probability€sufficient€to€undermine€confidence€in€theÐ ’â Ðoutcome.ðð€€òòStricklandóó,€466€U.S.€at€694,€104€S.€Ct.€at€2068òòóó.€€Ô#†XÿžXXX*4'S#ÔÔ‡X*4XXXÿžÔWhen€a€defendant€has€entered€a€guiltyÐ |Ì Ðplea,€he€must€establish€a€reasonable€probability€that,€but€for€the€errors€of€counsel,€he€would€not€haveÐ f¶ Ðpleaded€guilty€and€would€have€insisted€on€going€to€trial.€€òòSeeóó€òòHill€v.€Lockhartóó,€474€U.S.€52,€59,€106Ð P  ÐS.€Ct.€366,€370,€88€L.€Ed.€2d€203€(1985).Ð :Š ÐÌà  àòòóóCourts€need€not€approach€the€òòStricklandóó€test€in€a€specific€order€or€even€ð ðaddress€bothÐ !^ Ðcomponents€of€the€inquiry€if€the€defendant€makes€an€insufficient€showing€on€one.ðð€€òòStricklandóó,€466Ð ø!H  ÐU.S.€at€697,€104€S.€Ct.€at€2069;€òòseeóó€òòalsoóó€òòGoad€v.€Stateóó,€938€S.W.2d€363,€370€(Tenn.€1996)€(statingÐ â"2! Ðthat€ð ðfailure€to€prove€either€deficiency€or€prejudice€provides€a€sufficient€basis€to€deny€relief€on€theÐ Ì#" Ðineffective€assistance€claimðð).€€Finally,€a€person€charged€with€a€criminal€offense€is€not€entitled€toÐ ¶$ # Ðperfect€representation.€€òòSeeóó€òòDenton€v.€Stateóó,€945€S.W.2d€793,€796€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996),€òòpermóó.Ð  %ð $ Ðòòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1997).€€òòóóÐ Š&Ú!% Ðâ âÐ t'Ä"& Ðà  àÔ#†XÿžXXX*4>U#ÔThe€evidence€showed€that€on€February€9,€1999,€just€three€days€prior€to€the€guilty€plea€hearing,Ð ° ÐMr.€Parker€learned€from€the€district€attorney€general€that€indictment€#42370€was€imminent.׃(×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€TheÐ œì Ðâ âdefendant€admitted€that€Mr.€Parker€met€with€him€on€February€9,€1999,€and€told€him€that€he€hadÐ ˆØ Ðreviewed€all€the€Stateððs€evidence€that€same€day€and€that€the€evidence€was€overwhelming€against€theÐ tÄ Ðdefendant.€€The€defendant€does€not€deny€the€sale€in€indictment€#42370€but€makes€much€of€the€factÐ `° Ðthat€Mr.€Parker,€when€testifying€at€the€plea€withdrawal€hearing,€could€not€state€unequivocally€that€heÐ L œ Ðsaw€the€specific€videotape€of€that€sale.€€Nevertheless,€the€evidence€showed€that€the€Stateððs€proofÐ 8 ˆ Ðincluded€three€videotapes€and€that€Mr.€Parker€saw€three€videotapes.€€Given€the€similarities€in€theÐ $ t Ðpatterns€of€the€sales,€it€is€not€surprising€that€Mr.€Parker€could€recall,€specifically,€only€that€he€saw€aÐ  ` Ðvideo€with€a€female€coming€up€to€the€informantððs€car.€€The€defendant€did€not€contest€the€StateððsÐ ü L  Ðdescription€of€the€.5€gram€sale€in€which€a€female€did,€according€to€the€record,€come€up€to€theÐ è 8  Ðinformantððs€car.€€€Ô‡X*4XXXÿžÔÐ Ô$  ÐÌà  àIn€ruling€on€the€defendantððs€motion€to€withdraw€his€guilty€pleas,€the€trial€court€stated€theÐ ªú  Ðfollowing:Ð ”ä  ÐÌà8  àà8` !!àNow€Mr.€Darnell€correctly€points€out€that€the€presentment€[#€42370]Ð h¸ Ðcame€down€very€close€to€the€plea€of€guilty€hearing,€but€Mr.€ParkerÐ R¢ Ðindicated€he€was€aware€that€it€was€coming;€it€was€anticipated.€€ThatÐ <Œ ÐMr.€Parker€had€had€discussions€with€the€District€Attorney.€€Mr.€ParkerÐ &v Ðalso€indicated€that€he€had€interviewed€the€witnesses€for€the€StateÐ ` Ðinvolved,€particularly€the€police€officers€involved,€had€received€openÐ úJ Ðfile€discovery.€€And€evidently€he€was€pretty€well€on€top€of€theÐ ä4 Ðinvestigation€and€particularly€in€review,€òòStrickland€vs.€WashingtonóóÐ Î Ðand€those€type€of€things,€that€it€appears€to€be€that€he€did€a€reasonableÐ ¸ Ðinvestigation€of€the€background€either€through€Rule€16€discoveryÐ ¢ò Ðmotions€or€actual€interviews€with€purported€witnesses.€.€.€.€€So€I€canððtÐ ŒÜ Ðfind€the€fact€the€defendant,€that€Mr.€Parker€advised€the€blind€plea,€thatÐ vÆ Ðis€a€plea€without€recommendation,€would€be€deficient€under€the€totalÐ `° Ðcircumstances.ÐJš` Ã` à ÐÌÔ#†XÿžXXX*4`#ÔÔ‡X*4XXXÿžÔà  àWe€agree€that€there€is€substantial€evidence€to€support€the€conclusion€that€Mr.€Parker€providedÐ !n Ðeffective€assistance€of€counsel€in€investigating€the€charges€against€the€defendant€and€in€advising€thatÐ "X  Ðhe€enter€a€blind€plea€of€guilty.€€Ð ò"B! ÐÌà  àEven€if€this€were€not€the€case,€the€defendant€has€failed€to€show€any€prejudice.€€He€argues€thatÐ Æ$ # Ðhe€took€Mr.€Parkerððs€advice€when€he€entered€a€blind€plea€and€that,€but€for€this€advice,€he€would€haveÐ °%!$ Ðgone€to€trial.€€Yet,€the€defendant€was€perfectly€willing€to€refuse€Mr.€Parkerððs€advice€concerning€theÐ š&ê!% Ðplea€offer€of€the€State.€€Having€refused€that€offer,€the€defendant€then€had€only€two€choices€left:€€toÐ „'Ô"& Ðgo€to€trial€or€enter€a€blind€plea.€€The€defendant€never€challenged€the€accuracy€of€the€videotapes.€€TheÐ n(¾#' ÐStateððs€case€was€clearly€overwhelming,€as€Mr.€Parker€told€the€defendant.€Ð X)¨$( Їà  àWhile€it€appears€true,€from€the€record,€that€the€defendant€had€not€himself€viewed€the€videotapeÐ ° Ðevidence€against€him€and€relied€instead€on€Mr.€Parkerððs€description,€we€note€that€the€trial€court,€atÐ šê Ðthe€hearing€on€the€defendantððs€motion€to€withdraw€his€pleas,€took€the€wise€step€of€providing€theÐ „Ô Ðdefendant€and€Mr.€Darnell,€newly€appointed€counsel,€with€ample€time€to€look€at€all€of€the€videotapes.€Ð n¾ ÐThe€trial€court€stated€that€if,€after€seeing€the€tapes€and€discussing€them,€the€defendant€wanted€toÐ X¨ Ðreopen€his€proof,€the€court€would€allow€it.€€After€that€viewing,€the€following€exchange€took€place:Ð B ’ ÐÌà8  àà8` !!àTHE€COURT:€€€€€All€right.€€I€had€indicated€earlier€Iððd€allow€you€toÐ  f Ðreopen€your€proof€if€anything€was€revealed€in€those€tapes€you€thoughtÐ  P Ðwas€necessary€for€the€Court€to€consider.€€Do€you€wish€to€reopen€yourÐ ê :  Ðproof,€or€do€you€want€to€let€it€lay€where€it€is?ÐÔ $ ` Ã` à ÐÌà8  àà8` !!àMR.€DARNELL:€€€€€Yeah,€lay€it€where€it€is.€€I€think€I€described€whatÐ ¨ø  Ðwas€in€that€particular€video.€Ð’â ` Ã` à Ѐ€Ð |Ì  ÐÔ#†XÿžXXX*4åe#Ôà  àApparently,€nothing€in€any€of€the€videotapes€was€discovered€that€would€alter€Mr.€ParkerððsÐ f¶  Ðevaluation€of€the€strength€of€the€Stateððs€case.€€Ô‡X*4XXXÿžÔThe€record€reveals€no€rationale€in€support€of€theÐ R¢ Ðdefendantððs€position€that,€but€for€the€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel,€he€would€have€gone€to€trial.Ô#†XÿžXXX*4 p#ÔÐ @ ÐWe€conclude€that€the€defendant€received€effective€assistance€of€counsel.Ð *z ÐÌà@àò ò2.€€Voluntary€and€Knowing€Pleasó óˆÐ R ÐÌà  àEven€though€we€have€concluded€that€there€was€no€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel€that€mightÐ Ú* Ðcontribute€to€a€finding€of€manifest€injustice,€we€must€now€review€the€underlying€facts€of€the€pleas€toÐ Æ Ðdetermine,€independently€of€the€ineffective€assistance€issue,€whether€the€defendantððs€pleas€wereÐ ² Ðvoluntary€and€knowing.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Antonio€Demonte€Lyonsóó,€No.€01C01„9508„CR„00263,€1997€WLÐ žî Ð469501,€at€*11€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Nashville,€Aug.€15,€1997).€€Ð ŠÚ ÐÌà  àWhether€a€plea€was€knowing€and€voluntary€implicates€due€process€rights,€and€if€a€defendantððsÐ b² Ðguilty€plea€is€not€ð ðequally€voluntary€and€knowing,€it€has€been€obtained€in€violation€of€due€process€andÐ Nž Ðis€therefore€void.ðð€€òòBoykin€v.€Alabamaóó,€395€U.S.€238,€243€n.5,€89€S.€Ct.€1709,€1712€n.5,€23€L.€Ed.Ð : Š Ð2d€274€(1969).€€Our€supreme€court€has€promulgated€certain€directives€for€the€trial€court€to€follow€inÐ &!v Ðdetermining€whether€the€defendant€has€entered€a€guilty€plea€both€voluntarily€and€knowingly.€€òòSeeóóÐ "b  ÐòòState€v.€Mackeyóó,€553€S.W.2d€337,€340€(Tenn.€1977);€òòseeóó€òòalsoóó€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€11(c)„(d).€€In€makingÐ þ"N! Ðsuch€determinations,€trial€courts€are€instructed€to€ensure€that€the€defendant€is€ð ðfully€aware€of€the€directÐ ê#:" Ðconsequences€[of€his€plea]€.€.€.€.ðð€€òòBrady€v.€United€Statesóó,€397€U.S.€742,€755,€90€S.€Ct.€1463,€1472,Ð Ö$& # Ð25€L.€Ed.€2d€747€(1970).׃&×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð Â%!$ Їà  àThe€defendant€argues€€that€he€did€not€understand€the€seriousness€of€a€Class€B€felony€and€thatÐ ° Ðhe€did€not€understand€how€a€ð ðblind€pleaðð€worked,€making€his€guilty€pleas€unknowing.€€As€to€theÐ œì Ðdefendantððs€argument€that€he€did€not€understand€the€seriousness€of€a€Class€B€felony€or€how€a€blindÐ ˆØ Ðplea€worked,€the€trial€court€was€not€persuaded€but€noted€instead€the€following:Ð tÄ ÐÌà8  àà8` !!àMr.€Maxwell€claims€he€didnððt€understand€a€lot,€but€the€Court€findsÐ L œ Ðsome€problem€with€the€credibility€of€Mr.€Maxwell€in€that€regardÐ 8 ˆ Ðconsidering€the€fact€that€the€Court,€under€Rule€11,€òòMackey€vs.€Stateóó,Ð $ t Ðhas€to€ask€so€many€questions.€€And€I€think€that€I€substantiallyÐ  ` Ðcomplied€with€Rule€11€in€òòMackeyóó€and€òòBoykinóó€in€the€plea€of€guiltyÐ ü L  Ðhearing;€probably€went€beyond€that.€€Ðè 8 ` Ã` à ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€presided€over€a€scrupulously€thorough€and€complete€plea€submission€hearing.€Ð À  ÐThe€trial€court€explained€each€felony€count€and€exactly€what€the€blind€plea€meant.€€Although€theÐ ¬ü  Ðdefendant,€whom€Mr.€Parker€described€as€ð ðarticulate,ðð€questioned€the€trial€court€on€points€of€law€suchÐ ˜è  Ðas€his€right€to€confrontation€and€mandatory€process,€he€never€questioned€the€trial€court€as€to€theÐ „Ô  Ðsentence€range€for€a€Class€B€felony,€testifying€at€the€plea€withdrawal€hearing€that€he€knew€it€carriedÐ pÀ Ðan€eight„€to€twelve„year€sentence€for€a€Range€I,€standard€offender.€€€€€Ð \¬ ÐÌà  àWe€note,€as€did€the€trial€court,€that€the€State€made€a€plea€bargain€offer€to€the€defendant€ofÐ 4„ Ðsixteen€years,€which€he€refused€on€February€12,€1999,€the€day€of€his€guilty€plea€hearing,€ignoring€hisÐ  p Ðattorneyððs€advice,€because€he€felt€that€was€ð ða€whole€lot€of€time€for€me.ðð€€Also,€the€defendant€hasÐ  \ Ðaccumulated€a€fairly€extensive€juvenile€record,€including€convictions€for€theft,€assault,€and€sexualÐ øH Ðbattery,€as€well€as€two€assault€charges€as€an€adult,€heard€in€Kingsport€General€Session€Court.€€So,Ð ä4 Ðalthough€it€is€technically€correct€that€the€defendant,€as€he€stated€in€his€motion€for€withdrawal,€hasÐ Ð  Ðð ðnever€been€in€Criminal€Court,ðð€he€is€hardly€a€novice€to€the€criminal€justice€system.Ð ¼  ÐÌà  àWe€conclude€that€the€defendant€has€failed€to€show€any€manifest€injustice,€based€on€eitherÐ ”ä Ðineffective€assistance€of€counsel€or€òòBoykin/Mackeyóó€errors,€requiring€that€he€be€allowed€to€withdrawÐ €Ð Ðhis€guilty€pleas.Ð l¼ Ѐà  à€€òòóó€Ð X ¨ Ðà@óóàò òB.€Fair€and€Just€Reasonó ó€ò òClaimó óˆà È àÐ D!” ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€next€argues€that€there€were€fair€and€just€reasons€requiring€that€he€be€allowedÐ  #p! Ðto€withdraw€his€guilty€pleas.€€€The€defendant,€having€entered€guilty€pleas€in€open€court€on€FebruaryÐ  $\" Ð12,€1999,€wrote€to€the€trial€judge€within€days€of€his€pleas,€stating€the€following:Ð ø$H # Ðâ âÐ ä%4!$ Ðà8  àà8` !!àI€entered€a€guilty€plea€in€your€court€Feb.€12,€1999€to€the€charge€ofÐ ° Ðâ âselling€cocaine.€€I€have€never€been€in€Criminal€Court€and€my€attorneyÐ œì Ðdid€not€make€it€clear€to€me€the€serioness€[sic]€of€my€charge€and€IÐ ˆØ Ðrequest€that€you€let€me€withdraw€my€guilty€plea€and€appoint€a€differentÐ tÄ Ðattorney€to€represent€me€in€a€jury€trial.Ð`°` Ã` à ÐÌThe€handwritten€request€was,€according€to€the€defendant,€written€as€soon€as€he€returned€toÐ 8 ˆ Ðconfinement€after€the€plea€hearing.€€It€was€notarized€on€February€14,€1999,€and€filed€on€February€19,Ð $ t Ð1999.€€An€amended€version€was€filed€on€May€21,€1999.€€Because€the€motion€to€withdraw€his€guiltyÐ  ` Ðpleas€was€filed€prior€to€sentencing,€the€minimum€applicable€standard€to€be€met€by€the€defendant€isÐ ü L  Ðthe€less€stringent€standard€of€ð ðany€fair€and€just€reason.ððÐ è 8  ÐÌà  à€What€constitutes€a€showing€of€ð ðany€fair€and€just€reasonðð€is€not€specifically€set€out€in€theÐ À  ÐTennessee€Rules€of€Criminal€Procedure,€but€this€court€has€relied€on€factors€determined€by€the€CourtÐ ¬ü  Ðof€Appeals€for€the€Sixth€Circuit€to€be€relevant€to€such€an€analysis.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Antonio€DemonteÐ ˜è  ÐLyonsóó,€No.€01C01„9508„CR„00263,€1997€WL€469501,€at€*12€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Nashville,€Aug.Ð „Ô  Ð15,€1997)€(citing€òòUnited€States€v.€Alexanderóó,€948€F.2d€1002,€1003€(6th€Cir.€1991)).€€While€TennesseeÐ pÀ Ðcourts€are€not€bound€by€federal€rules,€ð ðthere€is€merit€in€uniformity€and€we€may€consider€them€forÐ \¬ Ðguidance.ðð€€òòState€v.€Newsomeóó,€778€S.W.2d€34,€36€(Tenn.€1989)€(citations€omitted).€Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àIn€determining€what€factors€the€district€courts€should€consider€when€a€defendant€seeks€toÐ  p Ðwithdraw€a€guilty€plea€prior€to€sentencing,€the€Sixth€Circuit€in€òòUnited€States€v.€Alexanderóó€drew€onÐ  \ Ðan€earlier€decision,€€òòUnited€States€v.€Spenceróó,€836€F.2d€236,€238€(6th€Cir.€1987),€in€which€the€courtÐ øH Ðdiscussed€in€detail€five€factors€relevant€to€the€ð ðfair€and€just€reasonðð€analysis.€€òòSeeóó€òòAlexanderóó,€948€F.2dÐ ä4 Ðat€1003„04.€€Those€factors€are:Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àà8` !!à1.€€The€length€of€time€between€the€entry€of€the€guilty€plea€and€theÐ ¨ø Ðfiling€of€the€motion€to€withdraw€it;Дä` Ã` à ÐÌà8  àà8` !!à2.€€Why€the€grounds€for€withdrawal€were€not€presented€to€the€court€atÐ l¼ Ðan€earlier€point€in€the€proceedings;ÐX ¨` Ã` à ÐÌà8  àà8` !!à3.€€Whether€the€defendant€has€asserted€and€maintained€his€innocence;Ð0"€ ` Ã` à ÐÌà8  àà8` !!à4.€€The€circumstances€underlying€the€entry€of€the€plea€of€guilty,€theÐ $X" Ðnature€and€background€of€the€defendant,€and€whether€the€defendantÐ ô$D # Ðhas€admitted€guilt;Ðà%0!$` Ã` à ÐÌà8  àà8` !!à5.€€Once€the€defendant€has€established€a€fair€and€just€reason,€whether€Ð ¸'#& Ðthe€prosecution€will€be€prejudiced€should€the€plea€be€withdrawn.Ф(ô#'` Ã` à ÐÌòòSeeóó€òòSpenceróó,€836€F.2d€at€239„40.à h àÐ |*Ì%) ÐÐ h+¸&* Ðà  àFirst,€the€defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€failed€to€consider€the€time€period€in€which€theÐ ° Ðdefendant€filed€his€motion.€€The€defendant€relies€on€€òòSpenceróó,€for€the€proposition€that€a€ð ðswift€changeÐ œì Ðof€heart€is€itself€strong€indication€that€the€plea€was€entered€in€haste€and€confusion.ðð€€836€F.2d€at€238Ð ˆØ Ð(quotingòòóó€Notes€of€€Advisory€Committee€on€Rules,€Federal€Criminal€Code€and€Rules€32(d)€(WestÐ tÄ Ð1987)).׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€defendant€also€relies€on€òòUnited€States€v.€Robertsóó,€570€F.2d€999,€1008€(D.C.€Cir.€1977)Ð `° Ð(citing€òòKadwell€v.€United€Statesóó,€315€F.2d€667,€670€(9th€Cir.€1963)),€for€the€proposition€that€ð ðcourtsÐ L œ Ðlook€with€particular€favor€on€32(d)€motions€made€.€.€.€within€a€few€days€after€the€initial€pleading.ððÐ 8 ˆ ÐÌà  àAlthough€the€trial€court,€in€denying€the€defendantððs€motion,€did€not€specifically€refer€to€theÐ  ` Ðspeed€with€which€the€defendant€moved€to€withdraw€his€guilty€pleas,€this€evidence€was€before€theÐ ü L  Ðcourt.€€The€defendant€testified€at€the€plea€withdrawal€hearing€that€he€wrote€to€the€trial€judge€askingÐ è 8  Ðto€withdraw€his€motion€on€ð ð[t]he€day€I€entered€the€blind€plea.€The€same€day.ðð€€Ð Ô$  ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€did€consider€the€remaining€relevant€factors,€specifically€the€fact€that€theÐ ¬ü  Ðdefendant€never€denied€any€of€the€sales.€€The€defendant€agreed€to€the€facts€as€set€out€by€the€State€atÐ ˜è  Ðboth€the€guilty€plea€hearing€and€the€sentencing€hearing.€€In€fact,€there€was€a€discussion€concerningÐ „Ô  Ðinaccuracies€in€the€presentencing€report€at€the€sentencing€hearing,€and€the€trial€court€recessed€to€giveÐ pÀ ÐMr.€Darnell€and€the€defendant€an€opportunity€to€review€the€facts€as€presented€by€the€State€at€the€guiltyÐ \¬ Ðplea€hearing.׃„ ×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú9Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€following€exchange€took€place€at€the€sentencing€hearing:Ð H˜ ÐÌà8  àà8` !!àTHE€COURT:€€€€€We€completed€our€recess€in€the€case€of€State€vs.Ð  p ÐPatrick€Maxwell.€€Mr.€Maxwell€was€present€before;€I€failed€to€noteÐ  \ Ðthat.€€Heððs€also€present€at€this€time€with€his€attorney,€Mr.€DavidÐ øH ÐDarnell.€€Mr.€Darnell,€you€had,€the€State€had€previously€suggested€thatÐ ä4 Ðthe€Court€disregard€the€scenario€of€facts€contained€in€the€presentenceÐ Ð  Ðreport€and€that€the€Court€consider€the€stipulations€entered€into€by€theÐ ¼  Ðparties€at€the€guilty€plea€hearing.€€Is€that€agreeable€to€you,€or€do€youÐ ¨ø Ðobject€to€that?Дä` Ã` à Їà8  àà8` !!àMR.€DARNELL:€€€€€Thatððs€agreeable,€your€Honor.€€€€Ð°` Ã` à ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€failed€to€raise€any€objections€or€present€any€grounds€for€withdrawal€of€his€pleasÐ ˆØ Ðduring€the€guilty€plea€proceedings.€€Nothing€in€the€defendantððs€nature€or€background,€which€includesÐ tÄ Ðan€opportunity€to€pursue€a€post„secondary€education,€supports€the€defendantððs€withdrawal€of€his€pleas.Ð `° ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€also€contends€that€the€trial€court€failed€to€address€the€slight€impact€thatÐ 8 ˆ Ðwithdrawal€of€his€guilty€pleas€would€have€on€the€prosecution€and€the€judicial€system.€€This€is€a€factorÐ $ t Ðthat€the€trial€court€may€consider€once€the€defendant€advances€and€establishes€a€fair€and€just€reasonÐ  ` Ðfor€allowing€the€withdrawal.€òòSeeóó€€òòUnited€States€v.€Alexanderóó,€948€F.2d€1002,€1004€(6th€Cir.€1991)Ð ü L  Ð(ð ðThe€prejudice€to€the€government€need€not€be€established€or€considered€unless€and€until€theÐ è 8  Ðdefendant€has€established€a€fair€and€just€reason€for€vacating€his€plea.ðð).€The€defendant€has€not€doneÐ Ô$  Ðso.Ð À  ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€has€failed€to€meet€his€minimum€burden€of€presenting€evidence€to€establish€thatÐ ˜è  Ðany€fair€and€just€reason€exists€for€granting€the€withdrawal€of€his€guilty€pleas.€€We€conclude€thatÐ „Ô  Ðsubstantial€evidence€existed€to€support€the€denial€of€the€defendantððs€motion€to€withdraw€his€guiltyÐ pÀ Ðpleas€and€that€the€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€in€so€ruling.Ð \¬ ÐÌà@°°àò òIssue€II.€€Excessive€Sentenceó ó€€€€€€€ˆÐ 4„ ÐÌà  à€ò òó óThe€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€imposed€an€excessive€sentence.€€The€sentencingÐ ` Ðrange€for€a€Class€B€felony€drug€conviction€for€a€Range€I,€standard€offender€is€eight€to€twelve€years.€Ð üL ÐThe€range€for€a€Class€C€felony€drug€conviction€for€a€Range€I,€standard€offender€is€three€to€six€years.€Ð è8 ÐThe€range€for€a€Class€E€conviction€is€one€to€two€years.€€The€trial€court€sentenced€the€defendant€to€nineÐ Ô$ Ðyears€on€the€Class€B€felony;€four€years€on€each€of€the€three€Class€C€felonies;€and€two€years€on€theÐ À ÐClass€E€felony.€€The€Class€B€felony€was€ordered€to€be€served€consecutively€to€all€other€charges,€whichÐ ¬ü Ðwere€ordered€to€be€served€concurrently€as€to€each€other€for€an€effective€sentence€of€thirteen€years.€Ð ˜è ÐNine€years€were€ordered€to€be€served€in€incarceration€followed€by€four€years€in€a€communityÐ „Ô Ðcorrections€program.€€The€defendant€challenges€both€the€length€and€the€consecutive€manner€ofÐ pÀ Ðservice.Ð \ ¬ ÐÌà  àAppellate€review€of€sentencing€is€òòde€novoóó€on€the€record€with€a€presumption€that€the€trialÐ 4"„  Ðcourtððs€determinations€are€correct.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d).Ô‡XÿžXXXÿžÔ€This€presumption€isÐ  #p! Ð"conditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencingÐ  $\" Ðprinciples€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances."€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.Ð ø$H # Ð1991).€In€conducting€a€òòóóòòde€novoóó€review€of€a€sentence,€this€court€must€consider€(a)€any€evidenceÐ ä%4!$ Ðreceived€at€the€trial€and/or€sentencing€hearing,€(b)€the€presentence€report,€(c)€the€principles€ofÐ Ð& "% Ðsentencing,€(d)€the€arguments€of€counsel€relative€to€sentencing€alternatives,€(e)€the€nature€andÐ ¼' #& Ðcharacteristics€of€the€offense,€(f)€any€mitigating€or€enhancing€factors,€(g)€any€statements€made€by€theÐ ¨(ø#' Ðaccused€in€his€own€behalf,€and€(h)€the€accused's€potential€or€lack€of€potential€for€rehabilitation€orÐ ”)ä$( Ðtreatment.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€40„35„103€and€„210;€€òòState€v.€Scottóó,€735€S.W.2d€825,€829€(Tenn.Ð €*Ð%) ÐCrim.€App.),€òòpermóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1987).Ð l+¼&* Їà  àThe€party€challenging€the€sentences€imposed€by€the€trial€court€has€the€burden€of€establishingÐ ° Ðthat€the€sentences€are€erroneous.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401,€Sentencing€Commission€Cmts.;Ð œì Ðòòseeóó€òòalsoóó€€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€169;€€òòState€v.€Butleróó,€900€S.W.2d€305,€311€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€Ð ˆØ ÐThe€weight€to€be€afforded€any€existing€enhancement€or€mitigation€factor€is€left€to€the€trial€courtððsÐ tÄ Ðdiscretion.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210,€Sentencing€Commission€Cmts.€(noting€the€statuteððsÐ `° Ðpurpose€of€maintaining€ð ðjudicial€discretion€necessary€to€make€individualized€sentencingÐ L œ Ðdeterminationsðð);€òòState€v.€Sheltonóó,€854€S.W.2d€116,€123€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992).€€Ô#†XÿžXXXÿž`«#Ô€€Ô‡XÿžXXXÿžÔÐ 8 ˆ ÐÌà@&&àò òA.€€Length€of€Sentencesó óˆÐ  ` ÐÌà  àA€portion€of€the€Sentencing€Reform€Act€of€1989,€codified€at€Tennessee€Code€AnnotatedÐ è 8  ÐSection€40„35„210,€establishes€specific€procedures€to€be€followed€by€the€sentencing€court.€€At€theÐ Ô$  Ðtime€of€the€defendantððs€sentencing€hearing€in€1999,€this€section€of€the€code€provided€that€theÐ À  Ðminimum€sentence€within€the€range€was€the€presumptive€sentence€for€Class€B,€C,€D,€and€E€felonies.€Ð ¬ü  ÐIf€there€are€enhancement€and€mitigating€factors,€the€trial€court€must€start€at€the€presumptive€sentenceÐ ˜è  Ðin€the€range€and€enhance€the€sentence€as€appropriate€for€the€enhancement€factors€and€then€reduce€theÐ „Ô  Ðsentence€within€the€range€as€appropriate€for€the€mitigating€factors.€€Ô#†XÿžXXXÿžJ³#ÔÐ pÀ ÐÌà  àThe€record€reflects€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€evidence€heard€at€the€guilty€plea€hearing,Ð H˜ Ðincluding€both€partiesðð€stipulation€to€facts;€the€evidence€heard€at€the€sentencing€hearing,€includingÐ 4„ Ðtestimony€of€the€defendantððs€sister,€grandmother,€and€the€defendant€himself;€the€presentence€report;Ð  p Ðthe€statements€of€counsel;€the€nature€of€the€criminal€conduct;€and€the€principles€of€sentencing.Ð  \ ÐÌà  àIn€sentencing€the€defendant,€the€trial€court€applied€the€following€enhancement€factors:Ð ä4 ÐÌà8  àà8` !!à(1)€€€The€defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€criminal€convictions€orÐ ¼  Ðcriminal€behavior€in€addition€to€those€necessary€to€establish€theÐ ¨ø Ðappropriate€range;€.€.€.Дä` Ã` à ÐÌà8  àà8` !!à(8)€€€The€defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€unwillingness€to€complyÐ l¼ Ðwith€the€conditions€of€a€sentence€involving€release€in€the€community;Ð X ¨ Ð.€.€.ÐD!”` Ã` à ÐÌà8  àà8` !!à(13)€The€felony€was€committed€while€on€any€of€the€following€formsÐ #l! Ðof€release€status€if€such€release€is€from€a€prior€felony€conviction:€Ð$X"` Ã` à Ðà  àà ` à.€.€.€.Ð ô$D # Ðà  àà ` àà Œ à€(C)€Probation;€.€.€.Ð à%0!$ ÐÌà8  àà8` !!à(20)€The€defendant€was€adjudicated€to€have€committed€a€delinquentÐ ¸'#& Ðact€or€acts€as€a€juvenile€that€would€constitute€a€felony€if€committed€byÐ ¤(ô#' Ðan€adult.€.€.€.Ð)à$(` Ã` à Ðâ âÐ |*Ì%) ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114€(1),€„(8),€„(13),€„(20)€(1997).׃#×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú10Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ׀Р° Ðâ âÌà  àThe€defendant€challenges€only€the€application€of€factor€(13).€€The€State€agrees€that€this€factorÐ ˆØ Ðwas€erroneously€applied€because€the€defendant€was€not€on€release€ð ðfrom€a€prior€felony€conviction.ðð€Ð tÄ ÐWe€agree.€€Nevertheless,€the€fact€that€fewer€factors€can€be€applied€appropriately€than€the€numberÐ `° Ðoriginally€applied€by€the€trial€court€does€not€mean€that€the€length€of€the€sentence€should€automaticallyÐ L œ Ðbe€reduced.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Hayesóó,€899€S.W.2d€175,€186„87€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€The€trial€courtÐ 8 ˆ Ðmade€it€clear€that€it€relied€to€the€greatest€degree€on€the€defendantððs€past€criminal€history.€€The€trialÐ $ t Ðcourt€stated,€ð ðThe€most€serious€factor€of€all€of€them,€I€think,€is€the€defendantððs€prior€record.€€It€tendsÐ  ` Ðto€outweigh€any€potential€mitigators.€€The€other€enhancers,€although€of€some€value,€are€more€limited.ðð€Ð ü L  ÐThe€trial€court€noted€that€the€defendant€has€been€in€almost€constant€trouble,€either€in€juvenile€courtÐ è 8  Ðor€in€court€as€an€adult,€and€had€also€violated€the€law,€although€uncharged,€by€his€admitted€use€ofÐ Ô$  Ðmarijuana.€€The€trial€court€also€noted€the€observation€of€an€officer€with€the€Juvenile€Probation€OfficeÐ À  Ðthat€the€defendant€was€a€ð ðlikeable€young€manðð€who€would€comply€with€the€rules€and€be€dischargedÐ ¬ü  Ðand€then€be€right€back€in€the€juvenile€court€system.Ð ˜è  ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€applied€the€following€factors€in€mitigation:€ð ð(1)€The€defendantððs€criminalÐ pÀ Ðconduct€neither€caused€nor€threatened€serious€bodily€injury.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(1).€€TheÐ \¬ Ðcourt€also€considered,€under€the€general€factor€(13),€the€defendantððs€social€history,€including€the€factÐ H˜ Ðthat€his€mother€died€of€cancer€when€he€was€in€his€early€teens,€and€he€went€to€live€with€hisÐ 4„ Ðgrandmother.€€€The€trial€court€also€considered€the€fact€that€the€defendant€turned€himself€in;€that€theÐ  p Ðoffenses€occurred€in€a€reasonably€short€period€of€time;€and€that€he€had€positive€personal€traits€suchÐ  \ Ðas€intelligence.€€The€trial€court€declined€to€accept€mitigating€factor€(3),€that€substantial€groundsÐ øH Ðexisted€to€excuse€or€justify€the€criminal€conduct,€finding€instead€that€the€defendant€had,€in€hisÐ ä4 Ðgrandmother,€an€honest,€decent,€and€caring€guardian€who€had€high€hopes€that€he€would€succeed€inÐ Ð  Ðlife.€€€The€trial€court€also€declined€to€accept€mitigating€factor€(6),€that€the€youth€of€the€defendantÐ ¼  Ðcaused€him€to€lack€substantial€judgment,€finding€instead€that€the€defendant€was€wise€to€the€ways€ofÐ ¨ø Ðthe€juvenile€system€and€that€his€criminal€conduct€was€not€an€isolated€event.€€The€trial€court€alsoÐ ”ä Ðrejected€factor€(7),€that€need€motivated€the€criminal€conduct,€finding€instead€that€the€defendantððsÐ €Ð Ðgrandmother€was€willing€to€help€him,€feed€him,€and€give€him€a€place€to€live€if€he€would€abide€byÐ l¼ Ðbasic€rules€of€conduct€such€as€being€home€at€a€reasonable€hour.Ð X ¨ ÐÌà  àWe€conclude€that,€although€enhancement€factor€(13)€was€not€appropriately€applied,€the€trialÐ 0"€  Ðcourt€appropriately€applied€the€remaining€enhancement€and€mitigating€factors.€€Therefore,€the€lengthÐ #l! Ðof€each€sentence€is€affirmed.Ð $X" ÐÌà@IIàò òB.€€Manner€of€Service€of€Sentencesó óˆÐ à%0!$ ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€further€argues€that€his€sentences€should€all€be€served€concurrently€and€not€inÐ ¸'#& Ðconfinement.€€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€Section€40„35„115€sets€out€the€considerations€to€beÐ ¤(ô#' Ðfollowed€by€the€sentencing€court€in€determining€whether€multiple€convictions€should€be€servedÐ ° Ðconcurrently€or€consecutively.€€The€sentencing€court€may€order€sentences€to€be€served€consecutivelyÐ œì Ðif€it€finds,€by€a€preponderance€of€the€evidence,€that€any€one€of€seven€factors€applies.€Tennessee€CodeÐ ˆØ ÐAnnotated€Section€40„35„103€sets€out€the€considerations€for€sentences€involving€confinement.Ð tÄ ÐÌà  àHere,€the€trial€court€based€its€determination€as€to€the€consecutive€nature€of€the€defendantððsÐ L œ Ðsentences€on€the€following€factors:€ð ð(2)€The€defendant€is€an€offender€whose€record€of€criminalÐ 8 ˆ Ðactivity€is€extensive;ðð€and€ð ð(6)€The€defendant€is€sentenced€for€an€offense€committed€while€onÐ $ t Ðprobation.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(2),€(6).€€The€defendant€argues€that€his€criminal€historyÐ  ` Ðconsisted€primarily€of€juvenile€offenses,€which€he€characterized€as€ð ðmisdeeds€as€a€teenager.ðð€€TheÐ ü L  Ðdefendant€further€argues€that€his€adult€charges€were€all€brought€by€the€same€person,€his€girlfriend,Ð è 8  Ðwho€never€chose€to€end€their€relationship,€in€spite€of€these€incidences€of€domestic€violence.€€TheÐ Ô$  Ðdefendant€does€not€challenge€the€application€of€factor€(6),€and€the€record€supports€this€factor.Ð À  ÐÌà  àAs€to€the€need€for€the€defendant€to€serve€some€time€in€confinement,€the€trial€court€stated€theÐ ˜è  Ðfollowing:Ð „Ô  ÐÌà8  àà8` !!àAll€right.€€All€right,€now€the€first€nine€years€youððll€have€to€serve;€beÐ \¬ Ðgiven€credit€for€time€served€on€that€nine€year€sentence.€€You€can€beÐ H˜ Ðseated.€€You€can€sit€down€if€you€want€to.€€Then€the€last€four€yearsÐ 4„ Ðyouððll€be€on€Community€Corrections.€€Thatððs€a€tough€program,€butÐ  p Ðwhat€they€do€they€reintegrate€you€back€into€the€community.€€Itððs€likeÐ  \ Ða€halfway€house.€€You€live€there,€you€go€out€and€work€in€the€day,€ifÐ øH Ðyou€donððt€have€transportation,€they€get€you€transportation,€let€you€getÐ ä4 Ðyour€life€together€and€get€used€to€working€and€that€type€of€thing.ÐÐ ` Ã` à ÐÌà  àAlthough€the€trial€court€failed€to€state€specifically€on€the€record€why€confinement€wasÐ ¨ø Ðappropriate,€it€is€clear€from€a€review€of€the€entire€record€that€the€trial€court€placed€great€emphasis€onÐ ”ä Ðthe€fact€that€the€defendant€had€a€lengthy€history€of€criminal€conduct,€especially€given€his€youth,€andÐ €Ð Ðthat€repeated€efforts€at€rehabilitation€had€failed.€€We€cannot€say€that€the€trial€court€abused€itsÐ l¼ Ðdiscretion€in€ordering€consecutive€sentences€or€in€finding€confinement€of€the€defendant€necessaryÐ X ¨ Ðbased€on€his€history€of€criminal€conduct€and€the€failure€of€less€restrictive€measures€of€punishment.€Ð D!” ÐÌà@kk%àò òòòCONCLUSIONó óóóˆÐ #l! ÐÌà  àWe€conclude€that€the€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€in€denying€the€defendantððs€motionÐ ô$D # Ðto€withdraw€his€guilty€pleas€under€Tennessee€Rule€of€Criminal€Procedure€32(f).€€We€also€concludeÐ à%0!$ Ðthat,€although€one€enhancement€factor€was€erroneously€applied,€the€record€supports€the€length€andÐ Ì&"% Ðmanner€of€service€of€the€sentences.€€We€affirm€the€convictions€and€sentences.€à x àÐ ¸'#& ÐÌÌà  à€€€Ð |*Ì%) Ѐ€€€€Ð h+¸&* Ðà  àà ` àà Œ àà ä àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð ° Ðà  àà ` àà Œ àà ä àà h àà À àà  àALAN€E.€GLENN,€JUDGE