ÿWPCÝ"  ûÎ’í8êjø7ÌI¿¾ðLnV¿ “ø—~;º`drý$JIGN ¾Ò:>›D èk^<Ôm.zNŠAzóbeˆîâ*ôÕêÛš;p¶‚jåᔳø£òpä¬í4L{>éÇÁäT/ÑšÀ|Q¤šPv2ÌŽápg›1§DÒp]ù¤zd þêdat•6¯©õ½?ô-&T˜ÉCâ­ühçé4;JÇ»ÂíN]ïÀÃtÊlœKø±èŸ…Æ -|Ÿ. ¯VÿC„¼˜íl¦bð°Ìٌޜ(÷ÌŸn‡²ŸÓ ‚´ùR|—" ?O©Ÿ»Z LXâ¥ûÊD¥ªÚ? ˆøê#ÛLL¼e…ðÒ†ÌÆT£¶/ì%ÓkÚ…Ò½»gÅË@![\6³ý‘ {ûcI»ŸÁ¥¬aÚ½‚s¯¿³tê•!ʶI;4 #»K=a$¶Ž*Ýß[v9ù‡ÙV¤_ ðb %\bb 0ˆÄUNL ™š U@3 «s zÒ˜°j觩ƱÆwÆ=ƤÉNmìoÖ[E1^ 3w?4CWUNf´ m¶#ÁÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ 0 DŽŽŽŽbÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ 0 ëÚÚÚÚ BÅÅ 0¤â D3† D-¹ 0Kææ AS1 Æ„ 0¤J! 0Dî! A«2"» XÝ ƒR’~$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô Ò ò»»ÔÝ  ÝThe€State€also€contends€that€the€Defendant€has€waived€this€issue€by€failing€to€include€it€in€his€motion€for€newÐ ° Ðtrial.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R€.App.€P.€3(e).€€Nevertheless,€we€choose€to€address€this€issue€on€its€merits.(`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular Ý ƒR’~$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô Ò ò»»ÔÝ  ÝThe€State€also€contends€that€the€Defendant€has€waived€this€issue€for€failure€to€raise€it€in€his€motion€for€newÐ ° Ðtrial.€€Nevertheless,€we€choose€to€address€this€issue€on€the€merits.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€52(b);òòóó€òòState€v.€Eppsóó,€989Ð tÄ ÐS.W.2d€742,€745€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1998)€(applying€the€plain€error€doctrine€to€address€whether€the€defendantððs€dualÐ 8ˆ Ðconvictions€violated€double€jeopardy€principles,€even€where€the€defendant€failed€to€raise€the€issue€in€the€trial€court.)(ƒð Z‹(Times New Roman  ¡Ý ƒR’~$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô Ò ò»»ÔÝ  ÝThe€presentence€report€lists€the€following€prior€convictions:€€three€thefts€up€to€$500;€criminal€trespassing;Ð ° Ðassault;€felony€burglary€of€auto;€three€felony€sales€of€marijuana;€contributing€to€the€delinquency€of€a€minor;€misdemeanorÐ tÄ Ðescape;€and€misdemeanor€stalking.€ ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt ¦Ý ƒR’~$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô Ò ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€Defendant€is€not€eligible€for€multiple€offender€status€on€the€especially€aggravated€Ô_ÔkidnappingÔ_Ô€or€theÐ ° Ðaggravated€sexual€battery€convictions,€because€those€are€Class€A€and€Class€B€felonies,€respectively.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€CodeÐ tÄ ÐAnn.€ðð€39„13„305(b)(1),€„504(b).€€The€Class€E€prior€felonies€are€not€within€the€next€two€lower€felony€classes€of€theseÐ 8ˆ Ðfelonies€and€therefore€do€not€qualify€the€Defendant€as€a€multiple€offender€with€respect€to€these€convictions. ÞÝ ƒR’~$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô Ò ò»»ÔÝ  ÝThe€Range€II€sentence€for€a€Class€C€felony€is€six€to€ten€years.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„112(b)(3). Ý ƒR’~$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô Ò ò»»ÔÝ  ÝòòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„305(b)(1). þÝ ƒR’~$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô Ò ò»»ÔÝ  ÝThe€Range€I€sentence€for€a€Class€A€felony€is€fifteen€to€twenty„five€years.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„Ð ° Ð112(a)(1).Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 šÝ ƒR’~$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô Ò ò»»ÔÝ  ÝòòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„504(b). âÝ ƒR’~$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú9Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô Ò ò»»ÔÝ  ÝThe€Range€I€sentence€for€a€Class€B€felony€is€eight€to€twelve€years.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„112(a)(2). ÌÝ ƒR’~$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú10Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô Ò ò»»ÔÝ  ÝOn€each€of€the€Defendantððs€remaining€misdemeanor€convictions€for€assault€and€aggravated€criminal€trespassÐ ° Ðon€a€habitation,€the€trial€court€sentenced€the€Defendant€to€eleven€months,€twenty„nine€days€at€seventy„five€percent,€toÐ tÄ Ðbe€served€concurrently.€€The€Defendant€does€not€complain€about€these€sentences.€ËnS+â òK++00S°Ñ§3|x(ÆúI Z‹6Times New Roman RegularÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ˜HP LaserJet 8000 Series PSØÚØÚÚØØÚ0(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó- ù-(|G2’~$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€ì»»d d 8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô|àò»»Ô d(|3Å÷$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€ì»»d d 8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3Å÷$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€ì»»d d 8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€ „»»d dÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼…Ò»»»ÔÑ8€gtXXdê»»d 8Ñà@ttìàÔ‡î‹Ë…ÒÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@kk$ìàAT€NASHVILLEÔ#†¼…Ò»îî‹Ë #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àAugust€14,€2001€SessionÐ üL ÐÔ‡XÓöX»¼…ÒÔÌò òÔ#†¼…Ò»XXÓö#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE€v.€MICHAEL€J.€MCCANNÔ‡XÓöX»¼…ÒÔó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò ò€Appeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Lewis€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€5992C€€€€€€Timothy€L.€Easter,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€M2000„„2990„CCA„R3„CD€„€Filed€October€17,€Ô_Ô2001Ô_ÔÐ ¥õ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€Defendant,€Michael€J.€McCann,€was€convicted€by€a€jury€of€one€count€of€aggravated€criminalÐ xÈ  Ðtrespass€on€a€habitation;€two€counts€of€assault;€two€counts€of€aggravated€assault;€one€count€ofÐ d´ Ðaggravated€sexual€battery;€and€two€counts€of€especially€aggravated€kidnapping.€€After€a€hearing€heÐ P  Ðwas€sentenced€as€a€Range€II€multiple€offender€on€the€aggravated€assaults,€and€as€a€Range€I€offenderÐ <Œ Ðon€the€remaining€convictions,€to€an€effective€sentence€of€thirty€years.€€In€this€appeal€as€of€right,€theÐ (x ÐDefendant€contends€that€his€kidnapping€convictions€must€be€reversed€and€dismissed€as€violative€ofÐ d Ðhis€due€process€rights€under€òòState€v.€Anthonyóó;€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€not€requiring€the€State€toÐ P Ðelect€between€the€proof€presented€in€support€of€two€sexual€offenses€charged;€that€the€DefendantððsÐ ì< Ðtwo€assault€convictions€should€have€been€merged€into€one€of€the€aggravated€assault€convictions;€thatÐ Ø( Ðthe€prosecutor€made€improper€and€prejudicial€remarks€during€closing€argument;€that€his€sentenceÐ Ä Ðis€excessive;€and€that€he€received€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel.€€We€reverse€and€dismiss€one€ofÐ ° Ðthe€Defendantððs€assault€convictions.€€In€all€other€respects,€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.Ð œì ÐÓ ÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Circuit€Court€Affirmed€in€Part;Ð tÄ ÐReversed€in€Partó óÐ `° ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼…Ò»àXÓö‚#ÔÔ‡XÓöX.¼…ÒÔDavid€H.€Welles,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòJoe€G.€Rileyóó€and€òòJamesÐ 8!ˆ  ÐÔ_ÔCurwoodÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔWittÔ_Ô,€Jr.,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð $"t! ÐÌJoel€Ô_ÔKachinskyÔ_Ô,€Ô_ÔSummertownÔ_Ô,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Michael€J.€McCann.Ð ü#L# ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€David€H.€Ô_ÔFindleyÔ_Ô,€Assistant€Attorney€General;€Ð Ô%$!% ÐRon€Davis,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Jeffrey€L.€Long,€Assistant€District€Attorney€General,€forÐ À&"& Ðthe€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð ¬'ü"' ÐÓ ÓÌÐ  „)Ô$)ý Ðà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼…Ò»XXÓö0 #ÔÔ‡XÓöX»¼…ÒÔÐ ° ÐÓÓÔ#†¼…Ò»XXÓö#ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XÓöX»¼…ÒÔÌà@¥¥(ìàò òFACTSó óˆÐ tÄ ÐÓÓà  àThe€victims€Rebekah€Guzy€and€David€Williams€testified€that,€at€about€two€a.m.€onÐ L œ ÐSeptember€29,€1998,€the€Defendant,€accompanied€by€Adam€Graves€and€Craig€Azcarate,€kicked€andÐ 8 ˆ Ðopened€the€front€door€of€the€house€in€which€the€victims€were€living.€€Ms.€Guzy€and€€Mr.€WilliamsÐ $ t Ðwere€acquainted€with€the€Defendant,€and€Mr.€Williams€had€seen€the€Defendant€the€previousÐ  ` Ðafternoon€in€the€parking€lot€of€a€store.€€At€that€time€the€Defendant€asked€Mr.€Williams€what€he€wasÐ ü L  Ðdoing,€and€Mr.€Williams€responded€that€he€was€going€home,€and€that€heððd€be€drinking.€€At€the€timeÐ è 8  Ðthe€Defendant€and€his€cohorts€entered€the€house,€Ms.€Guzy€was€in€the€living€room€with€CarlisÐ Ô$  ÐHoward;€Mr.Williams€was€in€the€kitchen;€and€Jamie€Brown€was€elsewhere€in€the€house.€€When€theÐ À  ÐDefendant€entered€the€residence,€he€pointed€a€revolver€at€Ms.€Guzy;€when€Mr.€Williams€started€toÐ ¬ü  Ðenter€the€living€room€from€the€kitchen,€the€Defendant€pointed€the€gun€at€Mr.€Williams.€€The€gun€wasÐ ˜è  Ðloaded€with€three€bullets.Ð „Ô  ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€told€Mr.€Brown€to€join€them€in€the€living€room;€he€told€Mr.€Howard€and€Mr.Ð \¬ ÐBrown€to€sit€on€the€couch.€€The€Defendant€demanded€money,€claiming€that€Mr.€Williams€owed€himÐ H˜ Ðfifty€dollars.€€Ms.€Guzy€and€Mr.€Williams€protested€that€they€had€none€and€did€not€owe€him€any.€Ð 4„ ÐAfter€repeated€demands,€the€Defendant€told€Ms.€Guzy€and€Mr.€Williams€to€undress€and€lie€on€theÐ  p Ðfloor.€€When€they€complied,€the€Defendant€searched€their€clothes.€€The€Defendant€repeatedly€pointedÐ  \ Ðthe€pistol€at€Ms.€Guzy€and€Mr.€Williams€as€they€lay€on€the€floor,€at€times€holding€it€to€their€heads.€Ð øH ÐWhen€Mr.€Williams€raised€his€head€from€the€floor,€Graves€slapped€him.Ð ä4 ÐÌà  àAt€some€point€the€Defendant€told€Mr.€Howard€and€Mr.€Brown€that€they€could€leave,€and€toldÐ ¼  Ðthem€not€to€say€anything€to€anyone.€€The€two€men€left.€€The€Defendant€began€stroking€Ms.€Guzy€onÐ ¨ø Ðher€breasts€and€thighs€as€she€lay€naked€on€the€floor,€and€told€her€she€could€ð ðwork€outðð€the€money.€Ð ”ä ÐWhen€she€refused,€the€Defendant€got€her€up€from€the€floor€and€took€her€into€a€back€bedroom.€€HeÐ €Ð Ðgave€the€pistol€to€Azcarate€and€told€him€to€watch€Mr.€Williams.€€In€the€bedroom,€the€DefendantÐ l¼ Ðlowered€his€pants€and€again€tried€to€talk€Ms.€Guzy€into€having€sex€with€him.€€When€she€refused,€sheÐ X ¨ Ðtestified,€he€pinned€her€arms€to€the€bed€and€raped€her.€€He€did€not,€however,€ejaculate,€according€toÐ D!” ÐMs.€Guzy.Ð 0"€  ÐÌà  àWhile€the€Defendant€was€in€the€bedroom€with€Ms.€Guzy,€Graves€and€Azcarate€stayed€withÐ $X" ÐMr.€Williams.€€At€one€point€they€tied€his€hands€and€legs€with€a€microphone€cord,€and€Graves€andÐ ô$D # ÐAzcarate€stepped€out€the€back€door€for€a€short€time.€€When€they€reentered€the€house,€Mr.€WilliamsÐ à%0!$ Ðhad€managed€to€free€one€of€his€hands.€€Azcarate€told€Mr.€Williams€to€get€up€and€sit€on€the€couch.€Ð Ì&"% ÐMr.€Williams€complied.€€Azcarate€then€took€Mr.€Williams€out€onto€the€back€porch,€where€theyÐ ¸'#& Ðremained€for€a€few€minutes.€€They€then€reentered€the€house.€€Azcarate€walked€down€the€hall€andÐ ¤(ô#' Ðyelled€at€the€Defendant€to€ð ðhurry€up.ðð€€Ð )à$( Ðâ âÐ |*Ì%) Ðà  àEventually€the€Defendant€left€the€bedroom€and€the€four€men€stood€near€the€back€door€at€theÐ ° Ðâ âend€of€the€hall.€€Graves€kept€telling€Mr.€Williams€to€shake€his€hand.€€When€Mr.€Williams€extendedÐ œì Ðhis€hand,€Graves€hit€him€in€the€face.€€Mr.€Williams€backed€up€three€steps,€and€the€three€other€menÐ ˆØ Ðthen€attacked€him.€€Mr.€Williams€fell€to€the€floor€and€the€men€kicked€him€in€the€body€and€head.€€TheÐ tÄ ÐDefendant€kept€threatening€to€kill€Mr.€Williams.€€The€Defendant€told€Mr.€Williams€to€get€to€hisÐ `° Ðknees;€when€Mr.€Williams€did€so,€the€Defendant€thrust€the€barrel€of€the€pistol€into€Mr.€WilliamsððÐ L œ Ðmouth.€€When€Mr.€Williams€gagged,€the€Defendant€told€him€that€if€he€threw€up,€the€DefendantÐ 8 ˆ Ðwould€kill€him.€€The€attackers€dumped€flour€on€Mr.€Williamsðð€head,€and€the€Defendant€told€him€heððdÐ $ t Ðbe€back€in€fourteen€days€for€his€money.€€The€three€men€then€left,€and€Ms.€Guzy€and€Mr.€WilliamsÐ  ` Ðheard€three€gunshots€a€short€time€later.Ð ü L  ÐÌà  àMr.€Williams€and€Ms.€Guzy€remained€in€the€house€for€about€an€hour€because€Ms.€Guzy€wasÐ Ô$  Ðafraid€to€leave.€€The€men€had€told€her€during€the€attack€that€they€had€watched€the€house€for€someÐ À  Ðtime€before€coming€in.€€Eventually€Mr.€Williams€and€Ms.€Guzy€drove€to€Ms.€Guzyððs€motherððs€house,Ð ¬ü  Ðand€Ms.€Guzyððs€mother€called€the€police.€€Mr.€Williams€and€Ms.€Guzy€were€subsequently€treatedÐ ˜è  Ðat€the€hospital€where€a€rape€kit€was€performed€on€Ms.€Guzy.€€Mr.€Williams€was€treated€for€aÐ „Ô  Ðfractured€cheekbone,€a€fractured€jawbone,€and€crushed€sinus€cavities.€à  àÐ pÀ ÐÌà  àTesting€done€on€evidence€obtained€from€the€rape€kit€indicated€the€presence€of€semen€in€Ms.Ð H˜ ÐGuzyððs€vaginal€tract€that€had€been€deposited€within€twenty„four€hours;€however,€there€was€notÐ 4„ Ðenough€sperm€present€in€the€sample€to€conduct€DNA€testing.€€Sperm€found€on€Ms.€GuzyððsÐ  p Ðunderwear€matched€Mr.€Williamððs€DNA€profile.Ð  \ ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€testified,€admitting€that€he€had€entered€the€house€and€demanded€money€fromÐ ä4 ÐMr.€Williams.€€He€acknowledged€pointing€the€gun€at€Mr.€Williams€but€denied€pointing€it€at€Ms.Ð Ð  ÐGuzy.€€He€denied€telling€the€victims€to€disrobe€and€lie€on€the€floor.€€He€repeatedly€denied€raping€orÐ ¼  Ðtouching€Ms.€Guzy€in€a€sexual€manner.€€He€stated€that€he€told€Ms.€Guzy€she€could€leave€the€livingÐ ¨ø Ðroom€if€she€wanted€to€avoid€seeing€him€ð ðwhipðð€Mr.€Williams,€and€that€she€then€went€to€a€back€room.€Ð ”ä ÐHe€explained€that€he€later€went€to€the€room€where€Ms.€Guzy€was€to€ð ðcomfortðð€her€by€telling€her€theyÐ €Ð Ðwerenððt€going€to€kill€Mr.€Williams.€€The€Defendant€admitted€kicking€Mr.€Williams€once,€but€deniedÐ l¼ Ðputting€the€gun€in€his€mouth.€€The€Defendant€admitted€firing€the€pistol€three€times€when€he€and€hisÐ X ¨ Ðcohorts€left€the€house.Ð D!” ÐÌà  àFor€his€role€in€this€criminal€episode,€the€Defendant€was€charged€with€one€count€of€aggravatedÐ #l! Ðrape;€four€counts€of€aggravated€assault;€one€count€of€especially€aggravated€burglary;€one€count€ofÐ $X" Ðaggravated€sexual€battery;€and€two€counts€of€especially€aggravated€kidnapping.€€The€first€count€ofÐ ô$D # Ðaggravated€assault€arose€out€of€the€Defendantððs€pointing€the€pistol€at€Ms.€Guzy€and€Mr.€WilliamsÐ à%0!$ Ðwhen€he€entered€their€residence.€€The€second€charge€of€aggravated€assault€arose€out€of€GravesÐ Ì&"% Ðstriking€Mr.€Williams€with€his€fist.€€The€third€charge€of€aggravated€assault€arose€out€of€the€DefendantÐ ¸'#& Ðand€his€cohorts€hitting€and€kicking€Mr.€Williams€while€he€was€on€the€floor.€€The€fourth€charge€ofÐ ¤(ô#' Ðaggravated€assault€arose€out€of€the€Defendant€thrusting€the€barrel€of€the€pistol€into€Mr.€WilliamsððÐ )à$( Ðmouth.€€At€the€close€of€the€Stateððs€proof,€the€trial€court€reduced€the€second€and€third€charges€ofÐ |*Ì%) Ðaggravated€assault€to€assault,€and€reduced€the€charge€of€especially€aggravated€burglary€to€aggravatedÐ h+¸&* Ðburglary.€€The€jury€acquitted€the€Defendant€of€the€aggravated€rape€charge€and€found€him€guilty€ofÐ ° Ðthe€first€and€fourth€charges€of€aggravated€assault,€two€assaults,€one€aggravated€criminal€trespassÐ œì Ðagainst€a€habitation,€one€aggravated€sexual€battery,€and€two€especially€aggravated€kidnappings.€Ð ˆØ ÐÌÌà@ ìàò òI.€€PROPRIETY€OF€ESPECIALLY€AGGRAVATEDˆÐ L œ Ðà@††ìàKIDNAPPING€CONVICTIONSˆÐ 8 ˆ Ѐ€ó óà  àIn€his€first€issue,€the€Defendant€contends€that€his€especially€aggravated€kidnappingÐ $ t Ðconvictions€cannot€stand€under€the€due€process€analysis€set€forth€in€òòState€v.€Anthonyóó,€817€S.W.2dÐ  d Ð299€(Tenn.€1991).€€In€òòAnthonyóó,€our€supreme€court€addressed€the€issue€of€ð ðthe€propriety€of€aÐ  P  Ðkidnapping€conviction€where€detention€of€the€victim€is€merely€incidental€to€the€commission€ofÐ ì <  Ðanother€felony,€such€as€robbery€or€rape.ðð€€òòId.óó€at€300.€€In€the€subsequent€case€of€òòState€v.€Dixonóó,€957Ð Ø(  ÐS.W.2d€532,€535€(Tenn.€1997),€our€supreme€court€set€forth€a€two€prong€inquiry€for€the€determinationÐ Ä  Ðof€this€issue.€€òòóóThe€first€prong€requires€us€to€decide€ð ðwhether€the€movement€or€confinement€[of€theÐ °  Ðvictim]€was€beyond€that€necessary€to€consummateðð€the€accompanying€felony.€€òòId.óó€€If€so,€the€secondÐ œì  Ðprong€requires€us€to€decide€ð ðwhether€the€additional€movement€or€confinement:€€(1)€prevented€theÐ ˆØ  Ðvictim€from€summoning€help;€(2)€lessened€the€defendantððs€risk€of€detection;€or€(3)€created€aÐ tÄ Ðsignificant€danger€or€increased€the€victimððs€risk€of€harm.ðð€€òòId.óó€€We€note€that,€in€òòDixonóó,€our€supremeÐ `° Ðcourt€stated€that€ð ðòòanyóó€restraint€in€addition€to€that€which€is€necessary€to€consummate€[theÐ Lœ Ðaccompanying€felony]€may€support€a€separate€conviction€for€kidnapping.ðð€€òòId.óó€(emphasis€added).Ð 8ˆ ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€was€convicted€of€two€counts€of€aggravated€assault€by€display€of€a€deadlyÐ ` Ðweapon:€€one€count€for€pointing€a€pistol€at€both€victims€when€he€entered€the€house,€and€one€countÐ üL Ðfor€subsequently€putting€the€barrel€of€the€pistol€in€Mr.€Williamsðð€mouth.€€Aggravated€assault€isÐ è8 Ðcommitted€when€the€perpetrator€intentionally€or€knowingly€causes€another€to€reasonably€fearÐ Ô$ Ðimminent€bodily€injury,€accomplished€with€a€deadly€weapon.€€òòSeeóó€òòóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„13„Ð À Ð101(a)(2),€„102(a)(1)(B).€€The€Defendant€was€also€convicted€of€two€counts€of€assault:€€one€count€forÐ ¬ü ÐGraves€hitting€Mr.€Williams€in€the€face,€and€one€count€for€the€Defendant€hitting€and€kicking€himÐ ˜è Ðthereafter.€€Assault€is€committed€when€the€perpetrator€intentionally,€knowingly€or€recklessly€causesÐ „Ô Ðbodily€injury€to€another.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€ðð€39„13„101(a)(1).€€The€Defendant€was€also€convicted€of€one€countÐ pÀ Ðof€aggravated€sexual€battery.€€Aggravated€sexual€battery€is€committed€when€an€accused€has€unlawfulÐ \ ¬ Ðsexual€contact€with€a€victim€where€force€or€coercion€€is€used€to€accomplish€the€act€and€the€accusedÐ H!˜ Ðis€armed€with€a€weapon.€€òòSee€id.óó€ðð€39„13„504(a)(1).€€The€Defendant€committed€aggravated€sexualÐ 4"„  Ðbattery€upon€Ms.€Guzy€when€he€stroked€her€breasts€and€the€inside€of€her€thighs€while€she€lay€nakedÐ  #p! Ðon€the€living€room€floor€and€he€continued€to€hold€the€pistol.€The€Defendant€was€also€convicted€ofÐ  $\" Ðtwo€counts€of€especially€aggravated€kidnapping€by€display€of€a€deadly€weapon:€€one€count€for€eachÐ ø$H # Ðvictim.òòóó€€The€elements€of€this€crime€are€the€knowing€removal€or€confinement€of€another€unlawfullyÐ ä%4!$ Ðso€at€to€interfere€substantially€with€the€otherððs€liberty,€accomplished€with€a€deadly€weapon.€€òòSee€id.óóÐ Ð& "% Ððððð€39„13„302(a),€„305(a)(1)Ð ¼' #& ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€argues€that€his€activities€constituted€a€continuous€attempted€aggravatedÐ ”)ä$( Ðrobbery,€and€that€any€detention€of€the€victims€was€incidental€to€that€offense.€€However,€theÐ €*Ð%) ÐDefendant€was€neither€charged€with,€nor€convicted€of,€attempted€aggravated€robbery.€€Accordingly,Ð l+¼&* Ðwe€decline€his€invitation€to€analyze€the€òòAnthonyóó€issue€on€that€basis.€€Rather,€we€must€determineÐ ° Ðwhether€his€restraint€of€the€victimsðð€liberty€was€incidental€to€the€accompanying€assaults€and/or,€withÐ œì Ðrespect€to€Ms.€Guzy,€the€aggravated€sexual€battery.€òòóóÐ ˆØ ÐÌà  àWe€look€first€to€the€Defendantððs€restraint€of€Mr.€Williams.€€The€Defendantððs€initialÐ `° Ðaggravated€assault€upon€Mr.€Williams€consummated€upon€the€Defendant€entering€the€house€andÐ L œ Ðpointing€his€gun€at€Mr.€Williams.€€He€followed€this€action€with€ordering€Mr.€Williams€to€disrobe€andÐ 8 ˆ Ðlie€naked€on€the€floor.€€While€Mr.€Williams€was€thus€immobilized,€the€Defendant€continued€to€pointÐ $ t Ðhis€gun€at€him,€keeping€him€restrained€on€the€floor.€€The€restraint€continued€when€the€DefendantÐ  ` Ðtook€Ms.€Guzy€into€the€back€room,€handed€the€gun€to€Azcarate,€and€told€Azcarate€to€watch€Mr.Ð ü L  ÐWilliams.€€This€restraint€of€the€victim€was€beyond€that€necessary€to€commit€the€initial€aggravatedÐ è 8  Ðassault,€and€was€further€not€necessary€or€incidental€to€the€subsequent€assaults.€€Mr.€Williams€testifiedÐ Ô$  Ðthat€he€was€kept€restrained€for€approximately€thirty€minutes€while€the€Defendant€had€Ms.€Guzy€inÐ À  Ðthe€back€room,€and€the€subsequent€assaults€did€not€occur€until€after€the€Defendant€had€returned€toÐ ¬ü  Ðthe€main€part€of€the€house.€€Thus,€we€turn€to€the€second€prong€of€the€òòDixonóó€analysis:€€did€the€Ð ˜è  Ðconfinement€prevent€Mr.€Williams€from€summoning€help;€lessen€the€Defendantððs€risk€of€detection;Ð „Ô  Ðor€create€a€significant€danger€or€increase€Mr.€Williamsðð€risk€of€harm?€€We€have€no€troubleÐ pÀ Ðconcluding€that€forcing€someone€to€lie€naked€on€the€floor€at€gunpoint€both€reduces€the€ability€toÐ \¬ Ðsummon€help€and€increases€that€personððs€risk€of€harm,€simply€because€such€a€position€makes€theÐ H˜ Ðperson€an€easier€target€to€shoot€and€maim€or€kill.€€It€is€much€more€difficult€to€take€evasive€actionÐ 4„ Ðwhile€lying€on€the€floor€than€while€standing€or€even€sitting.€€Likewise,€Mr.€Williamsðð€ability€toÐ  p Ðsummon€help€was€decreased€and€his€risk€of€harm€was€increased€when€he€was€tied€up.€€Accordingly,Ð  \ Ðwe€hold€that€the€Defendantððs€especially€aggravated€kidnapping€of€Mr.€Williams€was€not€incidentalÐ øH Ðto€any€of€the€accompanying€assaults€upon€him.Ð ä4 ÐÌà  àWe€turn€now€to€the€confinement€of€Ms.€Guzy.€€Again,€the€Defendant€had€already€committedÐ ¼  Ðhis€initial€aggravated€assault€prior€to€ordering€Ms.€Guzy€to€undress€and€like€naked€on€the€floor.€€ThisÐ ¨ø Ðrestraint€was€therefore€not€incidental€to€the€aggravated€assault€upon€her.€€Nor,€in€our€opinion,€wasÐ ”ä Ðit€incidental€to€the€aggravated€sexual€battery€that€commenced€after€the€Defendant€had€ordered€herÐ €Ð Ðto€disrobe€and€lie€on€the€floor.€€The€proof€at€trial€indicated€that€the€Defendant€ordered€the€victimsÐ l¼ Ðto€undress€so€that€he€could€search€their€clothes€for€money€after€they€told€him€that€they€didnððt€haveÐ X ¨ Ðany.€€He€continued€to€hold€them€at€gunpoint€for€some€period€of€time€while€he€repeated€his€demandsÐ D!” Ðfor€money.€€He€did€not€begin€committing€the€aggravated€sexual€battery€upon€Ms.€Guzy€until€itÐ 0"€  Ðbecame€clear€that€he€was€not€going€to€get€any€money,€and€he€decided€that€he€could€get€his€moneyððsÐ #l! Ðworth€by€Ms.€Guzy€ð ðworking€it€outðð€with€him.€€Thus,€there€was€some€period€of€time€during€whichÐ $X" Ðthe€Defendant€restrained€Ms.€Guzy€at€gunpoint€which€was€not€incidental€to€either€the€initialÐ ô$D # Ðaggravated€assault,€or€to€the€subsequent€aggravated€sexual€battery.€€€€Ð à%0!$ ÐÌà  àThus,€we€consider€the€second€prong€of€the€òòDixonóó€analysis:€€did€the€Defendantððs€confinementÐ ¸'#& Ðof€Ms.€Guzy€on€the€living€room€floor€prevent€her€from€summoning€help,€lessen€the€Defendantððs€riskÐ ¤(ô#' Ðof€detection,€or€increase€her€risk€of€harm?€€For€the€same€reasons€set€forth€above€with€respect€to€Mr.Ð )à$( ÐWilliams,€we€find€that€the€Defendantððs€actions€in€restraining€Ms.€Guzy€both€prevented€her€fromÐ |*Ì%) Ðsummoning€help€and€increased€her€risk€of€harm.€€The€restraint€therefore€supports€a€separateÐ h+¸&* Ðconviction€for€the€especially€aggravated€kidnapping€of€Ms.€Guzy.€€Accordingly,€we€hold€that€theÐ ° ÐDefendantððs€convictions€for€especially€aggravated€kidnapping€do€not€violate€his€due€process€rightsÐ œì Ðunder€òòAnthonyóó€and€this€issue€is€therefore€without€merit.€Ð ˆØ ÐÌà@‚‚ìàò òII.€€ELECTION€OF€OFFENSESó óˆÐ `° Ðà  àIn€his€next€issue€the€Defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€not€requiring€the€StateÐ L œ Ðto€elect€which€proof€it€was€relying€on€in€support€of€the€aggravated€sexual€battery€charge.€€HeÐ 8 ˆ Ðcontends€that€some€members€of€the€jury€may€have€convicted€him€of€aggravated€sexual€battery€basedÐ $ t Ðupon€his€touching€Ms.€Guzy€in€the€living€room,€and€some€of€them€may€have€convicted€him€of€theÐ  ` Ðcrime€based€on€his€conduct€in€the€bedroom,€thereby€violating€his€constitutional€right€to€a€unanimousÐ ü L  Ðverdict.€€òòSeeóó€òòBurlison€v.€Stateóó,€501€S.W.2d€801,€804€(Tenn.€1973)€(finding€that€the€right€to€aÐ è 8  Ðunanimous€jury€verdict€is€ð ðfundamental,€immediately€touching€the€constitutional€rights€of€anÐ Ô$  Ðaccusedððòòóó).€€The€State€responds€that€it€elected€the€offense€upon€which€it€was€relying€during€its€closingÐ À  Ðargument.׃×Ý ƒ*#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð ¬ü  ÐÌà  àIn€this€case€the€State€submitted€proof€of€two€episodes€of€conduct€which€would€haveÐ „Ô  Ðsupported€a€conviction€for€aggravated€sexual€battery:€€when€the€Defendant€touched€Ms.€GuzyððsÐ pÀ Ðbreasts€and€thighs€as€she€lay€naked€on€the€living€room€floor€while€he€held€a€pistol,€and€when€he€laterÐ \¬ Ðpinned€her€to€the€bed€in€the€back€room€and,€according€to€Ms.€Guzyððs€testimony,€engaged€inÐ H˜ Ðintercourse.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„504(a)(1),€(a)(3)(A).€€Where€the€proof€at€trial€indicatesÐ 4„ Ðthat€the€defendant€has€committed€multiple€instances€of€the€charged€crime€against€the€victim,€theÐ  p Ðprosecution€must€elect€the€particular€instance€for€which€the€conviction€is€sought.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.Ð  \ ÐKendrickóó,€38€S.W.3d€566,€568€(Tenn.€2001)€(quoting€òòState€v.€Brownóó,€992€S.W.2d€389,€391€(Tenn.Ð øH Ð1991)).€€ð ðThe€paramount€importance€of€the€election€requirement€is€that€it€protects€a€defendantððs€rightÐ ä4 Ðto€a€unanimous€jury€verdict€under€the€Tennessee€Constitution€by€ensuring€that€jurors€deliberate€overÐ Ð  Ðand€render€a€verdict€based€on€the€same€offense.ðð€€òòId.óó€€Accordingly,€when€the€prosecution€offersÐ ¼  Ðevidence€of€multiple€discrete€acts,€each€of€which€would€support€a€conviction€of€the€charged€offense,Ð ¨ø Ðthe€trial€court€should€require€the€prosecution€to€elect€which€proof€it€is€relying€upon€in€seeking€theÐ ”ä Ðconviction.€€òòSeeóó€òòBurlisonóó,€501€S.W.2d€at€804.€€In€this€case,€the€trial€court€failed€to€do€so.Ð €Ð ÐÌà  àNevertheless,€during€his€summation,€the€prosecutor€did,€in€effect,€elect€which€proof€€he€wasÐ X ¨ Ðrelying€upon€in€support€of€the€aggravated€sexual€battery€charge.€€At€the€beginning€of€his€closingÐ D!” Ðargument,€the€prosecutor€summarized€each€of€the€counts€against€the€Defendant.€€With€respect€to€theÐ 0"€  Ðaggravated€sexual€battery€charge,€the€prosecutor€stated,€ð ðCount€7,€aggravated€sexual€battery,€fondlingÐ #l! ÐRebekah€on€the€floor€in€the€front€room€while€she€was€naked.ðð€€This€Court€has€previously€held€thatÐ $X" Ða€prosecutorððs€closing€argument€may€effectively€serve€as€an€election€of€offenses.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.Ð ô$D # ÐWilliam€Dearryóó,€No.€03C01„9612„CC„00462,€1998€WL€47946,€at€*13€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Knoxville,Ð à%0!$ ÐFeb.€6,€1998).€€We€find€an€effective€election€of€offenses€in€this€case,€as€well.€€Accordingly,€this€issueÐ Ì&"% Ðis€without€merit.€€€€€€Ð ¸'#& ÐÐ ¤(ô#' Ðà@û û ìàò òIII.€€MERGER€OF€ASSAULT€CONVICTIONSó óˆÐ ° Ðà  àIn€his€next€issue€the€Defendant€contends€that€his€two€convictions€for€simple€assault€shouldÐ œì Ðhave€been€merged€with€his€conviction€for€the€aggravated€assault€arising€from€his€placing€the€pistolÐ ˆØ Ðin€Mr.€Williamsðð€mouth.€€The€Defendant€contends€that€Gravesððs€hitting€Mr.€Williams€in€the€face;Ð tÄ Ðthe€subsequent€kicking€of€Mr.€Williams€by€each€of€the€three€men;€and€the€placing€of€the€gun€in€Mr.Ð `° ÐWilliamsðð€mouth€ð ðwas€one€continuing€assaultðð€and€that€the€three€convictions€are€therefore€Ð L œ Ðmultiplicitous.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Phillipsóó,€924€S.W.2d€662,€665€(Tenn.€1996)€(ð ðMultiplicity€concerns€theÐ 8 ˆ Ðdivision€of€conduct€into€discrete€offenses,€creating€several€offenses€out€of€a€single€offense.ðð)€€TheÐ $ t ÐState€disagrees.׃×Ý ƒ*#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð  ` ÐÌà  àMultiple€convictions€and/or€punishments€for€the€same€offense€violate€the€federal€and€state€Ð è 8  Ðconstitutional€prohibitions€against€double€jeopardy.€€òòSeeóó€U.S.€Const.€amend.€V;€Tenn.€Const.€Art.Ð Ô$  ÐI,€ðð€10.€€In€òòState€v.€Dentonóó,€938€S.W.2d€373€(Tenn.€1996),€our€supreme€court€established€aÐ À  Ðframework€for€determining€whether€a€defendant€has€received€multiple€punishments€for€the€ð ðsameÐ ¬ü  Ðoffense.ðð€€The€reviewing€court€must€consider€(1)€the€statutory€elements€of€the€offenses,€(2)€theÐ ˜è  Ðevidence€used€to€prove€the€offenses,€(3)€whether€there€were€multiple€victims€or€discrete€acts,€and€(4)Ð „Ô  Ðthe€purposes€of€the€respective€statutes.€€òòId.óó€at€381.€€Ð pÀ ÐÌà  àWe€agree€with€the€Defendant€that€the€two€convictions€of€assault€should€be€merged€into€aÐ H˜ Ðsingle€conviction.€€A€defendant€can€commit€assault€in€any€of€three€ways:€€by€intentionally,€knowinglyÐ 4„ Ðor€recklessly€causing€bodily€injury€to€the€victim;€by€intentionally€or€knowingly€causing€the€victimÐ  p Ðto€reasonably€fear€imminent€bodily€injury;€or€by€intentionally€or€knowingly€causing€physical€contactÐ  \ Ðwith€the€victim€that€a€reasonable€person€would€regard€as€extremely€offensive€or€provocative.€€òòSeeóóÐ øH ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„101(a).€€In€this€case,€both€of€the€assaults€with€which€the€Defendant€wasÐ ä4 Ðcharged€were€based€on€the€Defendantððs€causing€bodily€injury€to€Mr.€Williams.€€Both€charges€aroseÐ Ð  Ðout€of€a€short€period€of€time€during€which€one€of€the€perpetrators€struck€Mr.€Williams€in€the€face,Ð ¼  Ðfollowed€by€all€three€perpetrators€kicking€Mr.€Williams€when€he€subsequently€fell€to€the€floor.€€ThatÐ ¨ø Ðis,€both€convictions€arose€out€of€a€single€attack.€€In€òòState€v.€Pelayoóó,€881€S.W.2d€7€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð ”ä Ð1994),€the€defendant€attacked€the€victim€in€her€residence€with€a€knife,€cutting€her€arm.€€When€sheÐ €Ð Ðtried€to€flee,€the€defendant€chased€the€victim€outside€and€there€cut€her€on€the€leg.€€The€defendant€wasÐ l¼ Ðconvicted€of€two€counts€of€aggravated€assault.€€This€Court€reversed€and€set€aside€one€of€theÐ X ¨ Ðconvictions€on€double€jeopardy€grounds,€finding€that€the€multiple€stab€wounds€arose€out€of€a€singleÐ D!” Ðact.€€òòId.óó€at€13.€€€€In€setting€aside€one€of€the€convictions,€this€Court€noted,€ð ðwe€find€nothing€in€theÐ 0"€  Ð[aggravated€assault]€statute€to€indicate€that€the€legislature€intended€for€defendants€to€be€punishedÐ #l! Ðseparately€for€each€blow€or€injury.ðð€€òòId.óó€€€We€think€the€òòPelayoóó€analysis€applies€to€the€DefendantððsÐ $X" Ðdual€assault€convictions.€€Accordingly,€we€reverse€his€conviction€of€assault€based€on€Count€3€of€theÐ ô$D # Ðindictment€and€dismiss€that€charge.Ð à%0!$ ÐÐ Ì&"% Ðà  àWe€find,€however,€that€the€remaining€assault€conviction€need€not€be€merged€into€theÐ ° Ðaggravated€assault€conviction.€€Applying€the€òòDentonóó€analysis,€we€first€note€that€each€of€theseÐ œì Ðoffenses€required€an€element€that€the€other€one€did€not.€€That€is,€the€assault€(as€charged€in€this€case)Ð ˆØ Ðrequired€proof€of€bodily€injury,€whereas€the€aggravated€assault€(as€charged€in€this€case)€did€not.€€TheÐ tÄ Ðaggravated€assault,€on€the€other€hand,€required€the€use€or€display€of€a€deadly€weapon;€the€assault€didÐ `° Ðnot.€€This€initial€determination€therefore€indicates€that€the€two€offenses€should€not€be€considered€oneÐ L œ Ðfor€double€jeopardy€purposes.Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌà  àNext,€we€consider€the€evidence€used€to€prove€the€offenses.€€Clearly,€the€evidence€relied€uponÐ  ` Ðby€the€State€to€prove€the€assaults€was€different€than€that€used€to€prove€the€aggravated€assault.€€TheÐ ü L  Ðassaults€were€based€on€the€attackersðð€hitting€and€kicking€Mr.€Williams;€the€aggravated€assault€wasÐ è 8  Ðbased€upon€the€Defendant€sticking€a€gun€barrel€in€Mr.€Williamsðð€mouth.€€This€factor,€too,€supportsÐ Ô$  Ðseparate€offenses.€€Similarly,€the€offenses€were€committed€by€discrete€acts:€€a€third€factor€weighingÐ À  Ðin€favor€of€two€different€crimes.Ð ¬ü  ÐÌà  àFinally,€a€comparison€of€the€purposes€of€the€respective€statutes€reveals€that€both€statutes€areÐ „Ô  Ðaimed€at€prohibiting€behavior€which€causes€injury€and/or€fear€of€imminent€injury.€€However,€theÐ pÀ Ðportions€of€the€statutes€charged€in€this€case€are€aimed€at€different€evils:€€attacking€a€fellow€humanÐ \¬ Ðbeing€with€only€oneððs€hands€(or€feet),€and€attacking€a€fellow€human€being€with€a€deadly€weapon.€Ð H˜ ÐThe€potential€levels€of€harm€inherent€in€each€of€these€forms€of€attack€are,€generally€speaking,€vastlyÐ 4„ Ðdifferent.€€We€have€no€trouble€concluding,€then,€that€the€legislature€intended€that€a€defendant€whoÐ  p Ðuses€both€of€these€levels€of€attack,€even€on€a€single€victim€during€a€single€episode,€should€be€subjectÐ  \ Ðto€separate€convictions€and€separate€punishments.€€Accordingly,€we€find€without€merit€theÐ øH ÐDefendantððs€contention€that€his€convictions€for€assault€and€aggravated€assault€should€be€merged.Ð ä4 ÐÌà@q q ìàò òIV.€€IMPROPER€SUMMATION€BY€STATEó óˆÐ ¼  Ðà  àIn€his€next€issue€the€Defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€should€have€granted€him€aÐ ¨ø Ðmistrial,€or€at€least€have€issued€a€curative€instruction,€following€a€portion€of€the€prosecutorððs€closingÐ ”ä Ðargument.€€We€agree€with€the€State€that€the€Defendant€has€waived€this€issue€because€he€did€notÐ €Ð Ðobject€at€the€time€that€the€prosecutor€made€the€allegedly€improper€remarks.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.Ð l¼ Ð36(a);€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€42€S.W.3d€101,€112€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€2000).€€Moreover,€the€DefendantððsÐ X ¨ Ðcontentions€fail€on€the€merits.Ð D!” ÐÌà  àDuring€his€summation,€defense€counsel€argued€that€Graves€and€Azcarate€were€treated€moreÐ #l! Ðfavorably€by€the€State€in€the€prosecution€of€these€crimes€than€was€the€Defendant.€€Azcarate€testifiedÐ $X" Ðat€trial€that€he€had€pled€guilty€to€especially€aggravated€burglary€and€aggravated€assault€in€connectionÐ ô$D # Ðwith€the€attack€on€the€victims,€and€received€an€effective€sentence€of€thirteen€years.€€The€State€Ð à%0!$ Ðdismissed€the€charges€against€him€for€aggravated€rape,€three€additional€counts€of€aggravated€assault,Ð Ì&"% Ðaggravated€sexual€battery,€and€two€counts€of€especially€aggravated€kidnapping.€€Graves€testified€thatÐ ¸'#& Ðhe€was€facing€the€same€charges€as€was€the€Defendant,€but€had€not€yet€gone€to€trial€or€otherwiseÐ ¤(ô#' Ðresolved€these€charges.€€In€response€to€the€Defendantððs€argument,€the€prosecutor€stated:Ð )à$( Ðà  àà8 ` àAnd€he€talks€about€all€this€unequalness,€about€Mike€McCann€beingÐ |*Ì%) Ðsingled€out.€€Who€was€the€leader€of€this€enterprise?€€Who€had€the€gunÐ h+¸&* Ðwhen€they€came€into€the€house?€€Who€told€the€other€two€to€go€to€theÐ ° Ðresidence€to€begin€with?€€Who€kicked€the€door€open?€€Who€gave€theÐ œì Ðorders€to€undress?€€Who€fondled€Rebekah?€€Who€ordered€her€to€theÐ ˆØ Ðback€room?€€Who€forced€her€legs€open,€climbed€on€top€of€her,€heldÐ tÄ Ðher€arms€back€and€raped€her?€€Who€said€heððd€be€back?€€Who€said€toÐ `° Ðget€down€because€heððd€fire€shots?€€Who€fired€the€shots?€€By€his€ownÐ L œ Ðadmission,€who€ordered€the€other€two€to€untie€David?€€Who€was€inÐ 8 ˆ Ðcontrol?€€Who€had€seven€convictions€already?€€Itððs€time€for€his€timeÐ $ t Ðof€[sic]€reign€and€[sic]€terror€to€end,€and€I€ask€you€to€end€it€today.Ð `` x` x ÐÌIt€is€the€latter€two€sentences€about€which€the€Defendant€complains.Ð è 8  ÐÌà  àTrial€courts€have€substantial€discretionary€authority€in€determining€the€propriety€of€finalÐ À  Ðargument,€and€although€counsel€is€generally€given€wide€latitude,€trial€judges€must€restrict€anyÐ ¬ü  Ðimproper€commentary.€€òòSeeóó€òòCoker€v.€Stateóó,€911€S.W.2d€357,€368€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€òòóóClosingÐ ˜è  Ðarguments€must€be€temperate,€must€be€based€upon€evidence€introduced€during€trial,€and€must€beÐ „Ô  Ðrelevant€to€the€issues€at€trial.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Suttonóó,€562€S.W.2d€820,€823€(Tenn.€1978).€€The€StateÐ pÀ Ðshould€refrain€from€argument€designed€to€inflame€or€incite€the€emotions€of€the€jury.€€òòSeeóó€òòCoker€óó,€911Ð \¬ ÐS.W.2d€at€368.€€Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àWhen€a€prosecutor€makes€improper€comments€during€closing€argument,€we€must€determine€Ð  p Ðð ðwhether€the€impropriety€ððaffected€the€verdict€to€the€prejudice€of€the€defendant.ððððòòóó€€òòState€v.€Bigbeeóó,Ð  \ Ð885€S.W.2d€797,€809€(Tenn.€1994)€(quoting€òòHarrington€v.€Stateóó,€385€S.W.2d€758,€759€(Tenn.€1965)).€Ð øH ÐThe€factors€to€aid€us€in€making€this€determination€include:Ð ä4 Ðà  àà8 ` à(1)€the€conduct€complained€of€viewed€in€light€of€the€facts€andÐ Ð  Ðcircumstances€of€the€case;м ` x` x Ðà  àà8 ` à(2)€the€curative€measures€undertaken€by€the€court€and€theÐ ¨ø Ðprosecution;Дä` x` x Ðà  àà8 ` à(3)€the€intent€of€the€prosecutor€in€making€the€improper€arguments;ЀÐ` x` x Ðà  àà8 ` à(4)€the€cumulative€effect€of€the€improper€conduct€and€any€other€errorsÐ l¼ Ðin€the€record;€andÐX ¨` x` x Ðà  àà8 ` à(5)€the€relative€strength€and€weakness€of€the€case.ÐD!”` x` x ÐÌòòId.óó€(quoting€òòState€v.€Buckóó,€670€S.W.2d€600,€609€(Tenn.€1984)).€€Furthermore,€because€the€DefendantÐ #l! Ðwaived€this€issue€at€trial,€this€Court€will€not€grant€relief€on€this€issue€unless€the€alleged€prosecutorialÐ $X" Ðmisconduct€rises€to€the€level€of€ð ðplain€error,ðð€affecting€a€ð ðsubstantial€rightðð€of€the€accused.€€òòSeeóóÐ ô$D # ÐTenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€52(b);€òòState€v.€Adkissonóó,€899€S.W.2d€626,€639€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€Ð à%0!$ ÐÌà  àIn€this€case,€the€prosecutorððs€reference€to€the€Defendantððs€prior€convictions€followed€by€anÐ ¸'#& Ðentreaty€that€the€jury€end€his€ð ðreign€of€terrorðð€was€improper€argument.€€The€Defendantððs€priorÐ ¤(ô#' Ðconvictions€had€been€admitted€at€trial€for€impeachment€purposes€only:€€not€as€substantive€evidenceÐ )à$( Ðthat€he€had€a€bad€character,€or€as€proof€that€he€deserved€to€be€convicted€of€the€present€charges.€€TheÐ |*Ì%) Ðtrial€court€should€have€issued€a€curative€instruction€òòsuaóó€òòsponteóó,€but€failed€to€do€so.€€Nevertheless,€weÐ h+¸&* Ðdo€not€think€that€this€€portion€of€the€Stateððs€argument€was€so€inappropriate€as€to€have€affected€theÐ ° Ðjuryððs€verdict€to€the€Defendantððs€prejudice.€€The€jury€acquitted€the€Defendant€of€aggravated€rape,€oneÐ œì Ðof€the€most€serious€charges€he€faced,€and€convicted€him€of€a€lesser€included€offense€of€the€chargeÐ ˆØ Ðof€aggravated€burglary.€€Clearly,€the€jury€was€not€determined€to€convict€the€Defendant€at€all€costs.€Ð tÄ ÐThe€Stateððs€case€against€the€Defendant€was€strong,€including€testimony€by€both€of€his€codefendants.€Ð `° ÐAlthough€not€raised€on€appeal,€the€evidence€was€more€than€sufficient€to€support€the€DefendantððsÐ L œ Ðconvictions€in€this€case.€€The€cumulative€effect€of€the€improper€argument€and€other€errors€in€theÐ 8 ˆ Ðrecord€is€simply€not€so€prejudicial€as€to€require€this€Court€to€set€aside€the€juryððs€verdict.€€This€issueÐ $ t Ðis€without€merit.Ð  ` ÐÌà@ÄÄ#ìàò òV.€€SENTENCINGó óˆÐ è 8  Ðà  àThe€Defendant€complains€about€his€sentence,€contending€that€the€trial€court€erred€inÐ Ô$  Ðclassifying€him€as€a€Range€II€multiple€offender€with€respect€to€two€of€his€convictions,€and€in€refusingÐ À  Ðto€apply€any€mitigating€factors.€€The€Defendant€further€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€orderingÐ ¬ü  Ðpartially€consecutive€sentences.€Ð ˜è  ÐÌà  àÔ‡XÓöXXXÓöÔWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€length,€range,€or€manner€of€service€of€a€sentence,€this€CourtÐ pÀ Ðhas€a€duty€to€conduct€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€of€the€sentence€with€a€presumption€that€the€determinationsÐ \¬ Ðmade€by€the€trial€court€are€correct.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€This€presumption€isÐ H˜ Ðð ðconditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencingÐ 4„ Ðprinciples€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances.ðð€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.Ð  p Ð1991).€€It€is€the€Defendantððs€burden€to€demonstrate€that€his€sentence€is€improper.€€òòId.óóÐ  \ ÐÌà  àWhen€conducting€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€of€a€sentence,€this€Court€must€consider:€(a)€the€evidence,Ð ä4 Ðif€any,€received€at€the€trial€and€sentencing€hearing;€(b)€the€presentence€report;€(c)€the€principles€ofÐ Ð  Ðsentencing€and€arguments€as€to€sentencing€alternatives;€(d)€the€nature€and€characteristics€of€theÐ ¼  Ðcriminal€conduct€involved;€(e)€any€statutory€mitigating€or€enhancement€factors;€(f)€any€statementÐ ¨ø Ðmade€by€the€defendant€regarding€sentencing;€and€(g)€the€potential€or€lack€of€potential€forÐ ”ä Ðrehabilitation€or€treatment.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€40„35„102,€„103,€„210Ô#†XÓöXXXÓöþš#ÔÔ‡XÓöXXXÓöÔ;€òòState€v.€Breweróó,€875Ð €Ð ÐS.W.2d€298,€302€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993);€òòState€v.€Thomasóó,€755€S.W.2d€838,€844€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð l¼ ÐApp.€1988).Ð X ¨ ÐÌà  àIf€our€review€reflects€that€the€trial€court€followed€the€statutory€sentencing€procedure,€that€theÐ 0"€  Ðcourt€imposed€a€lawful€sentence€after€having€given€due€consideration€and€proper€weight€to€theÐ #l! Ðfactors€and€principles€set€out€under€the€sentencing€law,€and€that€the€trial€courtððs€findings€of€fact€areÐ $X" Ðadequately€supported€by€the€record,€then€we€may€not€modify€the€sentence€even€if€we€would€haveÐ ô$D # Ðpreferred€a€different€result.€€òòState€v.€Pikeóó,€978€S.W.2d€904,€926„27€(Tenn.€1998);€òòState€v.€Fletcheróó,Ð à%0!$ Ð805€S.W.2d€785,€789€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).Ð Ì&"% Ðâ âÔ#†XÓöXXXÓöÍ #ÔÐ ¸'#& Ðà  àAt€the€sentencing€hearing€the€State€introduced€the€presentence€report€and€queried€theÐ ° ÐDefendant€about€his€prior€convictions.׃×Ý ƒ*#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€Defendant€admitted€to€having€committed€the€four€priorÐ œì Ðâ âfelonies€listed.€€The€trial€court,€prosecutor€and€defense€counsel€each€questioned€the€Defendant€aboutÐ ˆØ Ðwhether€the€four€prior€felonies€had€been€committed€on€different€days,€as€the€presentence€report€wasÐ tÄ Ðunclear:€€two€of€the€felonies€list€the€date€of€event€and€the€date€of€conviction€as€the€same.€€TheÐ `° Ðremaining€two€felonies€(sales€of€marijuana)€list€event€dates€of€August€14,€1993€and€September€10,Ð L œ Ð1993,€with€conviction€dates€of€February€21,€1994.€€When€asked€by€the€trial€court€whether€the€twoÐ 8 ˆ Ðevent€dates€for€these€two€felonies€were€correct,€the€Defendant€replied,€ð ðThey€seem€correct,€yes,€sir.ðð€Ð $ t ÐThe€Defendant€subsequently€testified€that€he€couldnððt€specifically€remember€whether€the€marijuanaÐ  ` Ðoffenses€occurred€on€different€dates.Ð ü L  ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€determined€the€Defendant€to€be€a€Range€II€multiple€offender€for€purposes€ofÐ Ô$  Ðsentencing€him€on€the€aggravated€assault€convictions.€€A€defendant€may€be€sentenced€as€a€multipleÐ À  Ðoffender€if€he€or€she€has€received€a€ð ðminimum€of€two€(2)€but€not€more€than€four€(4)€prior€felonyÐ ¬ü  Ðconvictions€within€the€conviction€class,€a€higher€class,€or€within€the€next€two€(2)€lower€felonyÐ ˜è  Ðclasses,€where€applicable.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„106(a)(1).€€Aggravated€assaults€of€the€typeÐ „Ô  Ðcommitted€by€the€Defendant€are€Class€C€felonies.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€ðð€39„13„102(d).€€The€DefendantððsÐ pÀ Ðmarijuana€convictions€are€Class€E€felonies.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€ðð€39„17„417(g)(1).€€Thus,€the€Defendantððs€priorÐ \¬ Ðfelonies€render€him€eligible€for€multiple€offender€status€as€to€the€aggravated€assault€convictions.׃ Ü×Ý ƒ*#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àHowever,€to€be€considered€separate€ð ðprior€felony€convictions,ðð€the€marijuana€sales€could€notÐ  p Ðhave€been€committed€ð ðas€part€of€a€single€course€of€conduct€within€twenty„four€(24)€hours.ðð€€òòId.óó€ðð€40„Ð  \ Ð35„106(b)(4).€€This€is€the€reason€for€the€trial€courtððs€concern€in€determining€whether€the€DefendantððsÐ øH Ðsales€of€marijuana€occurred€on€different€days.Ð ä4 ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€concluded€that€the€Defendantððs€prior€felonies€arose€from€events€occurring€onÐ ¼  Ðdifferent€days,€in€spite€of€some€conflicting€testimony€from€the€Defendant.€€The€Defendant€now€asksÐ ¨ø Ðus€to€second„guess€the€trial€courtððs€finding€of€fact€with€respect€to€this€issue.€€We€decline€to€do€so.€Ð ”ä ÐThe€trial€court€had€not€only€the€Defendantððs€own€testimony€on€which€to€base€its€decision,€but€theÐ €Ð Ðpresentence€report,€as€well.€€As€this€court€has€previously€noted,€a€presentence€report€is€reliableÐ l¼ Ðhearsay.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Bakeróó,€956€S.W.2d€8,€17€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997).€€The€presentence€report€inÐ X ¨ Ðthis€case€indicates€two€different€event€dates€for€the€two€prior€felony€convictions€at€issue.€€Thus,€weÐ D!” Ðhold€that€the€evidence,€while€not€without€some€ambiguity,€is€sufficient€to€support€the€trial€courtððsÐ 0"€  Ðdetermination€that€the€Defendant€is,€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt,€a€multiple€offender€with€respect€toÐ #l! Ðthe€aggravated€assault€convictions.€€Accordingly,€this€issue€is€without€merit.òòóóÐ $X" Їà  àIn€sentencing€the€Defendant€for€the€aggravated€assault€convictions,€the€trial€court€determinedÐ ° Ðthat€three€enhancement€factors€applied:€€the€Defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€criminal€convictionsÐ œì Ðor€criminal€behavior€in€addition€to€those€necessary€to€establish€the€appropriate€range;€the€DefendantÐ ˆØ Ðwas€a€leader€in€the€commission€of€an€offense€involving€two€or€more€criminal€actors;€and€the€crimesÐ tÄ Ðwere€committed€while€the€Defendant€was€on€release€status€from€a€prior€felony€conviction.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.Ð `° ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(1),€(2),€(13).€€The€trial€court€found€that€no€mitigating€factors€applied.€Ð L œ ÐAccordingly,€the€trial€court€sentenced€the€Defendant€to€the€maximum€term€of€ten€years€on€each€ofÐ 8 ˆ Ðthe€aggravated€assault€convictions.׃ ×Ý ƒ*#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€trial€court€applied€the€same€enhancement€factors€to€theÐ $ t Ðespecially€aggravated€kidnapping€convictions,€Class€A€felonies,׃ T×Ý ƒ*#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€and€again€applied€no€mitigatingÐ  ` Ðfactors.€€Accordingly,€the€trial€court€sentenced€the€Defendant€to€the€maximum€term€of€twenty„fiveÐ ü L  Ðyears׃ à×Ý ƒ*#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€on€each€of€these€convictions.€€The€trial€court€applied€the€first€and€third€of€these€threeÐ è 8  Ðenhancement€factors,€and€no€mitigating€factors,€to€the€aggravated€sexual€battery€conviction,€a€ClassÐ Ô$  ÐB€felony.׃0×Ý ƒ*#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Accordingly,€the€trial€court€sentenced€the€Defendant€to€a€mid„range€term€of€ten€years׃¼×Ý ƒ*#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú9Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€onÐ À  Ðthis€conviction.׃H ×Ý ƒ*#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú10Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Ð ¬ü  ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€does€not€challenge€the€trial€courtððs€application€of€the€enhancement€factors;Ð „Ô  Ðrather€he€complains€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€failing€to€apply€two€mitigating€factors.€€TheÐ pÀ ÐDefendant€asserts€that€the€trial€court€should€have€mitigated€his€sentences€on€the€basis€that€theÐ \¬ ÐDefendant,€who€was€twenty„four€years€old€at€the€time€he€committed€these€offenses,€lackedÐ H˜ Ðsubstantial€judgment€in€committing€the€crimes€because€of€his€youth.€€òòSee€id.óó€ðð€40„35„113(6).€€HeÐ 4„ Ðalso€asserts€that,€as€to€his€especially€aggravated€kidnapping€convictions,€the€trial€court€should€haveÐ  p Ðconsidered€as€a€mitigating€factor€that€he€voluntarily€released€the€victims€alive.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€ðð€39„13„Ð  \ Ð305(b)(2).€€Ð øH ÐÌà  àThe€record€simply€does€not€support€a€finding€that€the€Defendant,€because€of€his€ð ðyouth,ððÐ Ð  Ðlacked€substantial€judgment€in€committing€these€crimes.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.€€However,€weÐ ¼  Ðagree€with€the€Defendant€that€the€trial€court€should€have€considered€in€mitigation€of€the€DefendantððsÐ ¨ø Ðsentences€on€the€especially€aggravated€kidnapping€convictions,€that€he€voluntarily€released€theÐ ”ä Ðvictims€alive.€€The€especially€aggravated€kidnapping€statute€mandates€consideration€of€this€factorÐ €Ð Ðin€sentencing.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€€€We€note,€though,€that€the€Sentencing€Commission€Comments€to€thisÐ l¼ Ðprovision€state€that€the€court€is€required€to€consider€ð ðthe€voluntary€òòsafeóó€release€of€the€victimððÐ ° Ð(emphasis€added).€€Here,€the€proof€established€that€both€victims€suffered€physical€and/orÐ œì Ðpsychological€injuries€from€the€crimes€committed€in€conjunction€with€the€kidnappings,€whichÐ ˆØ Ðrequired€treatment€following€their€release.€€Thus,€although€marginally€applicable,€we€do€not€believeÐ tÄ Ðthat€this€mitigating€factor€would€have€been€entitled€to€much,€if€any,€weight.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€WinfordÐ `° ÐLee€Pipkinóó,€No.€01C01„9605„CR„00210,€1997€WL€749430,€at€*8€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Nashville,€Dec.Ð L œ Ð4,€1997)€(finding€factor€entitled€to€little,€if€any,€weight€where€victim€raped€five€times€during€courseÐ 8 ˆ Ðof€kidnapping€and€victim€ð ðsuffered€in€several€ways€following€the€commission€of€the€criminal€acts.ðð)€Ð $ t ÐAccordingly,€the€Defendant€is€entitled€to€no€reduction€in€his€sentences€on€the€especially€aggravatedÐ  ` Ðkidnappings€on€the€basis€of€this€mitigating€factor.Ð ü L  Ðò òó óÌà  àFinally,€the€Defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€ordering€his€sentences€for€the€twoÐ Ô$  Ðaggravated€assaults€and€the€aggravated€sexual€battery€to€run€consecutively€to€each€other,€for€anÐ À  Ðeffective€sentence€of€thirty€years.€€The€trial€court€ordered€partial€consecutive€sentencing€on€the€basisÐ ¬ü  Ðthat€the€Defendant€is€an€offender€whose€record€of€criminal€activity€is€extensive,€and€that€he€is€aÐ ˜è  Ðdangerous€offender€whose€behavior€indicates€little€or€no€regard€for€human€life,€and€no€hesitationÐ „Ô  Ðabout€committing€a€crime€in€which€the€risk€to€human€life€is€high.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„Ð pÀ Ð115(b)(2),€(4).€€With€respect€to€finding€the€Defendant€a€dangerous€offender,€the€trial€court€furtherÐ \¬ Ðfound€that€an€extended€sentence€was€necessary€to€protect€the€public€against€further€criminal€activityÐ H˜ Ðby€the€Defendant,€and€that€the€length€of€his€sentence€was€reasonably€related€to€the€severity€of€theÐ 4„ Ðcrimes€he€committed.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Wilkersonóó,€905€S.W.2d€933,€939€(Tenn.€1995).Ð  p ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€contends€that€his€consecutive€sentences€cannot€be€justified€ð ð[c]onsidering€theÐ øH Ðnonviolent€nature€of€[his]€previous€crimes€and€the€disparity€of€the€length€of€[his]€sentence€comparedÐ ä4 Ðto€the€sentences€of€his€[c]odefendants.ðð€€We€respectfully€disagree.€€Including€the€convictions€arisingÐ Ð  Ðfrom€his€attack€on€Ms.€Guzy€and€Mr.€Williams,€the€Defendant€has€already€committed€nineteenÐ ¼  Ðcrimes€for€which€he€has€been€convicted.€€While€we€agree€with€the€Defendant€that€most€of€his€priorÐ ¨ø Ðcrimes€were€nonviolent,€the€instant€attack€makes€clear€that€the€Defendant€has€ð ðgraduatedðð€to€violentÐ ”ä Ðcrimes€made€even€more€dangerous€by€the€use€of€a€deadly€weapon.€€The€record€supports€the€trialÐ €Ð Ðcourtððs€determination€that€the€Defendant€is€an€offender€whose€record€of€criminal€activity€isÐ l¼ Ðextensive,€and€this€factor€alone€is€sufficient€to€support€consecutive€sentencing.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ð X ¨ Ððð€40„35„115(b).€Ð D!” ÐÌà  àWe€also€agree€with€the€trial€court€that€the€Defendant€is€a€dangerous€offender€within€theÐ #l! Ðmeaning€of€the€consecutive€sentencing€statute.€€He€committed€these€crimes€with€a€loaded€pistol€andÐ $X" Ðtwo€cohorts€in€a€manner€that€made€it€virtually€impossible€for€the€victims€to€escape€or€obtain€help.€Ð ô$D # ÐThey€were€literally€at€the€Defendantððs€mercy€while€he€attacked€them€in€their€own€house€in€the€middleÐ à%0!$ Ðof€the€night€and€held€them€captive€€at€gunpoint.€€When€the€Defendant€did€not€get€the€money€heÐ Ì&"% Ðdemanded,€he€resorted€to€physically€assaulting€Mr.€Williams€and€sexually€assaulting€Ms.€Guzy.€€€Ð ¸'#& ÐMoreover,€the€Defendant€committed€the€instant€crimes€while€on€release€status:€€making€clear€thatÐ ¤(ô#' Ðhe€cannot€be€trusted€to€restrain€himself€while€at€large.€€€The€Defendantððs€acts€were€reprehensible€€andÐ )à$( Ðsociety€must€be€protected€from€further€attacks€of€this€nature.€€The€effective€length€of€the€DefendantððsÐ |*Ì%) Ðsentence€is€ð ðjustly€deserved€in€relation€to€the€seriousness€of€the€offense[s]ðð€and€ð ðno€greater€than€thatÐ h+¸&* Ðdeservedðð€under€the€circumstances.€€òòSee€id.óó€ðððð€40„35„102(1),€„103(2);€òòState€v.€Laneóó,€3€S.W.3d€456,Ð ° Ð460€(Tenn.€1999).€€Accordingly,€we€find€no€error€in€the€trial€courtððs€ordering€partial€consecutiveÐ œì Ðsentences€for€the€Defendant,€and€this€issue€is€therefore€without€merit.€€€€€Ð ˆØ ÐÌà  àWith€respect€to€Gravesðð€and€Azcarateððs€sentences,€Azcarate€testified€that€he€pled€guilty€toÐ `° Ðaggravated€assault€and€especially€aggravated€burglary,€receiving€sentences€as€a€Range€I€standardÐ L œ Ðoffender€of€three€years€and€ten€years€incarceration,€respectively.€€The€record€also€contains€a€copy€ofÐ 8 ˆ Ðthe€judgments€entered€against€Azcarate,€indicating€that€the€sentences€were€ordered€to€runÐ $ t Ðconsecutively€for€an€effective€term€of€thirteen€years.€€Additionally,€pursuant€to€the€DefendantððsÐ  ` Ðmotion€for€consideration€of€post„judgment€facts,€the€Defendant€filed€with€this€Court€a€copy€ofÐ ü L  Ðjudgments€entered€against€Graves,€indicating€that€he€pled€guilty€to€aggravated€assault€and€especiallyÐ è 8  Ðaggravated€burglary€and€was€sentenced€as€a€Range€I€standard€offender€to€three€and€nine€years,Ð Ô$  Ðrespectively,€with€the€sentences€to€run€concurrently.Ð À  ÐÌà  àWe€acknowledge€that€one€of€the€purposes€of€the€Criminal€Sentencing€Reform€Act€of€1989Ð ˜è  Ðis€to€eliminate€ð ðunjustified€disparity€in€sentencing.ðð€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„102(2);€òòState€v.Ð „Ô  ÐJuan€Jerome€Bryantóó,€No.€01C01„9805„CR„00217,€1999€WL€308649,€at€*5€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,Ð pÀ ÐNashville,€May€18,€1999).€€The€Defendant€has€failed€to€demonstrate,€however,€how€the€differencesÐ \¬ Ðbetween€his€sentences€and€those€of€his€codefendants€are€ð ðunjustified.ðð€€There€is€nothing€in€the€recordÐ H˜ Ðto€inform€this€Court€about€the€proof€presented€at€the€codefendantsðð€sentencing€hearings,€or€about€theÐ 4„ Ðfindings€of€fact€underlying€the€sentencing€courtsðð€determinations.€€Moreover,€the€Defendantððs€roleÐ  p Ðin€these€crimes€was€significantly€greater€than€that€of€Graves€or€Azcarate.€€Based€on€the€informationÐ  \ Ðbefore€us,€we€decline€to€find€that€the€Defendant€is€entitled€to€have€his€sentences€reduced€on€the€basisÐ øH Ðof€the€sentences€his€codefendants€received.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.Ð ä4 ЀÌà@Z Z ìàò òVI.€€INEFFECTIVE€ASSISTANCE€OF€COUNSELó óˆÐ ¼  Ðà  àFinally,€the€Defendant€complains€that€he€received€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel€at€trial.€Ð ¨ø ÐHowever,€the€Defendant€failed€to€raise€this€issue€in€his€motion€for€new€trial.€€Accordingly,€this€issueÐ ”ä Ðis€waived€on€direct€appeal.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€3(e);€òòState€v.€Slater€Belcheróó,€No.€03C01„9608„CC„Ð €Ð Ð00299,€1997€WL€749392,€at€*6€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Knoxville,€Nov.€26,€1997).€€ð ðMoreover,€we€haveÐ l¼ Ðpreviously€warned€defendants€and€their€counsel€of€the€dangers€of€raising€the€issue€of€ineffectiveÐ X ¨ Ðassistance€of€trial€counsel€on€direct€appeal€because€of€the€significant€amount€of€development€and€factÐ D!” Ðfinding€such€an€issue€entails.ðð€€òòKendricks€v.€Stateóó,€13€S.W.3d€401,€405€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1999).€Ð 0"€  ÐTo€be€successful€on€a€claim€of€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel,€a€defendant€must€prove€by€clear€andÐ #l! Ðconvincing€evidence€that€his€counselððs€performance€was€deficient€in€some€way,€and€that€the€deficientÐ $X" Ðperformance€actually€prejudiced€the€defense.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Burnsóó,€6€S.W.3d€453,€461€(Tenn.€1999).€Ð ô$D # ÐHere,€the€Defendant€failed€to€raise€the€issue€in€his€motion€for€new€trial€and€was€therefore€in€noÐ à%0!$ Ðposition€to€present€proof€of€his€lawyerððs€performance€at€the€hearing€on€that€motion.€€Given€that€weÐ Ì&"% Ðhave€no€findings€of€fact€from€the€trial€court€before€us€on€this€issue,€it€is€inappropriate€for€us€toÐ ¸'#& Ðconsider€the€issue.€€òòSeeóó€òòBelcheróó,€1997€WL€749392,€at€*6.€€However,€the€Defendant€may€raise€thisÐ ¤(ô#' Ðissue€in€an€appropriate€post„conviction€proceeding€if€he€is€so€inclined.€€òòId.óó€€€€€Ð )à$( ÐÌÐ  h+¸&* Ðà@FF%ìàò òCONCLUSIONˆÐ ° Ðà  àó óThe€Defendantððs€conviction€for€assault€on€Count€3€of€the€indictment€is€reversed€and€theÐ œì Ðjudgment€imposing€sentence€thereon€is€vacated.€€In€all€other€respects,€the€judgment€of€the€trial€courtÐ ˆØ Ðis€affirmed.Ð tÄ ÐÌÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à___________________________________€Ð  ` Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àDAVID€H.€WELLES,€JUDGE