ÿWPCÍ' …# VU:a %› 0¡w@¥ 4å ù 0H 0DP ” 0Jœ 0Tæ 0^: 0h˜ 0r 0|r 0†î 0t 1u 0dyU *ÝB)DC0 AMsÀÀ B€’Õ/KOv~d D3âvÓ 0@è% AO(&Æw& 0D=' D/' B°'˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLhÎ, øð AZ‹"Arial RegularX(Üg$¡¡Ñ°ÑÑ€°ÑÒ€°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[¤ AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€YXXdðXXdð7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  Ñ sDtuDvDwxDyzE{>e|Ó€Ô¡¨ 3|x…(ø(3MR$¤¤Ý ƒg!ÝѰÑÑ€°ÑÒ€°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€o»XXdædæ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ýà Ø àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô  ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d 7Border 1dd€-!Cþÿ << Gÿÿ ¶Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÑ € ÑÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€XÔÌÌDecemberÏ1,Ï1997ÌÌCecilÏW.ÏCrowsonÌAppellateÏCourtÏClerkÔ  Ôó ó d ˆÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÑ € ÑÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€ôÔThis€appeal€originally€included€appellantððs€co„defendant,€Gary€W.€Stalworth,€who€was€triedÏjointly€with€the€appellant.€€However,€the€prosecution€of€his€appeal€was€abated€by€his€death€on€July€24,Ï1997.€€As€a€result,€we€will€not€address€the€issues€raised€on€behalf€of€Mr.€Stalworth.€Ì ËÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÑ € ÑÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€ôÔSince€he€was€off„duty,€Mr.€Hamblin€was€wearing€civilian€clothes€and€his€badge€was€not€visible.€Ì AÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÑ € ÑÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€ôÔAlso€indicted€for€these€offenses€in€addition€to€the€appellant€and€Gary€W.€Stalworth€was€AdrianÏWilkerson.€€Wilkerson€was€granted€a€severance€on€the€day€of€trial,€but€the€appellant€and€Stalworth€wereÏtried€jointly.Ì Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÑ € ÑÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€ôÔAppellantððs€conviction€for€the€lesser€offense€of€criminal€responsibility€for€facilitation€ofÏattempted€first€degree€murder€required€proof€of€separate€elements.€€Nevertheless,€we€believe€theÏevidence€was€adequate€to€show€that€appellant€knowingly€furnished€substantial€assistance€to€his€co„defendants€while€knowing€that€they€intended€to€commit€a€specific€felony.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð39„11„403(a)€(1991).ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`$$$$'ÿÿdxdStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÒ  ion-F Geneva Ò("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÑ € ÑÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€Xd#ÑÑ#€Xd#ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÙ€€Ù›œßR€"#!A1-j|` , `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌà@ àòòIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌóóÌà@ àòòAT€NASHVILLE€óóÌÌà@ à€€JUNE€1997€SESSIONÌÌÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà àà à)à àNo.€01C01„9607„CR„00301€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àAppelleeà àà àà àà à)à à€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àDAVIDSON€COUNTYÌV.à àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àHON.€J.€RANDALL€WYATT,€JR.,ÌJOHNNY€E.€MCCLAIN,€JR.,à àà à)à àJUDGEÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àAppellant.à àà àà àà à)à à(Especially€Aggravated€Robbery;Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à à€Facilitation€of€Attempted€Murder;Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à à€Aggravated€Robbery;€AggravatedÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)à à€Assault)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àÌÌòòFor€the€Appellant:óóà àà àà àà àà àòòFor€the€Appellee:óóÌÌMark€E.€œChapman›à àà àà àà àà àJohn€Knox€WalkupÌ3608€Chesapeake€Driveà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌNashville,€TN€37207à àà àà àà àà àà àà àÌ(At€trial)à àà àà àà àà àà àDaryl€J.€BrandÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌLionel€R.€Barrettà àà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌWashington€Square€Twoà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0493Ì222€Second€Avenue,€NorthÌSuite€417ÌNashville,€TN€37201à àà àà àà àVictor€S.€Johnson,€IIIà àà àÌ(On€appeal)à àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àNicholas€D.€BaileyÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€AttorneyÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à222€Second€Avenue,€NorthÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àSuite€500Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37201„1649ÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€___________________ÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌWilliam€M.€Barker,€JudgeÇà@ àò òOPINIONó óÌÌÌÓÓà àThe€appellant,€Johnny€E.€McClain,€Jr.,× ƒ% ××  ×€appeals€as€of€right€his€convictions€inÏthe€Davidson€County€Criminal€Court€of€especially€aggravated€robbery,€aggravatedÏrobbery,€facilitation€of€attempted€first€degree€murder,€and€two€counts€of€aggravatedÏassault.€€As€a€Range€II€offender,€the€appellant€received€an€effective€sentence€ofÏseventy„five€years€in€prison€for€his€convictions.€€Finding€no€reversible€error€in€theÏrecord€on€appeal,€we€affirm€both€the€appellantððs€convictions€and€sentences.Ìà àAppellant€raises€three€issues€on€appeal:€(1)€the€sufficiency€of€the€convictingÏevidence;€(2)€whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€excluding€certain€photographs;€andÏ(3)whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€sentencing€the€appellant.Ìà àThe€evidence€at€trial€established€that€on€August€1,€1994,€while€returning€toÏtheir€home€in€Scranton,€Pennsylvania,€from€a€vacation€trip€in€Florida,€James€Walsh,Ïhis€wife,€Donna,€and€their€two€young€sons,€Eddie€and€Jimmy,€stopped€in€Nashville€toÏspend€the€night.€€They€planned€to€visit€€Opryland€theme€park€the€following€day€and,Ïaccordingly,€reserved€a€room€at€the€Ramada€Inn€on€Music€Valley€Drive€nearÏOpryland.€€Ìà àUpon€arrival€at€the€motel,€Mr.€Walsh€parked€his€automobile€near€the€front€ofÏthe€motel€lobby€and€went€in€to€register.€€Because€there€were€a€large€number€of€otherÏguests€checking€into€the€hotel,€the€check„in€process€for€Mr.€Walsh€took€approximatelyÏthirty€to€forty„five€minutes.€€While€Donna€Walsh€was€waiting€in€the€car€while€herÏhusband€and€two€sons€went€inside€to€register€at€the€motel,€she€noticed€three€blackÏmen€parked€in€a€red€car€beside€them.€€She€testified€that€the€three€men€stayed€in€theirÏcar€the€entire€time,€never€going€inside€the€motel.Ìà àAfter€receiving€his€room€key€from€the€front€desk€of€the€Ramada€Inn,€Mr.€WalshÏdrove€his€family€to€the€rear€of€the€building,€parked€his€automobile,€and€beganÏunloading€the€family€luggage.€€As€he€was€closing€the€cartop€luggage€carrier,€heÏnoticed€a€black€man€approaching€him.€€Because€the€man€was€a€stranger,€Mr.€WalshÏstarted€to€walk€away,€but€the€man€said,€ð ðWhatððs€up?ðð€€The€man€continued€walkingÏtoward€Mr.€Walsh.€€As€he€neared€the€front€of€the€Walshsðð€automobile,€the€man€raisedÏhis€shirt€and€pulled€out€a€handgun.€€He€pointed€it€at€Mr.€Walsh€and€demanded€hisÏmoney.€€Ìà àBy€this€time,€Mrs.€Walsh€and€the€two€boys€had€walked€to€the€front€of€the€car.€ÏMr.€Walsh€pulled€out€his€wallet€and€gave€the€man€the€money€inside,€which,€accordingÏto€Walsh,€was€either€twenty„one€dollars€or€forty„one€dollars.€€The€robber€was€angeredÏby€the€small€amount€of€cash€and€demanded€more€money,€pointing€the€gun€at€Mrs.ÏWalsh€and€the€children.€€Mrs.€Walsh€removed€a€plastic€money€pouch€containing€allÍtheir€vacation€money€from€her€purse€and€handed€it€to€her€husband.€€Mr.€Walsh€askedÏthe€gunman€if€he€could€keep€a€portion€of€the€cash€so€that€he€and€his€family€couldÏmake€the€return€trip€home.€€This€angered€the€gunman€even€more.€€He€demanded€allÏthe€money€and€stated€that€he€would€kill€Mr.€Walsh€if€he€did€not€comply.€€He€thenÏcocked€the€gun€and€pointed€it€at€Mr.€Walshððs€family€and€said€he€was€going€to€shoot.€€Ìà àIn€an€effort€to€protect€his€family,€Mr.€Walsh€lunged€at€the€gunman.€€The€robberÏpointed€the€gun€in€his€face€and€Mr.€Walsh€pushed€it€away.€€As€he€did€so,€the€gun€firedÏand€the€bullet€struck€Mr.€Walsh€in€his€left€shoulder.€€Walsh€struck€the€gunman,Ïknocking€him€to€the€pavement.€€They€then€struggled€for€the€gun,€which€again€fired,Ïbut€the€bullet€missed€both€men.€€As€the€struggle€continued,€the€gun€fired€again,€theÏbullet€passing€very€close€to€Mr.€Walshððs€ear,€but€again€missing.€€Suddenly,€theÏgunman€pushed€away€from€Mr.€Walsh,€jumped€to€his€feet,€and€started€to€casuallyÏwalk€away.€€Mr.€Walsh€struggled€to€his€feet,€yelled€at€the€man,€and€dove€at€the€manððsÏfeet.€€At€that€point,€the€gunman€began€to€run€and€Mr.€Walsh,€weakened€by€his€injury,Ïwas€unable€to€catch€him.€€Nevertheless,€the€man€turned€and€fired€a€fourth€shot€at€Mr.ÏWalsh,€narrowly€missing€him.€Walsh€watched€as€the€gunman€ran€toward€anotherÏman€standing€about€fifty€yards€away.€€Mr.€Walsh€yelled€to€the€second€man€for€help.€ÏHowever,€the€second€man€joined€the€gunman€and€they€both€ran€in€the€direction€ofÏthe€motel€entrance.€€The€two€men€jumped€into€a€small€red€foreign€car€that€wasÏmoving€slowly€toward€them.€€Thereafter,€the€car€began€to€speed€away.Ìà àAs€the€robbery€and€shooting€were€occurring,€Patrick€Hamblin,€an€off„dutyÏCheatham€County€Deputy,€was€across€the€street€from€the€Ramada€Inn€at€aÏconvenience€store.€€He€heard€the€gunshots€and€witnessed€two€men€struggling€on€theÏground€in€the€parking€lot€of€the€Ramada€Inn.€€He€quickly€drove€his€pickup€truck€to€theÏmotel€parking€lot€to€offer€assistance.€€He€watched€the€scene€closely€as€he€drove€onÏMusic€Valley€Drive€and€saw€one€man€jump€up,€begin€to€walk€away,€and€then€turn€andÏfire€a€shot€at€the€other€man.€€He€also€observed€the€shooter€run€toward€a€small€red€carÏwith€a€second€man€joining€him€approximately€halfway€between€the€place€where€theÏstruggle€had€occurred€and€the€red€car.€€Hamblin€reached€the€exit€of€the€Ramada€InnÏparking€lot€at€the€same€time€the€red€car€began€to€attempt€to€speed€away.€€He€droveÏhis€pickup€truck€so€as€to€block€the€drive,€almost€hitting€the€red€car.€€The€red€carÏstopped€momentarily,€and€Hamblin€yelled,€ð ðPolice!€€Get€out€of€the€car.ðð× ƒ& ××  ×€€TheÏsurprised€driver€of€the€red€car€stared€at€Hamblin€for€a€moment€and€then€pulledÏaround€Hamblinððs€truck€and€sped€away.Ìà àHamblin€decided€to€give€chase€and€followed€the€car€as€it€sped€downÏMcGavock€Pike.€€The€chase€lasted€several€miles,€reaching€speeds€between€85€andÏ100€miles€per€hour.€€Hamblin€testified€that€the€driver€of€the€red€car€ignored€trafficÏlights,€stop€signs,€and€drove€on€the€wrong€side€of€the€road.€€At€one€point€during€theÏchase,€the€person€riding€in€the€backseat€of€the€red€car€reached€out€the€window€andÍfired€a€shot€at€Hamblinððs€truck.€€The€red€car€eventually€entered€a€housing€project,€atÏwhich€point€Hamblin€got€close€enough€to€strike€the€red€car€with€his€pickup€truck,Ïcausing€the€car€to€crash€into€a€porch€railing.€€The€occupants€jumped€out€of€the€car.€ÏThe€driver€charged€toward€Hamblinððs€truck€while€Hamblin€was€still€seated€behind€theÏwheel.€€Unable€to€see€the€manððs€hands€as€he€came€toward€him,€Hamblin€armedÏhimself€with€his€personal€firearm.€€As€the€man€reached€the€window€of€the€driverððs€sideÏdoor,€Hamblin€fired€a€bullet€into€the€manððs€chest.€€The€man€turned€and€ran.Ìà àPolice€arrived€shortly€and€the€injured€driver€of€the€car€was€discovered€a€fewÏblocks€away.€€He€was€identified€as€the€appellant,€Johnny€E.€McClain,€Jr.,€and€the€redÏcar€he€was€driving€was€registered€to€his€mother.€€Ìà àMr.€Walsh€testified€that€the€bullet€which€struck€his€shoulder€remains€lodgedÏapproximately€on„half€inch€from€his€spine.€€Despite€visits€to€several€specialists,€theÏbullet€cannot€be€surgically€removed€because€of€its€precarious€location.€€As€a€result,Ïhe€has€been€unable€to€resume€his€work€as€a€firefighter€in€Pennsylvania.€€Ìà àThe€State€also€presented€evidence€demonstrating€that€several€sets€ofÏappellantððs€fingerprints€were€found€on€the€driverððs€door€of€the€red€car€and€that€Mrs.ÏWalshððs€money€pouch€was€discovered€inside€that€car.€€The€money,€however,€was€notÏrecovered.Ìà àThe€appellant€offered€no€proof€at€trial.€€Ìà àAppellant€first€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence€.€€He€doesÏnot€dispute€that€he€was€present€when€the€offenses€were€committed€or€that€he€droveÏthe€getaway€car.€€Instead,€he€argues€that€the€State€failed€to€prove€the€necessaryÏelements€to€make€him€criminally€responsible€for€the€actions€of€his€co„defendants.× ƒ' ××  ×€ÏAppellant€urges€us€to€reverse€his€convictions€because€there€is€no€evidence€that€heÏhad€knowledge€of€the€crime€prior€to€its€commission€and€thus€no€intent€to€commit€theÏcrimes€actually€perpetrated€by€Wilkerson€and€Stalworth.€€Ìà àIn€order€to€convict€the€appellant€under€the€theory€of€criminal€responsibility,€theÏState€was€required€to€prove€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€the€appellant€solicited,Ïdirected,€aided€or€attempted€to€aid€another€person€to€commit€the€offenses€whileÏð ðacting€with€the€intent€to€promote€or€assist€the€commission€of€the€offense[s],€or€toÏbenefit€in€the€proceeds€or€results€of€the€offense[s].ðð€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð39„11„402(2)€(1991).€€This€code€provision€is€the€codification€of€the€common€law€for€aidersÏand€abettors.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð39„11„402€Sentencing€CommissionÏComments;€òòState€v.€Carsonóó,€950€S.W.2d€951,€953€(Tenn.€1997).€€Following€ourÏreview€of€the€record€upon€appeal,€we€conclude€that€the€evidence€more€thanÏsufficiently€proved€that€the€appellant€acted€with€the€intent€to€promote€and€assist€theÍcommission€of€the€offenses€and€that€he€aided€Stalworth€and€Wilkerson€in€theÏcommission€of€the€offenses.€€Ìà àTestimony€at€trial€proved€that€the€appellant€and€his€co„defendants€were€seatedÏin€the€small€red€car€and€parked€beside€the€Walsh€vehicle€when€Mr.€Walsh€went€intoÏthe€lobby€of€the€Ramada€Inn€to€register€his€family€as€guests.€€Both€Mr.€and€Mrs.€WalshÏtestified€that€they€noticed€the€car€and€its€three€black€male€occupants.€€The€car€and€itsÏoccupants€remained€parked€beside€the€Walsh€vehicle€during€the€entire€thirty€to€forty„five€minute€period€in€which€it€took€Mr.€Walsh€to€register€at€the€motel.€€Mrs.€Walsh€wasÏsomewhat€alarmed€by€their€presence€because€the€men€remained€in€the€car,€did€notÏmove,€and€made€no€efforts€to€conduct€business€at€the€motel.€€It€was€reasonable€for€aÏjury€to€infer€that€the€appellant€and€his€companions€were€likely€planning€the€robberyÏand€choosing€a€target€during€this€time.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835Ï(Tenn.€1978)€(holding€that€the€State€is€entitled€to€all€reasonable€and€legitimateÏinferences€which€may€be€drawn€from€the€proof).Ìà àAdditional€evidence€of€appellantððs€knowledge€and€intent€to€aid€and€abet€wasÏrevealed€by€his€actions€during€and€following€the€offenses.€€Patrick€Hamblin€testifiedÏthat€he€noticed€the€red€car€during€the€altercation€between€the€actual€robber€and€Mr.ÏWalsh€and€saw€the€appellant€standing€at€the€rear€of€the€vehicle€watching.€€As€theÏother€two€men€began€running,€the€appellant€jumped€in€the€car€and€started€backingÏthe€car€to€the€middle€of€the€parking€lot.€€Hamblin€also€testified€that€the€appellantÍreached€over,€opened€the€passenger€side€door,€and€pushed€the€front€seat€down€toÏallow€one€of€the€men€to€get€into€the€back€seat.€€Testimony€from€other€witnessesÏcorroborated€Mr.€Hamblinððs€testimony€that€the€small€red€car€was€already€movingÏwhen€the€men€reached€it.€€Witness€Ronald€Warren€testified€that€it€appeared€that€theÏdriver€wanted€to€leave€the€men€at€one€point,€but€did€not.€€Mr.€Warren€confirmed€thatÏthe€appellant€had€the€opportunity€and€ability€to€leave€the€two€other€men,€but€insteadÏchose€to€wait€for€them.€€After€allowing€his€two€fleeing€companions€to€enter€the€carÏwhich€he€was€driving,€the€appellant€sped€from€the€scene€and€engaged€in€a€high„speed€chase.€€Such€evidence€does€not€paint€the€picture€of€one€who€is€merely€presentÏand€unaware€that€an€offense€was€to€be€committed.€€Instead,€the€evidence,€togetherÏwith€the€reasonable€inferences€from€that€evidence,€clearly€demonstrate€that€theÏappellant€ð ðknowingly,€voluntarily,€and€with€common€intent€unite[d]€with€the€principalÏoffenders€in€the€commission€of€the€crimeðð€and€is,€therefore,€liable€for€their€actions.€ÏòòState€v.€Carsonóó,€950€S.W.2d€951,€954€(Tenn.€1997)€(quoting€òòState€v.€Fosteróó,€755ÏS.W.2d€846,€848€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988)).€€Viewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€mostÏfavorable€to€the€State,€as€we€are€required€to€do€upon€appeal,€a€reasonable€jury€couldÏhave€determined€that€the€appellant€played€an€active€role€in€the€crime€by€acting€asÏð ðwheelmanðð€for€his€co„perpetrators,€thereby€aiding€the€commission€of€the€offensesÏand€acting€with€the€intent€to€assist€in€the€crimes.€€òòSeeóó€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.Ï307,€319,€99€S.Ct.€2781,€61€L.Ed.2d€560€(1979).€€Clearly,€it€was€reasonable€for€theÍjury€to€conclude€that€appellantððs€role€exceeded€mere€presence€and€that€heÏassociated€himself€with€the€venture€and€shared€in€the€criminal€intent€of€theÏperpetrators.€€òòSeeóó€òòCarsonóó,€950€S.W.2d€at€954€(citation€omitted).€€€Ìà àPursuant€to€òòCarsonóó,€our€supreme€courtððs€most€recent€interpretation€of€theÏcriminal€responsibility€statute,€appellantððs€aiding€and€intent€to€assist€in€the€robberyÏmakes€him€liable€for€all€natural€and€probable€consequences€flowing€from€thatÏrobbery.€€òòId.óó€at€955„56.€€Therefore,€appellantððs€convictions€for€the€aggravated€assaultÏof€the€Walsh€children€and€the€facilitation€of€attempted€murder€of€James€Walsh€wereÏalso€warranted.× ƒ( ××  ×€€Ìà àThe€appellant€next€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€excluding€photographsÏdepicting€a€confederate€flag€license€plate€on€the€front€of€Deputy€Hamblinððs€pickupÏtruck.€€He€argues€that€the€pictures€were€relevant€to€show€why€he€fled€from€Hamblin.€ÏSpecifically,€he€contends€that€the€photographs€would€have€provided€evidence€of€aÏreasonable€explanation€for€three€black€men€to€flee€from€a€white€man€dressed€inÏcivilian€clothes€giving€chase€in€a€truck€bearing€a€confederate€flag€license€plate.€€SuchÏevidence,€the€appellant€argues,€would€have€presented€the€jury€with€a€logical€reasonÏfor€his€flight€to€rebut€the€inference€of€guilt.€Ìà àPrior€to€trial,€the€State€filed€a€motion€in€limine€requesting€the€court€to€suppressÏthe€photographs€and€any€evidence€about€the€license€plate.€€The€trial€court€took€theÏmotion€under€advisement€until€it€heard€a€portion€of€the€evidence.€€Prior€to€Mr.ÏHamblinððs€testimony,€however,€the€trial€court€ruled€that€the€photographs€would€beÏexcluded.€€In€so€ruling,€the€trial€court€stated€that€there€was€absolutely€no€evidence€ofÏbias€in€the€record€and€there€was€no€proof€that€either€of€the€defendants€even€saw€theÏlicence€plate.€€It€found€that€under€those€facts€and€circumstances,€the€evidence€wasÏnot€relevant.€€The€trial€court€further€found€that€even€if€the€photographs€had€someÏslight€probative€value,€it€was€substantially€outweighed€by€the€ð ðprejudicial€andÏinflammatory€effect€this€evidence€would€have€before€this€jury.ðð€€Ìà àThe€admissibility€of€photographic€evidence€rests€within€the€sound€discretion€ofÏthe€trial€court.€€òòState€v.€Banksóó,€564€S.W.2d€947,€949€(Tenn.€1978).€€The€admissibilityÏof€evidence,€of€course,€hinges€upon€relevance€and€also€a€determination€that€theÏprobative€value€of€the€evidence€is€not€substantially€outweighed€by€the€danger€ofÏunfair€prejudice.€€òòId.óó;€òòseeóó€òòalsoóó€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€401,€403.€€We€are€unable€to€say€that€theÏtrial€court€abused€its€discretion€in€this€case.€€Ìà àThe€record€contains€absolutely€no€evidence€that€any€of€the€defendants€wereÏspurred€on€by€fear€associated€by€this€license€plate€or€that€they€were€even€aware€of€itsÏpresence.€€Additionally,€there€was€no€evidence€of€any€racial€bias€from€any€witness€forÏthe€State.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.€€Ìà àIn€his€final€issue,€the€appellant€complains€of€the€consecutive€nature€of€hisÏsentences.€€In€light€of€his€role€in€the€crime,€he€argues€that€the€aggregate€length€of€theÏsentences€does€not€reasonably€relate€to€the€severity€of€the€offenses€and€that€theÏsentence€imposed€is€not€the€least€severe€measure€of€punishment.€€Ìà àWhen€a€defendant€complains€of€his€or€her€sentence,€we€are€required€toÏconduct€a€òòde€novoóó€review€accompanied€by€a€presumption€of€correctness.€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð40„35„401(d)€(1990).€€The€presumption,€however,€is€conditioned€uponÏan€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencingÏprinciples€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances.€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,Ï169€(Tenn.€1991).€€The€burden€of€showing€that€the€sentence€is€upon€the€appealingÏparty.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð40„35„401(d)€Sentencing€Commission€Comments.€€Ìà àIn€this€case,€the€trial€court€found€three€separate€factors€in€support€ofÏconsecutive€sentencing:€(1)€the€defendant€is€a€professional€criminal;€(2)€theÏdefendant€has€an€extensive€record€of€criminal€activity;€and€(4)€the€defendant€is€aÏdangerous€offender.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð40„35„115€(1991).€€Because€the€recordÏreflects€that€the€trial€court€carefully€considered€the€evidence€offered€at€the€sentencingÏhearing€and€the€requisite€principles€of€sentencing,€the€sentence€imposed€by€the€trialÏcourt€is€entitled€to€a€presumption€of€correctness.€€Ìà àThe€record€supports€the€trial€courtððs€determination€that€the€appellant€is€aÏprofessional€criminal.€€Appellantððs€employment€history€was€sketchy€and€could€not€beÍverified€by€the€officer€who€prepared€the€presentence€report.€€Although€the€appellantÏclaimed€to€have€worked€at€Krystal€off€and€on€for€six€years,€the€store€had€no€recordsÏavailable€for€verification.€€From€1992€until€his€arrest€for€this€offense,€the€appellantÏstated€he€was€self„employed€doing€landscaping€work.€€However,€he€did€not€provideÏthe€investigating€officer€any€documentation,€such€as€invoices€to€customers€orÏreceipts,€to€substantiate€that€employment.€€Appellantððs€lengthy€criminal€record€isÏlittered€with€theft€and€robbery€offenses€for€the€previous€ten€years,€leading€to€anÏinference€that€he€used€the€criminal€activity€as€a€major€source€of€livelihood.€ÏAccordingly,€the€trial€court€did€not€err€in€holding€that€the€appellant€is€a€professionalÏcriminal.Ìà àThe€trial€court€further€found€that€appellant€had€an€extensive€history€of€criminalÏactivity.€€The€presentence€report€reflects€twelve€convictions€of€the€appellant€duringÏthe€previous€ten„year€period,€including€aggravated€robbery,€three€convictions€forÏrobbery,€marijuana€possession,€third€degree€burglary,€possession€of€stolen€property,Ïand€assault.€€Moreover,€the€appellant€had€been€arrested€for€at€least€twenty„one€otherÏoffenses€spanning€the€same€time€frame.€€The€trial€court€remarked€that€the€appellantÏhad€been€in€and€out€of€court€ð ðlike€a€revolving€door.ðð€€Further,€appellant€admitted€thatÏthere€was€only€one€calendar€year€since€he€turned€eighteen€in€which€he€was€neitherÏarrested€nor€incarcerated.€€In€addition,€the€instant€offenses€resulted€in€appellantððs€firstÏtrial;€all€of€his€previous€sentences€and€convictions€were€the€result€of€plea€bargains.€ÍMany€of€the€plea€bargains€resulted€in€guilty€pleas€for€less€serious€offenses€than€thoseÏcharged€in€the€indictments.€€In€sum,€there€was€abundant€evidence€within€the€recordÏto€support€the€trial€courtððs€finding€that€the€appellant€has€an€extensive€criminal€record.€€Ìà àFinally,€the€trial€court€classified€appellant€as€a€dangerous€offender,€finding€thatÏhe€had€little€regard€for€human€life.€€Appellantððs€behavior€in€voluntarily€accompanyingÏtwo€other€men,€one€of€whom€was€armed,€to€a€busy€Ramada€Inn€at€the€height€of€theÏtourist€season€and€participating€in€offenses€during€which€many€shots€were€fired€andÏone€man€senselessly€wounded€demonstrates€that€the€appellant€had€little€regard€forÏhuman€life€and€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€when€the€risk€to€human€lifeÏwas€high.€€Moreover,€we,€as€did€the€trial€court,€find€that€an€extended€sentence€isÏnecessary€to€protect€the€public€against€further€criminal€conduct€by€the€defendant€andÏthat€the€consecutive€sentences€reasonably€relate€to€the€severity€of€the€offensesÏcommitted.€€òòState€v.€Wilkersonóó,€905€S.W.2d€933,€938„39€(Tenn.€1995).€€AppellantððsÏrepeated€and€persistent€violations€of€the€laws€of€this€state,€including€two€paroleÏviolations,€demonstrate€that€an€extended€sentence€is€necessary€to€protect€the€publicÏfrom€his€future€conduct.€€Each€time€the€appellant€has€been€confined€andÏsubsequently€released,€he€has€committed€another€crime€almost€immediately.€€TheÏtrial€court€did€not€err€in€imposing€consecutive€sentences.Ìà àBased€upon€the€foregoing,€we€affirm€both€the€appellantððs€convictions€and€hisÏsentences.ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà àà à_______________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àWilliam€M.€Barker,€JudgeÌÌÌÌ____________________________ÌJoe€B.€Jones,€Presiding€JudgeÌÌÌÌ____________________________ÌThomas€T.€Woodall,€Judge