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STATEOFTENNESSEEv.BILLYWAYNEMcCORMICKXq.X^  0  DirectAppealfromtheCriminalCourtforDavidsonCounty  " No.2001B1208SteveDozier,Judge   -  XXq. &'k[W$~ Kp@0 dd`  KEj K Kj2 -  Xq.X No.M200303039CCAR3CDFiledDecember2,_2004_ _  -  XXq. &)k[W$~ Kp@0 dd`  KE+ K K+2 -  Xq.X    Thedefendantappealsfromconvictionsofaggravatedassaultandevadingarrest.Hecontends  p  thattheevidencewasinsufficienttosupporttheverdicts,andthatthesentenceofeightyearsfor V aggravatedassaultwasexcessive.Aftercarefulconsiderationandathoroughreviewofthe < record,theconvictionsandthesentencesareaffirmed. "   Tenn.R.App.P.3AppealasofRight;JudgmentsoftheCriminalCourtAffirmed     JohnEverettWilliams,J.,deliveredtheopinionofthecourt,inwhichGaryR.Wade,P.J., j andDavidH.Welles,J.,joined. P GregoryD.Smith(onappeal),Clarksville,Tennessee,andF.MichieGibson,Jr.(attrial), l Nashville,Tennessee,fortheappellant,BillyWayneMcCormick. R PaulG.Summers,AttorneyGeneralandReporter;DavidH.Findley,AssistantAttorney  General;VictorS.(Torry)Johnson,III,DistrictAttorneyGeneral;andRyanD.Brown,  AssistantDistrictAttorneyGeneral,fortheappellee,StateofTennessee.     OPINION f!!     Z7,X` hp x (#,XXX(#Z    &     Facts    Ԍ 2## Ќ    <,XXX(#,XXX(#<  '2# "    Z7,X` hp x (#,XXX(#Z  <,X# (#,XXX(#<"     Thedefendant,BillyWayneMcCormick,wasindictedononecountofaggravated $N % assaultandonecountofevadingarrest.Followingabenchtrialinwhichthevictimdidnot %4!& testify,thedefendantwasfoundguiltyonbothcharges.Subsequently,thedefendantwas &"' classifiedasaRangeIIoffenderandwasissuedconcurrentsentencesofeightyearsonthe '#( aggravatedassaultcharge,andelevenmonths,twentyninedaysontheevadingarrestcharge. (#) ThedefendantnowappealstothisCourt." ݌ |)$* Ќ    9,XXX(#,XX# (#9  "    Z7,X` hp x (#,XXX(#Z  "  "X݌̌    <,XXX(#,XXX(#<    <,X# (#,XXX(#<   InApril2001,thedefendantenteredBillMartinsCBStoreandattemptedtomakea H+&, purchase.Whenherealizedthathedidnothaveenoughmoneyfortheitemshehadselected,he .,~'- becameagitatedandaskedthecashierifshewouldgivehimthemoney.Uponansweringthat -d(. shedidnothaveany,hebegantoverballyassaultthecashierandagrocerysacker( victim) -J)/V _whohadaskedhimtoleavethestore.Thedefendantrefusedtoleave,drawingtheattentionof  anoffdutypoliceofficerwhoworkedasstoresecurity.Theofficerorderedthedefendantto  leavethepremises. |     Shortlythereafter,theofficerobservedthedefendantholdinganopenknifewhilethe H defendantandthevictimswungatoneanotherinthestoreparkinglot.Theofficeragain . ~ orderedthedefendanttoleavethepremises.Thevictimreturnedtothestorebutwentback  d outsideashorttimelaterandreenteredthestorewithcutsabouthisheadandneckareathat  J requiredstitches.Aftertheofficersawthevictimsinjuries,hereturnedtothestoresparking  0 lot,wherehesawthedefendantandorderedhimtostop.Ratherthanaccedingtotheofficers    demand,thedefendantranawayfromthestoreandwaslaterapprehendedbyanotherlaw    enforcementofficer.Asearchofthedefendantspersonyieldedaknifefromthedefendants   leftrearpocket.Thedefendantwasthereafterarrestedandchargedwiththeabovenamed x  offenses.Henowchallengesthesufficiencyoftheevidenceonbothcountsandthesentence ^  imposedontheaggravatedassaultcharge. D    W7,X` hp x (#,XX# (#W     Z7,X` hp x (#,XXX(#Z    &  |  Analysis|I  Ԍ ` Ќ    <,XXX(#,XXX(#<  '=CEUS.,Xq.XXXq.     &  <  USCE.,SufficiencyoftheEvidence<  Ԍ , Ќ  US.,US.,Xq.XXXq.  '  CEUS.,   ThisCourtdoesnotreweighorreevaluatetheevidenceindeterminingsufficiency.  Statev.Cabbage,571S.W.2d832,835(Tenn.1978).USCE.,Althoughthiswasabenchtrial,the  findingsofthetrialjudgecarrythesameweightasajuryverdict.Statev.Holder,15S.W.3d t 905,911(Tenn.Crim.App.1999).Questionsconcerningthecredibilityofthewitnessesandthe Z weightandvaluetobegiventheirtestimonyaremattersentrustedtothetrialjudgeasthetrierof @ fact.Statev.Pappas,754S.W.2d620,623(Tenn.Crim.App.1987).Itisourdutytoaffirmthe &v convictioniftheevidence,viewedundertheappropriatestandards,wassufficientforany  \ rationaltrieroffacttohavefoundtheessentialelementsoftheoffensebeyondareasonable B doubt.SeeTenn.R.App.P.13(e);Jacksonv.Virginia,443U.S.307,319,99S.Ct.2781,2789, ( 61L.Ed.2d560(1979);Statev.Elkins,102S.W.3d578,581(Tenn.2003).    Althoughtheevidenceofthedefendantsguiltiscircumstantialinnature,circumstantial   evidencealonemaybesufficienttosupportaconviction.Statev.Tharpe,726S.W.2d896,899 p!  900(Tenn.1987);Statev.Gregory,862S.W.2d574,577(Tenn.Crim.App.1993).The V"! circumstantialevidence,however,mustexcludeeveryotherreasonabletheoryorhypothesis <#" otherthanguilt.Tharpe,726S.W.2dat900.Inaddition, itmustestablishsuchacertaintyof "$r# guiltoftheaccusedastoconvincethemindbeyondareasonabledoubtthat[thedefendant]is %X $ theonewhocommittedthecrime.Id.(citationsomitted). %>!%   Inthepresentcase,thedefendantwaschargedwithaggravatedassaultandevading ' #' arrest.Inthecasesubjudice,weagreewiththetrialcourtthatsufficientevidencewaspresented (#( tosupporttheconvictions.Infirstaddressingtheaggravatedassaultconviction,theapplicable )$) statutestatesinpertinentpart: l*%*  - ,,XXX(#- X XApersoncommitsaggravatedassault_who: R+&+  4 (1)0 ` Intentionallyorknowinglycommitsanassaultasdefinedin3913101   and:` `   4 0 ` (A)0 ` ` Causesseriousbodilyinjurytoanother;or|   4 0 ` (B)0 ` ` Usesordisplaysadeadlyweapon.b   Xz( X(Tenn.CodeAnn.3913102(a). H 1,XXX(#,M(1      !"#$%& + (03@/& e / XInitiallywewouldnotethatanaggravatedassaultmayoccurwhenanintentionalor  d knowingassaultcausesseriousbodilyinjuryorwhenadeadlyweaponisusedordisplayed.The  J indictmentallegedthatthedefendantcausedbodilyinjurytothevictimbytheuseofadeadly  0 weapon.Theelementofbodilyinjurywasnotrequiredunderthestatutebut,becauseitwas    includedintheindictment,wewillreviewthefactstodeterminewhetherbodilyinjurywas    proven.    X-  Thestorecashiertestifiedthatthedefendantbecameagitatedwhenhelearnedthathedid ^  nothaveenoughmoneytopurchasetheitemshewantedfromthestore.Upontellingthe D  defendantthatshewasunabletogivehimthemoney,heproceededtodirectracialslursatthe *z  cashier.Thedefendantlikewiseverballyassaultedthevictimwhenthevictiminsistedthatthe ` defendantleavethestore.Finally,afterrefusingtoleavethestore,thedefendanthadtobe F escortedoutbytheoffdutypoliceofficerworkingassecurityatthestore. ,   Theoffdutyofficerthentestifiedthatafterthedefendantleftthestore,butbeforethe  victimwasinjured,hesawthevictimandthedefendant swingingateachotherandsawthe  defendantholdinganopenknife.Theofficertestifiedthatheorderedthedefendanttoputthe t knifeawayandvacatethestoreproperty,andtoldthevictimtoreturntothestore.Boththe Z cashierandtheoffdutyofficertestifiedthatshortlyafterreturningtothestore,thevictimwent @ backoutsideandreturnedapproximatelyoneminutelaterwithbleedingcutsonhisheadand &v neck.Theofficerfurthertestifiedthathediscoveredthedefendantintheparkinglotofthestore  \ andorderedhimtostop,butthedefendantfledfromthescene.Adetectivethentestifiedthat B afterlearningoftheassaultonthepolicer_adio_,hepursuedthedefendantbypatrolcar.Upon ( detainingandsearchinghim,thedetectivediscoveredaknife,matchingtheoneseeninthe  earlieraltercationwiththevictim,inthedefendantsleftrearpocket.    Thetrialcourtstatedinits_judgment:_ p!   X XW4,X` hp x ,XXX(#WInthiscase,althoughtherewasnowitnesscalledbytheStatewhowitnessedthe V"! actualcuttingof[thevictim],theCourtdoesfindthatthereissufficient <#" circumstantialproofleadingtoareasonableconclusionthatthedefendantwas "$r# thisperson.TheCourthasreviewedalloftheproof,circumstantialand %X $ otherwise,andhasconcludedthatthereisnootherreasonabletheoryor %>!% hypothesisexceptthatofguilt.   &$"&  X XZ7,X` hp x (#,XXX ZWeagreewiththetrialcourtthattheevidencepresentedwassufficienttoconvictthedefendant ' #' ofaggravatedassault. (#(   Next,weaddressthechargeofevadingarrest;theapplicablestatutestatesinpertinent l*%*  part: R+&+ /&Z & e/<,XX,XXX(#< X XExceptasprovidedinsubsection(b),itisunlawfulforanypersontointentionally   fleebyanymeansoflocomotionfromanyonethepersonknowstobealaw  enforcementofficeriftheperson: |  ` (A)0 Knowstheofficerisattemptingtoarresttheperson;orb   ` (B)0 Hasbeenarrested.H   X3= X%=@,XXX(#,XX<@Tenn.CodeAnn.3916603(a)(1). . ~   Thedefendantcontendsthattheevidencepresentedwasinsufficienttoconvicthimof  J evadingarrest;specifically,hearguesthattheStatefailedtoprovethatheknowinglyintendedto  0 fleefromarrest.Therecordshowsthatafterdiscoveringthevictimsinjuries,theoffduty    officerreturnedtotheparkinglotandrepeatedlyorderedthedefendantto stop.Uponbeing    giventheseorders,thedefendantfirstwalked,andthenran,awayfromtheofficer.Theofficer   thencalledtheincidentintothedispatcher.Respondingtothecall,thedetectiveobservedthe x  defendantrunningfromthescene,atwhichpointhepulledupinfrontofthedefendantwithhis ^  caranddrewhisweapon.Thedefendantwasthenhandcuffed,searched,andformallyarrested. D    Thetrialcourtfoundbeyondareasonabledoubtthatthedefendantdidintentionallyflee, ` knowingthatanofficerwasattemptingtoarresthimfortheinjuriesinflictedonthevictim.We F agree.Therecordshowsthattheofficerhadalreadyinstructedhimtoputhisknifeawayand , orderedthedefendantfromthepremises.Afterdiscoveringthatthevictimhadbeeninjured,the  officeremergedasecondtimefromthestoreandorderedthedefendanttostop.Insteadof  heedingtheofficersorder,thedefendantfledfromthesceneandcontinuedtofleeuntilthe  detectivewasfinallyabletodetainthedefendant.Therefore,likethetrialcourt,weare t persuadedthatthereexistedsufficientevidencetoconvictthedefendantofevadingarrest. Z   _CEUS.,Xq.XXXq.     _Q.h` hp x (#,XXX(#Q&  G  _SentencingGG awGԌ &v Ќ  US.,CE.,Xq.XXXq.  _F  E.` hp x (#hX(#E'&G X  Thedefendantnextcontendsthathissentenceofeightyearsforaggravatedassaultis B excessiveandshouldbereducedtotheminimumwithintheRange,sixyears.ThisCourts ( reviewofthesentenceimposedbythetrialcourtisdenovowithapresumptionofcorrectness.  Tenn.CodeAnn.4035401(d).Thispresumptionisconditioneduponanaffirmativeshowing  intherecordthatthetrialjudgeconsideredthesentencingprinciplesandallrelevantfactsand   circumstances.Statev._Pettus_,986S.W.2d540,543(Tenn.1999).Ifthetrialcourtfailsto p!  complywiththestatutorydirectives,thereisnopresumptionofcorrectnessandourreviewisde V"! novo.Statev.Poole,945S.W.2d93,96(Tenn.1997). <#"  "$r# Theburdenisupontheappealingpartytoshowthatthesentenceisimproper.Tenn. %X $ CodeAnn.4035401(d),SentencingCommissionComments.Inconductingourreview,we %>!% arerequired,pursuanttoTennesseeCodeAnnotatedsection4035210,toconsiderthe &$"& followingfactorsinsentencing: ' #'  X X XB+ ` hp x X(#B(1)[_t]he_Ԁevidence,ifany,receivedatthetrialandthesentencinghearing;(2)[_t]he_ (#( _presentence_Ԁreport;(3)[_t]he_Ԁprinciplesofsentencingandargumentsasto )$) sentencingalternatives;(4)[_t]he_Ԁnatureandcharacteristicsofthecriminal l*%* conductinvolved;(5)[_e]vidence_Ԁandinformationofferedbythepartiesonthe R+&+ enhancementandmitigatingfactorsin4035113and4035114;and(6)[_a]ny_ 8,', statementthedefendantwishestomakeinthedefendantsownbehalfabout  sentencing.   X XE.` hp x (#X EN7,X` hp x (#X(#N  Ifnomitigatingorenhancementfactorsforsentencingarepresent,TennesseeCode b Annotatedsection4035210(c)providesthatthepresumptivesentenceformostoffensesshall H betheminimumsentencewithintheapplicablerange.Statev.Lavender,967S.W.2d803,806 . ~ (Tenn.1998);Statev.Fletcher,805S.W.2d785,788(Tenn.Crim.App.1991).However,if  d suchfactorsdoexist,atrialcourtshouldenhancetheminimumsentencewithintherangefor  J enhancementfactorsandthenreducethesentencewithintherangeforthemitigatingfactors.  0 Tenn.CodeAnn.4035210(e);Statev.Arnett,49S.W.3d250,257(Tenn.2001).      Thestatuteprescribesnoparticularweightforeachfactor;thustheweightgiventoeach   factorislefttothediscretionofthetrialcourtaslongasthetrialcourtcomplieswiththe x  purposesandprinciplesofthesentencingactandtherecordsupportsitsfindings.Statev. ^  Madden,99S.W.3d127,138(Tenn.Crim.App.2002);seeTenn.CodeAnn.4035210, D  SentencingCommissionComments.Nevertheless,shouldtherebenomitigatingfactors,but *z  enhancementfactorsarepresent,atrialcourtmaysetthesentenceabovetheminimumwithin ` therange.Tenn.CodeAnn.4035210(d);Statev.Imfeld,70S.W.3d698,704(Tenn.2002). F Ѐ  Ifourreviewreflectsthatthetrialcourtfollowedthestatutorysentencingprocedure,  imposedalawfulsentenceaftergivingdueconsiderationandproperweighttothefactorsand  principlessetoutundersentencinglaw,andthetrialcourtsfindingsoffactareadequately  supportedbytherecord,thenwemaynotmodifythesentenceevenifwewouldhavepreferreda t differentresult.Statev.Hooper,29S.W.3d1,5(Tenn.2000). Z   CXZ XXXq.Eventhoughthepartieshavenotaddressedtheissue,therecentUnitedStatesSupreme &v Courtsholdingin#Xq.X XCXZ[#DXq.XXXq.Blakelyv.Washington,542U.S.____,124S.Ct.2531(2004)#Xq.XXDXq.\#CXZ XXXq.,plainly ` precludestheapplicationofenhancementfactors(9)and(12).#Xq.X XCXZ]#DXq.XXXq.InBlakely,theCourt,applying J theruleinApprendiv.NewJersey,566U.S.466,490(2000),struckdownaprovisionofthe 4 Washingtonsentencingguidelinesthatpermittedatrialjudgetoimposean exceptional  sentenceuponthefindingofcertainstatutorilyenumeratedenhancementfactors.TheCourt  observedthat thestatutorymaximumforApprendipurposesisthemaximumsentenceajudge   mayimposesolelyonthebasisofthefactsreflectedinthejuryverdictoradmittedbythe |!  defendant.Id.at2537(emphasisinoriginal).Finally,theCourtconcludedthat every b"! defendanthasarighttoinsistthattheprosecutorprovetoajury[beyondareasonabledoubt]all H#" factslegallyessentialtothepunishment.Id.at2543(emphasisinoriginal). .$~# #Xq.XXDXq.]#CXZ XXXq.#Xq.X XCXZa#DXq.XXXq.  UndertheruleestablishedinBlakely,thedefendantspriorconvictionsmaybeusedto %N!% enhancethesentences.Therecordestablishesthatthedefendanthasanextensivecriminal &4"& record,includingtwentyeightseparateconvictions.#Xq.XXDXq.b#DXq.XXXq.ԀAccordingtothepresentencereport,the '#' defendanthasconvictionsforvoluntarymanslaughter,destructionofproperty,unlawful ($( possessionofaweapon,shoplifting,possessionofmarijuana,petitlarceny,possessionof )$) anhydrousammonia,criminaltrespass,disorderlyconduct,attemptedassault,andseven |*%* convictionsforassault.Factors(9)and(12),neitherofwhicharebaseduponpriorconvictions, b+&+ werenotadmittedasfactbythedefendant.TheholdinginBlakelywould,therefore,barthe H,', applicationofthosefactorsabsentajuryverdict.Nevertheless,thedefendantscriminalhistory  issoextensiveastowarrantthemidrangesentenceofeightyears#Xq.XXDXq.c#DXq.XXXq..Thejudgmentsareaffirmed#Xq.XXDXq.f#DXq.XXXq..#Xq.XXDXq.[g#        Z7,X` hp x (#,XXX(#Z    &  g  Conclusiongh ,]hԌ b Ќ    <,XXX(#,XXX(#<  "    Z7,X` hp x (#,XXX(#Z  "ri    Basedontheforegoingandtherecordasawhole,theconvictionsandsentencesare . ~ affirmed.'bh"ri#j݌  d Ќ    <,XXX(#,XXX(#<  "    Z7,X` hp x (#,XXX(#Z  "tk  "tk%l݌̌    <,XXX(#,XXX(#<  <  ___________________________________ x  Ѐ   `     h       JOHNEVERETTWILLIAMS,JUDGE ^    <  Q.` hp x (#,XXX(#Q